diff --git a/.flake8 b/.flake8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06a52ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.flake8
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[flake8]
+max-line-length = 115
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 4e2400a..579cb78 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ __pycache__/
 
 .vscode/
 .idea/
-.DS_Store
\ No newline at end of file
+.DS_Store
+.coverage
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Example/app/__init__.py b/Example/app/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e9ee85..0000000
--- a/Example/app/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-# This file is intentionally left empty.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Example/Dockerfile b/example/Dockerfile
similarity index 100%
rename from Example/Dockerfile
rename to example/Dockerfile
diff --git a/example/app/__init__.py b/example/app/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..339827c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example/app/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This file is intentionally left empty.
diff --git a/Example/app/main.py b/example/app/main.py
similarity index 85%
rename from Example/app/main.py
rename to example/app/main.py
index 98126a7..ba72bb6 100644
--- a/Example/app/main.py
+++ b/example/app/main.py
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
 # # Define a route for the root URL ("/")
 # @app.get("/")
 # def hello_world():
-#     return {"message": "Hello, World! This is a Python app running in Docker with Uvicorn."}
\ No newline at end of file
+#     return {"message": "Hello, World! This is a Python app running in Docker with Uvicorn."}
diff --git a/makefile b/makefile
index 486756e..62e0885 100644
--- a/makefile
+++ b/makefile
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ format:
 lint:
 	poetry run flake8 .
 test:
-	poetry run python -m pytest test/ --verbose
+	poetry run python -m pytest tests/ -v --cov=app
 
 
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 0c28042..e5edb44 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -1,16 +1,4 @@
-# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 2.1.2 and should not be changed by hand.
-
-[[package]]
-name = "annotated-types"
-version = "0.7.0"
-description = "Reusable constraint types to use with typing.Annotated"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
-groups = ["main"]
-files = [
-    {file = "annotated_types-0.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1f02e8b43a8fbbc3f3e0d4f0f4bfc8131bcb4eebe8849b8e5c773f3a1c582a53"},
-    {file = "annotated_types-0.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:aff07c09a53a08bc8cfccb9c85b05f1aa9a2a6f23728d790723543408344ce89"},
-]
+# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 2.1.3 and should not be changed by hand.
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyio"
@@ -42,7 +30,6 @@ description = "The uncompromising code formatter."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main"]
-groups = ["main"]
 files = [
     {file = "black-25.1.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:759e7ec1e050a15f89b770cefbf91ebee8917aac5c20483bc2d80a6c3a04df32"},
     {file = "black-25.1.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:0e519ecf93120f34243e6b0054db49c00a35f84f195d5bce7e9f5cfc578fc2da"},
@@ -84,16 +71,129 @@ jupyter = ["ipython (>=7.8.0)", "tokenize-rt (>=3.2.0)"]
 uvloop = ["uvloop (>=0.15.2)"]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "click"
-version = "8.1.8"
-description = "Composable command line interface toolkit"
+name = "certifi"
+version = "2025.6.15"
+description = "Python package for providing Mozilla's CA Bundle."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+groups = ["main"]
+files = [
+    {file = "certifi-2025.6.15-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2e0c7ce7cb5d8f8634ca55d2ba7e6ec2689a2fd6537d8dec1296a477a4910057"},
+    {file = "certifi-2025.6.15.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d747aa5a8b9bbbb1bb8c22bb13e22bd1f18e9796defa16bab421f7f7a317323b"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "charset-normalizer"
+version = "3.4.2"
+description = "The Real First Universal Charset Detector. Open, modern and actively maintained alternative to Chardet."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
 groups = ["main"]
+files = [
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+    {file = "coverage-7.9.1-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:68cd53aec6f45b8e4724c0950ce86eacb775c6be01ce6e3669fe4f3a21e768ed"},
+    {file = "coverage-7.9.1-cp39-cp39-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:95335095b6c7b1cc14c3f3f17d5452ce677e8490d101698562b2ffcacc304c8d"},
+    {file = "coverage-7.9.1-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:e1b5191d1648acc439b24721caab2fd0c86679d8549ed2c84d5a7ec1bedcc244"},
+    {file = "coverage-7.9.1-pp39.pp310.pp311-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:db0f04118d1db74db6c9e1cb1898532c7dcc220f1d2718f058601f7c3f499514"},
+    {file = "coverage-7.9.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:66b974b145aa189516b6bf2d8423e888b742517d37872f6ee4c5be0073bd9a3c"},
+    {file = "coverage-7.9.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6cf43c78c4282708a28e466316935ec7489a9c487518a77fa68f716c67909cec"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+tomli = {version = "*", optional = true, markers = "python_full_version <= \"3.11.0a6\" and extra == \"toml\""}
+
+[package.extras]
+toml = ["tomli ; python_full_version <= \"3.11.0a6\""]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "exceptiongroup"
@@ -120,7 +301,7 @@ version = "1.3.0"
 description = "Backport of PEP 654 (exception groups)"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
-groups = ["main"]
+groups = ["main", "dev"]
 markers = "python_version == \"3.10\""
 files = [
     {file = "exceptiongroup-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4d111e6e0c13d0644cad6ddaa7ed0261a0b36971f6d23e7ec9b4b9097da78a10"},
@@ -156,21 +337,79 @@ standard = ["email-validator (>=2.0.0)", "fastapi-cli[standard] (>=0.0.5)", "htt
 
 [[package]]
 name = "flake8"
-version = "7.1.2"
+version = "7.2.0"
 description = "the modular source code checker: pep8 pyflakes and co"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8.1"
-groups = ["main"]
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "flake8-7.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1cbc62e65536f65e6d754dfe6f1bada7f5cf392d6f5db3c2b85892466c3e7c1a"},
-    {file = "flake8-7.1.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c586ffd0b41540951ae41af572e6790dbd49fc12b3aa2541685d253d9bd504bd"},
+    {file = "flake8-7.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:93b92ba5bdb60754a6da14fa3b93a9361fd00a59632ada61fd7b130436c40343"},
+    {file = "flake8-7.2.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fa558ae3f6f7dbf2b4f22663e5343b6b6023620461f8d4ff2019ef4b5ee70426"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
 mccabe = ">=0.7.0,<0.8.0"
-pycodestyle = ">=2.12.0,<2.13.0"
-pyflakes = ">=3.2.0,<3.3.0"
+pycodestyle = ">=2.13.0,<2.14.0"
+pyflakes = ">=3.3.0,<3.4.0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "h11"
+version = "0.16.0"
+description = "A pure-Python, bring-your-own-I/O implementation of HTTP/1.1"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["main"]
+files = [
+    {file = "h11-0.16.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:63cf8bbe7522de3bf65932fda1d9c2772064ffb3dae62d55932da54b31cb6c86"},
+    {file = "h11-0.16.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4e35b956cf45792e4caa5885e69fba00bdbc6ffafbfa020300e549b208ee5ff1"},
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "httpcore"
+version = "1.0.9"
+description = "A minimal low-level HTTP client."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["main"]
+files = [
+    {file = "httpcore-1.0.9-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2d400746a40668fc9dec9810239072b40b4484b640a8c38fd654a024c7a1bf55"},
+    {file = "httpcore-1.0.9.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6e34463af53fd2ab5d807f399a9b45ea31c3dfa2276f15a2c3f00afff6e176e8"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+certifi = "*"
+h11 = ">=0.16"
+
+[package.extras]
+asyncio = ["anyio (>=4.0,<5.0)"]
+http2 = ["h2 (>=3,<5)"]
+socks = ["socksio (==1.*)"]
+trio = ["trio (>=0.22.0,<1.0)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "httpx"
+version = "0.28.1"
+description = "The next generation HTTP client."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["main"]
+files = [
+    {file = "httpx-0.28.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d909fcccc110f8c7faf814ca82a9a4d816bc5a6dbfea25d6591d6985b8ba59ad"},
+    {file = "httpx-0.28.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:75e98c5f16b0f35b567856f597f06ff2270a374470a5c2392242528e3e3e42fc"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+anyio = "*"
+certifi = "*"
+httpcore = "==1.*"
+idna = "*"
+
+[package.extras]
+brotli = ["brotli ; platform_python_implementation == \"CPython\"", "brotlicffi ; platform_python_implementation != \"CPython\""]
+cli = ["click (==8.*)", "pygments (==2.*)", "rich (>=10,<14)"]
+http2 = ["h2 (>=3,<5)"]
+socks = ["socksio (==1.*)"]
+zstd = ["zstandard (>=0.18.0)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
@@ -193,7 +432,7 @@ version = "2.1.0"
 description = "brain-dead simple config-ini parsing"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
-groups = ["main"]
+groups = ["main", "dev"]
 files = [
     {file = "iniconfig-2.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9deba5723312380e77435581c6bf4935c94cbfab9b1ed33ef8d238ea168eb760"},
     {file = "iniconfig-2.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3abbd2e30b36733fee78f9c7f7308f2d0050e88f0087fd25c2645f63c773e1c7"},
@@ -206,7 +445,6 @@ description = "A Python utility / library to sort Python imports."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9.0"
 groups = ["main"]
-groups = ["main"]
 files = [
     {file = "isort-6.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2dc5d7f65c9678d94c88dfc29161a320eec67328bc97aad576874cb4be1e9615"},
     {file = "isort-6.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1cb5df28dfbc742e490c5e41bad6da41b805b0a8be7bc93cd0fb2a8a890ac450"},
@@ -223,7 +461,6 @@ description = "McCabe checker, plugin for flake8"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6"
 groups = ["main"]
-groups = ["main"]
 files = [
     {file = "mccabe-0.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6c2d30ab6be0e4a46919781807b4f0d834ebdd6c6e3dca0bda5a15f863427b6e"},
     {file = "mccabe-0.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:348e0240c33b60bbdf4e523192ef919f28cb2c3d7d5c7794f74009290f236325"},
@@ -231,28 +468,26 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mypy-extensions"
-version = "1.0.0"
+version = "1.1.0"
 description = "Type system extensions for programs checked with the mypy type checker."
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.5"
-groups = ["main"]
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "mypy_extensions-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4392f6c0eb8a5668a69e23d168ffa70f0be9ccfd32b5cc2d26a34ae5b844552d"},
-    {file = "mypy_extensions-1.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:75dbf8955dc00442a438fc4d0666508a9a97b6bd41aa2f0ffe9d2f2725af0782"},
+    {file = "mypy_extensions-1.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1be4cccdb0f2482337c4743e60421de3a356cd97508abadd57d47403e94f5505"},
+    {file = "mypy_extensions-1.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:52e68efc3284861e772bbcd66823fde5ae21fd2fdb51c62a211403730b916558"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "packaging"
-version = "24.2"
+version = "25.0"
 description = "Core utilities for Python packages"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
-groups = ["main"]
-groups = ["main"]
+groups = ["main", "dev"]
 files = [
-    {file = "packaging-24.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:09abb1bccd265c01f4a3aa3f7a7db064b36514d2cba19a2f694fe6150451a759"},
-    {file = "packaging-24.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c228a6dc5e932d346bc5739379109d49e8853dd8223571c7c5b55260edc0b97f"},
+    {file = "packaging-25.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:29572ef2b1f17581046b3a2227d5c611fb25ec70ca1ba8554b24b0e69331a484"},
+    {file = "packaging-25.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d443872c98d677bf60f6a1f2f8c1cb748e8fe762d2bf9d3148b5599295b0fc4f"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -262,7 +497,6 @@ description = "Utility library for gitignore style pattern matching of file path
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
 groups = ["main"]
-groups = ["main"]
 files = [
     {file = "pathspec-0.12.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a0d503e138a4c123b27490a4f7beda6a01c6f288df0e4a8b79c7eb0dc7b4cc08"},
     {file = "pathspec-0.12.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a482d51503a1ab33b1c67a6c3813a26953dbdc71c31dacaef9a838c4e29f5712"},
@@ -270,37 +504,20 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "platformdirs"
-version = "4.3.6"
+version = "4.3.8"
 description = "A small Python package for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a `user data dir`."
