From 9cd56b32743ff1107e193302af9af518f2447b9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: viking <163542798+Dev-v1@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 18 Sep 2026 19:27:34 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Fix sense selection and remove fabricated spelling hints --- .gitignore | 8 + .../backend/app/models.py | 3 + .../backend/app/services/merriam_webster.py | 177 +++++++----------- .../backend/tests/test_api.py | 8 +- .../backend/tests/test_dictionary.py | 54 ++++++ .../frontend/src/App.jsx | 25 +-- .../frontend/src/hints.js | 12 ++ .../frontend/src/hints.test.js | 14 ++ .../frontend/src/styles.css | 3 + 9 files changed, 173 insertions(+), 131 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .gitignore create mode 100644 BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_dictionary.py create mode 100644 BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/hints.js create mode 100644 BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/hints.test.js diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21abaf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +**/node_modules/ +**/dist/ +**/__pycache__/ +**/.pytest_cache/ +**/.env +**/.env.* +!**/.env.example +**/data/dictionary_extract.json diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/models.py b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/models.py index 0ae69fc..2f3ba4b 100644 --- a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/models.py +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/models.py @@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ class DictionaryResult(BaseModel): pronunciation: str = "" audio_url: str = "" source: str = "Merriam-Webster" + source_url: str = "" + part_of_speech: str = "" + license: str = "" suggestions: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list) diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/services/merriam_webster.py b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/services/merriam_webster.py index 411a54c..6a9327a 100644 --- a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/services/merriam_webster.py +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/services/merriam_webster.py @@ -14,82 +14,24 @@ def _hide_spelling(text: str, word: str, replacement: str) -> str: if not text: return text - # Also hides common inflections so a hint cannot expose the target spelling. - pattern = re.compile(rf"\b{re.escape(word)}(?:s|es|ed|ing|ly)?\b", re.IGNORECASE) + # Match the exact word, including Unicode and multiword entries. + pattern = re.compile(rf"(? str: - lower_word = word.casefold().strip() - context = f"{lower_word} {definition.casefold()}" - - if lower_word == "sky": - return "The ___ was clear today." - - category_sentences = ( - (("animal", "bird", "fish", "insect", "mammal", "reptile", "amphibian"), - "The ___ moved quietly through its natural habitat."), - (("food", "dish", "bread", "cheese", "fruit", "vegetable", "dessert", "beverage"), - "They served the ___ on a clean plate."), - (("plant", "flower", "tree", "shrub", "herb", "fern"), - "The ___ grew well in the sunny garden."), - (("musical instrument", "instrument", "music"), - "The musician played the ___ during the concert."), - (("garment", "clothing", "dress", "hat", "shoe", "fabric"), - "She wore the ___ during the ceremony."), - (("building", "room", "temple", "church", "castle", "house", "place"), - "The visitors stopped at the ___ during their tour."), - (("body", "organ", "bone", "muscle", "anatom"), - "The doctor carefully examined the ___."), - (("tool", "device", "machine", "instrument used", "utensil", "container"), - "They used the ___ carefully during the project."), - (("liquid", "mineral", "chemical", "substance", "material"), - "The scientist placed the ___ in a glass container."), - (("sound", "noise", "cry", "call"), - "A sudden ___ echoed through the hall."), - (("emotion", "feeling", "state of", "condition of"), - "A sense of ___ spread through the room."), - (("festival", "ceremony", "celebration", "competition", "event"), - "The ___ brought the whole community together."), - (("person who", "one who", "worker", "specialist", "professional"), - "The ___ entered the room and greeted everyone."), - (("atmosphere", "heaven", "space above", "upper air"), - "Clouds drifted across the ___ before sunset."), - ) - for keywords, sentence in category_sentences: - if any(keyword in context for keyword in keywords): - return sentence - - if lower_word.endswith("ly"): - return "She completed the task ___ and checked her work." - if definition.casefold().lstrip().startswith("to ") or lower_word.endswith( - ("ate", "en", "fy", "ise", "ize") - ): - return "They decided to ___ before the day ended." - if lower_word.endswith( - ("able", "ible", "al", "ant", "ary", "ent", "ful", "ic", "ish", "ive", "less", "ory", "ous", "y") - ): - return "The scene looked ___ in the afternoon light." - return "The class discussed the ___ during the lesson." - - -def _short_complete_sentence(text: str, word: str, definition: str) -> str: - unavailable = not text or text == "Example sentence unavailable." - if unavailable: - return _context_cloze_sentence(word, definition) - - hidden = _hide_spelling(text, word, "___").strip() - # Keep the first complete sentence and limit unusually long dictionary examples. - match = re.match(r"^(.{1,180}?[.!?])(?:\s|$)", hidden) - sentence = match.group(1) if match else hidden[:177].rstrip(" ,;:") - if not sentence.endswith((".", "!", "?")): - sentence += "." - if "___" not in sentence: - return _context_cloze_sentence(word, definition) - return sentence +MISSING_SENTENCE = "A checked example sentence is not yet available for this word." + + +def _short_complete_sentence(text: str, word: str, definition: str = "") -> str: + text = (text or "").strip() + if not text or len(text) > 500 or not re.search(r'[.!?][\"”\')]*$', text): + return MISSING_SENTENCE + hidden = _hide_spelling(text, word, "___") + return hidden if hidden != text else MISSING_SENTENCE def _safe_dictionary_result(result: dict, word: str) -> dict: + result = dict(result) raw_definition = result.get("definition", "Definition unavailable.") safe_definition = _hide_spelling( raw_definition, word, "this word" @@ -115,7 +57,7 @@ def _strip_mw_markup(text: str) -> str: for old, new in replacements.items(): text = text.replace(old, new) text = re.sub(r"\{/?(?:it|wi|sc|sup|inf)\}", "", text) - text = re.sub(r"\{(?:a_link|d_link|i_link|mat|sx)\|([^|}]+)(?:\|[^}]*)?\}", r"\1", text) + text = re.sub(r"\{(?:a_link|d_link|i_link|et_link|dxt|mat|sx)\|([^|}]+)(?:\|[^}]*)?\}", r"\1", text) text = re.sub(r"\{[^}]+\}", "", text) return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text).strip(" :") @@ -183,49 +125,60 @@ def _pronunciation(entry: dict) -> tuple[str, str]: return "", "" -@lru_cache(maxsize=2048) +def _entry_word(entry: dict) -> str: + return re.sub(r':\d+$', '', entry.get('meta', {}).get('id', '')).replace('*', '').casefold() + + +def _senses(entry: dict, word: str): + for node in _walk(entry.get('def', [])): + dt = node.get('dt', []) + definitions = [_strip_mw_markup(str(x[1])) for x in dt if isinstance(x, list) and len(x) > 1 and x[0] == 'text'] + definition = ' '.join(definitions) + if not definition or _hide_spelling(definition, word, '') != definition: + continue + examples = [ex for x in dt if isinstance(x, list) and len(x) > 1 and x[0] == 'vis' and isinstance(x[1], list) for ex in x[1] if isinstance(ex, dict)] + sentence = next((_strip_mw_markup(ex['t']) for ex in examples if ex.get('t') and _short_complete_sentence(_strip_mw_markup(ex['t']), word) != MISSING_SENTENCE), '') + yield definition, sentence + + +def _from_payload(payload: list, word: str) -> dict: + empty = {'word': word, 'found': False, 'suggestions': []} + if not payload or isinstance(payload[0], str): + return _safe_dictionary_result({**empty, 'suggestions': payload[:8]}, word) + entries = [e for e in payload if isinstance(e, dict) and _entry_word(e) == word.casefold()] + entries.sort(key=lambda e: int(e.get('hom', 1) or 1)) + for entry in entries: + senses = list(_senses(entry, word)) + if not senses: + continue + definition, sentence = next((s for s in senses if s[1]), senses[0]) + origin = ' '.join(_strip_mw_markup(str(p[1])) for p in entry.get('et', []) if isinstance(p, list) and len(p) > 1 and p[0] == 'text') + pronunciation, audio_url = _pronunciation(entry) + return _safe_dictionary_result({**empty, 'found': True, 'definition': definition, + 'sentence': sentence, 'origin': origin or 'A documented origin is not yet available for this word.', + 'part_of_speech': entry.get('fl', ''), 'pronunciation': pronunciation, 'audio_url': audio_url, + 'source': 'Merriam-Webster'}, word) + return _safe_dictionary_result(empty, word) + + +@lru_cache(maxsize=1) +def _local_hints(): + import json + from pathlib import Path + path = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2] / 'data' / 'word_hints.json' + return json.loads(path.read_text(encoding='utf-8')) if path.exists() else {} + + +@lru_cache(maxsize=8192) def lookup_word(word: str) -> dict: + from urllib.parse import quote + record = _local_hints().get(word) + if record: + return _safe_dictionary_result({**record, 'word': word, 'found': True, 'suggestions': []}, word) key = get_settings().merriam_webster_api_key.strip() if not key: - return _safe_dictionary_result({ - "word": word, - "found": False, - "definition": "Add MERRIAM_WEBSTER_API_KEY on the backend to load the definition.", - "origin": "Add the Merriam-Webster API key to load word origin.", - "sentence": "Add the Merriam-Webster API key to load an example sentence.", - "pronunciation": "", - "audio_url": "", - "suggestions": [], - }, word) - + return _safe_dictionary_result({'word': word, 'found': False, 'suggestions': []}, word) with httpx.Client(timeout=10.0) as client: - response = client.get(API_URL.format(word=word), params={"key": key}) + response = client.get(API_URL.format(word=quote(word, safe='')), params={'key': key}) response.raise_for_status() - payload = response.json() - - if not payload: - return _safe_dictionary_result({"word": word, "found": False, "suggestions": []}, word) - if isinstance(payload[0], str): - return _safe_dictionary_result( - {"word": word, "found": False, "suggestions": payload[:8]}, word - ) - - entry = payload[0] - pronunciation, audio_url = _pronunciation(entry) - etymology = entry.get("et", []) - origin = "Word origin unavailable." - if etymology: - first = etymology[0] - if isinstance(first, list) and len(first) > 1: - origin = _strip_mw_markup(str(first[1])) - - return _safe_dictionary_result({ - "word": word, - "found": True, - "definition": _first_definition(entry), - "origin": origin, - "sentence": _first_sentence(entry), - "pronunciation": pronunciation, - "audio_url": audio_url, - "suggestions": [], - }, word) + return _from_payload(response.json(), word) diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_api.py b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_api.py index da54ccb..44fa67b 100644 --- a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_api.py +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_api.py @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ def test_sky_sentence_uses_a_three_character_blank(): assert result["sentence"] == "The ___ was clear today." -def test_missing_example_uses_contextual_sentence_not_a_definition(): +def test_missing_example_does_not_fabricate_a_sentence(): result = _safe_dictionary_result( { "definition": "A large gray animal with a trunk.", @@ -103,12 +103,12 @@ def test_missing_example_uses_contextual_sentence_not_a_definition(): }, "elephant", ) - assert result["sentence"] == "The ___ moved quietly through its natural habitat." + assert "not yet available" in result["sentence"] assert "elephant" not in result["sentence"].lower() assert "means" not in result["sentence"].lower() -def test_missing_instrument_example_uses_musical_context(): +def test_missing_instrument_example_does_not_fabricate_a_sentence(): result = _safe_dictionary_result( { "definition": "A single-reed musical instrument.", @@ -117,4 +117,4 @@ def test_missing_instrument_example_uses_musical_context(): }, "clarinet", ) - assert result["sentence"] == "The musician played the ___ during the concert." + assert "not yet available" in result["sentence"] diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_dictionary.py b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_dictionary.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e241840 --- /dev/null +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_dictionary.py @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +from app.services.merriam_webster import _from_payload, _safe_dictionary_result, _strip_mw_markup + + +def entry(word, definition, example='', hom=1, origin=''): + dt = [['text', definition]] + if example: + dt.append(['vis', [{'t': example}]]) + return {'meta': {'id': f'{word}:{hom}'}, 'hom': hom, 'fl': 'noun', + 'def': [{'sseq': [[['sense', {'dt': dt}]]]}], 'et': [['text', origin]]} + + +def test_exact_headword_rejects_related_compound(): + result = _from_payload([entry('beurre blanc', 'A butter sauce.')], 'beurre') + assert result['found'] is False + + +def test_definition_and_example_come_from_same_sense(): + e = entry('bank', 'An institution that keeps money.') + e['def'][0]['sseq'][0].append(['sense', {'dt': [ + ['text', 'The land along a river.'], + ['vis', [{'t': 'We sat on the bank beside the river.'}]]]}]) + result = _from_payload([e], 'bank') + assert result['definition'] == 'The land along a river.' + assert result['sentence'] == 'We sat on the ___ beside the river.' + + +def test_primary_homograph_is_used_even_if_response_is_reordered(): + result = _from_payload([ + entry('bronze', 'To give the appearance of bronze to.', hom=2), + entry('bronze', 'An alloy of copper and tin.', 'The statue was cast in bronze.', origin='French, from Italian bronzo.') + ], 'bronze') + assert result['definition'] == 'An alloy of copper and tin.' + assert result['sentence'] == 'The statue was cast in ___.' + assert 'Italian bronzo' in result['origin'] + + +def test_origin_link_text_is_preserved(): + assert _strip_mw_markup('from {et_link|bronzo|bronzo:1}, {it}Italian{/it}') == 'from bronzo, Italian' + + +def test_do_not_borrow_a_different_homographs_origin(): + first = entry('bow', 'The front of a ship.') + second = entry('bow', 'A weapon for shooting arrows.', hom=2, origin='Different history.') + assert 'Different history' not in _from_payload([first, second], 'bow')['origin'] + + +def test_inflected_example_does_not_change_the_expected_answer(): + result = _safe_dictionary_result({'sentence': 'She bronzed the small sculpture.'}, 'bronze') + assert 'not yet available' in result['sentence'] + + +def test_incomplete_text_is_not_turned_into_a_fake_complete_sentence(): + result = _safe_dictionary_result({'sentence': 'A statue made of bronze'}, 'bronze') + assert 'not yet available' in result['sentence'] diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/App.jsx b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/App.jsx index be9324b..25db73d 100644 --- a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/App.jsx +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/App.jsx @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +import { hideSpelling, sentenceHint } from "./hints.js"; import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react"; import { ArrowLeft, @@ -48,12 +49,6 @@ function labelForLevel(key) { return ({ one_bee: "One Bee", two_bee: "Two Bee", three_bee: "Three Bee", random: "Random" })[key] || key; } -function hideSpelling(text, word, replacement) { - if (!text || !word) return text; - const escaped = word.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); - return text.replace(new RegExp(`\\b${escaped}(?:s|es|ed|ing|ly)?\\b`, "gi"), replacement); -} - function speakWithBrowser(word) { if (!("speechSynthesis" in window)) return; window.speechSynthesis.cancel(); @@ -129,7 +124,7 @@ function App({ userId, getToken, isAdmin, onOpenSettings, onRequestList }) { setDictionary(EMPTY_DICTIONARY); getDictionary(currentWord) .then((result) => !cancelled && setDictionary(result)) - .catch(() => !cancelled && setDictionary({ ...EMPTY_DICTIONARY, definition: "Dictionary information is temporarily unavailable." })); + .catch(() => !cancelled && setDictionary({ ...EMPTY_DICTIONARY, word: currentWord, definition: "Dictionary information is temporarily unavailable.", origin: "Word origin is temporarily unavailable.", sentence: "Example sentence is temporarily unavailable." })); return () => { cancelled = true; }; }, [currentWord, screen]); @@ -154,7 +149,7 @@ function App({ userId, getToken, isAdmin, onOpenSettings, onRequestList }) { }, [screen, mode, level, wordListId, setOffset, words, index, correct, streak, bestStreak, getToken, sessionKey]); function playWord() { - if (dictionary.audio_url) { + if (dictionary.word === currentWord && dictionary.audio_url) { if (audioRef.current) audioRef.current.pause(); const audio = new Audio(dictionary.audio_url); audioRef.current = audio; @@ -254,12 +249,10 @@ function App({ userId, getToken, isAdmin, onOpenSettings, onRequestList }) { } const progress = words.length ? ((index + 1) / words.length) * 100 : 0; - const safeDefinition = hideSpelling(dictionary.definition, currentWord, "this word"); - const safeOrigin = hideSpelling(dictionary.origin, currentWord, "this word"); - const maskedSentence = hideSpelling(dictionary.sentence, currentWord, "___"); - const safeSentence = maskedSentence?.includes("___") - ? maskedSentence - : "The class practiced using ___ in a complete sentence."; + const visibleDictionary = dictionary.word === currentWord ? dictionary : EMPTY_DICTIONARY; + const safeDefinition = hideSpelling(visibleDictionary.definition, currentWord, "[the target word]"); + const safeOrigin = hideSpelling(visibleDictionary.origin, currentWord, "[same spelling]"); + const safeSentence = sentenceHint(visibleDictionary.sentence, currentWord); const fillSentence = safeSentence; const safeHints = { definition: safeDefinition, origin: safeOrigin, sentence: safeSentence }; @@ -374,7 +367,9 @@ function App({ userId, getToken, isAdmin, onOpenSettings, onRequestList }) {
Need a hint?
