diff --git a/src/__tests__/diff.test.ts b/src/__tests__/diff.test.ts
index 82a72ee..1c95e0a 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/diff.test.ts
+++ b/src/__tests__/diff.test.ts
@@ -307,4 +307,40 @@ describe('diff ordering', () => {
     expect(report.upgraded).toHaveLength(1);
     expect(report.hashChanges).toHaveLength(0);
   });
+
+  it('reports components that share a key instead of silently dropping them (issue #50)', () => {
+    // Two purl-less components with the same name coexist in the same SBOM
+    // (common in OS-package / container SBOMs). The old last-write-wins map
+    // silently discarded the first, hiding a real removal.
+    const a = makesbom([
+      { name: 'kernel', version: '5.15.0' },
+      { name: 'kernel', version: '5.19.0' },
+    ]);
+    const b = makesbom([
+      { name: 'kernel', version: '5.15.0' },
+    ]);
+    const report = diff(a, b);
+    // Both entries survived: one matches (unchanged), the other is a removal.
+    expect(report.removed).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(report.removed[0].version).toBe('5.19.0');
+  });
+
+  it('matches same-key components across SBOMs by occurrence order', () => {
+    const a = makesbom([
+      { name: 'dup', version: '1.0.0' },
+      { name: 'dup', version: '2.0.0' },
+    ]);
+    const b = makesbom([
+      { name: 'dup', version: '1.0.0' },
+      { name: 'dup', version: '3.0.0' },
+    ]);
+    const report = diff(a, b);
+    // First occurrence pairs 1.0.0<->1.0.0 (unchanged); second pairs
+    // 2.0.0<->3.0.0 (upgrade). No add/remove false positives.
+    expect(report.upgraded).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(report.upgraded[0].from).toBe('2.0.0');
+    expect(report.upgraded[0].to).toBe('3.0.0');
+    expect(report.added).toHaveLength(0);
+    expect(report.removed).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/diff.ts b/src/diff.ts
index 54555a1..1d75411 100644
--- a/src/diff.ts
+++ b/src/diff.ts
@@ -153,10 +153,28 @@ function toIdentity(sbom: SBOM): SBOMIdentity {
   };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Build a component lookup map, disambiguating components that share a key.
+ *
+ * buildComponentMap previously used last-write-wins: when a single SBOM
+ * contained two components mapping to the same `purl ?? name` key, every entry
+ * but the last was silently discarded *before* the diff ran, so added/removed
+ * packages could vanish from the report entirely (issue #50).
+ *
+ * Instead, every component gets a unique key: the first occurrence keeps the
+ * bare key, subsequent collisions get a `#2`, `#3`, … suffix. All entries
+ * survive into the map and are compared. Ordering is deterministic (stable
+ * input order) so the same SBOM always yields the same keys.
+ */
 function buildComponentMap(components: Component[]): Map<string, Component> {
   const map = new Map<string, Component>();
+  const seen = new Map<string, number>();
   for (const comp of components) {
-    map.set(componentKey(comp), comp);
+    const base = componentKey(comp);
+    const count = seen.get(base) ?? 0;
+    seen.set(base, count + 1);
+    const key = count === 0 ? base : `${base}#${count + 1}`;
+    map.set(key, comp);
   }
   return map;
 }