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
-groups = ["main"]
-groups = ["main"]
-files = [
-    {file = "platformdirs-4.3.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:73e575e1408ab8103900836b97580d5307456908a03e92031bab39e4554cc3fb"},
-    {file = "platformdirs-4.3.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:357fb2acbc885b0419afd3ce3ed34564c13c9b95c89360cd9563f73aa5e2b907"},
-]
-
-[package.extras]
-docs = ["furo (>=2024.8.6)", "proselint (>=0.14)", "sphinx (>=8.0.2)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=2.4)"]
-test = ["appdirs (==1.4.4)", "covdefaults (>=2.3)", "pytest (>=8.3.2)", "pytest-cov (>=5)", "pytest-mock (>=3.14)"]
-type = ["mypy (>=1.11.2)"]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "pluggy"
-version = "1.6.0"
-description = "plugin and hook calling mechanisms for python"
-optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "pluggy-1.6.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e920276dd6813095e9377c0bc5566d94c932c33b27a3e3945d8389c374dd4746"},
-    {file = "pluggy-1.6.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7dcc130b76258d33b90f61b658791dede3486c3e6bfb003ee5c9bfb396dd22f3"},
+    {file = "platformdirs-4.3.8-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ff7059bb7eb1179e2685604f4aaf157cfd9535242bd23742eadc3c13542139b4"},
+    {file = "platformdirs-4.3.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3d512d96e16bcb959a814c9f348431070822a6496326a4be0911c40b5a74c2bc"},
 ]
 
 [package.extras]
-dev = ["pre-commit", "tox"]
-testing = ["coverage", "pytest", "pytest-benchmark"]
+docs = ["furo (>=2024.8.6)", "proselint (>=0.14)", "sphinx (>=8.1.3)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=3)"]
+test = ["appdirs (==1.4.4)", "covdefaults (>=2.3)", "pytest (>=8.3.4)", "pytest-cov (>=6)", "pytest-mock (>=3.14)"]
+type = ["mypy (>=1.14.1)"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pluggy"
@@ -308,7 +525,7 @@ version = "1.6.0"
 description = "plugin and hook calling mechanisms for python"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
-groups = ["main"]
+groups = ["main", "dev"]
 files = [
     {file = "pluggy-1.6.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e920276dd6813095e9377c0bc5566d94c932c33b27a3e3945d8389c374dd4746"},
     {file = "pluggy-1.6.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7dcc130b76258d33b90f61b658791dede3486c3e6bfb003ee5c9bfb396dd22f3"},
@@ -320,186 +537,133 @@ testing = ["coverage", "pytest", "pytest-benchmark"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pycodestyle"
-version = "2.12.1"
+version = "2.13.0"
 description = "Python style guide checker"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
-groups = ["main"]
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "pycodestyle-2.12.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:46f0fb92069a7c28ab7bb558f05bfc0110dac69a0cd23c61ea0040283a9d78b3"},
-    {file = "pycodestyle-2.12.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6838eae08bbce4f6accd5d5572075c63626a15ee3e6f842df996bf62f6d73521"},
+    {file = "pycodestyle-2.13.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:35863c5974a271c7a726ed228a14a4f6daf49df369d8c50cd9a6f58a5e143ba9"},
+    {file = "pycodestyle-2.13.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c8415bf09abe81d9c7f872502a6eee881fbe85d8763dd5b9924bb0a01d67efae"},
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pydantic"
-version = "2.11.5"
-description = "Data validation using Python type hints"
+version = "1.10.22"
+description = "Data validation and settings management using python type hints"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.9"
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
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-    {file = "pydantic_core-2.33.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7cb8bc3605c29176e1b105350d2e6474142d7c1bd1d9327c4a9bdb46bf827acc"},
+    {file = "pyflakes-3.3.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:5039c8339cbb1944045f4ee5466908906180f13cc99cc9949348d10f82a5c32a"},
+    {file = "pyflakes-3.3.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6dfd61d87b97fba5dcfaaf781171ac16be16453be6d816147989e7f6e6a9576b"},
 ]
 
-[package.dependencies]
-typing-extensions = ">=4.6.0,<4.7.0 || >4.7.0"
-
 [[package]]
-name = "pyflakes"
-version = "3.2.0"
-description = "passive checker of Python programs"
+name = "pygments"
+version = "2.19.1"
+description = "Pygments is a syntax highlighting package written in Python."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
-groups = ["main"]
-groups = ["main"]
+groups = ["main", "dev"]
 files = [
-    {file = "pyflakes-3.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:84b5be138a2dfbb40689ca07e2152deb896a65c3a3e24c251c5c62489568074a"},
-    {file = "pyflakes-3.2.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1c61603ff154621fb2a9172037d84dca3500def8c8b630657d1701f026f8af3f"},
+    {file = "pygments-2.19.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9ea1544ad55cecf4b8242fab6dd35a93bbce657034b0611ee383099054ab6d8c"},
+    {file = "pygments-2.19.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:61c16d2a8576dc0649d9f39e089b5f02bcd27fba10d8fb4dcc28173f7a45151f"},
 ]
 
+[package.extras]
+windows-terminal = ["colorama (>=0.4.6)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest"
-version = "8.3.5"
+version = "8.4.0"
 description = "pytest: simple powerful testing with Python"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
-groups = ["main"]
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["main", "dev"]
 files = [
-    {file = "pytest-8.3.5-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c69214aa47deac29fad6c2a4f590b9c4a9fdb16a403176fe154b79c0b4d4d820"},
-    {file = "pytest-8.3.5.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:f4efe70cc14e511565ac476b57c279e12a855b11f48f212af1080ef2263d3845"},
+    {file = "pytest-8.4.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f40f825768ad76c0977cbacdf1fd37c6f7a468e460ea6a0636078f8972d4517e"},
+    {file = "pytest-8.4.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:14d920b48472ea0dbf68e45b96cd1ffda4705f33307dcc86c676c1b5104838a6"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-colorama = {version = "*", markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""}
-exceptiongroup = {version = ">=1.0.0rc8", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
-iniconfig = "*"
-packaging = "*"
+colorama = {version = ">=0.4", markers = "sys_platform == \"win32\""}
+exceptiongroup = {version = ">=1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
+iniconfig = ">=1"
+packaging = ">=20"
 pluggy = ">=1.5,<2"
+pygments = ">=2.7.2"
 tomli = {version = ">=1", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
 
 [package.extras]
-dev = ["argcomplete", "attrs (>=19.2)", "hypothesis (>=3.56)", "mock", "pygments (>=2.7.2)", "requests", "setuptools", "xmlschema"]
+dev = ["argcomplete", "attrs (>=19.2)", "hypothesis (>=3.56)", "mock", "requests", "setuptools", "xmlschema"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-asyncio"
@@ -520,6 +684,48 @@ pytest = ">=8.2,<9"
 docs = ["sphinx (>=5.3)", "sphinx-rtd-theme (>=1)"]
 testing = ["coverage (>=6.2)", "hypothesis (>=5.7.1)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pytest-cov"
+version = "6.2.1"
+description = "Pytest plugin for measuring coverage."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "pytest_cov-6.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f5bc4c23f42f1cdd23c70b1dab1bbaef4fc505ba950d53e0081d0730dd7e86d5"},
+    {file = "pytest_cov-6.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:25cc6cc0a5358204b8108ecedc51a9b57b34cc6b8c967cc2c01a4e00d8a67da2"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+coverage = {version = ">=7.5", extras = ["toml"]}
+pluggy = ">=1.2"
+pytest = ">=6.2.5"
+
+[package.extras]
+testing = ["fields", "hunter", "process-tests", "pytest-xdist", "virtualenv"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "requests"
+version = "2.32.4"
+description = "Python HTTP for Humans."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+groups = ["main"]
+files = [
+    {file = "requests-2.32.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:27babd3cda2a6d50b30443204ee89830707d396671944c998b5975b031ac2b2c"},
+    {file = "requests-2.32.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:27d0316682c8a29834d3264820024b62a36942083d52caf2f14c0591336d3422"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+certifi = ">=2017.4.17"
+charset_normalizer = ">=2,<4"
+idna = ">=2.5,<4"
+urllib3 = ">=1.21.1,<3"
+
+[package.extras]
+socks = ["PySocks (>=1.5.6,!=1.5.7)"]
+use-chardet-on-py3 = ["chardet (>=3.0.2,<6)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sniffio"
 version = "1.3.1"
@@ -556,10 +762,7 @@ version = "2.2.1"
 description = "A lil' TOML parser"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8"
-groups = ["main"]
-markers = "python_version == \"3.10\""
-groups = ["main"]
-markers = "python_version == \"3.10\""
+groups = ["main", "dev"]
 files = [
     {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:678e4fa69e4575eb77d103de3df8a895e1591b48e740211bd1067378c69e8249"},
     {file = "tomli-2.2.1-cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:023aa114dd824ade0100497eb2318602af309e5a55595f76b626d6d9f3b7b0a6"},
@@ -594,36 +797,40 @@ files = [
     {file = "tomli-2.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:cb55c73c5f4408779d0cf3eef9f762b9c9f147a77de7b258bef0a5628adc85cc"},
     {file = "tomli-2.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:cd45e1dc79c835ce60f7404ec8119f2eb06d38b1deba146f07ced3bbc44505ff"},
 ]
+markers = {main = "python_version == \"3.10\"", dev = "python_full_version <= \"3.11.0a6\""}
 
 [[package]]
 name = "typing-extensions"
-version = "4.12.2"
-description = "Backported and Experimental Type Hints for Python 3.8+"
+version = "4.14.0"
+description = "Backported and Experimental Type Hints for Python 3.9+"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.8"
-groups = ["main"]
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["main", "dev"]
 files = [
-    {file = "typing_extensions-4.12.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:04e5ca0351e0f3f85c6853954072df659d0d13fac324d0072316b67d7794700d"},
-    {file = "typing_extensions-4.12.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1a7ead55c7e559dd4dee8856e3a88b41225abfe1ce8df57b7c13915fe121ffb8"},
+    {file = "typing_extensions-4.14.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a1514509136dd0b477638fc68d6a91497af5076466ad0fa6c338e44e359944af"},
+    {file = "typing_extensions-4.14.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:8676b788e32f02ab42d9e7c61324048ae4c6d844a399eebace3d4979d75ceef4"},
 ]
+markers = {dev = "python_version == \"3.10\""}
 
 [[package]]
-name = "typing-inspection"
-version = "0.4.1"
-description = "Runtime typing introspection tools"
+name = "urllib3"
+version = "2.4.0"
+description = "HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main"]
 files = [
-    {file = "typing_inspection-0.4.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:389055682238f53b04f7badcb49b989835495a96700ced5dab2d8feae4b26f51"},
-    {file = "typing_inspection-0.4.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6ae134cc0203c33377d43188d4064e9b357dba58cff3185f22924610e70a9d28"},
+    {file = "urllib3-2.4.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4e16665048960a0900c702d4a66415956a584919c03361cac9f1df5c5dd7e813"},
+    {file = "urllib3-2.4.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:414bc6535b787febd7567804cc015fee39daab8ad86268f1310a9250697de466"},
 ]
 
-[package.dependencies]
-typing-extensions = ">=4.12.0"
+[package.extras]
+brotli = ["brotli (>=1.0.9) ; platform_python_implementation == \"CPython\"", "brotlicffi (>=0.8.0) ; platform_python_implementation != \"CPython\""]
+h2 = ["h2 (>=4,<5)"]
+socks = ["pysocks (>=1.5.6,!=1.5.7,<2.0)"]
+zstd = ["zstandard (>=0.18.0)"]
 
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
-lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = "^3.10"
-content-hash = "357e38772eabc56599609c62571ae9101ca7ed84f9c8a26ba5e4de279fe5bcec"
+content-hash = "dbd221e0ba7cf913f0f3c585f3d96deefbe53b6902263fc2000066af71cdf715"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index d1ac148..374398d 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 [tool.poetry]
 name = "durable-execution-engine-sdk"
 version = "0.1.0"
-packages = [{include = "src"}]
+description = ""
+authors = []
+packages = [{ include = "app", from = "src" }]
 
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
 python = "^3.10"
@@ -11,8 +13,16 @@ flake8 = "^7.1.2"
 pytest = "^8.3.5"
 pytest-asyncio = "^0.25.3"
 fastapi = "^0.115.12"
-pydantic = "^2.11.5"
+pydantic = "<2.0.0"
+requests = "^2.32.4"
+httpx = "^0.28.1"
+
+[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
+pytest-cov = "^6.2.1"
 
 [build-system]
 requires = ["poetry-core"]
 build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
+
+[tool.black]
+line-length = 79
diff --git a/pytest.ini b/pytest.ini
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..370ff6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pytest.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[pytest]
+# src directory to Python path so tests can import from app
+pythonpath = src
+
+# Where to look for test files
+testpaths = tests
+
+# Pattern for test files to discover
+python_files = test_*.py
+
+# Pattern for test classes
+python_classes = Test
+
+# Pattern for test functions
+python_functions = test_*
+
+asyncio_mode = auto
+
+# Command line options to always include
+addopts = -ra -q --cov=app
+
+# Environment variables for tests
+env =
+    DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL=http://test-engine:8000
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index e014ea3..0000000
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-black==25.1.0 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-click==8.1.8 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-colorama==0.4.6 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0" and platform_system == "Windows"
-flake8==7.1.2 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-isort==6.0.1 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-mccabe==0.7.0 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-mypy-extensions==1.0.0 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-packaging==24.2 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-pathspec==0.12.1 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-platformdirs==4.3.6 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-pycodestyle==2.12.1 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-pyflakes==3.2.0 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "4.0"
-tomli==2.2.1 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "3.11"
-typing-extensions==4.12.2 ; python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "3.11"
-pytest
-pytest-asyncio
diff --git a/src/app/__init__.py b/src/app/__init__.py
index c3135ca..ce23bf1 100644
--- a/src/app/__init__.py
+++ b/src/app/__init__.py
@@ -1 +1,23 @@
-__all__ = ["workflow_context", "service", "app"]
\ No newline at end of file
+from .app import DurableApp
+from .service import Service
+from .workflow_context import WorkflowContext
+from .types import (
+    EndureException,
+    ErrorResponse,
+    Response,
+    Log,
+    LogStatus,
+    RetryMechanism,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "DurableApp",
+    "Service",
+    "WorkflowContext",
+    "EndureException",
+    "ErrorResponse",
+    "Response",
+    "Log",
+    "LogStatus",
+    "RetryMechanism",
+]
diff --git a/src/app/_internal/__init__.py b/src/app/_internal/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dffed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/_internal/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+"""
+Internal implementation details. Do not import directly.
+This module is for internal use by app.py, service.py, and workflow_context.py only.
+"""
+from .internal_client import InternalEndureClient
+from .service_registry import ServiceRegistry
+from .utils import validate_retention_period
+from .workflow import Workflow
+
+__all__ = [
+    "InternalEndureClient",
+    "ServiceRegistry",
+    "validate_retention_period",
+    "Workflow",
+]
diff --git a/src/app/_internal/internal_client.py b/src/app/_internal/internal_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa01686
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/_internal/internal_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import os
+import logging
+import requests
+from ..types import Log, Response
+
+
+class InternalEndureClient:
+
+    _base_url = os.getenv("DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def send_log(self, execution_id: str, log: Log, action_name: str):
+        """
+        Sends a log message to the Durable Execution Engine.
+
+        Args:
+            execution_id (str): The ID of the execution context.
+            log (Log): The log message object to send.
+            action_name (str): The name of the action.
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: A dictionary containing the response from the Durable Execution Engine.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL is not set or if required parameters are missing.
+            requests.exceptions.HTTPError: If the request fails.
+        """  # noqa: E501
+        try:
+            if not self._base_url:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL is not set in environment variables."
+                )
+
+            if not log or not action_name:
+                raise ValueError("log and action_name must be provided.")