)} - {hint &&
{hint === "definition" ? "Definition" : hint === "origin" ? "Word origin" : "In a sentence"}

{safeHints[hint]}

} + {hint &&
{hint === "definition" ? "Definition" : hint === "origin" ? "Word origin" : "In a sentence"}

{hint === "definition" && visibleDictionary.part_of_speech && {visibleDictionary.part_of_speech}: }{safeHints[hint]}

} + + {visibleDictionary.source_url &&

{visibleDictionary.source}{visibleDictionary.license && <> · {visibleDictionary.license} · Adapted for spelling practice}

} {feedback && (
diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/hints.js b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/hints.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6c9ffd --- /dev/null +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/hints.js @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +export function hideSpelling(text, word, replacement = "___") { + if (!text || !word) return text; + const escaped = word.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); + return text.replace(new RegExp(`(? { + assert.equal(hideSpelling('The statue is made of bronze.', 'bronze'), 'The statue is made of ___.'); + assert.equal(hideSpelling('She practiced an étude.', 'étude'), 'She practiced an ___.'); + assert.equal(hideSpelling('They cooked it sous vide.', 'sous vide'), 'They cooked it ___.'); + assert.equal(hideSpelling('An umbrella covers an umbel.', 'umbel'), 'An umbrella covers an ___.'); +}); +test('do not manufacture a sentence from loading or error messages', () => { + assert.equal(sentenceHint('Loading example sentence...', 'bronze'), 'Loading example sentence...'); + assert.equal(sentenceHint('Example sentence is temporarily unavailable.', 'bronze'), 'Example sentence is temporarily unavailable.'); +}); diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/styles.css b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/styles.css index bae03b2..fbb36d4 100644 --- a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/styles.css +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/frontend/src/styles.css @@ -327,3 +327,6 @@ button:disabled { cursor: not-allowed; opacity: .55; } .admin-list-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; } .admin-list-row .outline.compact { grid-column: 1; } } + +.hint-attribution { margin-top: 16px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; } +.hint-attribution a { color: inherit; text-underline-offset: 2px; } From 822f8b5b283bb0e994a93c9c60668cd4ed8a2c60 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: viking <163542798+Dev-v1@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 18 Sep 2026 20:12:34 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Add attributed word hints, coverage report, and catalog validation --- .../backend/app/models.py | 1 + .../backend/data/DATA_SOURCES.md | 33 + .../backend/data/hint_coverage.json | 3083 ++ .../backend/data/reviewed_hints.json | 70 + .../backend/data/word_hints.json | 35662 ++++++++++++++++ .../backend/scripts/build_hint_catalog.py | 97 + .../backend/tests/test_hint_catalog.py | 39 + .../frontend/src/App.jsx | 2 +- 8 files changed, 38986 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/DATA_SOURCES.md create mode 100644 BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/hint_coverage.json create mode 100644 BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/reviewed_hints.json create mode 100644 BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/word_hints.json create mode 100644 BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/scripts/build_hint_catalog.py create mode 100644 BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_hint_catalog.py diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/models.py b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/models.py index 2f3ba4b..cc4be6e 100644 --- a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/models.py +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/app/models.py @@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ class DictionaryResult(BaseModel): source_url: str = "" part_of_speech: str = "" license: str = "" + sentence_reference: str = "" suggestions: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list) diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/DATA_SOURCES.md b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/DATA_SOURCES.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68366bc --- /dev/null +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/DATA_SOURCES.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Dictionary hint data + +`word_hints.json` contains selected English Wiktionary entries from the Kaikki +English extract downloaded on September 19, 2026. The extract describes the +September 2, 2026 Wiktionary dump. Each record links to its source entry. + +- Source: https://kaikki.org/dictionary/English/ +- Wiktionary: https://en.wiktionary.org/ +- Contributor attribution: use the linked entry's **View history** tab. +- Text license: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International, + https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ + +BeeBright selects a definition and example from the same dictionary sense, +selects its corresponding etymology, and masks the answer for spelling practice. +Some entries have paraphrased definitions, summarized origins, or original +examples in `reviewed_hints.json`. Their source and example attribution are +recorded separately. Quoted examples retain their original reference; they +are not claimed to be original BeeBright writing. Adapted Wiktionary text +continues under CC BY-SA 4.0. This data license does not relicense app code. + +The small number of Merriam-Webster-based reviewed entries contain paraphrases +and original BeeBright sentences, with links to the consulted dictionary pages. +Online fallback results come from the site's configured Merriam-Webster API. + +`hint_coverage.json` lists missing fields for the 3,997 built-in words. Coverage +does not establish that every selection has been editorially checked. The +catalog is incomplete. Unknown histories must not be invented; genuine unknown +origins should be distinguished from entries that still require research. + +Rebuild with `python scripts/build_hint_catalog.py` from the backend directory. +This requires an untracked `data/dictionary_extract.json` containing source +entries grouped by case-folded word. The deployed application only needs the +generated catalog. The source extract is not a runtime dependency. diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/hint_coverage.json b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/hint_coverage.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d226c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/hint_coverage.json @@ -0,0 +1,3083 @@ +{ + "total_words": 3997, + "definitions": 3566, + "origins": 3397, + "sentences": 1960, + "missing": { + "definition": [ + "sips", + "dots", + "smaller", + "gazed", + "drew", + "stood", + "nagged", + "thumbs", + "flowers", + "shutters", + "wears", + "thoughts", + "adsum", + "adversaria", + "boarders", + "bowie", + "cinderella", + "corgi", + "cockles", + "compatriots", + "condiments", + "contusion", + "cymbals", + "daresay", + "dillydally", + "dribbles", + "fie", + "foothills", + "griefful", + "hoagies", + "honeybee", + "isms", + "jankers", + "labradoodle", + "likelier", + "marooned", + "memes", + "musings", + "nerfing", + "nozzles", + "nuggets", + "olympiad", + "overtures", + "puritan", + "puzzles", + "physicists", + "placards", + "recanted", + "retorts", + "scullery", + "teenagers", + "thawed", + "tickled", + "trinkets", + "tubers", + "wordmonger", + "yoo-hoo", + "veered", + "weald", + "welterweight", + "antlers", + "popovers", + "stagecoach", + "outfits", + "Internet", + "forearms", + "wafting", + "Afrobeat", + "tostones", + "syllables", + "bunions", + "Oman", + "vultures", + "Vaseline", + "havens", + "academese", + "Acadians", + "affeer", + "affenpinscher", + "agave", + "anent", + "anglophile", + "alpestrine", + "anhinga", + "armaments", + "art brut", + "bermudas", + "besieged", + "bibliopegist", + "caftan", + "cancion", + "cattalo", + "carbohydrates", + "coaxation", + "codswallop", + "chupacabra", + "churchianity", + "churros", + "colocate", + "contumelious", + "crescive", + "crustaceans", + "deathin", + "Dianthus", + "demerits", + "dodecahedron", + "dogana", + "drupiferous", + "durango", + "eczema", + "étude", + "eucalyptus", + "Evactor", + "evacuees", + "evo-devo", + "exaugural", + "ensued", + "environs", + "facundity", + "fajitas", + "Ficus", + "flittern", + "FLOTUS", + "frison", + "froufrou", + "froward", + "fructiferous", + "fussbudget", + "gentilitial", + "galapago", + "glareous", + "goji berry", + "grandrelle", + "groats", + "grobian", + "grotesqueness", + "habiliments", + "harrumph", + "hermeneutics", + "homester", + "hydrangea", + "jeepney", + "jimberjawed", + "kaiser", + "krausen", + "lambasted", + "lanolated", + "lantana", + "largesses", + "legalese", + "lolled", + "luculent", + "minacious", + "minestra", + "melamine", + "MIDI", + "movimento", + "musketeers", + "Mylar", + "Newfoundland", + "nocive", + "no-goodnik", + "nomancy", + "Norovirus", + "nubuck", + "operose", + "occipital", + "oxalis", + "parameters", + "papyrus", + "peacenik", + "pelagial", + "pendragon", + "phalanges", + "pompeii", + "pituitary", + "prespinous", + "plaudits", + "plutonomy", + "privatim", + "podsnappery", + "qualms", + "rambla", + "rankles", + "raptatorial", + "résumé", + "renitency", + "reparations", + "rudiments", + "sarmentum", + "schnell", + "scuppers", + "sedum", + "senecio", + "senna", + "smellfungus", + "stellular", + "stevia", + "stigmata", + "stimuli", + "sponsalia", + "summoned", + "tae kwon do", + "teemed", + "tercentenary", + "terra-cotta", + "theriatrics", + "thwartwise", + "thyme", + "tricenary", + "triceratops", + "trigeminal", + "triglycerides", + "trillium", + "toorie", + "tsk-tsked", + "toties quoties", + "turken", + "travails", + "una corda", + "vagabonds", + "vendage", + "verbena", + "volary", + "vetoed", + "yabbies", + "zeppelin", + "zowie", + "slakes", + "commandments", + "decibels", + "incarnated", + "pews", + "spawned", + "pervading", + "magistrates", + "incited", + "deficiencies", + "bureaucrats", + "steeds", + "forsook", + "boba", + "frijoles", + "secreted", + "photosynthesis", + "matterhorn", + "pixels", + "antonyms", + "mangels", + "Gilgamesh", + "lanthanides", + "amphoras", + "pinyin", + "leks", + "pullets", + "fens", + "coleus", + "moira", + "Popocatepetl", + "sphagnum", + "à fond", + "à la grecque", + "abaculus", + "accordatura", + "acidophilus", + "aes rude", + "Aesir", + "anomaliped", + "antenatus", + "Antigua", + "Apabhramsa", + "ape-ape", + "akkum", + "almuerzo", + "alouatte", + "alpargata", + "amphistylar", + "anabathmoi", + "ancien régime", + "anemone", + "aphasia", + "Apistogramma", + "Appaloosa", + "après", + "Ardhamagadhi", + "Ardipithecus", + "ardoise", + "as nas", + "au bleu", + "azotea", + "bahr", + "bordereaux", + "baleen", + "Barylambda", + "Baucis", + "buñuelo", + "beaumontage", + "Burkinabe", + "Beaux arts", + "beccafico", + "ben trovato", + "bergère", + "beurre", + "Bezier curve", + "bhikshuni", + "bismillah", + "carcajou", + "cartouches", + "Castalia", + "cavalletti", + "Chalcolithic", + "ca’canny", + "cahiers", + "ciénaga", + "caló", + "cire perdue", + "calusar", + "cirri", + "Camembert", + "corrigenda", + "cotoneaster", + "coup de grace", + "creances", + "croquignole", + "cynocephali", + "Djibouti", + "drahthaar", + "duello", + "Delmarva Peninsula", + "Déné", + "dengue", + "Enoch Arden", + "enoki", + "fatshedera", + "fellahin", + "fêng shui", + "ferruginous", + "gabarit", + "gypsophila", + "gaillardia", + "galoot", + "giallolino", + "glengarry", + "graywacke", + "Groenendael", + "guapena", + "Guarnerius", + "gyascutus", + "hsaing-waing", + "Huallaga", + "janthina", + "Jumada", + "kalopanax", + "kerril", + "Kitksan", + "Kuiper Belt", + "leberwurst", + "ligas", + "luftmensch", + "lunulae", + "Makgadikgadi Pans", + "mange-tout", + "maringouin", + "martinoe", + "mässig", + "Menaia", + "millegrain", + "MOOC", + "neem", + "Nicoise", + "nisi", + "Novanglian", + "oryx", + "pastitsio", + "Patripassianism", + "perciatelli", + "phlox", + "piatti", + "piloncillo", + "point d’appui", + "portugais", + "porwigle", + "pothos", + "poudre B", + "rafflesia", + "ranunculus", + "rapparee", + "rhododendron", + "rinceau", + "risorgimento", + "risposta", + "rubaiyat", + "ruelle", + "ruscus", + "ryas", + "sturnine", + "schefflera", + "succorance", + "Svengali", + "seraya", + "Sfax", + "Sir Roger de Coverley", + "smriti", + "soirée", + "sous vide", + "spiedini", + "Strelitzia", + "Strigolniki", + "savoir faire", + "taal", + "tam-o’-shanter", + "Tchefuncte", + "teneramente", + "teraphim", + "wabeno", + "weltschmerz", + "xiphias", + "yuga", + "trompe l’oeil", + "trous-de-loup", + "tullibee", + "thimerosal", + "Typhoean", + "thuluth", + "toey", + "trillado", + "zimocca", + "zortzico", + "ubi sunt", + "vicissitudes", + "villi" + ], + "origin": [ + "sips", + "roads", + "dots", + "smaller", + "tubes", + "gazed", + "drew", + "stood", + "nagged", + "thumbs", + "flowers", + "drooped", + "cluttered", + "bursting", + "glasses", + "shutters", + "wears", + "thoughts", + "abashed", + "adsum", + "adversaria", + "algae", + "astounding", + "boarders", + "bowie", + "cinderella", + "captivated", + "corgi", + "cockles", + "compatriots", + "condiments", + "contusion", + "cymbals", + "daresay", + "dillydally", + "dribbles", + "emblazoned", + "elaborative", + "eligibility", + "enumerated", + "fie", + "fisticuffs", + "foothills", + "foozle", + "forensics", + "griefful", + "hoagies", + "honeybee", + "isms", + "jankers", + "labradoodle", + "likelier", + "luminance", + "marooned", + "melted", + "memes", + "mummified", + "musings", + "nerfing", + "nozzles", + "nuggets", + "olympiad", + "overtures", + "pending", + "puritan", + "puzzles", + "physicists", + "placards", + "recanted", + "retorts", + "scullery", + "spangled", + "skimmed", + "skydiving", + "teenagers", + "thawed", + "tickled", + "transference", + "trinkets", + "tubers", + "wordmonger", + "yoo-hoo", + "veered", + "vlogging", + "warning", + "weald", + "welterweight", + "antlers", + "popovers", + "stagecoach", + "outfits", + "Internet", + "submerged", + "fascinated", + "forearms", + "wafting", + "Afrobeat", + "tostones", + "syllables", + "bunions", + "bamboozled", + "Oman", + "droll", + "vultures", + "Vaseline", + "amphitheater", + "havens", + "academese", + "Acadians", + "affeer", + "affenpinscher", + "affianced", + "agave", + "anent", + "anglophile", + "agelicism", + "alpestrine", + "althorn", + "anaglyphy", + "anhinga", + "armaments", + "art brut", + "auspices", + "bacteriolytic", + "Bavarian cream", + "bermudas", + "besieged", + "bibliopegist", + "bruja", + "caftan", + "cancion", + "cattalo", + "cayenne", + "carbohydrates", + "catalina", + "coaxation", + "codswallop", + "chupacabra", + "churchianity", + "churros", + "collectanea", + "colocate", + "comminatory", + "contumelious", + "crescive", + "cribo", + "crustaceans", + "deathin", + "Dianthus", + "demerits", + "demographics", + "depravity", + "deprivation", + "dilapidated", + "divestiture", + "dodecahedron", + "dogana", + "domiciled", + "domineering", + "Dorking", + "dromic", + "drupiferous", + "durango", + "extrorse", + "eczema", + "étude", + "eucalyptus", + "Evactor", + "evacuees", + "evo-devo", + "emulsify", + "ensconced", + "exaugural", + "ensued", + "environs", + "facundity", + "fajitas", + "farkleberry", + "festooned", + "Ficus", + "flittern", + "FLOTUS", + "frison", + "froufrou", + "froward", + "fructiferous", + "fussbudget", + "gaudery", + "gentilitial", + "galapago", + "glareous", + "goji berry", + "grandrelle", + "groats", + "grobian", + "grotesqueness", + "habiliments", + "harrumph", + "hawok", + "heleoplankton", + "hermeneutics", + "hierurgical", + "homester", + "hydrangea", + "incisiform", + "Icarian", + "interred", + "Isle Royale", + "jeepney", + "jimberjawed", + "jalapeño", + "kaiser", + "krausen", + "lambasted", + "lanolated", + "lantana", + "largesses", + "legalese", + "lolled", + "luculent", + "minacious", + "minestra", + "minette", + "matriculation", + "McCoy", + "melamine", + "metaplasia", + "MIDI", + "Motrin", + "movimento", + "musketeers", + "Mylar", + "myoglobin", + "necrotic", + "Newfoundland", + "nocive", + "no-goodnik", + "nomancy", + "Norovirus", + "nubuck", + "nucleated", + "omnilegent", + "oompah", + "operose", + "obsecration", + "occipital", + "oxalis", + "parameters", + "parodic", + "papyrus", + "peacenik", + "pelagial", + "pendragon", + "periodontist", + "persuasible", + "phalanges", + "pompeii", + "proviant", + "pilosity", + "pituitary", + "prespinous", + "plaudits", + "plutonomy", + "privatim", + "podsnappery", + "pointelle", + "qualms", + "rambla", + "rankles", + "raptatorial", + "résumé", + "retrocedence", + "recriminatory", + "renitency", + "reparations", + "rollicking", + "Romano", + "rudiments", + "sarmentum", + "scarlatina", + "scenographer", + "schnell", + "scuppers", + "sedum", + "senecio", + "senna", + "smellfungus", + "stellular", + "stevia", + "stigmata", + "stimuli", + "sponsalia", + "syntonize", + "summoned", + "tae kwon do", + "teemed", + "tercentenary", + "terra-cotta", + "theriatrics", + "thwartwise", + "thyme", + "tricenary", + "triceratops", + "trigeminal", + "triglycerides", + "trillium", + "trituration", + "Truckee", + "toorie", + "topgallant", + "tsk-tsked", + "toties quoties", + "turken", + "transmissibility", + "typhlology", + "travails", + "una corda", + "vagabonds", + "vendage", + "verbena", + "volary", + "vetoed", + "yabbies", + "zeppelin", + "zowie", + "slakes", + "commandments", + "decibels", + "incarnated", + "pews", + "spawned", + "pervading", + "magistrates", + "incited", + "deficiencies", + "elongated", + "bureaucrats", + "steeds", + "communing", + "conciliatory", + "forsook", + "boba", + "frijoles", + "secreted", + "photosynthesis", + "Macao", + "matterhorn", + "pixels", + "antonyms", + "mangels", + "Gilgamesh", + "lanthanides", + "conjunto", + "amphoras", + "pinyin", + "leks", + "pullets", + "retinitis pigmentosa", + "fens", + "coleus", + "coccidiosis", + "moira", + "rooibos tea", + "Okefenokee", + "Popocatepetl", + "sphagnum", + "à fond", + "à la grecque", + "abaculus", + "ahuatle", + "aistopod", + "accordatura", + "Achernar", + "acidophilus", + "acrogeria", + "acropachy", + "aes rude", + "Aesir", + "Aitutakian", + "anomaliped", + "antenatus", + "Antigua", + "Apabhramsa", + "ape-ape", + "akaryote", + "akkum", + "almuerzo", + "alouatte", + "alpargata", + "amphistylar", + "amuse-gueule", + "anabathmoi", + "ancien régime", + "anemone", + "aniseikonia", + "aphasia", + "Apistogramma", + "Apostolici", + "Appaloosa", + "après", + "Ardhamagadhi", + "Ardipithecus", + "ardoise", + "as nas", + "astaxanthin", + "au bleu", + "azotea", + "bagwyn", + "bahr", + "bordereaux", + "Bosc", + "baleen", + "Barylambda", + "Baucis", + "buñuelo", + "Beauceron", + "beaumontage", + "Burkinabe", + "Beaux arts", + "beccafico", + "Bêche-de-Mer", + "ben trovato", + "bergère", + "beurre", + "Bezier curve", + "bhikshuni", + "bismillah", + "carcajou", + "Carrickmacross", + "cartouches", + "Castalia", + "cavalletti", + "Chalcolithic", + "ca’canny", + "cacaxte", + "cacoëthes", + "cahiers", + "ciénaga", + "caló", + "cire perdue", + "calusar", + "cirri", + "Camembert", + "corrigenda", + "cotoneaster", + "coup de grace", + "creances", + "croquignole", + "cynocephali", + "Djibouti", + "drahthaar", + "Dubuque", + "duello", + "Delmarva Peninsula", + "Déné", + "dengue", + "estovers", + "estrepe", + "Enoch Arden", + "enoki", + "fatshedera", + "fellahin", + "fêng shui", + "ferruginous", + "Firbolg", + "gabarit", + "gypsophila", + "gaillardia", + "galoot", + "giallolino", + "glengarry", + "glyceraldehyde", + "graywacke", + "Groenendael", + "guapena", + "Guarnerius", + "Guidonian", + "gyascutus", + "Herodotean", + "hiortdahlite", + "Hippolyta", + "hsaing-waing", + "Huallaga", + "incunabula", + "Inugsuk", + "janthina", + "Jumada", + "kalimba", + "kalopanax", + "kerril", + "Kitksan", + "Kjeldahl", + "Kuiper Belt", + "langrage", + "leberwurst", + "ligas", + "Llullaillaco", + "luftmensch", + "lunulae", + "motherumbung", + "Makgadikgadi Pans", + "Mandelbrot set", + "mange-tout", + "maringouin", + "martinoe", + "mässig", + "mediobrome", + "megrims", + "Menaia", + "Metonic cycle", + "millegrain", + "MOOC", + "naricorn", + "neem", + "Ner Tamid", + "Nicoise", + "niminy-piminy", + "nisi", + "Novanglian", + "obeisant", + "oleiculture", + "Orinoco", + "oryx", + "pastitsio", + "Patripassianism", + "perciatelli", + "philopatry", + "phlox", + "piatti", + "pierrot", + "piloncillo", + "pampootie", + "point d’appui", + "portugais", + "porwigle", + "pothos", + "poudre B", + "rafflesia", + "rajpramukh", + "ranunculus", + "rapparee", + "Rayleigh wave", + "rembrandt", + "rescissible", + "rhododendron", + "rinceau", + "risorgimento", + "risposta", + "Robigalia", + "rubaiyat", + "ruelle", + "ruscus", + "ryas", + "Ryeland", + "Sbrinz", + "sturnine", + "schefflera", + "succorance", + "Svengali", + "seraya", + "synanthrope", + "Sfax", + "Sir Roger de Coverley", + "smriti", + "soirée", + "saeta", + "sous vide", + "spiedini", + "Sangamon", + "Strelitzia", + "Strigolniki", + "savoir faire", + "taal", + "tam-o’-shanter", + "Tchefuncte", + "temalacatl", + "teneramente", + "teraphim", + "wabeno", + "weltschmerz", + "xiphias", + "yuga", + "yuloh", + "trompe l’oeil", + "trous-de-loup", + "tsukupin", + "tullibee", + "thimerosal", + "Typhoean", + "thuluth", + "toey", + "trillado", + "Zdarsky tent", + "zemi", + "zimocca", + "zortzico", + "ubi sunt", + "ubiquinone", + "vicissitudes", + "villi" + ], + "sentence": [ + "hug", + "sips", + "roads", + "dots", + "smaller", + "notebook", + "tubes", + "gazed", + "snail", + "drew", + "stood", + "nagged", + "endless", + "plunger", + "thumbs", + "glittery", + "flowers", + "drooped", + "cluttered", + "glasses", + "shutters", + "wears", + "thoughts", + "acclaim", + "adjudicate", + "adnate", + "adsum", + "advection", + "adversaria", + "aforesaid", + "alpaca", + "amass", + "amiably", + "amnesty", + "anklet", + "annotate", + "ante", + "apparel", + "arithmetic", + "auditorium", + "avalanche", + "bachelorette", + "banana", + "baptismal", + "barbie", + "blandish", + "bleary", + "bleat", + "blizzard", + "blurb", + "boarders", + "boogie-woogie", + "botany", + "bowie", + "broil", + "bumblebee", + "bungee", + "buzzworthy", + "canoe", + "chortle", + "chowder", + "cinderella", + "clover", + "clowder", + "captivated", + "caramel", + "carrot", + "cashier", + "casserole", + "casualty", + "celebratory", + "centipede", + "charioteer", + "conundrum", + "convoy", + "cooperate", + "copperhead", + "corgi", + "cornily", + "criteria", + "crumpet", + "cockles", + "collie", + "comedienne", + "commandeer", + "compatriots", + "comportment", + "conch", + "condemn", + "condiments", + "contusion", + "curio", + "cyclone", + "cymbals", + "daft", + "daisy", + "daresay", + "debunk", + "dialect", + "dictum", + "digression", + "dillydally", + "divvy", + "docket", + "donatee", + "dragoon", + "dreadlocks", + "dribbles", + "Dudley", + "dumbwaiter", + "dynamite", + "emancipatory", + "enervate", + "entrepreneur", + "editorial", + "elicitation", + "ellipse", + "epoxy", + "erode", + "escapade", + "ewe", + "extradition", + "exude", + "fallacy", + "fervently", + "fido", + "fie", + "filar", + "filbert", + "financier", + "fission", + "factorial", + "fadeaway", + "fisticuffs", + "flashback", + "fleeciness", + "fleetness", + "flexitarian", + "flimflammer", + "floridly", + "folate", + "fomentation", + "foosball", + "foothills", + "foppery", + "forensics", + "forgeable", + "fortification", + "frailty", + "freckle", + "freegan", + "fribble", + "frock", + "frugal", + "funnel", + "graphologist", + "griefful", + "galley", + "gardenesque", + "garniture", + "gaucho", + "gazette", + "gnarled", + "graham", + "grandeur", + "howler", + "hurriedly", + "hydra", + "hydrant", + "haggle", + "hardtack", + "hazelnut", + "heiress", + "hermitage", + "Highlands", + "hijab", + "hoagies", + "hollyhock", + "homicide", + "honeybee", + "horseradish", + "hostile", + "ignite", + "inflammable", + "intensify", + "intertidal", + "irrigation", + "isms", + "jammer", + "jankers", + "jitterbug", + "joinery", + "kazoo", + "kilt", + "kiwi", + "labradoodle", + "lactose", + "languish", + "lapel", + "lettuce", + "ligament", + "likelier", + "limelight", + "linguistics", + "luminance", + "lupine", + "macaw", + "macrobiotics", + "madrigal", + "magician", + "mahogany", + "manacle", + "manta", + "marooned", + "medallion", + "memes", + "memorandum", + "merely", + "Merlin", + "meteor", + "metrical", + "Michigander", + "millionaire", + "minutia", + "miraculous", + "missive", + "modem", + "modular", + "mogul", + "mambo", + "morose", + "mosaic", + "mummified", + "musings", + "neigh", + "nerfing", + "newbie", + "nocturnal", + "nominee", + "nonconformist", + "nozzles", + "nuggets", + "obliterate", + "olympiad", + "optician", + "optimum", + "opulent", + "ordinance", + "organelle", + "overtures", + "paginate", + "predicament", + "procrastinate", + "profiteer", + "prone", + "pathogen", + "pear", + "peddle", + "pedicure", + "pedigree", + "punily", + "penguin", + "puniness", + "purification", + "puritan", + "permafrost", + "peruse", + "puzzles", + "physicists", + "placards", + "pliant", + "plummet", + "quaver", + "quota", + "recanted", + "regiment", + "registrar", + "rejuvenate", + "residue", + "retorts", + "retriever", + "riddance", + "riffraff", + "riviera", + "rugby", + "salivate", + "sandal", + "satchel", + "scooter", + "scrapple", + "scrooge", + "scullery", + "seize", + "soprano", + "specificity", + "speculate", + "spiteful", + "sprite", + "spry", + "stagestruck", + "semester", + "sensory", + "skimmed", + "skydiving", + "snitch", + "solidity", + "solvency", + "stubble", + "suitable", + "sunflower", + "sunseeker", + "surplus", + "tango", + "tase", + "teenagers", + "terrier", + "thawed", + "thespian", + "tickled", + "toastmaster", + "toilsome", + "treasury", + "trinkets", + "trove", + "truffle", + "truncate", + "tubers", + "tutorial", + "uncle", + "undercroft", + "undergird", + "whirlybird", + "windbaggery", + "wordmonger", + "yammer", + "yeanling", + "yoo-hoo", + "uppercut", + "usher", + "zither", + "vascular", + "vassal", + "veered", + "vlogging", + "volcano", + "wasp", + "weald", + "welding", + "welterweight", + "wharf", + "whelp", + "flea", + "buckeye", + "antlers", + "stroll", + "cereal", + "popovers", + "razor", + "drawl", + "stagecoach", + "pouch", + "outfits", + "gallon", + "putty", + "glumly", + "ignore", + "Internet", + "stitchery", + "fiddlehead", + "ailment", + "expressway", + "saucer", + "engulf", + "forearms", + "wafting", + "Afrobeat", + "insulation", + "recital", + "crookedly", + "fragrant", + "fowl", + "thorax", + "tostones", + "syllables", + "bunions", + "sultanate", + "bamboozled", + "Oman", + "sausage", + "flummox", + "disgruntled", + "terrify", + "quip", + "sentinel", + "vultures", + "delegation", + "Vaseline", + "gastritis", + "platypus", + "mantel", + "desecration", + "havens", + "ablation", + "afghan", + "agalma", + "agate", + "academese", + "Acadians", + "accentuate", + "acupuncture", + "adjugate", + "advocatory", + "aerobics", + "affable", + "affeer", + "affenpinscher", + "affianced", + "agave", + "anemic", + "anent", + "anglophile", + "agelicism", + "aglossal", + "agoraphobia", + "aioli", + "alimentation", + "allergenic", + "allocable", + "allonym", + "alluvial", + "alpestrine", + "althorn", + "ambrosial", + "ammonite", + "amygdala", + "anabolic", + "anaglyphy", + "analects", + "analepsis", + "anhinga", + "anicca", + "anionic", + "anise", + "annuity", + "anorak", + "anserine", + "antacid", + "antiquarian", + "apiary", + "apothecary", + "approbatory", + "aqueduct", + "aqueous", + "aquiclude", + "arboretum", + "arietta", + "armaments", + "armature", + "arrearage", + "art brut", + "auklet", + "aurora", + "avarice", + "avifauna", + "artesian", + "Asiago", + "aspish", + "assailant", + "asthmatic", + "astral", + "astringent", + "astrobleme", + "Astur", + "asylum", + "ataxia", + "Aten", + "atlatl", + "atresia", + "aubergine", + "bacteriolytic", + "balsamic", + "biomimicry", + "blastema", + "blastogenesis", + "bloviate", + "boffin", + "bonobo", + "bonsai", + "boomslang", + "borough", + "bariatrics", + "baronetcy", + "basilica", + "bastion", + "Bavarian cream", + "Bellatrix", + "benison", + "bereavement", + "beret", + "bermudas", + "beseech", + "besieged", + "bibliopegist", + "bifurcate", + "bilaterian", + "billabong", + "bowsprit", + "Brandywine", + "breviloquence", + "bric-a-brac", + "brockage", + "brontophobia", + "bruja", + "bubonic", + "buffa", + "bulgur", + "Bundt", + "buoyancy", + "burglarious", + "burgoo", + "cabaret", + "caducity", + "caftan", + "calumet", + "cambio", + "campanology", + "cancion", + "candelabrum", + "cannoli", + "cattalo", + "caudex", + "cauterize", + "cayenne", + "cellophane", + "Celsius", + "centenary", + "cetology", + "chamberlain", + "capillary", + "capnometer", + "carbohydrates", + "cartilage", + "Castilian", + "castor", + "catalina", + "cathode", + "circumflex", + "cladistics", + "clairvoyance", + "clavichord", + "cloture", + "coalescence", + "coaxation", + "codswallop", + "coercive", + "cogently", + "cogitation", + "chaperonage", + "charcuterie", + "charismatic", + "chevalier", + "chinook", + "cholera", + "cholesterol", + "chupacabra", + "churchianity", + "churros", + "ciao", + "cicada", + "Cincinnati", + "cohosh", + "coiffure", + "colic", + "collectanea", + "colocate", + "comanchero", + "comminatory", + "commiserative", + "commissioner", + "compendium", + "concision", + "concordance", + "Conestoga", + "conglutinant", + "connivery", + "consul", + "continuum", + "contrariwise", + "contumelious", + "Coptic", + "cordillera", + "Corinthian", + "cygnet", + "cynicism", + "cornea", + "cornel", + "corpulent", + "cortex", + "cozen", + "crepuscular", + "crescive", + "cribbage", + "cribble", + "cribo", + "crith", + "crustaceans", + "cum laude", + "cumulus", + "dactylic", + "Dalmatian", + "danseur", + "danta", + "deathin", + "debutante", + "deserter", + "desertification", + "diacritic", + "diadem", + "dialysis", + "Dianthus", + "diathermy", + "diatonic", + "dietetic", + "deceitful", + "deceleron", + "decennial", + "decimation", + "declination", + "decurion", + "deglaciation", + "déjà vu", + "delectable", + "deliquesce", + "demerits", + "demographics", + "denominator", + "denticulate", + "dihedral", + "diluent", + "dirigible", + "disjunct", + "dissonance", + "dodecahedron", + "dogana", + "dolma", + "dolmen", + "domiciled", + "domineering", + "Dorking", + "dromic", + "druid", + "drumlin", + "drupiferous", + "duchy", + "duplicitous", + "durango", + "epidermis", + "exogenous", + "episcopal", + "expectorant", + "expostulate", + "expunge", + "exsect", + "eradicate", + "ermine", + "extrapolate", + "errata", + "extravasate", + "extrorse", + "erubescent", + "eructation", + "eczema", + "escarpment", + "educand", + "espousal", + "estuary", + "étude", + "effraction", + "eucalyptus", + "eucrasia", + "europium", + "eustress", + "embolus", + "Evactor", + "evacuees", + "evo-devo", + "emulsify", + "ewer", + "ex libris", + "exaugural", + "ensued", + "entente", + "excision", + "environs", + "epenthesis", + "exeunt", + "epicurean", + "facundity", + "fajitas", + "farina", + "farkleberry", + "Farsi", + "farthingale", + "fatuously", + "feckless", + "fecund", + "fenestrated", + "fenster", + "fervorous", + "festooned", + "feudalism", + "fibula", + "fictile", + "Ficus", + "fipple", + "flagellum", + "flavedo", + "flèche", + "flittern", + "Florentine", + "floribunda", + "FLOTUS", + "focaccia", + "follicle", + "fontina", + "forbivorous", + "fortissimo", + "fratority", + "frison", + "frittata", + "froufrou", + "froward", + "fructiferous", + "frugivore", + "fucoid", + "fugue", + "fulminate", + "fussbudget", + "Gallic", + "gasiform", + "gaudery", + "gaur", + "genealogical", + "genome", + "gentilitial", + "galapago", + "gubernatorial", + "gustatory", + "gingivitis", + "glareous", + "glazier", + "glissando", + "goji berry", + "goosander", + "Gothamite", + "grandiloquent", + "grandrelle", + "graticule", + "gravimetry", + "greaves", + "Gregorian", + "grissino", + "groats", + "grobian", + "grotesqueness", + "habeas corpus", + "habiliments", + "hagiographer", + "halibut", + "Halifax", + "hallucinate", + "harbinger", + "harrier", + "harrumph", + "Hathor", + "Hawaiian", + "hawok", + "heinousness", + "heleoplankton", + "heliacal", + "heptad", + "hermeneutics", + "heterochromia", + "heterophony", + "hetman", + "heuristic", + "hibernaculum", + "hierurgical", + "hinoki", + "hipsterism", + "holmium", + "Holocaust", + "hologram", + "Holstein", + "homeostasis", + "homester", + "humidistat", + "hummock", + "hydrangea", + "hydrocortisone", + "hydroponic", + "hypogeous", + "hypotenuse", + "hyrax", + "incinerate", + "incitive", + "indict", + "indistinguishable", + "inducement", + "indulgent", + "ibex", + "Icarian", + "illative", + "immolate", + "impeachable", + "impecunious", + "impermeable", + "implicative", + "impresario", + "ingratiate", + "instigate", + "insufflator", + "interred", + "intuitable", + "iridescent", + "Isle Royale", + "jarl", + "jeepney", + "jicama", + "jimberjawed", + "jingoism", + "jitney", + "jocularity", + "jubilant", + "judicious", + "justiciable", + "jactance", + "jadeite", + "jalapeño", + "jambalaya", + "kaiser", + "karst", + "kinesiology", + "kleptocrat", + "krausen", + "krypton", + "lacustrine", + "laity", + "lambasted", + "lambently", + "languorous", + "lanolated", + "lantana", + "largesses", + "laudatory", + "lavender", + "legalese", + "legerity", + "lemniscus", + "luthier", + "lutrine", + "liaise", + "limned", + "limousine", + "limpa", + "limpkin", + "linnet", + "litmus", + "loch", + "logarithmic", + "logographic", + "lolled", + "lorikeet", + "lovage", + "luculent", + "lumen", + "machination", + "macropterous", + "macular", + "mandrill", + "marimba", + "millivolt", + "minacious", + "minestra", + "minette", + "mitigative", + "mochi", + "moissanite", + "monitory", + "marionette", + "marring", + "marsupial", + "matriculation", + "McCoy", + "medusa", + "melamine", + "melee", + "menagerie", + "mendicity", + "meningitis", + "merganser", + "metaplasia", + "metastasize", + "metatarsal", + "MIDI", + "millennial", + "millet", + "millisecond", + "monture", + "Moroccan", + "Motrin", + "movimento", + "muchacha", + "Munich", + "municipal", + "musketeers", + "Mylar", + "myocarditis", + "myoglobin", + "Namibian", + "nanotechnology", + "nautilus", + "necrotic", + "nectarine", + "neonatology", + "neoterism", + "neuropathy", + "Newfoundland", + "nitrate", + "nocive", + "no-goodnik", + "nomancy", + "nomenclature", + "nonage", + "nonchalance", + "Norovirus", + "Nostradamus", + "notoriety", + "novemdecillion", + "nubuck", + "nuciform", + "nucleated", + "numerology", + "nutation", + "nuzzer", + "okapi", + "olingo", + "omnilegent", + "oompah", + "operose", + "oppugn", + "Orion", + "obnebulate", + "obsecration", + "occipital", + "occultation", + "octonocular", + "Osloite", + "osprey", + "ossicle", + "osteopath", + "oxalis", + "parameters", + "paraplegic", + "parasol", + "parochial", + "parr", + "parsimony", + "Patagonia", + "pagoda", + "Paleozoic", + "palpebral", + "palpitant", + "pancetta", + "panegyric", + "papyrus", + "parabola", + "peacenik", + "peculate", + "pelagial", + "pelerine", + "pelf", + "pendragon", + "pendulous", + "penitentiary", + "pepita", + "peradventure", + "perilous", + "periodontist", + "peripheral", + "perpetrator", + "perseverance", + "persuasible", + "pollutant", + "pertinacity", + "polonium", + "pestilence", + "proletarian", + "petroleum", + "polyester", + "proliferate", + "phalanges", + "polygenous", + "phenotype", + "polypeptide", + "prolusory", + "philosophize", + "promontory", + "proprioceptive", + "phonetician", + "prorogue", + "phosphorescent", + "pomology", + "pompeii", + "phycology", + "protuberant", + "pongee", + "Pierre", + "proviant", + "pilaster", + "porcelain", + "proviso", + "puchero", + "pilferer", + "pilosity", + "pilotage", + "pinnacle", + "posterity", + "pious", + "pituitary", + "postural", + "praxis", + "plaintiff", + "planetesimal", + "plangency", + "planisphere", + "planogram", + "presentient", + "plantigrade", + "prespinous", + "plaudits", + "prevenient", + "plutonomy", + "princeps", + "poblano", + "privatim", + "podsnappery", + "probative", + "quadrillion", + "qualms", + "quinary", + "quince", + "quintessential", + "quittance", + "rambla", + "ramson", + "rankles", + "raptatorial", + "rasorial", + "reagent", + "realgar", + "reconcilable", + "reprisal", + "restitutory", + "résumé", + "retinol", + "retinoscopy", + "retrocedence", + "retrodict", + "recumbent", + "recusancy", + "refugium", + "regalia", + "regicide", + "regnal", + "remuneration", + "renitency", + "reparations", + "reverberant", + "ricochet", + "ritziness", + "Romano", + "Rubicon", + "rudiments", + "rugose", + "rustication", + "saltatory", + "sarmentum", + "sauger", + "scarab", + "scarlatina", + "scenographer", + "schnell", + "scintillation", + "sabbatical", + "sabotage", + "sailage", + "scrumptiously", + "scuppers", + "secant", + "sedge", + "sedum", + "seethe", + "senecio", + "seneschal", + "senna", + "sensei", + "sepulchral", + "sequential", + "severance", + "shar-pei", + "sheldrake", + "Shetland", + "shoji", + "simultaneity", + "singultus", + "sirenian", + "Sirius", + "smellfungus", + "stegosaur", + "steinkirk", + "stellular", + "stevia", + "stigmata", + "stimuli", + "stratocracy", + "striation", + "sobersides", + "solon", + "somniloquy", + "soppiness", + "Spaniel", + "spathe", + "spectrometer", + "spinosity", + "spiracle", + "sponsalia", + "sprightliness", + "sprue", + "statistician", + "syndicate", + "syntonize", + "syringe", + "subluxated", + "submersible", + "subversive", + "succussion", + "Sumatran", + "summoned", + "superficiality", + "superstitious", + "supplicate", + "supremacy", + "suture", + "sycophant", + "symposium", + "tae kwon do", + "tamworth", + "tapioca", + "tappet", + "tarlatan", + "Tasmanian", + "taverna", + "taxonomic", + "teemed", + "telepathic", + "telmatology", + "tensile", + "tercentenary", + "terra-cotta", + "terrarium", + "tetanus", + "Thailand", + "theomachy", + "theosophy", + "theriatrics", + "thoroughbred", + "thrasonical", + "thwartwise", + "thyme", + "trice", + "tricenary", + "triceratops", + "triforium", + "Tinseltown", + "trigeminal", + "triglycerides", + "titration", + "trillium", + "tomfoolery", + "tommyrot", + "trituration", + "tomography", + "trophic", + "Truckee", + "toorie", + "topgallant", + "tsk-tsked", + "tubular", + "toploftical", + "torsion", + "turgor", + "toties quoties", + "turken", + "toxicosis", + "turophile", + "turpentine", + "traiteur", + "tussock", + "transducer", + "tutti-frutti", + "transhumance", + "transience", + "transmissibility", + "tympanum", + "transmontane", + "typhlology", + "transpiration", + "transposable", + "travails", + "trellis", + "unchristened", + "ungetatable", + "upsilon", + "usurper", + "uveal", + "uvula", + "ufology", + "ulna", + "umbilical", + "una corda", + "vaccination", + "vagabonds", + "valerian", + "valuator", + "vandalize", + "varicose", + "variegated", + "vendage", + "veneer", + "ventricle", + "ventriloquy", + "verbena", + "verism", + "vermicide", + "vertigo", + "vincible", + "viscidity", + "volary", + "volucrine", + "volumetric", + "vetoed", + "vicenary", + "victimology", + "wallaby", + "Walter Mitty", + "widdershins", + "wobbulator", + "wolfsbane", + "yabbies", + "yardang", + "yawmeter", + "Yorkshire", + "zeppelin", + "zirconium", + "zocalo", + "zoetic", + "zoolatry", + "zowie", + "zurna", + "zydeco", + "zygote", + "tripe", + "slakes", + "commandments", + "decibels", + "incarnated", + "pews", + "spawned", + "expulsion", + "Laundromat", + "pervading", + "acclimate", + "indignant", + "chasm", + "horticulture", + "magistrates", + "punctually", + "koi", + "incited", + "deficiencies", + "thyroid", + "bureaucrats", + "kung fu", + "steeds", + "destitution", + "arable", + "contemptible", + "altimeter", + "insolent", + "shoal", + "perpendicularity", + "conciliatory", + "forsook", + "boba", + "frijoles", + "senescent", + "secreted", + "Chicana", + "bilge", + "Copenhagen", + "Bunsen burner", + "aerosol", + "photosynthesis", + "matterhorn", + "silicon", + "pixels", + "Albuquerque", + "antonyms", + "Mumbai", + "Trinidadian", + "turquoise", + "mangels", + "nopales", + "Assam", + "Gilgamesh", + "lanthanides", + "conjunto", + "antimony", + "amphoras", + "pinyin", + "hypocaust", + "avens", + "grebe", + "lymphoma", + "pipette", + "scandium", + "dendrochronology", + "leks", + "pullets", + "Macedonia", + "retinitis pigmentosa", + "centrifuge", + "fens", + "coleus", + "Tetrazzini", + "moira", + "Versailles", + "meitnerium", + "luciferin", + "Okefenokee", + "Popocatepetl", + "sphagnum", + "pronaos", + "à fond", + "à la grecque", + "ab aeterno", + "abaculus", + "abraum", + "acacia", + "ahuatle", + "Ahuehuete", + "ailette", + "aistopod", + "accordatura", + "acerola", + "acetaminophen", + "acharya", + "Achernar", + "acicula", + "acidophilus", + "acoel", + "acrogeria", + "acropachy", + "adscititious", + "Aegilops", + "aegrotat", + "aerophilatelic", + "aes