+
+            url = (
+                f"{self._base_url}/executions/{execution_id}/log/{action_name}"
+            )
+            headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+            payload = log.to_dict()
+            response = requests.patch(url, headers=headers, json=payload)
+            response.raise_for_status()
+            try:
+                response_payload = response.json()
+            except ValueError:
+                response_payload = {}
+            response = Response(
+                status_code=response.status_code,
+                payload=response_payload,
+            )
+        except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
+            try:
+                error_payload = e.response.json()
+            except Exception:
+                error_payload = {}
+            response = Response(
+                status_code=e.response.status_code,
+                payload=error_payload,
+            )
+        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+            logging.error(
+                "Engine is unreachable. Aborting retries: {}".format(e)
+            )
+            raise e
+        return response.to_dict()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def mark_execution_as_running(self, execution_id: str):
+        """
+        Marks an execution as running in the Durable Execution Engine.
+
+        Args:
+            execution_id (str): The ID of the execution context.
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: A dictionary containing the response from the Durable Execution Engine.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL is not set or if execution_id is missing.
+            requests.exceptions.HTTPError: If the request fails.
+        """
+        try:
+            if not self._base_url:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL is not set in environment variables."
+                )
+            url = f"{self._base_url}/executions/{execution_id}/started"
+            headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+            response = requests.patch(url, headers=headers)
+            response.raise_for_status()
+            response = Response(
+                status_code=response.status_code,
+            )
+        except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
+            response = Response(
+                status_code=e.response.status_code,
+            )
+        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+            logging.error(
+                "Engine is unreachable. Aborting retries: {}".format(e)
+            )
+            raise e
+        return response.to_dict()
diff --git a/src/app/_internal/service_registry.py b/src/app/_internal/service_registry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc1e669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/_internal/service_registry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+from typing import Dict, List
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter
+
+from .workflow import Workflow
+
+
+class ServiceRegistry:
+    """
+    Singleton class for managing durable workflow services and their API routes in FastAPI.
+    Each service can contain multiple workflows, and each workflow gets its own API endpoint
+    for execution.
+
+    Attributes:
+        _instance (ServiceRegistry): The singleton instance of the registry.
+        _services (Dict[str, List[Workflow]]): Mapping of service names to lists of registered workflows.
+        _router (APIRouter): FastAPI router containing dynamically registered workflow endpoints.
+
+    Methods:
+        __new__(cls): Creates or returns the singleton instance.
+        register_workflow(service_name: str, workflow: Workflow): Registers a workflow under a service.
+        register_workflow_in_router(service_name: str, workflow: Workflow): Creates an API endpoint for the workflow.
+        get_services() -> Dict[str, List[Workflow]]: Returns a copy of registered services and workflows.
+        get_router() -> APIRouter: Returns the router with all workflow endpoints.
+        clear(): Resets the registry to its initial state.
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    _instance = None
+    _services: Dict[str, List[Workflow]]
+    _router: APIRouter
+
+    def __new__(cls):
+        """
+        Implements the singleton pattern, ensuring only one instance of ServiceRegistry exists.
+        Creates and initializes the instance if it doesn't exist, otherwise returns the existing instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            ServiceRegistry: The singleton instance of the registry.
+        """
+        if cls._instance is None:
+            cls._instance = super(ServiceRegistry, cls).__new__(cls)
+            cls._instance._services = {}
+            cls._instance._router = APIRouter()
+        return cls._instance
+
+    def register_workflow(self, service_name: str, workflow: Workflow):
+        """
+        Registers a workflow under the specified service name. If the service doesn't exist,
+        it will be created. Prevents duplicate workflow names within the same service.
+
+        Args:
+            service_name (str): Name of the service to register the workflow under.
+            workflow (Workflow): The workflow instance to register.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If service_name is empty or not a string,
+                       if workflow is None or not a Workflow instance,
+                       or if a workflow with the same name already exists in the service.
+        """
+        if not service_name or not isinstance(service_name, str):
+            raise ValueError("Service name must be a non-empty string")
+        if not workflow or not isinstance(workflow, Workflow):
+            raise ValueError("Workflow must be a valid Workflow instance")
+
+        if service_name not in self._services:
+            self._services[service_name] = []
+
+        # checks for duplicate workflow names within the service
+        if any(w.name == workflow.name for w in self._services[service_name]):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Workflow with name '{workflow.name}' already exists in service '{service_name}'"
+            )
+
+        self._services[service_name].append(workflow)
+
+    def register_workflow_in_router(
+        self, service_name: str, workflow: Workflow
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates an API endpoint for the workflow under the given service name.
+        The endpoint will be available at /execute/{service_name}/{workflow.name}
+        and will accept POST requests.
+
+        Args:
+            service_name (str): The service name to use in the endpoint path.
+            workflow (Workflow): The workflow whose handler will be registered.
+        """
+        self._router.add_api_route(
+            f"/execute/{service_name}/{workflow.name}",
+            workflow.get_handler_route(),
+            methods=["POST"],
+        )
+
+    def get_services(self) -> Dict[str, List[Workflow]]:
+        """
+        Returns a shallow copy of the services dictionary to prevent direct modification
+        of the internal state.
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict[str, List[Workflow]]: A copy of the mapping between service names and their workflows.
+        """
+        return self._services.copy()
+
+    def get_router(self) -> APIRouter:
+        """
+        Returns the FastAPI router containing all registered workflow endpoints.
+
+        Returns:
+            APIRouter: The router with all workflow endpoints.
+        """
+        return self._router
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Resets the registry to its initial state by:
+        - Clearing all registered services
+        - Creating a new empty router
+        - Resetting the singleton instance
+        - Creating a new instance
+
+        This is primarily useful for testing purposes.
+        """
+        self._services.clear()
+        self._router = APIRouter()
+        self.__class__._instance = None
+        self.__class__()
diff --git a/src/app/_internal/utils.py b/src/app/_internal/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54c77fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/_internal/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+def validate_retention_period(retention: int) -> None:
+    """
+    Validate that the retention period is a non-negative integer.
+
+    Args:
+        retention (int): The retention period in days.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the retention period is not a non-negative integer.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(retention, int):
+        raise ValueError("Retention period must be an integer.")
+    if retention < 0:
+        raise ValueError("Retention period must be a non-negative integer.")
+    if retention > 30:
+        raise ValueError("Retention period cannot exceed 30 days.")
diff --git a/src/app/_internal/workflow.py b/src/app/_internal/workflow.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7ac68d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/_internal/workflow.py
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+import asyncio
+import requests
+from typing import Any, Callable, Union, get_type_hints, get_origin, get_args
+
+from fastapi import Request, status, HTTPException, types
+from pydantic import ValidationError
+
+from app.workflow_context import WorkflowContext
+
+from .internal_client import InternalEndureClient
+from ..types import EndureException
+
+
+class Workflow:
+    """
+    Represents a workflow function that can be executed through a FastAPI endpoint.
+
+    A Workflow encapsulates a Python function and manages its execution through the durable
+    execution engine. It extracts detailed type information from the function signature,
+    including support for complex types like Unions, generics, and user-defined classes,
+    and provides a FastAPI-compatible handler route with comprehensive error handling.
+
+    Attributes:
+        func (Callable): The workflow function to be executed.
+        name (str): The name of the workflow (derived from function name).
+        retention_period (int, optional): Number of days to retain workflow execution history.
+        input (Any): Structured description of the input type (derived from type hints).
+        output (Any): Structured description of the return type (derived from type hints).
+
+    Example:
+        @workflow
+        def process_data(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: dict[str, int]) -> list[str]:
+            # This will be wrapped in a Workflow instance with:
+            # - name: "process_data"
+            # - input: "dict[str, int]"
+            # - output: "list[str]"
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    def __init__(self, func: Callable, retention_period: int = None):
+        """
+        Initialize a new Workflow instance.
+
+        Args:
+            func (Callable): The workflow function to wrap. Must have exactly two parameters:
+                          - ctx: WorkflowContext - The workflow execution context
+                          - input: Any - The input parameter with optional type annotation
+                          The function can be either synchronous or asynchronous.
+            retention_period (int, optional): Number of days to retain workflow execution
+                                            history and state. Default is None.
+
+        Note:
+            The function's type hints are used to generate input/output type descriptions,
+            falling back to Any if no type hints are provided.
+        """  # noqa: E501
+        self.func = func
+        self.name = func.__name__
+        self.retention_period = retention_period
+        self.input, self.output = self._get_io(func)
+
+    def _get_type_description(self, typ):
+        """
+        Recursively analyze a type annotation and convert it to a structured description.
+        Handles complex Python type hints including:
+        - Basic types (int, str, etc.)
+        - Unions (Union[A, B] or A | B)
+        - Optional types (Optional[T] or T | None)
+        - Generic containers (list[T], dict[K, V])
+        - User-defined classes (converted to field dictionaries)
+
+        Args:
+            typ: The type to analyze (can be a type hint, class, or Any)
+
+        Returns:
+            Union[str, dict]: A string for simple types or a dict for complex types,
+                            representing the structure of the type.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> _get_type_description(dict[str, list[int]])
+            "dict[str, list[int]]"
+            >>> _get_type_description(Optional[MyClass])
+            "MyClass | None"
+        """
+        if typ is Any:
+            return "Any"
+
+        if typ is type(None):
+            return "None"
+
+        origin = get_origin(typ)
+        args = get_args(typ)
+
+        # Union and | (UnionType in Python 3.10+)
+        if origin in (Union, types.UnionType):
+            type_names = [self._get_type_description(arg) for arg in args]
+            return " | ".join(
+                sorted(type_names, key=lambda x: (x == "None", x))
+            )
+
+        # Case: User-defined class
+        if hasattr(typ, "__annotations__") and not origin:
+            fields = getattr(typ, "__annotations__", {})
+            return {
+                name: self._get_type_description(t)
+                for name, t in fields.items()
+            }
+
+        # Case: Generic container like list[Class], dict[str, Class], etc.
+        if origin:
+            origin_name = (
+                origin.__name__ if hasattr(origin, "__name__") else str(origin)
+            )
+
+            # Special case: dict[str, SomeClass]
+            if origin is dict and len(args) == 2:
+                key_type = self._get_type_description(args[0])
+                value_type = self._get_type_description(args[1])
+                return f"{origin_name}[{key_type}, {value_type}]"
+
+            # Case: list[SomeClass] or other single-arg generics
+            elif len(args) == 1:
+                inner_type = self._get_type_description(args[0])
+                return f"{origin_name}[{inner_type}]"
+
+            # Fallback for multi-arg generics like tuple[int, str]
+            else:
+                inner_types = [self._get_type_description(arg) for arg in args]
+                return f"{origin_name}[{', '.join(inner_types)}]"
+
+        # Case: Primitive or normal class
+        if isinstance(typ, type):
+            return typ.__name__
+
+        # Fallback: stringify (removes "typing." prefix)
+        return str(typ).replace("typing.", "")
+
+    def _get_io(self, func):
+        """
+        Extracts and analyze input and output type information from the function's type hints.
+
+        Args:
+            func (Callable): The workflow function to analyze.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple: A tuple containing (input_type, output_type), where each is either:
+                  - A string representing a simple type (e.g., "int", "str")
+                  - A string representing a complex type (e.g., "list[int]", "dict[str, MyClass]")
+                  - A dict representing the structure of a user-defined class
+                  If type hints aren't provided, "Any" is used as a fallback.
+
+        Note:
+            Uses _get_type_description to convert raw type hints into structured descriptions.
+        """  # noqa: E501
+        hints = get_type_hints(func)
+        input_type = hints.get("input", Any)
+        output_type = hints.get("return", Any)
+
+        return self._get_type_description(
+            input_type
+        ), self._get_type_description(output_type)
+
+    def get_handler_route(self):
+        """
+        Generate a FastAPI-compatible route handler for the workflow function.
+
+        Creates an async handler that processes incoming requests, sets up the workflow context,
+        marks the execution as running, executes the workflow function, and returns the result.
+
+        Returns:
+            Callable: An async function that can be registered as a FastAPI route handler.
+
+        Request Format:
+            Expects a JSON object with:
+            - execution_id (str): Unique identifier for the workflow execution
+            - input (Any): Input data matching the workflow's input type
+
+        Response Format:
+            Returns a JSON object with:
+            - output (Any): The workflow function's return value
+
+        Error Handling:
+            - HTTP 400: Invalid JSON, missing required fields
+            - HTTP 422: Input validation errors
+            - HTTP 500: Internal server errors
+            - Preserves status codes from EndureException and HTTPException
+            All errors return JSON with 'error' and optional 'details' fields.
+
+        Notes:
+            - Supports both synchronous and asynchronous workflow functions
+            - Automatically marks execution as running via InternalEndureClient
+            - Converts HTTPException to EndureException for consistent error format
+        """  # noqa: E501
+
+        async def handler(request: Request):
+            try:
+                body = await request.json()
+                if not isinstance(body, dict):
+                    raise EndureException(
+                        status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+                        output={"error": "Request body must be a JSON object"},
+                    )
+                if "execution_id" not in body or "input" not in body:
+                    raise EndureException(
+                        status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+                        output={
+                            "error": "Request must include 'execution_id' and 'input' fields"
+                        },
+                    )
+                ctx = WorkflowContext(execution_id=body["execution_id"])
+                InternalEndureClient.mark_execution_as_running(
+                    body["execution_id"]
+                )
+                output = self.func(ctx, body["input"])
+                if asyncio.iscoroutine(output):
+                    output = await output
+                return {"output": output}
+            except ValueError as ve:
+                if isinstance(ve, ValidationError):
+                    raise EndureException(
+                        status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+                        output={
+                            "error": "Validation error",
+                            "details": str(ve),
+                        },
+                    )
+                raise EndureException(
+                    status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+                    output={"error": "Value error", "details": str(ve)},
+                )
+            except HTTPException as he:
+                raise EndureException(
+                    status_code=he.status_code, output={"error": he.detail}
+                )
+            except EndureException as ee:
+                raise ee
+            # in case Engine retruned 400/500 from MarkExecutionAsRunning or Send_Log
+            except requests.exceptions.RequestException as re:
+                raise EndureException(
+                    status_code=re.status_code,
+                    output={"error": re.detail},
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise EndureException(
+                    status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                    output={
+                        "error": "Internal server error",
+                        "details": str(e),
+                    },
+                )
+
+        return handler
diff --git a/src/app/app.py b/src/app/app.py
index f25e34f..f7cc349 100644
--- a/src/app/app.py
+++ b/src/app/app.py
@@ -1,42 +1,85 @@
+from dataclasses import asdict
+
 from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
-from src.app.service_registry import ServiceRegistry
 from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
-from .types import EndureException, ErrorResponse
-from dataclasses import asdict
+
+from app._internal import (
+    ServiceRegistry,
+)
+from app.types import EndureException, ErrorResponse
+
+
 class DurableApp:
     """
-    DurableApp is a wrapper class for a FastAPI application that integrates a service discovery endpoint.
+    A wrapper for FastAPI applications that integrates durable workflow execution capabilities.
+
+    This class provides:
+    1. Service discovery via the "/discover" endpoint
+    2. Automatic workflow route registration
+    3. Centralized error handling for EndureException
+
     Args:
         app (FastAPI): The FastAPI application instance to be wrapped.
+
     Attributes:
         app (FastAPI): The FastAPI application instance.
-    Methods:
-        _discover():
-            Handles GET requests to the "/discover" endpoint.
-            Returns a dictionary containing all registered services and their workflows.
-            Each service includes its name and a list of workflows, where each workflow contains:
-                - name: The workflow's name.
-                - input: The expected input schema or parameters for the workflow.
-                - output: The output schema or result type of the workflow.
-                - idem_retention: The retention policy for idempotency.
-    Usage:
-        Instantiate DurableApp with a FastAPI app to automatically register the "/discover" endpoint for service discovery and add the registered services to the FastAPI router.
-    """
+        serviceRegistry (ServiceRegistry): Registry managing workflow services and routes.
+
+    Features:
+        - Service Discovery: The "/discover" endpoint returns metadata about all registered
+          services and their workflows, including input/output schemas and retention policies.
+        - Error Handling: Converts EndureException to consistent JSON responses.
+        - Route Management: Automatically registers workflow routes from ServiceRegistry.
+
+    Example Response from /discover:
+        {
+            "services": [
+                {
+                    "name": "data_service",
+                    "workflows": [
+                        {
+                            "name": "process_data",
+                            "input": "dict[str, int]",
+                            "output": "list[str]",
+                            "idem_retention": 7
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
     def __init__(self, app):
+        """
+        Initialize the DurableApp wrapper.
+
+        Args:
+            app (FastAPI): The FastAPI application to wrap.
+
+        This method:
+        1. Stores the FastAPI app instance
+        2. Creates a ServiceRegistry instance
+        3. Registers the /discover endpoint
+        4. Includes all workflow routes in the app
+        5. Sets up EndureException handling
+        """
         self.app: FastAPI = app
-        serviceRegistry = ServiceRegistry.get_instance()
-        serviceRegistry.get_router().add_api_route(
+        self.serviceRegistry = ServiceRegistry()
+        self.serviceRegistry.get_router().add_api_route(
             "/discover",
             self._discover,
             methods=["GET"],
         )
-        self.app.include_router(serviceRegistry.get_router())
-        self.app.add_exception_handler(
-            EndureException,
-            self.raise_exception
-        )
-        
+        self.app.include_router(self.serviceRegistry.get_router())
+        self.app.add_exception_handler(EndureException, self.raise_exception)
+
     def _discover(self):
+        """
+        Handle GET requests to the "/discover" endpoint.
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: A dictionary containing all registered services and their workflows.
+        """
         services = self.serviceRegistry.get_services()
         return {
             "services": [
@@ -47,7 +90,7 @@ def _discover(self):
                             "name": workflow.name,
                             "input": workflow.input,
                             "output": workflow.output,
-                            "idem_retention": workflow.retention,
+                            "idem_retention": workflow.retention_period,
                         }
                         for workflow in workflows
                     ],
@@ -55,10 +98,38 @@ def _discover(self):
                 for service_name, workflows in services.items()
             ]
         }
-    
-    async def raise_exception(request: Request, exc: EndureException):
+
+    async def raise_exception(
+        self, request: Request, exc: EndureException, _=None
+    ):
+        """
+        FastAPI exception handler for EndureException.
+
+        This handler converts EndureException instances into consistent JSON responses
+        using the ErrorResponse model.
+
+        Args:
+            request (Request): The FastAPI request object (required by FastAPI).
+            exc (EndureException): The exception to handle. Contains:
+                - status_code: HTTP status code to return
+                - output: Error details to include in response
+            _ (Any, optional): Unused parameter that may be provided by FastAPI.
+
+        Returns:
+            JSONResponse: An error response with:
+                - status_code: From the exception
+                - content: Dict from ErrorResponse including the exception's output
+
+        Example:
+            For an EndureException(status_code=400, output={"error": "Invalid input"}),
+            returns a 400 response with body:
+            {
+                "output": {
+                    "error": "Invalid input"
+                }
+            }
+        """
         return JSONResponse(
             status_code=exc.status_code,
-            content=asdict(ErrorResponse(output=exc.output))
+            content=asdict(ErrorResponse(output=exc.output)),
         )
-    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/app/internal_client.py b/src/app/internal_client.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9935015..0000000
--- a/src/app/internal_client.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-from dataclasses import asdict
-import os
-from types import Log, Response
-import requests 
-
-class InternalEndureClient:
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self._base_url = os.getenv("DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL")
-
-    @classmethod
-    def send_log(self, execution_id: str, log: Log, action_name: str):
-        """
-        Sends a log message to the Durable Execution Engine.
-        
-        Args:
-            execution_id (str): The ID of the execution context.
-            log (dict): The log message to send.
-            action_name (str): The name of the action.
-        """
-        if not self._base_url:
-            raise ValueError("DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL is not set in environment variables.")
-        
-        if not execution_id or not log or not action_name:
-            raise ValueError("execution_id, log, and action_name must be provided.")
-        
-        url = f"{self._base_url}/executions/execution/{execution_id}/log/{action_name}" 
-        headers = {
-            "Content-Type": "application/json"
-        }
-        payload = asdict(log)
-        response = requests.patch(url, headers=headers, json=payload)
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        response = Response(status=response.status_code, payload=response.json())
-        return response.to_dict()
-    
-    @classmethod
-    def mark_execution_as_running(self, execution_id: str):
-        """
-        Marks an execution as running.
-        
-        Args:
-            execution_id (str): The ID of the execution context.
-        """
-        if not self._base_url:
-            raise ValueError("DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL is not set in environment variables.")
-        
-        if not execution_id:
-            raise ValueError("execution_id must be provided.")
-        
-        url = f"{self._base_url}/executions/{execution_id}/started"
-        headers = {
-            "Content-Type": "application/json"
-        }
-        response = requests.patch(url, headers=headers)
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        response = Response(status=response.status_code, payload=response.json())
-        return response.to_dict()
-    
-
-      
-        
-     
-
-
diff --git a/src/app/service.py b/src/app/service.py
index 4b92601..a008d98 100644
--- a/src/app/service.py
+++ b/src/app/service.py
@@ -1,64 +1,136 @@
-from src.app.workflow_context import WorkflowContext
-from .service_registry import ServiceRegistry
-from .workflow import Workflow
-from utils import validate_retention_period , validate_input
+from app._internal import (
+    ServiceRegistry,
+    Workflow,
+    validate_retention_period,
+)
+from app.workflow_context import WorkflowContext
+
+
+class Service:
+    """
+    A service container for registering and managing durable workflows.
+
+    The Service class acts as a namespace for grouping related workflows and provides
+    a decorator interface for registering workflow functions. It integrates with the
+    ServiceRegistry to manage workflow registration and route creation.
+
+    Attributes:
+        name (str): The unique name of the service, used in API endpoint paths.
+        registry (ServiceRegistry): The singleton registry instance managing all services.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from app import Service
+        from app.workflow_context import WorkflowContext
+
+        # Create a service named "order_processing"
+        service = Service("order_processing")
+
+        # Register a workflow in this service
+        @service.workflow(retention=30)
+        def process_order(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            # workflow implementation
+            pass
+
+        # The workflow is now available at:
+        # POST /execute/order_processing/process_order
+        ```
+    """
 
-class Service :
     def __init__(self, name: str):
+        """
+        Initialize a new service with the given name.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): The unique name for this service. This name will be used:
+                       - In the API endpoint paths (/execute/{name}/{workflow})
+                       - In the service discovery endpoint response
+                       - For grouping related workflows
+
+        Note:
+            All services share the same ServiceRegistry instance, ensuring
+            consistent workflow registration across the application.
+        """
         self.name = name
-        
-    def workflow(self,**config):
+        self.registry = ServiceRegistry()
+
+    def workflow(self, **config):
         """
         Decorator that registers a function as a workflow in the service registry.
-        
-        This decorator validates the workflow function signature, creates a Workflow 
-        instance, and registers it with the ServiceRegistry for execution through 
-        the API router.
-        
+
+        This decorator:
+        1. Validates the workflow configuration (e.g., retention period)
+        2. Validates the function signature requirements
+        3. Creates a Workflow instance to wrap the function
+        4. Registers the workflow with the ServiceRegistry
+        5. Creates an API endpoint for the workflow
+
         Args:
             **config: Configuration options for the workflow.
-                - retention (int, optional): Number of days to retain workflow 
-                execution history and state. Must be a positive integer. 
-                Default: 7 days.
-        
+                - retention (int, optional): Number of days to retain workflow
+                  execution history and state. Must be a non-negative integer.
+                  Default: 7 days.
+
         Returns:
-            callable: The original function (unmodified), which can now be executed 
-                    as a registered workflow.
-        
+            callable: The original function (unmodified). The function can still
+                    be called directly, but is now also available via HTTP endpoint.
+
         Raises:
-            ValueError: If the retention period is invalid (not a positive integer).
-            ValueError: If the workflow function doesn't have exactly two parameters
-                    named 'input' and 'ctx'.
-            ValueError: If the 'ctx' parameter isn't annotated with WorkflowContext type.
-        
-        Requirements:
-            - Workflow function must have exactly two parameters: 'input' and 'ctx'
-            - The 'ctx' parameter must be type-annotated as WorkflowContext
-        
+            ValueError: If:
+                - retention period is not a non-negative integer
+                - function doesn't have exactly two parameters named 'input' and 'ctx'
+                - 'ctx' parameter isn't annotated with WorkflowContext type
+
+        Function Requirements:
+            The decorated function must:
+            1. Have exactly two parameters:
+               - input: Any type (with optional type annotation)
+               - ctx: WorkflowContext (must include type annotation)
+            2. Return a value (any type, with optional type annotation)
+            3. Can be sync or async
+
+        API Endpoint:
+            The workflow will be available at:
+            POST /execute/{service_name}/{workflow_name}
+
+            With request body:
+            {
+                "execution_id": str,
+                "input": Any  # Must match the function's input type
+            }
+
         Example:
-            from my_app import Service
-            from src.app.workflow_context import WorkflowContext
-            
-            service = Service("my_service")
-            
+            ```python
+            service = Service("data_processing")
+
             @service.workflow(retention=30)
-            def process_order(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
-        Notes:
-            Once registered, the workflow can be invoked via the API endpoint:
-            POST /execute/{service_name}/{workflow_name}
-        """
+            def process_data(input: dict[str, int], ctx: WorkflowContext) -> list[str]:
+                results = []
+                for key, value in input.items():
+                    # Process data...
+                    results.append(f"{key}: {value}")
+                return results
+            ```
+        """  # noqa: E501
+
         def decorator(func):
-            retention_period = config.get('retention', 7)
+            retention_period = config.get("retention", 7)
             validate_retention_period(retention_period)
-            input_keys = func.__code__.co_varnames[:func.__code__.co_argcount]
-            if ('input' and 'ctx' not in input_keys) or len(input_keys) != 2:
-                raise ValueError("The workflow function must have an 'input' and 'ctx' argument.")
-            if not isinstance(func.__annotations__.get('ctx'), WorkflowContext):
-                raise ValueError("The 'ctx' argument must be of type WorkflowContext.")
+            input_keys = func.__code__.co_varnames[: func.__code__.co_argcount]
+            if (
+                not ("input" in input_keys and "ctx" in input_keys)
+                or len(input_keys) != 2
+            ):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "The workflow function must have an 'input' and 'ctx' argument."
+                )
+            if func.__annotations__.get("ctx") != WorkflowContext:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "The 'ctx' argument must be of type WorkflowContext."
+                )
             workflow = Workflow(func, retention_period)
-            registry = ServiceRegistry.get_instance()
-            registry.register_workflow(self.name, workflow)
-            registry.register_workflow_in_router(self.name, workflow)
+            self.registry.register_workflow(self.name, workflow)
+            self.registry.register_workflow_in_router(self.name, workflow)
             return func
+
         return decorator
-        
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/app/service_registry.py b/src/app/service_registry.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5171e70..0000000
--- a/src/app/service_registry.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Dict, List
-from fastapi import APIRouter
-from .workflow import Workflow
-
-class ServiceRegistry:
-    """
-    Singleton class for managing workflow services and their API routes.
-    Attributes:
-        _instance (ServiceRegistry): The singleton instance of the registry.
-        _services (Dict[str, List[Workflow]]): Mapping of service names to lists of registered workflows.
-        _router (APIRouter): FastAPI router for dynamically registered workflow routes.
-    Methods:
-        __new__(cls):
-            Ensures only one instance of ServiceRegistry exists (singleton pattern).
-        register_workflow(service_name: str, workflow: Workflow):
-            Registers a workflow under the specified service name.
-        register_workflow_in_router(service_name: str, workflow: Workflow):
-            Adds an API route for the workflow under the given service name to the router.
-        get_services() -> Dict[str, List[Workflow]]:
-            Returns the dictionary of registered services and their workflows.
-        get_router() -> APIRouter:
-            Returns the FastAPI router containing all registered workflow routes.