rude", + "Aesir", + "affiche", + "ageusia", + "Aglaia", + "agrypnia", + "Aitutakian", + "anomaliped", + "anosognosia", + "antenatus", + "Antigua", + "Apabhramsa", + "ape-ape", + "ajimez", + "akaryote", + "akkum", + "alate", + "alcarraza", + "Alfvén", + "allochroous", + "almuerzo", + "alouatte", + "alpargata", + "altazimuth", + "amaryllis", + "amphistylar", + "amuse-gueule", + "anabathmoi", + "ancien régime", + "andouille", + "anemone", + "angiitis", + "aniseikonia", + "aphasia", + "Apistogramma", + "apophyge", + "Apostolici", + "Appaloosa", + "appetitost", + "après", + "Aramaic", + "Ardhamagadhi", + "Ardipithecus", + "ardoise", + "arenaceous", + "aretalogy", + "as nas", + "ascites", + "astaxanthin", + "Asura", + "asylee", + "au bleu", + "azotea", + "azulejo", + "baccate", + "Boise", + "bagwyn", + "bahr", + "boniface", + "bordereaux", + "Bosc", + "balata", + "balbriggan", + "baleen", + "bouillon", + "banh mi", + "Barnumesque", + "boutade", + "Bartókian", + "boutonniere", + "Barylambda", + "bozzetto", + "bas-relief", + "Braeburn", + "batamote", + "Baucis", + "buccal", + "bavardage", + "buñuelo", + "Beauceron", + "Bunyanesque", + "beaumontage", + "Burkinabe", + "Beaux arts", + "beccafico", + "Bêche-de-Mer", + "becquerel", + "ben trovato", + "berceuse", + "bergère", + "Bernoulli effect", + "bêtise", + "betony", + "beurre", + "Bezier curve", + "bhangra", + "bhikshuni", + "bisbigliando", + "bismillah", + "blottesque", + "cantatrice", + "caprifig", + "carcajou", + "carrageenan", + "Carrickmacross", + "cartouches", + "caryatid", + "Casimir effect", + "Castalia", + "catachresis", + "cataphora", + "catjang", + "cavalletti", + "caveola", + "cephalopod", + "cermet", + "chalaza", + "Chalcolithic", + "cabochon", + "Charon", + "ca’canny", + "chastushka", + "cacaxte", + "chasuble", + "cacoëthes", + "Caerphilly", + "chicanery", + "cahiers", + "chopine", + "caique", + "chorten", + "choucroute", + "caisson", + "ciénaga", + "calamondin", + "ciliopathy", + "caló", + "cire perdue", + "calusar", + "cirri", + "calvities", + "camarilla", + "cobalamin", + "Camembert", + "coccygeal", + "canaille", + "colcannon", + "colloque", + "colporteur", + "concatenate", + "consommé", + "copernicium", + "corrigenda", + "corybantic", + "cotoneaster", + "coulisse", + "coup de grace", + "courgette", + "couverture", + "creances", + "crokinole", + "croquembouche", + "croquignole", + "croustade", + "cryptozoa", + "cushag", + "cynocephali", + "Devanagari", + "dghaisa", + "dhole", + "diapason", + "Djibouti", + "dragée", + "drahthaar", + "Dubhe", + "Dubuque", + "duello", + "duxelles", + "daguerreotype", + "Darjeeling", + "darmstadtium", + "decastich", + "degauss", + "Deimos", + "Delmarva Peninsula", + "demurrage", + "Déné", + "dengue", + "dentifrice", + "dvandva", + "Dvorak", + "dysphasia", + "escheator", + "espadrille", + "espial", + "esplanade", + "estancia", + "estovers", + "estrepe", + "ethylene", + "étouffée", + "eudiometer", + "eisteddfod", + "eluate", + "embouchure", + "emolument", + "emphysema", + "Enoch Arden", + "enoki", + "epideictic", + "Equatoguinean", + "erythroblast", + "farfalle", + "farouche", + "fatshedera", + "fauchard", + "Feldenkrais", + "fellahin", + "fêng shui", + "ferruginous", + "fête champêtre", + "Firbolg", + "Formica", + "foudroyant", + "funori", + "furan", + "Furneaux", + "furuncle", + "gabarit", + "gaffe", + "gyokuro", + "gypsophila", + "gagaku", + "gaillardia", + "Galahad", + "gallivat", + "galoot", + "gambol", + "Gaspesian", + "gattine", + "gegenschein", + "genet", + "gesellschaft", + "giallolino", + "Gippsland", + "glabella", + "glacis", + "glengarry", + "glyceraldehyde", + "Gondwana", + "graywacke", + "Groenendael", + "guan", + "guapena", + "Guarnerius", + "guayabera", + "guerite", + "Guidonian", + "Gurmukhi", + "gyascutus", + "halala", + "Hamtramck", + "hangul", + "haupia", + "hebdomadal", + "Hebrides", + "hei-tiki", + "henotheism", + "hepatectomy", + "Herodotean", + "hiortdahlite", + "Hippolyta", + "holobenthic", + "hominin", + "hordeolum", + "hsaing-waing", + "Huallaga", + "huerta", + "Humboldt", + "hutia", + "hyssop", + "hysteresis", + "icosahedron", + "ikat", + "immie", + "incunabula", + "inglenook", + "ingot", + "integument", + "Inugsuk", + "Inuk", + "isagoge", + "Ishihara test", + "ichthyology", + "jai alai", + "jalousie", + "janthina", + "jasmone", + "joropo", + "Jumada", + "Jungian", + "kalimba", + "kalopanax", + "Kannada", + "kapparah", + "katakana", + "katana", + "kathakali", + "kepi", + "Keplerian", + "kerril", + "Keynesian", + "Kitksan", + "kiva", + "Kjeldahl", + "koh-i-noor", + "Koine", + "koji", + "korrigan", + "kriegspiel", + "Kuiper Belt", + "kwashiorkor", + "kyphoplasty", + "La Tène", + "laccolith", + "langrage", + "laterigrade", + "Latinxua", + "lebensraum", + "leberwurst", + "lecithin", + "lefse", + "lierre", + "ligas", + "limaçon", + "Llullaillaco", + "logothete", + "lokelani", + "luftmensch", + "lunulae", + "mortadella", + "macaque", + "motherumbung", + "mozo", + "macigno", + "muesli", + "mackinaw", + "macushla", + "mademoiselle", + "maillot", + "myeloma", + "Makgadikgadi Pans", + "Mandelbrot set", + "mandorla", + "mange-tout", + "mangonel", + "Manu", + "maquillage", + "marcel", + "maringouin", + "martinoe", + "mascarpone", + "mässig", + "medulla", + "megacephalic", + "meiosis", + "Menaia", + "microfiche", + "millegrain", + "Mirach", + "miscible", + "mondegreen", + "MOOC", + "moraine", + "nacelle", + "nahcolite", + "naricorn", + "naumachia", + "neem", + "Ner Tamid", + "Nethinim", + "Nicoise", + "nictitate", + "nidicolous", + "nisi", + "nival", + "ni-Vanuatu", + "niveau", + "nodosity", + "notturno", + "nouveau", + "Novanglian", + "nudibranch", + "nyctinasty", + "obeisant", + "odontiasis", + "ogival", + "olecranon", + "oleiculture", + "onomatopoeia", + "onychorrhexis", + "oolite", + "oopuhue", + "Oort cloud", + "Orinoco", + "oryx", + "ostium", + "oxyacetylene", + "parterre", + "pratique", + "pas seul", + "prêt-à-porter", + "pasilla", + "pastitsio", + "Promethean", + "promyshlennik", + "Patripassianism", + "pruritus", + "pejorate", + "psalmody", + "pekoe", + "pschent", + "perciatelli", + "ptyxis", + "pudibund", + "puerilely", + "Philistine", + "pylorus", + "philopatry", + "phloem", + "Pyxis", + "phlox", + "Phobos", + "photovoltaic", + "piatti", + "pierrot", + "piloncillo", + "pachyderm", + "pinniped", + "paella", + "piscivorous", + "pistou", + "Plantagenet", + "pneumatocyst", + "pampootie", + "pochoir", + "podagra", + "Panathenaea", + "point d’appui", + "Ponzi", + "panjandrum", + "portugais", + "pannose", + "porwigle", + "pothos", + "paramahamsa", + "pou sto", + "poudre B", + "Parmentier", + "prajna", + "parquet", + "pralltriller", + "qiyas", + "Quaoar", + "quasar", + "quattrocento", + "quonk", + "Quonset", + "raclette", + "rafflesia", + "rajpramukh", + "ranunculus", + "rapparee", + "Rastafarian", + "Rayleigh wave", + "redingote", + "rembrandt", + "rennet", + "rescissible", + "revanche", + "rhododendron", + "rhyton", + "rinceau", + "risorgimento", + "risposta", + "rissole", + "Robigalia", + "rocaille", + "rond de jambe", + "rondeau", + "ronin", + "rooseveltite", + "roseola", + "rubaiyat", + "rubato", + "rubefacient", + "ruelle", + "runcible spoon", + "rupicolous", + "ruscus", + "rutabaga", + "ryas", + "Ryeland", + "Ryukyu", + "Sbrinz", + "stupa", + "scaberulous", + "sturnine", + "scagliola", + "stygian", + "Schedar", + "schefflera", + "sciatica", + "succorance", + "sclaff", + "Sufi", + "scobiform", + "scrofula", + "Svengali", + "seraya", + "synanthrope", + "serin", + "sessile", + "Sfax", + "sforzando", + "Shawwal", + "Shiba Inu", + "shubunkin", + "silique", + "Sir Roger de Coverley", + "Skeltonic", + "smriti", + "soirée", + "sororal", + "saccharide", + "saeta", + "sostenuto", + "Sagittarius", + "souchong", + "sous vide", + "spiedini", + "sambal", + "sprechstimme", + "sravaka", + "Sangamon", + "Strelitzia", + "stretto", + "Saoshyant", + "Strigolniki", + "savoir faire", + "struthious", + "taal", + "tachyon", + "taedium vitae", + "tamari", + "tam-o’-shanter", + "tanager", + "tannined", + "taoiseach", + "tapetum", + "taurine", + "Tchefuncte", + "Tegucigalpa", + "telamon", + "teledu", + "telegnosis", + "temalacatl", + "teneramente", + "terai", + "teraphim", + "teratism", + "wabeno", + "Waf", + "Wampanoag", + "wapiti", + "weltschmerz", + "Wensleydale", + "wentletrap", + "whydah", + "wigan", + "witch of Agnesi", + "wushu", + "xerogel", + "xiphias", + "yosenabe", + "yttriferous", + "yuga", + "yuloh", + "yuzu", + "Terre Haute", + "trompe l’oeil", + "trous-de-loup", + "tetrachoric", + "trouvaille", + "Teutonic", + "thalassic", + "tsukupin", + "theca", + "tullibee", + "Theravada", + "turmeric", + "thimerosal", + "tusche", + "Thomism", + "Typhoean", + "thuluth", + "tic douloureux", + "tikka", + "tilleul", + "tinamou", + "tinnient", + "tintinnabulary", + "tmesis", + "toccata", + "toey", + "toile", + "Tok Pisin", + "tokonoma", + "tomahawk", + "tomalley", + "tonsillitis", + "topazolite", + "toreutics", + "toril", + "tourelle", + "zacate", + "towhee", + "Zamboni", + "trichinosis", + "Zanni", + "zapateado", + "trillado", + "Zdarsky tent", + "triquetra", + "zemi", + "triskelion", + "zimocca", + "tristeza", + "zortzico", + "trochee", + "ubi sunt", + "ubiquinone", + "ululate", + "unakite", + "unguiculate", + "uraeus", + "Ushuaia", + "varicella", + "velouté", + "vermeil", + "Véronique", + "vexillologist", + "vicissitudes", + "vigneron", + "vilipend", + "villi", + "vinaceous", + "vinaigrette", + "vizierial" + ] + }, + "note": "Coverage counts are not a claim of individual editorial verification. Missing fields need research." +} diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/reviewed_hints.json b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/reviewed_hints.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb3a428 --- /dev/null +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/reviewed_hints.json @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +{ + "bronze": { + "definition": "An alloy made chiefly of copper and tin, used for objects such as statues, tools, and bells.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "origin": "Borrowed from French, which took it from Italian bronzo. The earlier origin of the Italian term is uncertain.", + "sentence": "The sculptor cast the statue in bronze.", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright", + "source": "BeeBright, based on Wiktionary", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bronze", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0" + }, + "sky": { + "definition": "The open space above the earth where the sun, stars, and clouds appear.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "sentence": "The sky was clear today.", + "sentence_reference": "Original example requested by the user" + }, + "clarinet": { + "definition": "A woodwind instrument with a single reed and a cylindrical tube.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "sentence": "She played a low, mellow note on her clarinet.", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + }, + "elephant": { + "definition": "A very large mammal with a long trunk, broad ears, and thick legs.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "sentence": "The elephant lifted a branch with its trunk.", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + }, + "bango": { + "definition": "An East African reed used as roofing material.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "origin": "Borrowed from a local East African name for the plant; the dictionary does not identify the language.", + "sentence": "The builders thatched the roof with bango reeds.", + "source": "BeeBright, based on Merriam-Webster", + "source_url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bango", + "license": "", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + }, + "pillor": { + "definition": "To expose someone to public punishment or ridicule.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "origin": "Formed by shortening the English word pillory.", + "sentence": "The townspeople threatened to pillor the dishonest official.", + "source": "BeeBright, based on Merriam-Webster", + "source_url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pillor", + "license": "", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + }, + "cameist": { + "definition": "An artist who makes cameos.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "origin": "Formed from cameo and the suffix -ist, which denotes a person practicing an activity.", + "sentence": "The skilled cameist carved a tiny portrait in shell.", + "source": "BeeBright, based on Merriam-Webster", + "source_url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cameist", + "license": "", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + }, + "con forza": { + "definition": "With force or strength, as a musical direction.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian, literally meaning 'with force'.", + "sentence": "The pianist played the passage con forza for a powerful effect.", + "source": "BeeBright, based on Merriam-Webster", + "source_url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/con%20forza", + "license": "", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + } +} diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/word_hints.json b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/word_hints.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7b997c --- /dev/null +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/data/word_hints.json @@ -0,0 +1,35662 @@ +{ + "sky": { + "definition": "The open space above the earth where the sun, stars, and clouds appear.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Middle English sky (“sky; cloud; mist”), also spelled ski, skie, [and other forms], from Old Norse ský (“cloud”), from Proto-Germanic *skiwją (“cloud; sky”), from *skiwô (“cloud; cloud cover, haze; sky”) (whence Old English sċēo (“cloud”) and Middle English skew (“air; sky; (rare) cloud”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover; to conceal, hide”).\nPartly displaced Old English heofon, which survives in the reflex heaven, still sometimes used in the sense of sky, but usually in high or poetic register.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\nCognates\nThe English word is cognate with Old English scēo (“cloud”), Old Saxon scio, skio, skeo (“light cloud cover”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmål sky (“cloud”), Old Irish ceo (“mist, fog”), Irish ceo (“mist, fog”). It is also related to Old English scūa (“shadow, darkness”), Latin obscūrus (“dark, shadowy”), Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “he covers”). See also hide, hose, house, hut, shoe.", + "sentence": "The sky was clear today.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sky", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Original example requested by the user" + }, + "wow": { + "definition": "An indication of excitement, surprise, astonishment, or pleasure.", + "origin": "Attested since the 16th century; borrowed from Scots wow; ultimately a natural exclamation.", + "sentence": "Wow, I sure was surprised!", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wow", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "hug": { + "definition": "A close embrace, especially when charged with an emotion such as affection, joy, relief, lust, anger, aggression, compassion, or the like, as opposed to being characterized by formality, equivocation or ambivalence (a half-embrace).", + "origin": "From earlier hugge (“to embrace, clasp with the arms”) (1560), probably representing a conflation of huck (“to crouch, huddle down”) and Old Norse hugga (“to comfort, console”), from hugr (“mind, heart, thought”), from Proto-Germanic *hugiz (“mind, thought, sense”), cognate with Icelandic hugga (“to comfort”), Old English hyġe (“thought”) (whence high (Etymology 2)).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hug", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "snap": { + "definition": "To fracture or break apart suddenly.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nMiddle Dutch snappen\nDutch snappenbor.\nLow German snappenbor.\nEnglish snap\nFrom Dutch snappen (“to bite; seize”) or Low German snappen (“to bite; seize”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *snappōn, from Proto-Germanic *snappōną (“to snap; snatch; chatter”), intensive form of *snapāną (”to snap; grab”, whence Old Norse snapa (“to get; scrounge”)), from Proto-Indo-European *snop-; compare Lithuanian snãpas (“beak, bill”). (One alternative hypothesis links the Germanic words to *snu-, an expressive root deriving words meaning “nose”, “snout”, “sniff” etc., but this is phonetically unsound.) In any case influenced by onomatopoeia; note expressions such as snip-snap, containing the formally unrelated snip.\nCognate with West Frisian snappe (“to get; catch; snap”), German schnappen (“to grab”), Swedish snappa (“to snatch”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "If you bend it too much, it will snap.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snap", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "tape": { + "definition": "Thin and flat paper, plastic or similar flexible material, usually produced in the form of a roll.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nOld English tæppa\nMiddle English tape\nEnglish tape\nFrom Middle English tape, tappe, from Old English tæppa, tæppe (“ribbon, tape”); further origin unclear.\nProbably akin to Old Frisian tapia (“to pull, rip, tear”), Middle Low German tappen, tāpen (“to grab, pull, rip, tear, snatch”), Middle High German zāfen, zāven (“to pull, tear”).", + "sentence": "We made some decorative flowers out of the tape we bought.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tape", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "hard": { + "definition": "Resistant to pressure; difficult to break, cut, or penetrate.", + "origin": "From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kret- (“strong, powerful”).\nCognates\nCognate with Yola hard (“hard”), West Frisian hurd (“hard”), Alemannic German hert (“hard”), Bavarian hoat (“hard”), Central Franconian haat (“hard”), Dutch hard (“hard”), German hart (“hard”), Luxembourgish haart (“hard”), Danish and Swedish hård (“hard”), Faroese and Icelandic harður (“hard”), Norwegian Bokmål hard (“hard”), Norwegian Nynorsk hard, hard’u (“hard”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus, “hard”), Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong, mighty”), Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu, “power, might, ability”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (xratu).", + "sentence": "This bread is so stale and hard, I can barely cut it.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hard", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "why": { + "definition": "Introducing a complete question.", + "origin": "From Middle English why, from Old English hwȳ (“why”), from Proto-Germanic *hwī (“by what, how”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey, instrumental case of *kʷís (“who”), *kʷid (“what”).\nCognate with Old Saxon hwī (“why”), hwiu (“how; why”), Middle High German wiu (“how, why”), archaic Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hvi (“why”), Norwegian Nynorsk kvi (“why”), Swedish vi (“why”), Faroese and Icelandic hví (“why”), Latin quī (“why”), Doric Greek πεῖ (peî, “where”), Ukrainian чи (čy, “if”), Polish czy, Czech či (“or”), Serbo-Croatian či (“if”). Compare Old English þȳ (“because, since, on that account, therefore, then”, literally “by that, for that”). See thy.", + "sentence": "Why is the sky blue?", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/why", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "first": { + "definition": "Preceding all others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest.", + "origin": "From Middle English first, furst, ferst, fyrst, from Old English fyrest, from Proto-West Germanic *furist, from Proto-Germanic *furistaz (“first, foremost”), superlative of Proto-Germanic *furai, *furi (“before”), from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before”), from *per- (“before; first”), equivalent to fore + -est.