-    """
-    _instance = None
-    _services: Dict[str, List[Workflow]]
-    _router: APIRouter
-
-    def __new__(cls):
-        if cls._instance is None:
-            cls._instance = super(ServiceRegistry, cls).__new__(cls)
-            cls._instance._services = {}
-            cls._instance._router = APIRouter()
-        return cls._instance
-
-    def register_workflow(self, service_name: str, workflow: Workflow):
-        if service_name not in self._services:
-            self._services[service_name] = []
-        self._services[service_name].append(workflow)
-
-    def register_workflow_in_router(self, service_name: str, workflow: Workflow):
-        self._router.add_api_route(
-            f"execute/{service_name}/{workflow.name}",
-            workflow.get_handler_route(),
-            methods=["POST"],
-        )
-            
-    def get_services(self) -> Dict[str, List[Workflow]]:
-        return self._services
-
-    def get_router(self) -> APIRouter:
-        return self._router
-
diff --git a/src/app/types.py b/src/app/types.py
index b47585f..f901a12 100644
--- a/src/app/types.py
+++ b/src/app/types.py
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Optional
 from enum import Enum
-
+from typing import Optional
 
 
 class LogStatus(Enum):
@@ -11,37 +9,59 @@ class LogStatus(Enum):
     COMPLETED = "completed"
     FAILED = "failed"
 
+
 class RetryMechanism(Enum):
     EXPONENTIAL = "exponential"
-    LINEAR    = "linear"
-    CONSTANT   = "constant"
+    LINEAR = "linear"
+    CONSTANT = "constant"
+
+
+def log_to_dict(log: "Log") -> dict:
+    """Convert a Log instance to a dictionary with proper enum handling"""
+    return {
+        "status": log.status.value if log.status else None,
+        "input": log.input,
+        "output": log.output,
+        "max_retries": log.max_retries,
+        "retry_mechanism": (
+            log.retry_mechanism.value if log.retry_mechanism else None
+        ),
+        "timestamp": log.timestamp.isoformat() if log.timestamp else None,
+    }
+
 
 @dataclass
-class Log():
+class Log:
     status: LogStatus
-    input:Optional[dict] = None
+    input: Optional[dict] = None
     output: Optional[dict] = None
     max_retries: Optional[int] = None
-    retry_method: Optional[RetryMechanism] = None
+    retry_mechanism: Optional[RetryMechanism] = None
     timestamp: datetime = field(default_factory=datetime.now)
-    
+
+    def to_dict(self):
+        """Convert Log to a dictionary for JSON serialization"""
+        return log_to_dict(self)
+
+
 @dataclass
-class Response():
-    status: int
+class Response:
+    status_code: int
     payload: Optional[dict] = None
 
     def to_dict(self):
         return {
-            "status": self.status,
-            "payload": self.payload if self.payload is not None else {}
+            "status_code": self.status_code,
+            "payload": (self.payload if self.payload is not None else {}),
         }
 
+
 class EndureException(Exception):
-    def __init__(self,status_code: int , output:any):
+    def __init__(self, status_code: int, output: any):
         self.output = output
         self.status_code = status_code
 
-@dataclass
-class ErrorResponse():
-    output: any 
 
+@dataclass
+class ErrorResponse:
+    output: any
diff --git a/src/app/utils.py b/src/app/utils.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ec4a5c1..0000000
--- a/src/app/utils.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-
-
-def validate_retention_period(retention_period: str):
-    """
-    Validate the retention period format.
-
-    Args:
-        retention_period (str): The retention period string to validate.
-
-    Returns:
-        None: If the retention period is valid.
-    """
-    if retention_period < 0:
-        raise ValueError("Retention must be a non-negative integer.")
-    if retention_period > 30:
-        raise ValueError("Retention must be less than or equal to 30.")
-    if not isinstance(retention_period, int):
-        raise TypeError("Retention must be an integer.")
-    
diff --git a/src/app/workflow.py b/src/app/workflow.py
deleted file mode 100644
index de6b41a..0000000
--- a/src/app/workflow.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Callable, get_type_hints, Any
-from fastapi import Request, HTTPException, status
-from pydantic.typing import create_model
-import asyncio
-from pydantic import ValidationError, create_model
-from .workflow_context import WorkflowContext
-from .internal_client import InternalEndureClient
-from .types import EndureException
-class Workflow:
-    """
-    Represents a workflow function that can be executed through a FastAPI endpoint.
-    
-    A Workflow encapsulates a function and manages its execution through the durable
-    execution engine. It extracts type information from the function signature
-    and provides a FastAPI-compatible handler route.
-    
-    Attributes:
-        func (Callable): The workflow function to be executed.
-        name (str): The name of the workflow (derived from function name).
-        retention_period (int, optional): Number of days to retain workflow execution history.
-        input (Any): The input type of the workflow function (from type hints).
-        output (Any): The return type of the workflow function (from type hints).
-    """
-    def __init__(self, func: Callable, retention_period: int = None):
-        """
-        Initialize a new Workflow instance.
-        
-        Args:
-            func (Callable): The workflow function to wrap. Must have parameters
-                             'input' and 'ctx' where 'ctx' is a WorkflowContext.
-            retention_period (int, optional): Number of days to retain workflow execution
-                                            history and state. Default is None.
-        """
-        self.func = func
-        self.name = func.__name__
-        self.retention_period = retention_period
-        self.input, self.output = self._get_io(func)
-
-    def _get_io(self, func):
-        """
-        Extract input and output type information from the function's type hints.
-        
-        Args:
-            func (Callable): The workflow function to analyze.
-            
-        Returns:
-            tuple: A tuple containing (input_type, output_type). If type hints
-                  aren't provided, Any is used as a fallback.
-        """
-        hints = get_type_hints(func)
-        return hints.get('input', Any) , hints.get('return', Any)
-
-    def get_handler_route(self):
-        """
-        Generate a FastAPI-compatible route handler for the workflow function.
-        
-        Creates a dynamic Pydantic model for request validation and an async handler
-        that processes incoming requests, sets up the workflow context, executes
-        the workflow function, and returns the result.
-        
-        Returns:
-            Callable: An async function that can be registered as a FastAPI route handler.
-            
-        Raises:
-            HTTPException: With status code 400 for validation errors or 500 for
-                          other exceptions during handler creation or execution.
-        
-        Notes:
-            - The handler expects a JSON request with 'execution_id' and 'input' fields.
-            - Both synchronous and asynchronous workflow functions are supported.
-        """
-        FullRequest = create_model(
-            f"{self.name}Request",
-            execution_id=(str, ...),
-            input=(self.input, ...)
-        )
-        async def handler(request: Request):
-            try:
-                body = await request.json()
-                full = FullRequest(**body)
-                ctx = WorkflowContext(execution_id=full.execution_id)
-                InternalEndureClient.mark_execution_as_running(self.execution_id)
-                result = self.func(ctx, full.input)
-                if asyncio.iscoroutine(result):
-                    result = await result
-                return {"output": result}
-            except ValidationError as ve:
-                print(f"Validation error: {ve}")
-                raise EndureException(
-                    status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
-                    output={"error": "Validation error", "details": ve.errors()}
-                )
-            except Exception as e:
-                print(f"Error in workflow handler: {e}")
-                raise EndureException(
-                    status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                    output={"error": "Internal server error", "details": str(e)}
-                )
-        return handler
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/app/workflow_context.py b/src/app/workflow_context.py
index 0e535fc..98ca83b 100644
--- a/src/app/workflow_context.py
+++ b/src/app/workflow_context.py
@@ -1,105 +1,215 @@
-from fastapi import HTTPException
-from src.app.internal_client import InternalEndureClient
-from src.app.types import Log, LogStatus, RetryMechanism
-from fastapi import status 
-from datetime import datetime
 import time
+import logging
+import asyncio
+from fastapi import status
+import requests
+from app._internal.internal_client import (
+    InternalEndureClient,
+)
+from app.types import (
+    Log,
+    LogStatus,
+    RetryMechanism,
+    EndureException,
+)
+from pydantic import ValidationError
+
+
 class WorkflowContext:
     """
     Provides context for workflow execution and durable action management.
-    
+
     This class serves as the bridge between workflow functions and the durable execution
-    engine. It provides mechanisms for executing actions with durability guarantees,
-    including automatic retry logic and execution state tracking.
-    
+    engine, providing exactly-once execution semantics for workflow actions. It manages:
+    - Action execution state tracking
+    - Automatic retries with configurable mechanisms
+    - Idempotency through result caching
+    - Communication with the durable execution engine
+
     Attributes:
-        execution_id (str): The unique identifier for the workflow execution.
+        execution_id (str): The unique identifier for the workflow execution,
+                          used to correlate all actions within a workflow.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        @service.workflow()
+        def process_order(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            # Execute an action with retry capability
+            result = ctx.execute_action(
+                action=process_payment,
+                input_data={"amount": 100},
+                max_retries=3,
+                retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL_BACKOFF
+            )
+            return result
+        ```
     """
-    def __init__(self,execution_id: str):
+
+    def __init__(self, execution_id: str):
         """
         Initialize a new workflow context.
-        
+
         Args:
             execution_id (str): The unique identifier for this workflow execution.
-                               Used for tracking and correlating actions.
+                              This ID is used to:
+                              - Track action execution states
+                              - Correlate logs in the durable engine
+                              - Enable idempotent execution
+                              - Manage retries across process restarts
         """
         self.execution_id = execution_id
-        
-    def execute_action(self, action: callable, input_data , max_retries: int , retry_mechanism: RetryMechanism) -> any:
+
+    async def execute_action(
+        self,
+        action: callable,
+        input_data,
+        max_retries: int,
+        retry_mechanism: RetryMechanism,
+    ) -> any:
         """
-        Execute an action with durability guarantees.
-        
-        This method provides durability by tracking action execution state in the
-        durable execution engine. It handles automatic retries based on the configured
-        retry mechanism and ensures exactly-once execution semantics.
-        
-        Execution Flow:
-        1. Logs the start of the action execution to the engine
-        2. Executes the action with the provided input
-        3. Logs success/failure of the action
-        4. Handles retries according to the retry mechanism if failures occur
-        5. Returns the action result or cached result from previous execution
-        
+        Execute an action with durability guarantees and automatic retry capabilities.
+
+        This method ensures exactly-once execution semantics by:
+        1. Logging action state to the durable engine
+        2. Handling idempotency checks
+        3. Managing retries with configurable backoff
+        4. Preserving execution results
+
+        Execution States:
+        - STARTED: Initial action execution attempt
+        - COMPLETED: Successful execution
+        - FAILED: Failed attempt, may trigger retry
+
+        Retry Behavior:
+        - Retries are managed by the durable engine
+        - Sleep duration between retries is determined by retry_mechanism
+        - Retries continue until success or max_retries is reached
+
         Args:
-            action (callable): The function to execute.
-            input_data: The input data to pass to the action function.
-            max_retries (int): Maximum number of retry attempts for the action.
-            retry_mechanism (RetryMechanism): Strategy to use for retrying failed actions.
-                                             Controls backoff timing and behavior.
-        
+            action (callable): The function to execute. Must accept input_data as its only parameter.
+            input_data: The input to pass to the action function. Will be preserved for retries.
+            max_retries (int): Maximum number of retry attempts after initial failure.
+            retry_mechanism (RetryMechanism): Strategy for timing retries:
+                                            - LINEAR_BACKOFF
+                                            - EXPONENTIAL_BACKOFF
+                                            etc.
+
         Returns:
-            any: The result of the action execution, or the cached result if the
-                 action was already executed successfully.
-        
+            any: Either:
+                - The result of a successful action execution
+                - The cached result if action was previously completed
+                - Empty dict if no result available but marked complete
+
         Raises:
-            RuntimeError: If the action execution fails and cannot be retried,
-                         or if there are issues with the execution engine.
-        
-        Notes:
-            - The method communicates with the durable execution engine to ensure
-              the action is executed exactly once, even across process restarts.
-            - If the action was already successfully executed (idempotency), the
-              cached result is returned without re-executing the action.
-            - For failed actions, retry timing is controlled by the execution engine
-              based on the specified retry mechanism.
-        """
-        try:
-            log = Log(status=LogStatus.STARTED, input=input_data, retry_mechanism=retry_mechanism, max_retries=max_retries)
-            engine_response = InternalEndureClient.send_log(self.execution_id , log , action.__name__)
-            if not engine_response:
-                raise RuntimeError("Failed to mark execution as running.")        
-            status_code = engine_response.status_code
-            match status_code:
-                case status.HTTP_201_CREATED | status.HTTP_200_OK:
-                    result = action(input_data)
-                    log = Log(status=LogStatus.COMPLETED, output=result)
-                    InternalEndureClient.send_log(self.execution_id, log, action.__name__)
-                    return result 
-                case status.HTTP_208_ALREADY_REPORTED:
-                    output = engine_response.payload.get("output")
-                    return output if output else {}
-                
-        except HTTPException as e:
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Action execution failed: {str(e)} , status code: {e.status_code}") 
-                
-        except Exception as e:
-            log = Log(status=LogStatus.FAILED, output={"error": str(e)})
-            engine_response = InternalEndureClient.send_log(self.execution_id, log, action.__name__)
-            status_code = engine_response.status_code
-            # Retry logic based on the retry mechanism
-            while status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK:
-                try:
-                    retry_at_unix = engine_response.payload.get("retry_at")
-                    if retry_at_unix:
-                        sleep_seconds = retry_at_unix - time.time()
-                        if sleep_seconds > 0:
-                            time.sleep(sleep_seconds)
-                    result = action(input_data)
-                    log = Log(status=LogStatus.COMPLETED, output=result)
-                    InternalEndureClient.send_log(self.execution_id, log, action.__name__)
-                    return result
-                except Exception as e:
-                    log = Log(status=LogStatus.FAILED, output={"error": str(e)})
-                    engine_response = InternalEndureClient.send_log(self.execution_id, log, action.__name__)
-                    status_code = engine_response.status_code
+            RuntimeError: If:
+                - Engine communication fails
+                - Action fails and max retries are exhausted
+                - retry_at time is missing from engine response
+                - Any unhandled exception during execution
+
+        Communication with Engine:
+        - Uses InternalEndureClient.send_log for state updates
+        - Recognizes response codes:
+            - 201/200: Continue execution
+            - 208: Return cached result
+            - Other: Error condition
 
+        Example:
+            ```python
+            def process_payment(input_data: dict) -> dict:
+                # Process payment logic
+                return {"status": "success"}
+
+            # In a workflow function:
+            result = ctx.execute_action(
+                action=process_payment,
+                input_data={"amount": 100},
+                max_retries=3,
+                retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL_BACKOFF
+            )
+            ```
+        """
+        log = Log(
+            status=LogStatus.STARTED,
+            input=input_data,
+            retry_mechanism=retry_mechanism,
+            max_retries=max_retries,
+        )
+        engine_response = InternalEndureClient.send_log(
+            self.execution_id, log, action.__name__
+        )
+        if not engine_response:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Base URL is not set in environment variables or missing required parameters (log or action_name)."