\nCognates\nCognate with Scots first (“first”), Dutch voorste (“foremost, first”), vorst (“prince”), German Fürst (“chief, prince”, literally “first (born)”), Limburgish Vürsch (“prince”), Luxembourgish viischt (“anterior; forward”), Vilamovian fiyśt, fjəšt, fjyśt, fjyšt (“prince”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål først (“first”), Faroese and Icelandic fyrstur (“first”), Norwegian Nynorsk fyrst, først (“first”), Swedish först (“first”); also Latin prīnceps (“first, foremost; chief”), Greek παρ’ (par’), παρά (pará, “despite; less”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro, “from”), Albanian parë (“first; chief, main”), Latgalian pyrmais (“first”), Latvian pirmais (“first; foremost”), Lithuanian pirmas (“first; primary”), Bulgarian пъ́рви (pắrvi), пръ́в (prắv, “first”), Czech and Slovak prvý (“first”), Macedonian прв (prv), први (prvi, “first”), Polish piersy, pierwszy, pirszy (“first”), Russian пе́рвый (pérvyj, “first”), Serbo-Croatian пр̑вӣ, pȓvī (“first”), Slovene prvi (“first”), Armenian հարավ (harav, “south”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (paᵘruua, “before, first”), Tocharian A pärwat (“first”), Tocharian B parwe (“first”), Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva, “before”).", + "sentence": "Hancock was first to arrive.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/first", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "tide": { + "definition": "The associated flow of water.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *deh₂y-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *déh₂itis\nProto-Germanic *tīdiz\nProto-West Germanic *tīdi\nOld English tīd\nMiddle English tyde\nEnglish tide\nInherited from Middle English tyde, from Old English tīd, from Proto-West Germanic *tīdi, from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂itis, from *deh₂y- + *-tis. Related to time.\nCognate with Dutch tijd (“time”), German Zeit (“time”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish tid (“time”), Faroese and Icelandic tíð (“time”).", + "sentence": "A lot of driftwood was brought in on the tide.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tide", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bow": { + "definition": "To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend or incline, figuratively; to humble or subdue.", + "origin": "From Middle English bowe, from Old English boga, Proto-West Germanic *bogō, from Proto-Germanic *bugô.\nCognates\nCognate with Saterland Frisian Booge (“arch, bow, curve”), West Frisian bôge (“arc, arch, bow”), Dutch boog (“arc, arch, bow”), German Bogen (“arc, arch, bow, curve”), Luxembourgish Bou (“arc, arch, bow, curve”), Vilamovian böga (“arc, arch, bend, bow, curve”), Yiddish בויגן (boygn, “arc, arch, bow, curve”), Danish bue (“arc, arch, bow, curve”), Faroese and Icelandic bogi (“arch, bow, vault”), Jamtish buga (“bow”), Norwegian Bokmål bue (“arc, arch, bow”), Norwegian Nynorsk boge (“arc, arch, bow”), Swedish båge (“bow”), Crimean Gothic boga (“bow”).", + "sentence": "Adversities do more bow men's minds to religion.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bow", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Atheism”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:" + }, + "back": { + "definition": "At or near the rear.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.?\nProto-Germanic *baką\nProto-West Germanic *bak\nOld English bæc\nMiddle English bak\nEnglish back\nFrom Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.\nCompare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).", + "sentence": "Go in the back door of the house.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/back", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "find": { + "definition": "To encounter or discover by accident; to happen upon.", + "origin": "From Middle English finden, from Old English findan, from Proto-West Germanic *finþan, from Proto-Germanic *finþaną, a secondary verb from Proto-Indo-European *pent- (“to go, pass; path bridge”).\nSee also West Frisian fine, Low German finden, Dutch vinden, German finden, Danish finde, Norwegian Bokmål finne, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish finna; also English path, Old Irish étain (“I find”), áitt (“place”), Latin pōns (“bridge”), Ancient Greek πόντος (póntos, “sea”), Old Armenian հուն (hun, “ford”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬃 (paṇtā̊), Sanskrit पथ (pathá, “path”), Proto-Slavic *pǫtь.\nFor the meaning development compare Proto-Slavic *najьti > Russian найти́ (najtí), akin to Proto-Slavic *jьti > идти́ (idtí); Russian находи́ть (naxodítʹ), нахо́дка (naxódka), akin to ход (xod), ходи́ть (xodítʹ).", + "sentence": "She arrived home to find that the house had gone up in flames.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/find", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "name": { + "definition": "Any nounal word or phrase which indicates a particular person, place, class, or thing.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *h₁nómn̥\nEtymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥\nProto-Germanic *namô\nProto-West Germanic *namō\nOld English nama\nMiddle English name\nEnglish name\nFrom Middle English name, nome, from Old English nama, noma, from Proto-West Germanic *namō, from Proto-Germanic *namô (“name”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”).\nCognates\nGermanic Cognates: Yola naame, name, naume (“name”), North Frisian Naam, neem, noome, nööm (“name”), Saterland Frisian Nome, Noome (“name”), West Frisian namme (“name”), Alemannic German Naame, namä, noame, nomu, nàmund (“name”), Cimbrian naamo, name, nåm (“name”), Dutch naam, name (“name”), German Nahme, Name (“name”), German Low German Naam (“name”), Luxembourgish Numm (“name”), Mòcheno nu'm (“name”), Vilamovian noma (“name”), Yiddish נאָמען (nomen, “name”), Danish, Faroese and Norwegian Bokmål navn (“name”), Icelandic nafn (“name”), Norwegian Nynorsk nabn, namn (“name”), Swedish namn (“name”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉 (namō, “name”).\nIndo-European Cognates: Latin nōmen (“name”) (whence Spanish nombre (“name”)), Russian имя (imja, “name”), Ashkun nām (“name”), Kamkata-viri nom, num (“name”), Prasuni nom, nëmë (“name”), Waigali nām (“name”), Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man, “name”).\nPossible cognates outside of Indo-European include Finnish nimi (“name”) and Hungarian név (“name”). Doublet of nomen, noun, and -onym. False cognate of Japanese 名前 (namae).", + "sentence": "I've never liked the name my parents gave me so I changed it at the age of twenty.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/name", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "oops": { + "definition": "A minor mistake or unforeseen difficulty.", + "origin": "A presumably 'natural' exclamation, attested in writing since 1921. Related to or a variation of whoops (itself attested since 1933). A shortening of whoops-a-daisy, whoopsie-daisy, or oops-a-daisy, which in turn is a mispronunciation of ups-a-daisy or upsy-daisy.", + "sentence": "It's an oops, but one that's your fault, not your puppy's.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oops", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011, Housetraining, →ISBN, page 14:" + }, + "more": { + "definition": "Additional; further.", + "origin": "From Middle English more, from Old English māra (“more”), from Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō, from Proto-Germanic *maizô (“more”), from Proto-Indo-European *mē- (“many”).\nCognate with Scots mair (“more”), Saterland Frisian moor (“more”), West Frisian mear (“more”), Dutch meer (“more”), Low German mehr (“more”), German mehr (“more”), Danish mere (“more”), Swedish mera (“more”), Norwegian Bokmål mer (“more”), Norwegian Nynorsk meir (“more”), Faroese and Icelandic meira (“more”).", + "sentence": "If you run out, there are more bandages in the first aid cupboard.", + "part_of_speech": "det", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/more", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "toss": { + "definition": "A handover from one presenter to another, announced by the first presenter.", + "origin": "From Middle English tossen (“to buffet about, agitate, toss; to sift or winnow”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old Norse (compare dialectal Norwegian tossa, dialectal Swedish tossa (“to strew, spread”)), or perhaps from an alteration of Middle English tosen (“to tease, pull apart, shred; to wound, injure”). Compare also Dutch tassen (“to pile or heap up, stack”).\nThe Welsh tos (“a quick jerk”) and tosio (“to jerk, toss”) are probably borrowed from the English.", + "sentence": "The introduction would still be done by the Monitor host in New York's Studio 5B, followed by the toss to the newsperson in Washington.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toss", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, Dennis Hart, Monitor (Take 2) (page 87)" + }, + "chin": { + "definition": "The bottom of a face, (specifically) the typically jutting jawline below the mouth.", + "origin": "From Middle English chyn, from Old English ċinn (“chin”), from Proto-West Germanic *kinnu, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz (“chin”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“chin, jaw”).\nCompare West Frisian/Dutch kin, Low German/German Kinn, Danish kind, Icelandic kinn, Welsh gen, Latin gena, Tocharian A śanweṃ, Ancient Greek γένυς (génus, “jaw”), Armenian ծնոտ (cnot), Persian چانه (čâne), Sanskrit हनु (hánu). Doublet of gena.", + "sentence": "What does it mean to have a pointy chin instead of a flat chin?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "park": { + "definition": "A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, such as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like.", + "origin": "From Middle English park, from Old French parc (“livestock pen”), from Medieval Latin parcus, parricus, from Frankish *parrik (“enclosure, pen, fence”). Cognate with Dutch perk (“enclosure; flowerbed”), Old High German pfarrih, pferrih (“enclosure, pen”), Old English pearroc (“enclosure”) (whence modern English paddock), Old Norse parrak, parak (“enclosure, pen; distress, anxiety”), Icelandic parraka (“to keep pent in under restraint and coercion”). More at parrock, paddock.", + "sentence": "She went to the park for a jog with him.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/park", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bike": { + "definition": "Any vehicle sharing some characteristics with a bicycle or motorbike, such as pedal power, a handlebar, or a saddle.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *dwís\nProto-Italic *dwis\nOld Latin duis\nLatin bisder.\nFrench bi-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁-redup.\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos\nProto-Hellenic *kʷókʷlos\nProto-Hellenic *kúklos\nAncient Greek κῠ́κλος (kŭ́klos)der.\nLate Latin cyclusder.\nMiddle French\nFrench cycle\nFrench bicyclebor.\nEnglish bicycleclip.\nEnglish bike\nClipping of bicycle. First attested in 1882.\nOne explanation for the form with /k/ is that bicycle was parsed to bi(cy)c(le). An alternative explanation is that it was parsed to bic(ycle) but since speakers are aware of a general /k/~/s/ alternation (as in electric ~ electricity etc.), the softened /s/ was restored to a default /k/ when the “ending” -ycle was dropped. Similar cases are merc /mɜɹk/, spec /spɛk/ for mercenary, specify. It seems unlikely, however, that this process is purely phonological and not at least partially based on the spelling ⟨c⟩.", + "sentence": "He warmed up the engine; the bike hovered off the ground despite his weight and the extra equipment.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bike", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017 July 17, Nell's Tavern, Larry Brasington, page 50:" + }, + "nest": { + "definition": "A hideout for bad people to frequent or haunt; a den.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁en-?\nProto-Indo-European *ní\nProto-Indo-European *sed-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *nisdós\nProto-Germanic *nestą\nProto-West Germanic *nest\nOld English nest\nMiddle English nest\nEnglish nest\nFrom Middle English nest, nist, nyst, from Old English nest, from Proto-West Germanic *nest, from Proto-Germanic *nestą, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós (“nest”), literally \"where [the bird] sits down\", a compound of *ni (“down”) (whence also English nether) + the zero-grade of the root *sed- (“to sit”) (whence also English sit).", + "sentence": "That nightclub is a nest of strange people!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nest", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "rude": { + "definition": "Lacking in refinement or civility; bad-mannered; discourteous.", + "origin": "From Middle English rude, from Old French rude, ruide, from Latin rudis (“rough, raw, rude, wild, untilled”).", + "sentence": "This girl was so rude towards the cashier by screaming at him for no apparent reason.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "deal": { + "definition": "An indefinite quantity or amount; a lot (now usually qualified by great or good).", + "origin": "From Middle English del, dele, from Old English dǣl (“part, share, portion”), from Proto-West Germanic *daili, from Proto-Germanic *dailiz (“part, deal”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰ(h₁)-oy-lo- (“part, watershed”). Cognate with Scots dele (“part, portion”), West Frisian diel (“part, share”), Dutch deel (“part, share, portion”), German Teil (“part, portion, section”), Danish, Slovene, and Swedish del (“part”), Icelandic deila (“division, contention”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (dails, “portion”). Related to Old English dāl (“portion”). More at dole.", + "sentence": "There is a deal of obscurity concerning the identity of the species thus multitudinously baptized.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 32, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:" + }, + "store": { + "definition": "A place where items may be accumulated or routinely kept.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-der.\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂u-ro-\nProto-Italic *stauros\nLatin *staurō\nLatin īnstaurō\nProto-Italic *-āzi\n▲\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nLatin īnstaurāreder.\nAnglo-Norman storbor.\nMiddle English store\nEnglish store\nInherited from Middle English store, borrowed from Anglo-Norman stor, from Latin īnstaurāre, from īnstaurō + -āre.", + "sentence": "This building used to be a store for old tires.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/store", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "roads": { + "definition": "A roadstead.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/roads", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cool": { + "definition": "Of a mildly low temperature.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gel-der.\nProto-Indo-European *gól-\nProto-Germanic *kalanąder.\nProto-Germanic *kōluz\nProto-West Germanic *kōl(ī)\nOld English cōl\nMiddle English cool\nEnglish cool\nFrom Middle English cool, from Old English cōl (“cool, cold, tranquil, calm”), from Proto-West Germanic *kōl(ī), from Proto-Germanic *kōluz (“cool”), from *kalaną (“to be cold, to freeze”), Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold, to freeze”).\nCognates\nCognate with North Frisian kool, koul, kuul, kölj, kööl (“cold”), Saterland Frisian köil (“cool”), West Frisian koel (“cool”), Cimbrian khuul (“chilly, cool”), Dutch koel (“cool”), German kühl (“cool”), Low German köhl (“cool”), Luxembourgish kill (“cool”), Vilamovian kił (“cool”); also Latin gelū, gelum, gelus (“frost; chill, cold”), Belarusian хо́лад (xólad, “cold”), Bulgarian хлад (hlad, “chill, coolness”), Czech chlad (“cold”), Macedonian лад (lad, “shade; coolness”), Polish chłód (“cold”), Russian and Ukrainian хо́лод (xólod, “cold”), Serbo-Croatian хла̑д, hlȃd (“shade”), Sanskrit जड (jaḍa, “cold; stiff”), जल (jala, “water”). Related to cold.", + "sentence": "I like cool weather the most 'cause it's not too hot to wear a jacket but I won't be too cold in my shorts.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cool", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "heap": { + "definition": "A great number or large quantity of things.", + "origin": "From Middle English hepe, from Old English hēap, from Proto-West Germanic *haup, from Proto-Germanic *haupaz (compare Dutch hoop, German Low German Hupen, German Haufen), from Proto-Indo-European *koupos (“hill”) (compare Lithuanian kaũpas, Albanian qipi (“stack”), Avestan 𐬐𐬂𐬟𐬀 (kåfa)).", + "sentence": "I have noticed a heap of things in my life.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heap", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1878, Robert Louis Stevenson, Will o' the Mill:" + }, + "ladder": { + "definition": "A frame, usually portable, of wood, metal, or rope, used for ascent and descent, consisting of two side pieces to which are fastened rungs (cross strips or rounds acting as steps).", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English ladder, laddre; from Old English hlǣder, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaidriju, from Proto-Germanic *hlaidrijō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlóydʰrom, from *ḱley- (“to lean”).\nCompare Scots ledder, North Frisian ladder, Saterland Frisian Laadere, West Frisian ljedder, Dutch ladder, German Leiter; also Old Irish clithar (“hedge”), and Umbrian 𐌊𐌋𐌄𐌈𐌓𐌀𐌌 (kleθram, “stretcher”). See lean, which is related to lid.\nFurther cognates include Ashkun istrī, Kamkata-viri c̣ik, Prasuni čik, čix; Waigali c̣iř, Sanskrit श्रिति (śrití).", + "sentence": "The form of a man was seen to enter, and both the females rushed up the ladder, as if equally afraid of the consequences.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ladder", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1851, J[ames] Fenimore Cooper, “Chapter XXIII”, in The Pathfinder; or, The Inland Sea … Complete in One Volume. Revised and Corrected, with a New Introduction, Notes, &c., by the Author (The Leather-stocking Tales; III), rev. edition, New York, N.Y.: George P[almer] Putnam, 155 Broadway, →OCLC, page 411:" + }, + "tug": { + "definition": "A sudden powerful pull.", + "origin": "From Middle English tuggen, from Old English togian (“to tow”), from Proto-West Germanic *togōn, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną (“to draw, pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull; to lead”).\nCognates\nCognate with German zögern (“to hesitate, pause”), Faroese and Icelandic toga (“to pull”), French touer (“to tow, tug a ship”); also Welsh dwyn (“to steal; to take; to bring to”), Latin dūcō (“to conduct, guide, lead; to take; to draw, pull; to consider, think; to prolong; to march; to forge”), Ancient Greek δαδύσσομαι (dadússomai, “to be distracted”), Albanian nduk (“to pluck out, pull out, tear”), Central Kurdish دۆشین (doşîn, “to milk”), Northern Kurdish dotin, doşîn, دۆشین (doşîn, “to milk”), Ossetian ду́цын (dúcyn, “to milk”), Pashto لوشل (lwašal, “to milk; to extort”), Persian دوشیدن (dōšīdan / dušidan), دوشتن (duštan), دوختن (dōxtan / duxtan, “to milk”). Related to tow.", + "sentence": "At the tug he falls, / Vast ruins come along, rent from the smoking walls.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tug", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1697, Virgil, “The Eleventh Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "spoon": { + "definition": "An implement for eating or serving; a scooped utensil whose long handle is straight, in contrast to a ladle.", + "origin": "From Middle English spoon, spoune, spone, spon (“spoon, chip of wood”), from Old English spōn (“sliver, chip of wood, shaving”), from Proto-West Germanic *spānu, from Proto-Germanic *spēnuz (“chip, flake, shaving”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peH- (“chip, shaving, log, length of wood”).\nCognate with Scots spun, spon (“spoon, shingle”), West Frisian spoen (“chip”), Dutch spaan (“chip, flinders”), German Span (“chip, flake, shaving”), Swedish spån (“chip, flake”), Norwegian Nynorsk spon (“chip, spoon”), Faroese spónur (“wood chip; spoon”), Ancient Greek σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”)(though the connection to the Greek is likely impossible by modern reconstructions of PIE). Eclipsed non-native Middle English cuculer, coclear (“spoon”), from Old English cuculer, cuceler, cucler, borrowed from Latin cochlear (“spoon”).\nThe \"metaphoric unit of personal energy\" sense was coined by writer and disability advocate Christine Miserandino in 2003 (see spoon theory).", + "sentence": "He must have a long spoon that must eat with the devil.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spoon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:" + }, + "spark": { + "definition": "To trigger, kindle into activity (an argument, etc).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *sparkō\nOld English spearca\nMiddle English sparke\nEnglish spark\nFrom Middle English sparke, sperke, from Old English spearca, from Proto-West Germanic *sparkō (compare Saterland Frisian Spoorke, West Frisian spark, Dutch spark, German Low German Sparke, German Sparke), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *sparkaz (“lively, energetic”), from Proto-Indo-European *sperg- (“to strew, sprinkle”) (compare Breton erc’h (“snow”), Latin spargō (“to scatter, spread”), sparsus (“scattered”), Lithuanian sprógti (“to germinate”), Ancient Greek σπαργάω (spargáō, “to swell”), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬔𐬀 (frasparega, “branch, twig”), Sanskrit पर्जन्य (parjanya, “rain, rain god”)).", + "sentence": "But even among these, one particular tip would spark the police force’s interest.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spark", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2026 August 24, Sthitapragya Chakraborty, “Leah Roberts, 23, Disappeared on a Kerouac-Inspired Road Trip in 2000. Her Jeep Was Found Crashed in Washington”, in Skip Boring, archived from the original on 25 Aug 2026:" + }, + "later": { + "definition": "Afterward in time (used with than when comparing with another time).", + "origin": "* Adverb: From Middle English later, latere, from Old English lator, equivalent to late + -er.\n* Adjective: From Middle English later, latere, from Old English lætra, equivalent to late + -er.\nCognate with Saterland Frisian leeter (“later”), West Frisian letter (“later”), Dutch later (“later”), German Low German later (“later”).", + "sentence": "I arrived later than my roommate.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/later", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "hair": { + "definition": "Specifically, the collection of hairs on the top and sides of the human head, growing from the scalp.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *hērą\nProto-West Germanic *hār\nOld English hǣr\nMiddle English her\nEnglish hair\nFrom Middle English her, heer, hær, from Old English hǣr, from Proto-West Germanic *hār, from Proto-Germanic *hērą (“hair”), from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scrape, comb”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian Hier, Híer (“hair”), West Frisian hier (“hair”), Cimbrian haar, har (“hair”), Dutch haar (“hair”), German and Low German Haar (“hair”), Luxembourgish Hoer (“hair”), Mòcheno hor (“hair”), Yiddish האָר (hor, “hair”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish hår (“hair”), Faroese and Icelandic hár (“hair”). Eclipsed non-native Middle English cheveler, chevelere (“hair”), borrowed from Old French chevelëure (“hair, head-hair, coiffure, wig”).\nThe modern spelling with ai is not a regular representation of the vowel developed from Middle English. Rather, it is from Middle English here (haircloth) influenced by Old French haire.", + "sentence": "In the western world, women usually have long hair while men usually have short hair.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hair", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "open": { + "definition": "Able to have something pass through or along it.", + "origin": "Adjective from Middle English open, from Old English open (“open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“up from under, over”).\nCognates\n* Scots apen (“open”)\n* Saterland Frisian eepen (“open”)\n* West Frisian iepen (“open”)\n* Cimbrian offe (“open”)\n* Dutch open (“open”)\n* German offen (“open”)\n* Vilamovian ufa, uffa (“open”)\n* Yiddish אָפֿן (ofn, “open”)\n* Danish åben (“open”)\n* Icelandic opinn (“open”)\n* Norwegian Bokmål åpen (“open”)\n* Norwegian Nynorsk open (“open”)\n* Swedish öppen (“open”)\nCompare also Latin supinus (“on one's back, supine”), Albanian hap (“to open”). Related to up.\nVerb from Middle English openen, from Old English openian (“to open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opanōn, from Proto-Germanic *upanōną (“to raise; lift; open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”, adjective). Cognate with Saterland Frisian eepenje (“to open”), West Frisian iepenje (“to open”), Dutch openen (“to open”), German öffnen (“to open”), Danish åbne (“to open”), Swedish öppna (“to open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpne (“to open”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic opna (“to open”). Related to English up.\nNoun from Middle English open (“an aperture or opening”), from the verb. In the sports sense, however, a shortening of “open competition”.", + "sentence": "Come in – the door's open.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/open", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "this": { + "definition": "The (thing) here (used in indicating something or someone nearby).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *só, *to-\nProto-Germanic *sa, *þas\nProto-Germanic *-si\nProto-Germanic *þassi\nProto-West Germanic *þassi\nProto-Anglo-Frisian *þēs\nOld English þes\nMiddle English þis\nEnglish this\nFrom Middle English þis, this, from Old English þis (neuter demonstrative), from the North Sea Germanic base *þa- (“that”), from Proto-Germanic *þat, from Proto-Indo-European *tód, extended form of demonstrative base *to-; + North-West Germanic definitive suffix *-s, from Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”).\nCognate with Scots this (“this”), Saterland Frisian dusse (“this”), West Frisian dizze (“this”), German dies, dieses (“this”), Old Gutnish þissi (“this”).", + "sentence": "This classroom is where I learned to read and write.", + "part_of_speech": "det", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/this", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "his": { + "definition": "Belonging to a person of unspecified gender.", + "origin": "From Middle English hes, from Old English his (“his; its”), from Proto-Germanic *hes (“of this”), genitive of Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this”). Cognate with Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic hans (“his”). More at he; see also its.", + "sentence": "The theist must enter the arena with a positive and comprehensive case of his own.", + "part_of_speech": "det", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/his", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, Norman L. Geisler, Winfried Corduan, Philosophy of Religion: Second Edition, page 9:" + }, + "May": { + "definition": "A female given name, usually pet name for Mary and Margaret, reinforced by the month and plant meaning.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *méǵh₂sder.?\nLatin Maia\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Italic *-os\nArchaic Latin -os\nLatin -us\nLatin Maiusder.\nOld French maibor.\nMiddle English May\nEnglish May\nFrom Middle English May, Mai, from Old French mai, from Latin Maius (“Maia's month”), from Maia, a Roman earth goddess.", + "sentence": "But Owen calls her Lily May.\"", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/May", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1856, E. D. E. N. Southworth, The Widow's Son, T. B. Peterson, published 1867, page 210:" + }, + "grid": { + "definition": "A system for delivery of electricity, consisting of various substations, transformers and generators, connected by wire.", + "origin": "Back-formation or clipping of griddle or gridiron.", + "sentence": "You can't turn off the building from here; you have to shut down the whole grid.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1988, Die Hard (movie)" + }, + "wag": { + "definition": "To swing from side to side, as an animal's tail, or someone's head to express disagreement or disbelief.", + "origin": "From Middle English waggen, probably from Old English wagian (“to wag, wave, shake”) with reinforcement from Old Norse vaga (“to wag, waddle”); both from Proto-Germanic *wagōną (“to wag”). Related to English way.\nThe verb may be regarded as an iterative or emphatic form of waw (verb), which is often nearly synonymous; it was used, e.g., of a loose tooth. Parallel formations from the same root are the Old Norse vagga feminine, cradle (Swedish vagga, Danish vugge), Swedish vagga (“to rock a cradle”), vugge (“to rock a cradle”), Dutch wagen (“to move”), early modern German waggen (dialectal German wacken) to waver, totter. Compare waggle, verb", + "sentence": "No discerner durst wag his tongue in censure.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wag", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:" + }, + "near": { + "definition": "Physically close.", + "origin": "From Middle English nere, ner, from Old English nēar (“nearer”, comparative of nēah (“nigh”), the superlative would become next), influenced by Old Norse nær (“near”), both originating from Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz (“nearer”), comparative of the adverb *nēhw (“near”), from the adjective *nēhwaz, ultimately from Pre-Proto-Germanic *h₂nḗḱwos, a lengthened-grade adjective derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).\nCognates\nCognate with North Frisian nai, noi, näi (“close, near”), Saterland Frisian nai (“close, near”), Dutch na (“close”), naar (“to, towards”), Dutch Low Saxon nao (“after”), German nach (“after”), nahe (“near”), näher (“nearer”), German Low German nao, nå (“towards”), Luxembourgish no (“after”), Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk nær (“close, near”), Swedish när, nära (“close, near”), Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐍈 (nēƕ, “close, near”). See also nigh.\nNear appears to be derived from (or at the very least influenced by) the North Germanic languages; as opposed to nigh, which continues the inherited West Germanic adjective. Both, however, are ultimately derived from the same Proto-Germanic root: *nēhw (“near, close”).", + "sentence": "I can't see near objects very clearly without my glasses.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/near", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "zip": { + "definition": "To move in haste (in a specified direction or to a specified place).", + "origin": "Onomatopoeic.", + "sentence": "Zip down to the shops for some milk.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zip", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "rug": { + "definition": "A (usually thick) piece of fabric used for warmth (especially on a bed); a blanket.", + "origin": "Uncertain; probably of North Germanic origin; perhaps inherited via Middle English *rugge (suggested by Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”) and rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”), probably related to *rūhaz (“rough”), related to English rag and rough.\nCognate with dialectal Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”), Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”), related to English rag and rough. Compare also Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”).", + "sentence": "He brought with him a rug and a sheet, and lay down by the fire.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rug", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997, Alan Sharpe, Vivien Encel, Murder!: 25 True Australian Crimes, page 22:" + }, + "pat": { + "definition": "The sound of a light slap or tap with a soft flat object, especially of a footstep.", + "origin": "From Middle English pat (“a blow, stroke”), alteration (with loss of medial l) of *plat (> Scots plat (“a blow, buffet”)), from Old English plætt (“a sounding blow, a smack”), from Proto-West Germanic *platt (“a smack, slap, blow”), from Proto-Germanic *plat- (“to strike, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *blod-, *bled- (“to strike, beat”). Cognate with Middle Dutch plat (“a smack, blow, slap”), Middle Low German plat (“a smack, blow, beating”), Middle High German plaz, blaz (“a resounding blow, bang, crash”). For loss of l, compare patch for platch; pate for plate, etc. See plat.", + "sentence": "We heard a pat on the door.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pole": { + "definition": "For a meromorphic function f(z), any point a for which f(z)→∞ as z→a.", + "origin": "From Middle French pole, pôle, from Latin polus, from Ancient Greek πόλος (pólos, “axis of rotation”).", + "sentence": "The function f(z)#61;#92;frac#123;1#125;#123;z-3#125; has a single pole at z#61;3.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pole", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "snake": { + "definition": "Any of the suborder Serpentes of legless reptiles with long, thin bodies and fork-shaped tongues.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *sneganą\nProto-Germanic *snakaną\nProto-West Germanic *snakan\nProto-Indo-European *-ō\nProto-Germanic *-ô\nProto-West Germanic *-ō\nProto-West Germanic *snakō\nOld English snaca\nMiddle English snake\nEnglish snake\nFrom Middle English snake, from Old English snaca (“snake, serpent, reptile”), from Proto-West Germanic *snakō (“slider, snake”), from *snakan (“to creep, slide”), related to Old High German snahhan (“to sneak, slide”). Compare also Proto-Germanic *snēkô (“creeper, crawler”).\nCognate with German Low German Snake, Snaak (“snake”), dialectal German Schnake (“adder”), Danish snog (“grass snake”), Swedish snok (“grass snake”), Norwegian Nynorsk snåk (“viper, adder”), Faroese snákur (“grass snake”), Icelandic snákur (“snake”).", + "sentence": "The man writhed like a trampled snake, and a red foam bubbled from his lips.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snake", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1892, Oscar Wilde, A House of Pomegranates:" + }, + "mound": { + "definition": "An elevated area of dirt upon which the pitcher stands to pitch.", + "origin": "From earlier meaning \"hedge, fence\", from Middle English mound, mund (“protection, boundary, raised earthen rampart”), from Old English mund (“hand, hand of protection, protector, guardianship”), from Proto-West Germanic *mundu, from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”), *munduz (“protection, patron”), from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂-nt-éh₂ (“the beckoning one”), from *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon”).\nCognate with Old Frisian mund (“guardianship”), Middle Dutch mond (“protection”), Old High German munt (“hand, protection”) German Mündel (“ward”), Vormund (“guardian”)), Icelandic and Old Norse mund (“hand”), and possibly Latin manus (“hand”), Ancient Greek μάρη (márē, “hand”). Not related to mount.", + "sentence": "The pitcher was waiting at the mound.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mound", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "grand": { + "definition": "Large, senior (high-ranking), intense, extreme, or exceptional", + "origin": "From Middle English grand, grond, graund, graunt, from Anglo-Norman graunt, from Old French grant, from Latin grandis. Doublet of grande and grandee.", + "sentence": "The Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grand", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gross": { + "definition": "remarkably great, big, vast in an often unpleasant way; (of behaviour) Highly or conspicuously offensive.", + "origin": "From Middle English gros (“large, thick, full-bodied; coarse, unrefined, simple”), from Old French gros, from Latin grossus (“big, fat, thick”, in Late Latin also “coarse, rough”), of uncertain further origin but perhaps related to Proto-Celtic *brassos (“great, violent”).", + "sentence": "Your very faults, how gross soere, to me / Have something pleasing in ’em.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gross", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1682, Aphra Behn, “The City-Heiress”, in et al., London: D. Brown, act IV, scene 1, page 40:" + }, + "wish": { + "definition": "A desire, hope, or longing for something or for something to happen.", + "origin": "From Middle English wisshen, wischen, wüschen, from Old English wȳsċan (“to wish”), from Proto-West Germanic *wunskijan, from Proto-Germanic *wunskijaną (“to wish”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish, love”).\nCognate with Scots wis (“to wish”), Saterland Frisian wonskje (“to wish”), West Frisian winskje (“to wish”), Dutch wensen (“to wish”), German wünschen (“to wish”), Luxembourgish wënschen (“to wish”), Yiddish ווינטשן (vintshn, “to wish”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål ønske (“to wish”), Faroese ynskja (“to wish, to desire”), Icelandic æskja, óska (“to wish”), Norwegian Nynorsk ønskja, ønskje, ønska, ønske, ynskja, ynskje (“to wish, to desire”), Swedish önska (“to wish”). Via PIE cognate with Latin Venus, veneror (“venerate, honour, love”), English wonder.", + "sentence": "It is my wish that the bequest (should) be given to an almshouse.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "wake": { + "definition": "The area behind a moving person or object.", + "origin": "Probably from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch wake, from or akin to Old Norse vǫk (“a hole in the ice”) ( > Danish våge, Icelandic vök), from Proto-Germanic *wakwō (“wetness”), from Proto-Indo-European *wegʷ- (“moist, wet”).", + "sentence": "The player left the rest of the field trailing in her wake.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wake", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "vase": { + "definition": "An upright open container used mainly for displaying fresh, dried, or artificial flowers.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French vase, from Latin vās. Doublet of vas.", + "sentence": "I hope you know the difference between a vase (/veɪ̯s/) and a vase (/vɑz/)?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vase", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018, Alan Kooi Simpson, A Eulogy for George H. W. Bush, Washington National Cathedral:" + }, + "tune": { + "definition": "A melody.", + "origin": "From Middle English tune, an unexplained variant of tone, from Old French ton, from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “a tone”). Doublet of tone, ton, and tonus.", + "sentence": "Eric played a catchy tune on his acoustic guitar and Alyssa played the drums.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tune", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "coat": { + "definition": "An outer garment covering the upper torso and arms.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *kuttôbor.\nLatin cotta\nOld French cottebor.\nMiddle English cote\nEnglish coat\nFrom Middle English cote, coate, cotte, from Old French cote, cotte (“outer garment with sleeves”), from Latin cotta (“undercoat, tunic”), from Proto-Germanic *kuttô, *kuttǭ (“cowl, woolen cloth, coat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷewd-, *gud- (“woolen clothes”).\nCognate with Old High German kozza, kozzo (“woolen coat”) (German Kotze (“coarse woolen blanket; woolen cape”)), Middle Low German kot (“coat”), Middle Dutch cote (“coat”), Ancient Greek βεῦδος (beûdos, “woman's attire”).", + "sentence": "He wore shepherd's plaid trousers and the swallow-tail coat of the day, with a figured muslin cravat wound about his wide-spread collar.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1906, Stanley J[ohn] Weyman, chapter I, in Chippinge Borough, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., →OCLC, page 01:" + }, + "four": { + "definition": "A numerical value equal to 4; the number following three and preceding five.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *kʷetwóres\nEtymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr\nProto-Germanic *fedwōr\nProto-West Germanic *feuwar\nOld English fēower\nMiddle English four\nEnglish four\nFrom Middle English four, from Old English fēower, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from previous pre-Grimm *petwṓr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres. Doublet of cuatro and quatre.