+            )
+        status_code = engine_response["status_code"]
+        match status_code:
+            case status.HTTP_201_CREATED | status.HTTP_200_OK:
+                attempt = 0
+                while attempt <= max_retries:
+                    try:
+                        try:
+                            if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(action):
+                                result = await action(input_data)
+                            else:
+                                result = action(input_data)
+                        except (ValueError, ValidationError) as e:
+                            InternalEndureClient.send_log(
+                                self.execution_id,
+                                Log(
+                                    status=LogStatus.FAILED,
+                                    output={"error": str(e)},
+                                ),
+                                action.__name__,
+                            )
+                            logging.info(
+                                f"WORKFLOW DEBUG: About to raise exception of type {type(e)}: {e}"
+                            )
+                            raise
+                        log = Log(
+                            status=LogStatus.COMPLETED,
+                            output=result,
+                        )
+                        InternalEndureClient.send_log(
+                            self.execution_id,
+                            log,
+                            action.__name__,
+                        )
+                        return result
+                    except (
+                        ValueError,
+                        ValidationError,
+                        requests.exceptions.RequestException,
+                    ) as e:
+                        logging.debug(
+                            f"DEBUG: Caught exception of type {type(e)}: {e}"
+                        )
+                        raise
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        if attempt == max_retries:
+                            raise EndureException(
+                                status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                                output={
+                                    "error": str(
+                                        "Action failed after reaching max retries"
+                                    )
+                                },
+                            )
+                        log = Log(
+                            status=LogStatus.FAILED,
+                            output={"error": str(e)},
+                        )
+                        engine_response = InternalEndureClient.send_log(
+                            self.execution_id, log, action.__name__
+                        )
+                        attempt += 1
+                        retry_at_unix = engine_response.get("payload", {}).get(
+                            "retry_at"
+                        )
+                        if retry_at_unix:
+                            sleep_seconds = retry_at_unix - time.time()
+                            if sleep_seconds > 0:
+                                time.sleep(sleep_seconds)
+            case status.HTTP_208_ALREADY_REPORTED:
+                output = engine_response.get("payload", {}).get("output")
+                return output if output else {}
diff --git a/test/test_initial.py b/test/test_initial.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 603860f..0000000
--- a/test/test_initial.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-def test_dummy():
-    assert True
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/__init__.py b/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7200e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import os
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock, patch
+from app import (
+    DurableApp,
+    Service,
+    WorkflowContext,
+    Log,
+    LogStatus,
+    RetryMechanism,
+    Response,
+)
+from app._internal import InternalEndureClient, ServiceRegistry
+
+
+def setup_module(module):
+    """Setup module-level test environment"""
+    os.environ["DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL"] = "http://test-engine:8000"
+    InternalEndureClient._base_url = "http://test-engine:8000"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def cleanup_test_env():
+    """Setup and cleanup test environment for each test"""
+    os.environ["DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL"] = "http://test-engine:8000"
+    InternalEndureClient._base_url = "http://test-engine:8000"
+
+    yield
+
+    if "DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL" in os.environ:
+        del os.environ["DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL"]
+    InternalEndureClient._base_url = None
+
+
+# This fixture provides a fresh App instance for each test that needs it
+@pytest.fixture
+def app():
+    app_instance = DurableApp()
+    yield app_instance
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def service():
+    service_instance = Service()
+    yield service_instance
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def workflow_context():
+    context = WorkflowContext("test-execution-id")
+    yield context
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_internal_client():
+    """Mock both requests and InternalEndureClient to prevent real HTTP calls"""
+    http_response = Mock()
+    http_response.status_code = 201
+    http_response.json.return_value = {}
+
+    # Blocking actual HTTP requests by mocking requests.patch
+    with patch("requests.patch", return_value=http_response):
+        with patch(
+            "app._internal.workflow.InternalEndureClient"
+        ) as MockClient:
+            MockClient.send_log = Mock()
+            MockClient.send_log.side_effect = [
+                Response(status_code=201, payload={}).to_dict(),
+                Response(status_code=200, payload={}).to_dict(),
+            ]
+        yield MockClient
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def mock_request():
+    mock = AsyncMock()
+    mock.json = AsyncMock()
+    return mock
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_action():
+    def action(input_data):
+        return {"result": input_data}
+
+    return action
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_log():
+    return Log(
+        status=LogStatus.STARTED,
+        input={"test": "data"},
+        max_retries=3,
+        retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def clear_registry():
+    """Clear the registry before each test"""
+    registry = ServiceRegistry()
+    registry.clear()
+    yield
+    registry.clear()
diff --git a/tests/internal/__init__.py b/tests/internal/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/internal/test_internal_client.py b/tests/internal/test_internal_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7aa0de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/internal/test_internal_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+import os
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import patch
+from fastapi import status
+
+
+from app._internal.internal_client import InternalEndureClient
+from app.types import Log, LogStatus, Response
+
+
+class TestInternalClient:
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def mock_response(self):
+        return Response(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED,
+            payload={"message": "Log sent successfully"},
+        )
+
+    def test_send_log_success(self, sample_log, mock_response):
+        """Test successful log sending with proper response handling"""
+        with patch("requests.patch") as mock_patch:
+            mock_patch.return_value.status_code = status.HTTP_201_CREATED
+            mock_patch.return_value.json.return_value = mock_response.payload
+
+            result = InternalEndureClient.send_log(
+                execution_id="test-execution-id",
+                log=sample_log,
+                action_name="test_action",
+            )
+
+            mock_patch.assert_called_once()
+            call_args = mock_patch.call_args
+            assert (
+                call_args[0][0]
+                == f"{InternalEndureClient._base_url}/executions/test-execution-id/log/test_action"
+            )
+            assert call_args[1]["headers"] == {
+                "Content-Type": "application/json"
+            }
+            assert call_args[1]["json"] == sample_log.to_dict()
+
+            assert result["status_code"] == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
+            assert result["payload"] == mock_response.payload
+
+    def test_send_log_missing_env_var(self):
+        """Test error handling when DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL is not set"""
+        # temporarily remove the environment variable for this test
+        original_url = os.environ.pop("DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL", None)
+        original_base_url = InternalEndureClient._base_url
+        InternalEndureClient._base_url = None
+
+        try:
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+                InternalEndureClient.send_log(
+                    execution_id="test-execution-id",
+                    log=Log(status=LogStatus.STARTED),
+                    action_name="test_action",
+                )
+            assert "DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL is not set" in str(exc_info.value)
+        finally:
+            # restoring the environment variable and base_url
+            if original_url:
+                os.environ["DURABLE_ENGINE_BASE_URL"] = original_url
+            InternalEndureClient._base_url = original_base_url
+
+    def test_send_log_invalid_inputs(self):
+        """Test error handling for invalid input parameters"""
+        # none log
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            InternalEndureClient.send_log(
+                execution_id="test-execution-id",
+                log=None,
+                action_name="test_action",
+            )
+        assert "log and action_name must be provided" in str(exc_info.value)
+
+        # empty action_name
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            InternalEndureClient.send_log(
+                execution_id="test-execution-id",
+                log=Log(status=LogStatus.STARTED),
+                action_name="",
+            )
+        assert "log and action_name must be provided" in str(exc_info.value)
+
+    def test_send_log_http_error(self, sample_log):
+        """Test handling of HTTP errors from the engine"""
+        with patch("requests.patch") as mock_patch:
+            mock_patch.side_effect = Exception("HTTP Error")
+
+            with pytest.raises(Exception) as exc_info:
+                InternalEndureClient.send_log(
+                    execution_id="test-execution-id",
+                    log=sample_log,
+                    action_name="test_action",
+                )
+            assert "HTTP Error" in str(exc_info.value)
+
+    def test_mark_execution_as_running_success(self):
+        """Test successful execution marking"""
+        with patch("requests.patch") as mock_patch:
+            mock_patch.return_value.status_code = status.HTTP_200_OK
+            mock_patch.return_value.json.return_value = {}
+
+            result = InternalEndureClient.mark_execution_as_running(
+                "test-execution-id"
+            )
+
+            mock_patch.assert_called_once()
+            call_args = mock_patch.call_args
+            assert (
+                call_args[0][0]
+                == f"{InternalEndureClient._base_url}/executions/test-execution-id/started"
+            )
+            assert call_args[1]["headers"] == {
+                "Content-Type": "application/json"
+            }
+
+            assert result["status_code"] == status.HTTP_200_OK
+            assert result["payload"] == {}
+
+    def test_send_log_empty_body(self, sample_log):
+        """Test handling of 200 OK with empty body (non-JSON)."""
+
+        class MockResponse:
+            status_code = 200
+
+            def raise_for_status(self):
+                pass
+
+            def json(self):
+                raise ValueError("No JSON")
+
+        with patch("requests.patch", return_value=MockResponse()):
+            result = InternalEndureClient.send_log(
+                execution_id="test-execution-id",
+                log=sample_log,
+                action_name="test_action",
+            )
+            assert result["status_code"] == 200
+            assert result["payload"] == {}
diff --git a/tests/internal/test_service_registry.py b/tests/internal/test_service_registry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ae179b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/internal/test_service_registry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import pytest
+from app._internal.workflow import Workflow, WorkflowContext
+from app._internal.service_registry import ServiceRegistry
+from typing import Dict
+from fastapi import APIRouter
+
+
+class TestServiceRegistry:
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.registry = ServiceRegistry()
+        yield
+        self.registry.clear()
+
+    def test_register_workflow(self):
+        registry = ServiceRegistry()
+        service_name = "test_service"
+
+        def mock_workflow(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: Dict) -> Dict:
+            return {"result": "success"}
+
+        workflow = Workflow(mock_workflow)
+
+        registry.register_workflow(service_name, workflow)
+
+        services = registry.get_services()
+        assert service_name in services
+        assert len(services[service_name]) == 1
+        assert services[service_name][0].name == mock_workflow.__name__
+
+    def test_register_workflow_in_router(self):
+
+        registry = ServiceRegistry()
+        service_name = "test_service"
+
+        def mock_workflow(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: Dict) -> Dict:
+            return {"result": "success"}
+
+        workflow = Workflow(mock_workflow)
+
+        registry.register_workflow_in_router(service_name, workflow)
+
+        router = registry.get_router()
+        routes = router.routes
+        assert len(routes) == 1
+        assert routes[0].path == f"/execute/{service_name}/{workflow.name}"
+        assert "POST" in routes[0].methods
+
+    def test_get_services(self):
+
+        registry = ServiceRegistry()
+        service_name1 = "service1"
+        service_name2 = "service2"
+
+        def workflow1(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: Dict) -> Dict:
+            return {"result": "success1"}
+
+        def workflow2(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: Dict) -> Dict:
+            return {"result": "success2"}
+
+        w1 = Workflow(workflow1)
+        w2 = Workflow(workflow2)
+
+        registry.register_workflow(service_name1, w1)
+        registry.register_workflow(service_name2, w2)
+
+        services = registry.get_services()
+        assert len(services) == 2
+        assert service_name1 in services
+        assert service_name2 in services
+        assert services[service_name1][0].name == workflow1.__name__
+        assert services[service_name2][0].name == workflow2.__name__
+
+    def test_get_router(self):
+
+        registry = ServiceRegistry()
+        router = registry.get_router()
+
+        assert isinstance(router, APIRouter)
+        assert router == registry._router
+
+    def test_register_invalid_service_name(self):
+        def workflow(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: Dict) -> Dict:
+            return {}
+
+        w = Workflow(workflow)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            ValueError, match="Service name must be a non-empty string"
+        ):
+            self.registry.register_workflow("", w)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            self.registry.register_workflow(None, w)
+
+    def test_register_duplicate_workflow(self):
+        service_name = "test_service"
+
+        def workflow(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: Dict) -> Dict:
+            return {}
+
+        w1 = Workflow(workflow)
+        w2 = Workflow(workflow)
+
+        self.registry.register_workflow(service_name, w1)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            ValueError, match="Workflow with name .* already exists"
+        ):
+            self.registry.register_workflow(service_name, w2)
diff --git a/tests/internal/test_workflow.py b/tests/internal/test_workflow.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74f3c5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/internal/test_workflow.py
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+from typing import Any
+from app._internal.workflow import Workflow
+from app.types import EndureException
+from app.workflow_context import WorkflowContext
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from fastapi import HTTPException
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class InputModel:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    tags: list[str]
+
+
+class OutputModel:
+    success: bool
+    data: dict[str, Any]
+    timestamps: list[int]
+
+    def __init__(self, success=True, data=None, timestamps=None):
+        self.success = success
+        self.data = data or {}
+        self.timestamps = timestamps or []
+
+
+class TestWorkflow:
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def mock_request(self):
+        return AsyncMock()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def sync_workflow(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: dict) -> str:
+        return f"Hello, {input['name']}!"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def typed_workflow(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: dict) -> dict:
+        return {"message": input["name"]}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def async_workflow(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: int) -> int:
+        return input * 2
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def list_workflow(
+        ctx: WorkflowContext, input: list[str]
+    ) -> tuple[int, str]:
+        return (1, "test")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def complex_workflow(
+        ctx: WorkflowContext, input: dict[str, list[int]]