\nCognates include Scots fower, Saterland Frisian fjauer, West Frisian fjouwer, Dutch vier, German Low German veer, German vier, Norwegian Bokmål and Danish fire, Swedish fyra, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 (fidwōr) and, more distantly, Latin quattuor (whence Spanish cuatro, French quatre), Ancient Greek τέσσαρες (téssares), Irish ceathair, Welsh pedwar, Armenian չորս (čʻors), Lithuanian keturi, Albanian katër, Sanskrit चतुर् (catur).", + "sentence": "There are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.", + "part_of_speech": "num", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/four", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "block": { + "definition": "A substantial, often approximately cuboid, piece of any substance.", + "origin": "From Middle English blok (“log, stump, solid piece”), from Old French bloc (“log, block”), from Middle Dutch blok (“treetrunk”), from Old Dutch *blok (“log”), from Proto-West Germanic *blokk, from Proto-Germanic *blukką (“beam, log”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“thick plank, beam, pile, prop”). Cognate with Old Frisian blok, Old Saxon blok, Old High German bloh, bloc (“block”), Old English bolca (“gangway of a ship, plank”), Old Norse bǫlkr (“divider, partition”). More at balk. See also bloc, bulk.", + "sentence": "She picked up the block and examined it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/block", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "stove": { + "definition": "A heater, a closed apparatus to burn fuel for the warming of a room.", + "origin": "From Middle Dutch stove and/or Middle Low German stove (compare Dutch stoof (“foot stove”), German Low German Stuve, Stuuv), both from Proto-West Germanic *stubu (“heated room, bathroom, stove”), further origin uncertain. The Germanic words are very old, and are the source of the Slavic and Romance terms. It is often speculated that the Germanic terms were borrowed from Vulgar Latin *extūfa, *extūfāre (“to heat with steam”), from Latin ex- + *tūfus (“hot vapor”), from Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever”).\nCognates\nCognate with Old English stofa (“bathroom, bathhouse”), stufbæþ (“hot-air bath”), Old High German stuba (“heated room, bathroom”) (whence German Stube (“living room, room, parlour”), Hungarian szoba (“room”)), Old Norse stofa (whence Danish stue (“living room, room”), Faroese stova (“living room, house”), Icelandic stofa (“living room”), Norwegian Bokmål stue (“cottage, cabin, living room”), Norwegian Nynorsk stove (“cottage, cabin, living room”), Swedish stuga (“cottage, cabin, living room”)).\nDoublet of stufa.", + "sentence": "Lord James still set in one of the chairs and Applegate had cabbaged the other and was hugging the stove.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stove", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VIII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:" + }, + "bedroom": { + "definition": "A room in a house, apartment, hotel, or other dwelling where a bed is kept for sleeping.", + "origin": "From bed + room.", + "sentence": "Please don't enter my bedroom without knocking.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bedroom", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "branch": { + "definition": "A location of an organization with several locations.", + "origin": "From Middle English branche, braunche, bronche, from Old French branche, branke, from Late Latin branca (“footprint”, later also “paw, claw”) (whence Middle High German pranke, German Pranke (“paw”)), of unknown origin.\nPerhaps of Celtic origin, from a hypothetical Gaulish *vranca, from Proto-Indo-European *wrónk-eh₂. If so, then Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rá, vró (“angle, corner”), and possibly Lithuanian rankà (“hand”), Old Church Slavonic рѫка (rǫka, “hand”), Albanian rangë (“yardwork”).\nThe verb is from Middle English braunchen, from the noun.", + "sentence": "Our main branch is downtown, and we have branches in all major suburbs.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/branch", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "letter": { + "definition": "A written or printed communication, usually defined as longer and more formal than a note. (Sometimes specifically one that is on paper.)", + "origin": "From Middle English letter, lettre, from Old French letre, from Latin littera (“letter of the alphabet\"; in plural, \"epistle”). Displaced Old English bōcstæf (literally “book staff”) in sense 1 and ǣrendġewrit (literally “message writing”) in sense 2.", + "sentence": "I wrote a letter to my sister about my life.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/letter", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "spring": { + "definition": "To grow, to sprout.", + "origin": "From Middle English springen, from Old English springan (“to spring, leap, bounce, sprout forth, emerge, spread out”), from Proto-West Germanic *springan, from Proto-Germanic *springaną (“to burst forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *spre(n)ǵʰ- (“to move, race, spring”), from *sperǵʰ- (“to hurry”).\nCognates\n* Saterland Frisian springe\n* West Frisian springe\n* Dutch springen\n* German Low German springen\n* German springen\n* Danish springe\n* Swedish springa\n* Norwegian springe\n* Faroese springa\n* Icelandic springa (“to burst, explode”).\nOther possible cognates include Lithuanian spreñgti (“to push (in)”), Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (pręsti, “to spin, to stretch”), Latin spargere (“to sprinkle, to scatter”), Ancient Greek σπέρχω (spérkhō, “to hasten”), Sanskrit स्पृहयति (spṛháyati, “to be eager”). Some newer senses derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "To satisfie the desolate and waste ground, and to cause the bud of the tender herbe to spring forth.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spring", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 38:25–27:" + }, + "dance": { + "definition": "A sequence of rhythmic steps or movements usually performed to music, for pleasure or as a form of social interaction.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nVulgar Latin *dantiāreder.\nAnglo-Norman dauncerbor.\nMiddle English dauncen\nEnglish dance\nInherited from Middle English dauncen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman dauncer, from Vulgar Latin *dantiāre, of uncertain origin. Displaced native Old English sealtian, Old English frīcian, and partially displaced Old English hlēapan (“to leap, dance, run”, whence modern leap). Doublet of danza.", + "sentence": "I do a dance when she plays the drums!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "front": { + "definition": "The side of a building with the main entrance.", + "origin": "From Middle English front, frunt, frount, from Old French front, frunt, from Latin frōns, frontem (“forehead”). Doublet of frons.", + "sentence": "I'll go out the front, and you go out the back.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/front", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "roast": { + "definition": "A piece of meat suited to roasting; meat that has been roasted.", + "origin": "From Middle English rosten, a borrowing from Old French rostir (“to roast, to torture with fire”), from Frankish *rōstijan (“to roast, broil”), from Proto-Germanic *raustijaną (“to roast”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrews- (“to crackle; roast”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian rosterje (“to roast”), Dutch roosten, roosteren (“to roast”), German rösten (“to roast”).\nDisplaced native Middle English breden, bræden (“to roast”), from Old English brǣdan, related to German braten (“to roast, grill”).\nThe noun is from Middle English roste, from Old French rost, roste, from the verb.", + "sentence": "Serve the roast with gravy and mashed potatoes.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/roast", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "brave": { + "definition": "Strong in the face of fear; courageous.", + "origin": "From Middle French brave, borrowed from Italian bravo, itself of uncertain origin (see there). Doublet of bravo.", + "sentence": "You must be brave and strong, and help me through the horrible task.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brave", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, Westminster [London]: Archibald Constable and Company, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "bright": { + "definition": "Emitting much light; visually dazzling; luminous, lucent, radiant.", + "origin": "The adjective is from Middle English bright, from Old English berht, beorht, bryht, byrht, from Proto-West Germanic *berht, from Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to gleam, shine, whiten”).\nThe noun is derived from Middle English bright (“brightness, brilliance; daylight; light”), from bright (adjective): see above.\nCognates\nCognate with Scots bricht (“bright”), Danish bjært (“bright”), Faroese and Icelandic bjartur (“bright”), Norwegian Nynorsk bjart (“bright”), Swedish bjärt (“bright”), Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (bairhts, “bright, clear; evident”); also Welsh berth (“beautiful, fair, fine”), Albanian bardhë (“white”), Lithuanian brėkšti (“to dawn”), Polish brzeżdżyć (“to dawn”), Russian бре́зжить (brézžitʹ, “to dawn”), Persian برازیدن (barâzidan, “to beautify; to befit”).", + "sentence": "The sky was remarkably bright and blue on that beautiful summer day.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bright", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "scream": { + "definition": "A loud vocalisation of many animals, especially in response to pain or fear.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English scremen, borrowed from or cognate with Middle Dutch scremen (“to yell; shout”) and Old Norse skræma (“to terrify; scare”); compare West Flemish schreemen, Zealandic schreême (“to shout; yell; cry”), Swedish skrämma (“to spook; frighten”), Danish skræmme (“to scare”), West Frisian skrieme (“to weep”). Compare also Swedish skräna (“to yell; shout; howl”), Dutch schreien (“to cry; weep”), German schreien (“to scream”). Related to shriek, skrike.", + "sentence": "I am tender-hearted by nature, and have found my eyes moist many a time over the scream of a wounded hare.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scream", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:" + }, + "river": { + "definition": "The last card dealt in a hand.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁reyp-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁réyp-eh₂\nProto-Italic *reipā\nLatin rīpa\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -ārius\nLatin rīpārius\nEarly Medieval Latin rīpāria\nAnglo-Norman rivierebor.\nMiddle English ryver\nEnglish river\nFrom Middle English ryver, from Anglo-Norman rivere, from Early Medieval Latin rīpāria (“littoral, riverbank”), from Latin rīpārius (“of a riverbank”), from Latin rīpa (“river bank”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to scratch, tear, cut”). Unrelated to Latin rīvus (“stream”) (whence rival, derive). Doublet of riviera and rivière. Displaced native Old English ēa.", + "sentence": "He called instantly but was too ashamed to show until the river.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/river", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017, Nathan Schwiethale, Ace High: Mastering Low Stakes Poker Cash Games, page 70:" + }, + "bride": { + "definition": "A woman in the context of her own wedding; one who is going to marry or has just been married.", + "origin": "From Middle English bride, from Old English brȳd (“bride”), from Proto-West Germanic *brūdi, from Proto-Germanic *brūdiz (“bride”).\nCognates\nCognate with Yola breede (“bride”), Saterland Frisian Bräid (“bride”), Alemannic German Bruut (“bride”), Central Franconian Brock, Brutt, Bruut (“bride”), Dutch bruid (“bride”), German and Luxembourgish Braut (“bride”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish brud (“bride”), Faroese and Icelandic brúður (“bride”), Norwegian Nynorsk brud, brur (“bride”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌸𐍃 (bruþs, “bride”), French bru (“daughter-in-law”), Friulian brût (“daughter-in-law”) (from Old High German brut (“bride”)).", + "sentence": "I will show thee the bride, the Lamb's wife.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bride", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 21:9:" + }, + "stall": { + "definition": "Loss of lift due to an airfoil's critical angle of attack being exceeded, normally occurring due to low airspeed.", + "origin": "From Middle English stallen (“to abide, dwell, place in a location, stop, come to a standstill”), partly from Old French estaler, ultimately from the same origin as Etymology 1 (see above); and partly from Middle English stalle (“fixed position, stall”).", + "sentence": "The only way to account for it is a structural breakup in flight, a stall, a spin, a death spiral as we call it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stall", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999 July 20, Mark Tran, “Did Kennedy's plane plunge in a 'death spiral'?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:" + }, + "point": { + "definition": "To extend the index finger in the direction of something in order to show where it is or to draw attention to it.", + "origin": "From Middle English pointen, poynten, from Old French pointier, pointer, poynter, from point from Latin pūnctum.", + "sentence": "It's rude to point at other people.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/point", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "wedding": { + "definition": "A marriage ceremony; a ritual officially celebrating the beginning of a marriage.", + "origin": "From Middle English wedding, weddynge, from Old English weddung (“betrothal, espousal”), equivalent to wed + -ing. Cognate with Middle Dutch weddinghe.", + "sentence": "Simple and brief was the wedding, as that of Ruth and of Boaz.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wedding", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1858, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Wedding-Day”, in The Courtship of Miles Standish:" + }, + "little": { + "definition": "Small, not large, limited, particularly", + "origin": "From Middle English litel, litell, luitel, lutel, lutil, luytel, from Old English lȳtel, lyttel, from Proto-West Germanic *lūtil (“little”), from *lūtan (“to bow down, lout”), from Proto-Germanic *lūtaną (“to bow down, lout”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewd- (“to bend, crouch, duck”), equivalent to lout + -le.\nCognates\nCognate with Yola lethel, litha, lithel, lythea (“little”), North Frisian letj (“little, small”), Saterland Frisian litje (“little, small”), West Frisian lyts (“little, small”), Dutch luttel (“few, little, mere”), German lütt, lützel (“little, small”), Low German lütt, lüttje (“little, small”), Danish liden, lille (“little, small”), Elfdalian litn (“small”), Faroese lítil (“little, small”), Icelandic lítill (“little, small”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish liten (“little, small”), Crimean Gothic lista (“insufficient, very little”), Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌻𐍃 (leitils, “little, small”); also Albanian lus, lut (“to beg, plead, request”), Lithuanian liūdnas (“sad, sorrowful”), Bulgarian and Macedonian луд (lud, “crazy, insane, mad”), Serbo-Croatian лу̑д, lȗd (“crazy”). Related also to Old English lūtan (“to bow, bend low”); and perhaps to Old English lytiġ (“deceitful”), Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐍃 (liuts, “deceitful”). More at lout.", + "sentence": "No, her little flutters of honest remorse were constantly disappearing in the immense exultant joy of being alive and of contemplating her idol.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/little", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1914, Arnold Bennett, The Price of Love, Harper & Brothers, page 418:" + }, + "doctor": { + "definition": "Any mechanical contrivance intended to remedy a difficulty or serve some purpose in an exigency.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *doḱ-éye-ti\nProto-Italic *dokejō\nProto-Italic *dokeō\nAncient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō)sl.\nLatin doceō\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nLatin doctorbor.\nOld French doctur\nAnglo-Norman doctourder.\nMiddle English doctour\nEnglish doctor\nFrom Middle English doctor, doctour (“an expert, authority on a subject”), from Anglo-Norman doctour, from Latin doctor (“teacher”), from doceō (“to teach”). Displaced native Middle English lerare (“doctor, teacher”) (from Middle English leren (“to teach, instruct”) from Old English lǣran, lēran (“to teach, instruct, guide”), compare Old English lārēow (“teacher, master”)). Displaced Old English lǣċe (“doctor, physician”).", + "sentence": "The use of a disk doctor may be the only way of recovering valuable data following a disk crash.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/doctor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Ramesh Bangia, Dictionary of Information Technology, page 172:" + }, + "peel": { + "definition": "To become detached, come away, especially in flakes or strips; to shed skin in such a way.", + "origin": "From Middle English pelen, from Old English pilian and Old French peler, pellier; both from Latin pilō, pilāre (“to remove hair from, depilate”), from pilus (“hair”). Doublet of pill.", + "sentence": "I had been out in the sun too long, and my nose was starting to peel.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "snack": { + "definition": "An item of food eaten between meals.", + "origin": "From Middle Dutch snacken (“to snack”). Cognate with German schnäken (“to snack”).", + "sentence": "Stay another fifteen minutes, in which we can have a snack of some kind in place of dinner.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snack", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1927, Ernest Bramah [pseudonym; Ernest Brammah Smith], Max Carrados Mysteries:" + }, + "notebook": { + "definition": "A book (physical or digital) in which notes or memoranda are written.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nOld French notebor.\nMiddle English note\nEnglish note\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵosder.?\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-der.?\nProto-Germanic *bōks\nProto-West Germanic *bōk\nOld English bōc\nMiddle English bok\nEnglish book\nEnglish notebook\nFrom note + book.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/notebook", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "brain": { + "definition": "The control center of the central nervous system of an animal located in the skull, consisting of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem, which is responsible for perception, cognition, attention, memory, emotion, and action.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mregʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥\nProto-Indo-European *mrógʰ-n̥ ~ *mrégʰ-n̥-s\nProto-Germanic *bragną\nProto-West Germanic *bragn\nOld English bræġn\nMiddle English brayn\nEnglish brain\nInherited from Middle English brayn, from Old English bræġn, from Proto-West Germanic *bragn, from Proto-Germanic *bragną, from Proto-Indo-European *mrógʰ-n̥ ~ *mrégʰ-n̥-s, from *mregʰ- + *-n̥.\nCognate with Scots braine, brane (“brain”), North Frisian brayen, brein, Brain (“brain”), Saterland Frisian Brainge, Bräienge (“brain”), West Frisian brein (“brain”), Dutch brein (“brain”), Low German Brägen, Bregen (“brain”) (whence German Bregen (“animal brain”)), Ancient Greek βρεχμός (brekhmós, “front part of the skull, top of the head”).", + "sentence": "The brain of a calf, sheep, and pig, young and served fresh, is reputedly erotic in its effects.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brain", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 49:" + }, + "pride": { + "definition": "A sense of one's own worth; reasonable self-esteem and satisfaction (in oneself, in one's work, one's family, etc).", + "origin": "From Middle English pryde, pride, from Old English prȳde, prȳte (“pride”) (compare Old Norse prýði (“bravery, pomp”)), derivative of Old English prūd (“proud”). More at proud. The verb derives from the noun, at least since the 12th century.", + "sentence": "He swelled with pride as he held the trophy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pride", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "dear": { + "definition": "High in price; expensive.", + "origin": "From Middle English dere, from Old English dēore, dīere, dīore, dȳre (“of great value or excellence, expensive, beloved”), from Proto-West Germanic *diurī, from Proto-Germanic *diurijaz (“dear, precious; expensive”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn; hot, warm”).