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {"result": [1, 2, 3]}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def class_workflow(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: InputModel) -> OutputModel:
+        return OutputModel()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def nested_class_workflow(
+        ctx: WorkflowContext, input: InputModel
+    ) -> dict[str, OutputModel]:
+        return {"result": OutputModel()}
+
+    class DefaultValueModel:
+        name: str = "default_name"
+        count: int = 0
+        items: list[str] = []
+        options: dict[str, bool] | None = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def default_value_workflow(
+        ctx: WorkflowContext, input: "TestWorkflow.DefaultValueModel"
+    ) -> str:
+        return f"Processed {input.name}"
+
+    def test_workflow_initialization(self):
+        workflow = Workflow(self.sync_workflow)
+        assert workflow.name == "sync_workflow"
+        assert workflow.func == self.sync_workflow
+        assert workflow.retention_period is None
+
+        # Testing with retention period
+        workflow_with_retention = Workflow(
+            self.sync_workflow, retention_period=7
+        )
+        assert workflow_with_retention.retention_period == 7
+
+    def test_get_io_types(self):
+        # Test 1: Basic types (dict)
+        workflow = Workflow(self.typed_workflow)
+        assert workflow.input == "dict"
+        assert workflow.output == "dict"
+
+        # Test 2: Untyped workflow
+        def untyped_workflow(ctx, input):
+            return input
+
+        workflow_untyped = Workflow(untyped_workflow)
+        assert workflow_untyped.input == "Any"
+        assert workflow_untyped.output == "Any"
+
+        # Test 3: Simple type (int)
+        workflow_async = Workflow(self.async_workflow)
+        assert workflow_async.input == "int"
+        assert workflow_async.output == "int"
+
+        # Test 4: Generic types (list and tuple)
+        workflow_list = Workflow(self.list_workflow)
+        assert workflow_list.input == "list[str]"
+        assert workflow_list.output == "tuple[int, str]"
+
+        # Test 5: Nested generic types
+        workflow_complex = Workflow(self.complex_workflow)
+        assert workflow_complex.input == "dict[str, list[int]]"
+        assert workflow_complex.output == "dict[str, Any]"
+
+        # Test 6: Optional types
+        def optional_workflow(
+            ctx: WorkflowContext, input: str | None
+        ) -> list[int] | None:
+            return [1, 2, 3] if input else None
+
+        workflow_optional = Workflow(optional_workflow)
+        assert workflow_optional.input == "str | None"
+        assert workflow_optional.output == "list[int] | None"
+
+    def test_get_io_types_with_classes(self):
+        # Test 7: Class types
+        workflow = Workflow(self.class_workflow)
+        assert workflow.input == {
+            "name": "str",
+            "age": "int",
+            "tags": "list[str]",
+        }
+        assert workflow.output == {
+            "success": "bool",
+            "data": "dict[str, Any]",
+            "timestamps": "list[int]",
+        }
+
+        # Test 8: Nested class types
+        workflow_nested = Workflow(self.nested_class_workflow)
+        assert workflow_nested.input == {
+            "name": "str",
+            "age": "int",
+            "tags": "list[str]",
+        }
+        assert (
+            workflow_nested.output
+            == "dict[str, {'success': 'bool', 'data': 'dict[str, Any]', 'timestamps': 'list[int]'}]"
+        )
+
+    def test_get_io_types_with_defaults(self):
+        # Test 9: Default values in class
+        workflow = Workflow(self.default_value_workflow)
+        assert workflow.input == {
+            "name": "str",
+            "count": "int",
+            "items": "list[str]",
+            "options": "dict[str, bool] | None",
+        }
+        assert workflow.output == "str"
+
+        ctx = WorkflowContext(execution_id="test-id")
+        result = self.default_value_workflow(ctx, self.DefaultValueModel())
+        assert result == "Processed default_name"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_handler_route_successful_execution(
+        self, mock_request, mock_internal_client
+    ):
+        with patch(
+            "app._internal.workflow.InternalEndureClient.mark_execution_as_running"
+        ) as mock_mark_running:
+            workflow = Workflow(self.sync_workflow)
+            handler = workflow.get_handler_route()
+
+            execution_id = "test-execution-id"
+            input_data = {"name": "Farah", "age": 30}
+            mock_request.json.return_value = {
+                "execution_id": execution_id,
+                "input": input_data,
+            }
+
+            result = await handler(mock_request)
+
+            assert result == {"output": "Hello, Farah!"}
+            mock_mark_running.assert_called_once_with(execution_id)
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_handler_route_async_workflow(
+        self, mock_request, mock_internal_client
+    ):
+        with patch(
+            "app._internal.workflow.InternalEndureClient.mark_execution_as_running"
+        ) as mock_mark_running:
+            mock_mark_running.return_value = Response(status_code=200)
+            workflow = Workflow(self.async_workflow)
+            handler = workflow.get_handler_route()
+
+            mock_request.json.return_value = {
+                "execution_id": "test-execution-id",
+                "input": 5,
+            }
+
+            result = await handler(mock_request)
+
+            assert result == {"output": 10}
+            mock_mark_running.assert_called_once_with("test-execution-id")
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_handler_route_execution_error(self, mock_request):
+        def failing_workflow(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: Any):
+            raise ValueError("Workflow execution failed")
+
+        workflow = Workflow(failing_workflow)
+        handler = workflow.get_handler_route()
+
+        mock_request.json.return_value = {
+            "execution_id": "test-execution-id",
+            "input": "test-input",
+        }
+
+        with patch(
+            "app._internal.workflow.InternalEndureClient.mark_execution_as_running"
+        ) as mock_mark_running:
+            mock_mark_running.return_value = None
+            with pytest.raises(EndureException) as exc_info:
+                await handler(mock_request)
+
+            assert exc_info.value.status_code == 400
+            assert exc_info.value.output["error"] == "Value error"
+            assert (
+                "Workflow execution failed" in exc_info.value.output["details"]
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_missing_required_fields(self, mock_request):
+        """Test handling of requests missing required fields."""
+        workflow = Workflow(self.sync_workflow)
+        handler = workflow.get_handler_route()
+
+        mock_request.json.return_value = {}
+
+        with pytest.raises(EndureException) as exc_info:
+            await handler(mock_request)
+
+        assert exc_info.value.status_code == 400
+        assert (
+            exc_info.value.output["error"]
+            == "Request must include 'execution_id' and 'input' fields"
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_invalid_input_type(self, mock_request):
+        """Test handling of invalid input type for workflow."""
+        workflow = Workflow(self.sync_workflow)
+        handler = workflow.get_handler_route()
+
+        with patch(
+            "app._internal.workflow.InternalEndureClient.mark_execution_as_running"
+        ) as mock_mark_running:
+            mock_mark_running.return_value = None
+            mock_request.json.return_value = {
+                "execution_id": "test-id",
+                "input": 123,  # Invalid input type for sync_workflow (expects dict)
+            }
+
+            with pytest.raises(EndureException) as exc_info:
+                await handler(mock_request)
+
+            assert exc_info.value.status_code == 500
+            assert "'int' object is not subscriptable" == str(
+                exc_info.value.output["details"]
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_malformed_json(self, mock_request):
+        """Test handling of malformed JSON in request."""
+        workflow = Workflow(self.sync_workflow)
+        handler = workflow.get_handler_route()
+        mock_request.json.side_effect = ValueError("Invalid JSON format")
+        with pytest.raises(EndureException) as exc_info:
+            await handler(mock_request)
+        assert exc_info.value.status_code == 400
+        assert exc_info.value.output["error"] == "Value error"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_workflow_http_exception(self, mock_request):
+        """Test handling of HTTPException raised from within workflow."""
+
+        async def failing_workflow(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: dict) -> str:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Custom error message")
+
+        workflow = Workflow(failing_workflow)
+        handler = workflow.get_handler_route()
+
+        with patch(
+            "app._internal.workflow.InternalEndureClient.mark_execution_as_running"
+        ) as mock_mark_running:
+            mock_mark_running.return_value = None
+            mock_request.json.return_value = {
+                "execution_id": "test-id",
+                "input": {},
+            }
+
+            with pytest.raises(EndureException) as exc_info:
+                await handler(mock_request)
+
+            assert exc_info.value.status_code == 403
+            assert exc_info.value.output["error"] == "Custom error message"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_workflow_validation_exception(self, mock_request):
+        """Test handling of validation exceptions raised from within workflow."""
+
+        class TestModel(BaseModel):
+            required_field: str
+
+        async def failing_workflow(ctx: WorkflowContext, input: dict) -> str:
+            # This will raise a ValidationError because required_field is missing
+            TestModel(**input)
+            return "should not reach here"
+
+        workflow = Workflow(failing_workflow)
+        handler = workflow.get_handler_route()
+
+        with patch(
+            "app._internal.workflow.InternalEndureClient.mark_execution_as_running"
+        ) as mock_mark_running:
+            mock_mark_running.return_value = None
+            mock_request.json.return_value = {
+                "execution_id": "test-id",
+                "input": {},
+            }
+
+            with pytest.raises(EndureException) as exc_info:
+                await handler(mock_request)
+
+            assert exc_info.value.status_code == 422
+            assert "validation error" in exc_info.value.output["error"].lower()
diff --git a/tests/test_app.py b/tests/test_app.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ea29d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_app.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from app import DurableApp, Service, WorkflowContext, EndureException
+from app._internal import ServiceRegistry
+
+
+class TestApp:
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def setup(self):
+        ServiceRegistry().clear()
+        self.app = FastAPI()
+        self.client = TestClient(self.app)
+
+        self.mark_running_patcher = patch(
+            "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.mark_execution_as_running"
+        )
+        self.send_log_patcher = patch(
+            "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+        )
+
+        self.mock_mark_running = self.mark_running_patcher.start()
+        self.mock_send_log = self.send_log_patcher.start()
+        self.mock_mark_running.return_value = {"status_code": 200}
+        self.mock_send_log.return_value = {"status_code": 200}
+
+        yield
+
+        self.mark_running_patcher.stop()
+        self.send_log_patcher.stop()
+        self.app = None
+        self.durable_app = None
+        self.client = None
+
+    def test_discover_endpoint_returns_correct_format(self):
+
+        test_service = Service("test_service")
+
+        @test_service.workflow(retention=7)
+        def test_workflow(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            return {"result": "test"}
+
+        self.durable_app = DurableApp(self.app)
+
+        response = self.client.get("/discover")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+
+        data = response.json()
+        assert "services" in data
+        assert len(data["services"]) == 1
+
+        service = data["services"][0]
+        assert service["name"] == "test_service"
+        assert len(service["workflows"]) == 1
+
+        workflow = service["workflows"][0]
+        assert workflow["name"] == "test_workflow"
+        assert workflow["input"] == "dict"
+        assert workflow["output"] == "Any"
+        assert workflow["idem_retention"] == 7
+
+    def test_router_registration(self):
+
+        test_service = Service("test_service")
+
+        @test_service.workflow(retention=7)
+        def test_workflow(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            return {"result": "test"}
+
+        # creating DurableApp instance after registering workflows
+        self.durable_app = DurableApp(self.app)
+
+        response = self.client.post(
+            "/execute/test_service/test_workflow",
+            json={"execution_id": "test-123", "input": {"test": "data"}},
+        )
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"output": {"result": "test"}}
+
+    def test_exception_handling(self):
+        test_service = Service("test_service")
+
+        @test_service.workflow(retention=7)
+        def failing_workflow(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            raise EndureException(
+                status_code=400,
+                output={"error": "Test error", "details": "Test details"},
+            )
+
+        self.durable_app = DurableApp(self.app)
+
+        response = self.client.post(
+            "/execute/test_service/failing_workflow",
+            json={"execution_id": "test-123", "input": {"test": "data"}},
+        )
+        assert response.status_code == 400
+        assert response.json() == {
+            "output": {"error": "Test error", "details": "Test details"}
+        }
+
+    def test_multiple_services_and_workflows(self):
+
+        service1 = Service("service1")
+        service2 = Service("service2")
+
+        @service1.workflow(retention=7)
+        def workflow1(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            return {"result": "workflow1"}
+
+        @service1.workflow(retention=14)
+        def workflow2(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            return {"result": "workflow2"}
+
+        @service2.workflow(retention=30)
+        def workflow3(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            return {"result": "workflow3"}
+
+        self.durable_app = DurableApp(self.app)
+
+        response = self.client.get("/discover")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+
+        data = response.json()
+        assert len(data["services"]) == 2
+
+        service1_data = next(
+            s for s in data["services"] if s["name"] == "service1"
+        )
+        assert len(service1_data["workflows"]) == 2
+        workflow_names = {w["name"] for w in service1_data["workflows"]}
+        assert workflow_names == {"workflow1", "workflow2"}
+
+        service2_data = next(
+            s for s in data["services"] if s["name"] == "service2"
+        )
+        assert len(service2_data["workflows"]) == 1
+        assert service2_data["workflows"][0]["name"] == "workflow3"
diff --git a/tests/test_service.py b/tests/test_service.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bc5faf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_service.py
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+import pytest
+from app import WorkflowContext, Service
+from app._internal import ServiceRegistry, Workflow
+
+
+class TestService:
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def service(self):
+        """Create a test service instance"""
+        return Service("test_service")
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def valid_workflow(self):
+        """Create a valid workflow function"""
+
+        def valid_workflow(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            return {"result": input}
+
+        return valid_workflow
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def invalid_workflow_missing_ctx(self):
+        """Create an invalid workflow function missing ctx parameter"""
+
+        def invalid_workflow_1(input: dict):
+            return {"result": input}
+
+        return invalid_workflow_1
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def invalid_workflow_wrong_ctx_type(self):
+        """Create an invalid workflow function with wrong ctx type"""
+
+        def invalid_workflow_2(input: any, ctx: dict):
+            return {"result": input}
+
+        return invalid_workflow_2
+
+    def test_workflow_decorator_valid_signature(self, service, valid_workflow):
+        """Test that a workflow with valid signature is properly registered"""
+
+        service.workflow(retention=30)(valid_workflow)
+
+        registry = ServiceRegistry()
+        services = registry.get_services()
+
+        assert service.name in services
+        workflow_instances = services[service.name]
+        assert len(workflow_instances) == 1
+        workflow_instance = workflow_instances[0]
+        assert isinstance(workflow_instance, Workflow)
+        assert workflow_instance.name == valid_workflow.__name__
+        assert workflow_instance.retention_period == 30
+        assert workflow_instance.func == valid_workflow
+
+    def test_workflow_decorator_default_retention(
+        self, service, valid_workflow
+    ):
+        """Test that default retention period is set when not specified"""
+
+        service.workflow()(valid_workflow)
+
+        registry = ServiceRegistry()
+        services = registry.get_services()
+
+        workflow_instances = services[service.name]
+        assert len(workflow_instances) == 1
+        workflow_instance = workflow_instances[0]
+        assert workflow_instance.retention_period == 7
+
+    def test_workflow_decorator_invalid_retention(
+        self, service, valid_workflow
+    ):
+        """Test that invalid retention period raises ValueError"""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            service.workflow(retention=-1)(valid_workflow)
+        assert "Retention period must be a non-negative integer" in str(
+            exc_info.value
+        )
+
+    def test_workflow_decorator_invalid_signature_missing_ctx(
+        self, service, invalid_workflow_missing_ctx
+    ):
+        """Test that workflow without ctx parameter raises ValueError"""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            service.workflow()(invalid_workflow_missing_ctx)
+        assert (
+            "The workflow function must have an 'input' and 'ctx' argument"
+            in str(exc_info.value)
+        )
+
+    def test_workflow_decorator_invalid_signature_wrong_ctx_type(
+        self, service, invalid_workflow_wrong_ctx_type
+    ):
+        """Test that workflow with wrong ctx type raises ValueError"""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            service.workflow()(invalid_workflow_wrong_ctx_type)
+        assert "The 'ctx' argument must be of type WorkflowContext" in str(
+            exc_info.value
+        )
+
+    def test_workflow_decorator_multiple_workflows(self, service):
+        """Test registering multiple workflows for the same service"""
+
+        def workflow1(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            return {"result": input}
+
+        workflow1.__name__ = "test_workflow_1"
+
+        def workflow2(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            return {"result": input}
+
+        workflow2.__name__ = "test_workflow_2"
+
+        service.workflow(retention=0)(workflow1)
+        service.workflow(retention=20)(workflow2)
+
+        registry = ServiceRegistry()
+        services = registry.get_services()
+
+        assert service.name in services
+        workflow_instances = services[service.name]
+        assert len(workflow_instances) == 2
+
+        workflow_info = [
+            (w.name, w.retention_period) for w in workflow_instances
+        ]
+        assert (workflow1.__name__, 0) in workflow_info
+        assert (workflow2.__name__, 20) in workflow_info
+
+    def test_workflow_decorator_preserves_function(
+        self, service, valid_workflow
+    ):
+        """Test that the decorator preserves the original function"""
+        decorated_workflow = service.workflow()(valid_workflow)
+
+        assert decorated_workflow == valid_workflow
+
+        result = decorated_workflow(
+            {"test": "data"}, WorkflowContext("test-execution-id")
+        )
+        assert result == {"result": {"test": "data"}}
+
+    def test_workflow_decorator_invalid_signature_missing_input(self, service):
+        """Test that workflow without 'input' parameter raises ValueError"""
+
+        def wf_missing_input(foo: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext):
+            return {"result": foo}
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            service.workflow()(wf_missing_input)
+        assert (
+            "The workflow function must have an 'input' and 'ctx' argument"
+            in str(exc_info.value)
+        )
+
+    def test_workflow_decorator_invalid_signature_too_many_args(self, service):
+        """Test that workflow with too many arguments raises ValueError"""
+
+        def wf_too_many_args(input: dict, ctx: WorkflowContext, extra: int):
+            return {"result": input}
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            service.workflow()(wf_too_many_args)
+        assert (
+            "The workflow function must have an 'input' and 'ctx' argument"
+            in str(exc_info.value)
+        )
diff --git a/tests/test_workflow_context.py b/tests/test_workflow_context.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e3bf16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_workflow_context.py
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+from app.types import LogStatus, RetryMechanism, Response
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import patch
+from fastapi import status, HTTPException
+import time
+from pydantic import ValidationError, BaseModel
+import requests
+import asyncio
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_successful_action_execution(workflow_context, sample_action):
+    """Test successful execution of an action with proper logging"""
+    input_data = {"input": "data"}
+    retry_mechanism = RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL
+    max_retries = 3
+
+    mock_started_response = Response(status_code=201, payload={})
+    mock_completed_response = Response(status_code=200, payload={})
+
+    with patch(
+        "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+    ) as mock_send_log:
+        mock_send_log.side_effect = [
+            mock_started_response.to_dict(),
+            mock_completed_response.to_dict(),
+        ]
+
+        await workflow_context.execute_action(
+            action=sample_action,
+            input_data=input_data,
+            max_retries=max_retries,
+            retry_mechanism=retry_mechanism,
+        )
+
+        assert mock_send_log.call_count == 2
+
+        # Verifying the STARTED log
+        started_log_call = mock_send_log.call_args_list[0]
+        assert started_log_call[0][0] == "test-execution-id"
+        assert started_log_call[0][1].status == LogStatus.STARTED
+        assert started_log_call[0][1].input == input_data
+        assert started_log_call[0][1].retry_mechanism == retry_mechanism
+        assert started_log_call[0][1].max_retries == max_retries
+        assert started_log_call[0][2] == sample_action.__name__
+
+        # Verifying the COMPLETED log
+        completed_log_call = mock_send_log.call_args_list[1]
+        assert completed_log_call[0][0] == "test-execution-id"
+        assert completed_log_call[0][1].status == LogStatus.COMPLETED
+        assert completed_log_call[0][1].output == {"result": input_data}
+        assert completed_log_call[0][2] == sample_action.__name__
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_already_executed_action(workflow_context, sample_action):
+    """Test handling of already executed actions"""
+    input_data = {"input": "data"}
+    idempotent_result = {"output": "result"}
+
+    mock_response = Response(
+        status_code=status.HTTP_208_ALREADY_REPORTED, payload=idempotent_result
+    )
+    with patch(
+        "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+    ) as mock_send_log:
+        mock_send_log.return_value = mock_response.to_dict()
+        result = await workflow_context.execute_action(
+            action=sample_action,
+            input_data=input_data,
+            max_retries=3,
+            retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL,
+        )
+        assert result == idempotent_result["output"]
+        assert mock_send_log.call_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_action_with_retry_success(workflow_context):
+    """Test action that fails with a generic Exception
+    (not ValueError/ValidationError) and succeeds after retry."""
+    input_data = {"input": "data"}
+    action_result = {"result": "processed data"}
+    attempt_count = 0
+
+    class CustomException(Exception):
+        pass
+
+    def failing_action(input_data):
+        nonlocal attempt_count
+        attempt_count += 1
+        if attempt_count == 1:
+            raise CustomException("First attempt fails")
+        return action_result
+
+    retry_time = time.time()
+    mock_responses = [
+        Response(status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, payload={}),
+        Response(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK, payload={"retry_at": retry_time}
+        ),
+        Response(status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK, payload={}),
+    ]
+    with patch(
+        "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+    ) as mock_send_log:
+        mock_send_log.side_effect = [r.to_dict() for r in mock_responses]
+        result = await workflow_context.execute_action(
+            action=failing_action,
+            input_data=input_data,
+            max_retries=3,
+            retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL,
+        )
+        assert result == action_result
+        assert attempt_count == 2
+        assert mock_send_log.call_count == 3
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_action_with_http_exception(workflow_context, sample_action):
+    """Test that HTTPException from the engine is re-raised immediately (not retried)."""
+    with patch(
+        "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+    ) as mock_send_log:
+        mock_send_log.side_effect = HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST, detail="Bad request"
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+            await workflow_context.execute_action(
+                action=sample_action,
+                input_data={"test": "data"},
+                max_retries=3,
+                retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL,
+            )
+        assert exc_info.value.status_code == status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
+        assert exc_info.value.detail == "Bad request"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_action_exhausts_retries(workflow_context):
+    """Test that a generic Exception (not ValueError/ValidationError) after all retries raises EndureException."""
+
+    class CustomException(Exception):
+        pass
+
+    def failing_action(input_data):
+        raise CustomException("Always fails")
+
+    retry_time = time.time()
+    mock_responses = [
+        Response(status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, payload={}),
+        Response(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK, payload={"retry_at": retry_time}
+        ),
+        Response(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK, payload={"retry_at": retry_time}
+        ),
+        Response(status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST, payload={}),
+    ]
+    with patch(
+        "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+    ) as mock_send_log:
+        mock_send_log.side_effect = [r.to_dict() for r in mock_responses]
+        with pytest.raises(Exception) as exc_info:
+            await workflow_context.execute_action(
+                action=failing_action,
+                input_data={"test": "data"},
+                max_retries=3,
+                retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL,
+            )
+        assert (
+            exc_info.value.status_code == status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
+        )
+        assert (
+            exc_info.value.output["error"]
+            == "Action failed after reaching max retries"
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_retry_respects_timing(workflow_context):
+    """Test that retry mechanism respects the timing specified by the engine."""
+    input_data = {"test": "data"}
+    future_retry_time = time.time() + 5
+
+    class CustomException(Exception):
+        pass
+
+    def failing_action(input_data):
+        raise CustomException("Action fails")
+
+    mock_responses = [
+        Response(status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, payload={}),
+        Response(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK,
+            payload={"retry_at": future_retry_time},
+        ),
+        Response(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK,
+            payload={"retry_at": future_retry_time},
+        ),
+        Response(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK,
+            payload={"retry_at": future_retry_time},
+        ),
+        Response(status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST, payload={}),
+    ]
+    with patch(
+        "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+    ) as mock_send_log:
+        mock_send_log.side_effect = [r.to_dict() for r in mock_responses]
+        with patch("time.sleep") as mock_sleep:
+            try:
+                await workflow_context.execute_action(
+                    action=failing_action,
+                    input_data=input_data,
+                    max_retries=3,
+                    retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL,
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+            assert mock_sleep.call_count == 3
+            sleep_duration = mock_sleep.call_args[0][0]
+            assert sleep_duration > 0 and sleep_duration <= 5
+            assert mock_send_log.call_count == 4
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_action_with_value_error(workflow_context):
+    """Test that ValueError from the action is re-raised immediately (not retried) and logs FAILED."""
+
+    def action_raises_value_error(input_data):
+        raise ValueError("Immediate failure")
+
+    mock_responses = [
+        Response(status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, payload={}),
+        Response(status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK, payload={}),
+    ]
+    with patch(
+        "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+    ) as mock_send_log:
+        mock_send_log.side_effect = [r.to_dict() for r in mock_responses]
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            await workflow_context.execute_action(
+                action=action_raises_value_error,
+                input_data={},
+                max_retries=3,
+                retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL,
+            )
+        assert mock_send_log.call_count == 2
+        call_args_list = mock_send_log.call_args_list
+        assert call_args_list[0][0][1].status == LogStatus.STARTED
+        assert call_args_list[1][0][1].status == LogStatus.FAILED
+        assert "Immediate failure" in call_args_list[1][0][1].output["error"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_action_with_validation_error(workflow_context):
+    """Test that ValidationError from the action is re-raised immediately (not retried) and logs FAILED."""
+
+    class DummyModel(BaseModel):
+        x: int
+
+    def action_raises_validation_error(input_data):
+        raise ValidationError([], model=DummyModel)
+
+    mock_started_response = Response(
+        status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, payload={}
+    )
+    mock_failed_response = Response(status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK, payload={})
+    with patch(
+        "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+    ) as mock_send_log:
+        mock_send_log.side_effect = [
+            mock_started_response.to_dict(),
+            mock_failed_response.to_dict(),
+        ]
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            await workflow_context.execute_action(
+                action=action_raises_validation_error,
+                input_data={},
+                max_retries=3,
+                retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL,
+            )
+        assert mock_send_log.call_count == 2
+        started_log = mock_send_log.call_args_list[0][0][1]
+        failed_log = mock_send_log.call_args_list[1][0][1]
+        assert hasattr(started_log, "status")
+        assert hasattr(failed_log, "status")
+        assert started_log.status == LogStatus.STARTED
+        assert failed_log.status == LogStatus.FAILED
+        assert "validation error" in failed_log.output["error"].lower()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_action_with_requests_exception(workflow_context):
+    """Test that requests.exceptions.RequestException
+    is re-raised immediately (not retried) and only logs STARTED."""
+
+    def action_raises_requests_exception(input_data):
+        raise requests.exceptions.RequestException("Request failed")
+
+    mock_response = Response(status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, payload={})
+    with patch(
+        "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+    ) as mock_send_log:
+        mock_send_log.return_value = mock_response.to_dict()
+        with pytest.raises(requests.exceptions.RequestException):
+            await workflow_context.execute_action(
+                action=action_raises_requests_exception,
+                input_data={},
+                max_retries=3,
+                retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL,
+            )
+        assert mock_send_log.call_count == 1
+        call_args_list = mock_send_log.call_args_list
+        assert call_args_list[0][0][1].status == LogStatus.STARTED
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_value_error_in_first_send_log(workflow_context):
+    """Test that ValueError in the first send_log is raised and not logged as FAILED."""
+
+    def dummy_action(input_data):
+        return "should not be called"
+
+    with patch(
+        "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+    ) as mock_send_log:
+        mock_send_log.side_effect = ValueError("First log error")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
+            await workflow_context.execute_action(
+                action=dummy_action,
+                input_data={},
+                max_retries=3,
+                retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL,
+            )
+        assert "First log error" in str(exc_info.value)
+        assert mock_send_log.call_count == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_execute_action_with_async_action(workflow_context):
+    called = False
+
+    async def async_action(input_data):
+        nonlocal called
+        called = True
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+        return {"result": input_data}
+
+    mock_started_response = Response(status_code=201, payload={})
+    mock_completed_response = Response(status_code=200, payload={})
+
+    with patch(
+        "app._internal.internal_client.InternalEndureClient.send_log"
+    ) as mock_send_log:
+        mock_send_log.side_effect = [
+            mock_started_response.to_dict(),
+            mock_completed_response.to_dict(),
+        ]
+
+        result = await workflow_context.execute_action(
+            action=async_action,
+            input_data={"foo": "bar"},
+            max_retries=1,
+            retry_mechanism=RetryMechanism.EXPONENTIAL,
+        )
+
+        assert called is True
+        assert result == {"result": {"foo": "bar"}}