\nCognates\nCognate with Yola dear (“dear”), Saterland Frisian djuur (“precious, dear, costly, expensive”), Alemannic German tüür (“expensive”), Dutch dier, duur (“expensive”), German teuer (“expensive”), Vilamovian taojer, tojer (“dear”), West Flemish diere (“expensive”), Yiddish טײַער (tayer, “expensive”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish dyr (“expensive”), Faroese dýrur (“expensive”), Icelandic dýr (“expensive”), Finnish tyyris (“expensive”), Livonian tõurõz (“dear”), Northern Sami divrras (“expensive”).", + "sentence": "This water is sold for 50 cents per ton, which is not dear under the circumstances.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dear", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1902, Briquettes as Fuel in Foreign Countries (report of the United States Bureau of Foreign Commerce)" + }, + "live": { + "definition": "To be alive; to have life.", + "origin": "From Middle English lefe, lifen, libbe, libben, live, luvien, lyven, from Old English libban, lifian (“to live; be alive”), from Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick”).\nCognates\nCognate with Yola live (“to live”), North Frisian laawe, lawe, lewe, lewi, lewwe, lääwe (“to live”), Saterland Frisian lieuwje, líeuwje (“to live”), West Frisian libje (“to live”), Alemannic German läbe (“to live”), Cimbrian and Mòcheno lem (“to live”), Dutch leeven, leven (“to live”), German leben (“to live”), German Low German lęven (“to live”), Limburgish leve, léëve (“to live”), Luxembourgish liewen (“to live”), Vilamovian łaowa (“to live”), Yiddish לעבן (lebn, “to live”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål leve (“to live”), Faroese liva (“to live”), Icelandic lifa (“to live”), Norwegian Nynorsk leva, leve, liva (“to live”), Swedish leva (“to live”), Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (liban, “to live”); also Latin lippus (“half-sighted, myopic”), Greek λίπος (lípos, “fat, tallow”), Lithuanian lipti (“to stick”), Bulgarian лепя́ (lepjá, “to glue, paste, stick; to plaster, smear”), Czech lepit (“to glue, stick”), Macedonian лепи (lepi, “to glue, stick”), Polish lepić (“to mold; to glue, paste; to stick”), Russian лепи́ть (lepítʹ, “to fashion, sculpt, shape”), Serbo-Croatian лепити, лије́пити, lépiti, lijépiti (“to glue, paste; to stick”), Slovak lepiť (“to stick”), Slovene lepiti (“to stick”), Ukrainian ліпити (lipyty, “to mould, shape”), Sanskrit लिप् (lip, “to anoint, smear; to defile, soil, taint”), रिप् (rip, “deceit, fraud; injury; enemy, traitor”).", + "sentence": "He's not expected to live for more than a few months.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/live", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "tubes": { + "definition": "The Internet.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tubes", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "join": { + "definition": "To come together; to meet.", + "origin": "From Middle English joinen, joynen, joignen, from Old French joindre, juindre, jungre, from Latin iungō (“join, yoke”, verb), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join, unite”). Cognate with Old English iucian, iugian, ġeocian, ġyċċan (“to join; yoke”). More at yoke.", + "sentence": "These two rivers join in about 80 miles.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/join", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "state": { + "definition": "A mess; disorder; a bad condition or set of circumstances.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Indo-European *stéh₂-tu-s ~ *sth₂-téw-s\nProto-Italic *status\nLatin statuslbor.\nOld French estatbor.\nMiddle English stat\nEnglish state\nFrom Middle English stat (as a noun); adopted c. 1200 from both Old French estat and Latin stātus (“manner of standing, attitude, position, carriage, manner, dress, apparel; and other senses”), from stāre (“to stand”). Doublet of estate and status. The sense of \"polity\" develops in the 14th century. Compare French être, Greek στέω (stéo), Italian stare, Portuguese estar, Romanian sta, and Spanish estar. The verb is first attested around the beginning of the 16th century. Related to English stand. Displaced native Old English hād (“state, condition”).", + "sentence": "I had got myself into some fucking state before and after the match.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/state", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1994 [1993], Irvine Welsh, “Traditional Sunday Breakfast”, in Trainspotting, London: Minerva, →ISBN, page 92:" + }, + "enter": { + "definition": "To go or come into an enclosed or partially enclosed space.", + "origin": "From Middle English entren, from Old French entrer, from Latin intrō (“enter”, verb), from intrā (“inside”). Has been spelled as \"enter\" for several centuries even in the United Kingdom, although British English and the English of many Commonwealth Countries (e.g. Australia, Canada) retain the \"re\" ending for many words such as centre, fibre, spectre, theatre, calibre, sombre, lustre, and litre.", + "sentence": "Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enter", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 3:5:" + }, + "blank": { + "definition": "Free from writing, printing, or marks; having an empty space to be filled in.", + "origin": "From Middle English blank, blonc, blaunc, blaunche, from Anglo-Norman blonc, blaunc, blaunche, from Old French blanc, feminine blanche, from Frankish *blank (“gleaming, white, blinding”), from Proto-Germanic *blankaz (“white, bright, blinding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ- (“to shine”). Akin to Old High German blanch (“shining, bright, white”) (German blank), Old English blanc (“white, grey”), blanca (“white steed”), Spanish blanco. More at blink, blind, blanch. Doublet of blanc.", + "sentence": "Referee Michael Oliver failed to detect a foul in a crowded box and the Canaries escaped down the tunnel with the scoreline still blank.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blank", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011 December 27, Mike Henson, “Norwich 0 - 2 Tottenham”, in BBC Sport:" + }, + "give": { + "definition": "To make a present or gift of.", + "origin": "From Middle English given, yeven, yiven, ȝiven, from merger of Old English ġefan, ġeofan, ġiefan, ġifan, ġiofan, ġyfan (“to give”) and Old Norse gefa (“to give”), from Proto-Germanic *gebaną (“to give”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- (“to give; to take”). Displaced yive, from Middle English yiven, of the same origin, from influence of Old Norse gefa.\nCognates\nCognate with Yola gee, ye, yie, yive (“to give”), Scots gie (“to give”), North Frisian gjiuwe, iiv, jiiw, jiw, jeewe (“to give”), West Frisian jaan (“to give”), Alemannic German gë (“to give”), Bavarian gebn (“to give”), Central Franconian jevve (“to give”), Cimbrian gem, ghèban (“to give”), Dutch geven (“to give”), German geben (“to give”), Luxembourgish ginn (“to give”), Vilamovian gaon (“to give”), Yiddish געבן (gebn, “to give”), Danish give (“to give”), Elfdalian djävå (“to give”), Faroese geva (“to give”), Icelandic gefa (“to give”), Norwegian Bokmål gi (“to give”), Norwegian Nynorsk gi, giva, gje, gjeva, gjeve (“to give”), Swedish ge, gifva, giva (“to give”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (giban, “to give”); also Greek κεφάλι (kefáli), κεφαλή (kefalí, “head”), Lithuanian gobti (“cover up; to grab, snatch”), Polish gabać (“to touch; to tap; to accost”), Serbo-Croatian ха̏бати, hȁbati (“to abrade, wear out”), Sanskrit गभस्ति (gabhasti, “shining”).", + "sentence": "I'm going to give my wife a necklace for her birthday.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/give", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "other": { + "definition": "Not the one or ones previously referred to.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂én\nProto-Indo-European *-teros\nProto-Indo-European *h₂énteros\nProto-Germanic *anþeraz\nProto-West Germanic *anþar\nOld English ōþer\nMiddle English other\nEnglish other\nFrom Middle English other, from Old English ōþer (“other, second”), from Proto-West Germanic *ą̄þar, *anþar, from Proto-Germanic *anþeraz (“other, second”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros (“other”).\nCognate with Scots uther, ither (“other”), Old Frisian ōther, (\"other\"; > North Frisian ouder, öler, üđer, Saterland Frisian uur, West Frisian oar), Old Saxon ōthar, (\"other\"; > Low German anner), Old Dutch āthar, (\"other\"; > Afrikaans ander, Dutch ander), Old High German andar, (\"other\"; > Cimbrian andar, German ander, anderer, Luxembourgish aner, Mòcheno ònder, Yiddish אַנדער (ander)), Old Norse annarr, (\"other\"; > Danish anden, Faroese annar, Icelandic annar, Jamtish æðnen, ænnen, Norwegian Bokmål annen, Norwegian Nynorsk annan, Swedish annan), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂 (anþar, “other”), Old Prussian anters, antars (“other, second”), Lithuanian antroks (“other”, pronoun), Latvian otrs, otrais (“second”), Macedonian втор (vtor, “second”), Albanian ndërroj (“to change; to switch; to alternate”), Sanskrit अन्त॑र (ántara, “different”).\nFrench autre, Spanish otro, Portuguese outro, etc., all from Latin alter, are false cognates. A true cognate would be Latin anterior.", + "sentence": "Earning less than $2,000 a month, I have no other source of income except for gifts from relatives.", + "part_of_speech": "det", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/other", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "cloth": { + "definition": "A fabric, usually made of woven, knitted, or felted fibres or filaments, such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use. Sometimes, woven fabric specifically.", + "origin": "From Middle English cloth, clath, from Old English clāþ (“cloth, clothes, covering, sail”), from Proto-West Germanic *klaiþ, from Proto-Germanic *klaiþą (“garment”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gleyt- (“to cling to, cleave, stick”) (compare Albanian ngjit (“to stick, attach, glue”)), a form of *gleh₁y- (“to smear; to stick”). Cognate with Scots clath (“cloth”), North Frisian klaid (“dress, garment”), Saterland Frisian Klood (“dress, apparel”), West Frisian klaad, kleed (“cloth, article of clothing”), Dutch kleed (“robe, dress”), Low German kleed (“dress, garment”), German Kleid (“gown, dress”), Danish klæde (“cloth, dress”), Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk klede, Swedish kläde (“cloth”), Icelandic klæði (“cloth, dressing”), Old English clīþan (“to adhere, stick”).", + "sentence": "It must be made thick, of the least elastic materials, and covered with cloth externally.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cloth", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1820, Encyclopaedia Britannica; Or A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, 6th edition, volume 20, Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Company, page 501:" + }, + "mile": { + "definition": "Any similarly large distance.", + "origin": "From Middle English myle, mile, from Old English mīl, from Proto-West Germanic *mīliju, a borrowing of Latin mīlia, mīllia, plural of mīle, mīlle (“mile”) (literally ‘thousand’ but used as a short form of mīlle passūs (“a thousand paces”)).", + "sentence": "The shot missed by a mile.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "float": { + "definition": "To be supported by a fluid of greater density (than the object).", + "origin": "From Middle English floten, from Old English flotian (“to float”), from Proto-West Germanic *flotōn, from Proto-Germanic *flutōną (“to float”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewd-, *plew- (“to float, swim, fly”). Compare flow, fleet.", + "sentence": "Helium balloons float in air, while air-filled balloons don't.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/float", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "snail": { + "definition": "Any of very many animals (either hermaphroditic or nonhermaphroditic), of the class Gastropoda, having a coiled shell.", + "origin": "From Middle English snayl, snail, from the Old English sneġel, from Proto-Germanic *snagilaz. Cognate with Low German Snagel,\nSnâel, Snâl (“snail”), German Schnegel (“slug”). Compare also Old Norse snigill, from Proto-Germanic *snigilaz.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snail", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "second": { + "definition": "Number-two; following after the first one with nothing between them. The ordinal number corresponding to the cardinal number two.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-der.\nProto-Italic *sekʷondo-\nLatin secundusbor.\nOld French secondbor.\nMiddle English secunde\nEnglish second\nFrom Middle English secunde, second, secound, secund, borrowed from Old French second, seond, from Latin secundus (“following, next in order”), from root of sequor (“to follow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Doublet of secund and secundo. Displaced native twoth and partially displaced native other (from Old English ōþer (“other; next; second”)).", + "sentence": "He lives on Second Street.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/second", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "scan": { + "definition": "To examine sequentially, carefully, or critically; to scrutinize; to behold closely.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *skend-der.\nProto-Italic *skandō\nLatin scandōbor.\nMiddle English scanden\nMiddle English scanne\nEnglish scan\nFrom late Middle English scanne (“to mark off verse to show metrical structure”), from earlier scanden, from Late Latin scandere (“to scan verse”), from Classical Latin scandō (“to climb, rise, mount”), from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to jump, dart, climb, scale, scan”).", + "sentence": "For I had learnt to carry out the orders of elders, not to scan their actions.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter ii" + }, + "glue": { + "definition": "A hard gelatin made by boiling bones and hides, used in solution as an adhesive; or any sticky adhesive substance.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gleyH-\nProto-Indo-European *glóh₁ytn̥\nProto-Italic *gloiten\nLatin glūten\nLate Latin glūs\nOld French glubor.\nMiddle English glew\nEnglish glue\nFrom Middle English glew, glue, from Old French glu (“glue, birdlime”), from Late Latin glūs (stem glūt-), from Latin glūten. Related to clay.\nPartially displaced native Old English līm (“glue”) and ġelīman (“to glue”) (whence modern lime).", + "sentence": "They finished the bowl boat and coated it with the glue Jondalar made by boiling down the hooves, bone, and hide scraps.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990, Jean Marie Auel, chapter 9, in The Plains of Passage (Earth's Children), New York: Random House, published 2010, →ISBN, page 145:" + }, + "ground": { + "definition": "The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-West Germanic *grundu, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.\n(to punish): Compare (to bring) down to earth, to come down to earth.", + "sentence": "Look, I found a ten dollar bill on the ground!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ground", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "shower": { + "definition": "An instance of using of this device in order to bathe oneself.", + "origin": "From Middle English schour (“shower”), from Old English sċūr (“shower”), from Proto-West Germanic *skūru (“shower”), from Proto-Germanic *skūrō (“storm, short shower”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱēwer- (“north, north wind, cold wind, rain shower”).\nCognates\nCognate with Dutch schoer (“downpour, heavy rainshower”), German Schauer (“shower”), Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish skur (“shower”), Faroese skúrur (“shower”), Icelandic skúr (“shower”), Norn skur (“squall”), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌰 (skūra, “storm”), Italian coro (“northwestern wind”), Spanish cauro (“northwestern wind”), Belarusian се́вер (sjévjer), сі́вер (sívjer), Bulgarian and Russian се́вер (séver, “north”), Czech and Slovak sever (“north”), Macedonian север (sever, “north”), Serbo-Croatian sȅvēr, sjȅvēr (“north”), Slovene sẹ́ver (“north”), Ukrainian сі́вер (síver, “cold, cold, bitter wind”).", + "sentence": "I’m going to have a shower.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shower", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "endless": { + "definition": "Having no end.", + "origin": "From Middle English endeles, from Old English endelēas (“endless”), from Proto-Germanic *andijalausaz (“endless”), equivalent to end + -less.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/endless", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "plunger": { + "definition": "A device that is used to remove blockages from the drain of a basin or tub, by suction.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish plunge\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish plunger\nFrom plunge + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plunger", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fireworks": { + "definition": "A boisterous or violent event or situation.", + "origin": "From fire + work(s). The similarity with Dutch vuurwerk and German Feuerwerk, both “fireworks”, is hardly coincidental. Since the word was apparently first attested in English circa 1575, probably from the Dutch (1540), from the German (sense early 16th c.), from Middle High German viurwerc (14th c. as “fuel, firewood”). A spread from the south northwards is also in line with the fact that the first European fireworks were produced in Italy in the late 14th century.", + "sentence": "I left the room after John came home drunk but before the fireworks went off.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fireworks", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "dazzle": { + "definition": "To confuse or overpower the sight of (someone or something, such as a sensor) by means of excessive brightness.", + "origin": "From daze + -le, a frequentative form.", + "sentence": "Antidrone lasers can burn or dazzle a drone's sensors.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dazzle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "climb": { + "definition": "(literally or figuratively): To ascend; rise; to go up.", + "origin": "From Middle English climben, clymben, from Old English climban (“to climb”), from Proto-West Germanic *klimban, from Proto-Germanic *klimbaną (“to climb, go up by clinging”), believed to be a nasalised variant of Proto-Germanic *klibaną, *klibāną (“to stick, cleave”), from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to stick”). Cognate with West Frisian klimme (“to climb”), Dutch klimmen (“to climb”), German klimmen (“to climb”), Old Norse klembra (“to squeeze”), Icelandic klifra (“to climb”). Related to clamber. See also clay, glue.", + "sentence": "Black vapours climb aloft, and cloud the day.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/climb", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1697, Virgil, “The Seventh Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "April": { + "definition": "The fourth month of the Gregorian calendar, following March and preceding May.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek Ᾰ̓φροδῑ́τη (Ăphrodī́tē)der.\nEtruscan 𐌖𐌓𐌐𐌀 (urpa)der.?\nLatin Aprīlisder.\nOld French avrillbor.\nMiddle English Averil\nMiddle English Aprill\nEnglish April\nFrom Middle English apprile, Aprill, re-Latinised from Middle English aueril, from Old French avrill, from Latin Aprīlis (“of the month of the goddess Venus”), perhaps based on Etruscan 𐌀𐌐𐌓𐌖 (apru), from Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē, “Venus”). Displaced native Old English ēastermōnaþ (“April”, literally “Easter month”), see Eastermonth.", + "sentence": "Vladimir Putin originally denied they were Russian soldiers; that April, he confirmed they were.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/April", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019 March 18, Steven Pifer, Five years after Crimea’s illegal annexation, the issue is no closer to resolution, The Center for International Security and Cooperation, archived from the original on 29 Apr 2025:" + }, + "subway": { + "definition": "An underground railway, especially for mass transit of people in urban areas.", + "origin": "From sub- + way.", + "sentence": "He is going to Westminster by subway.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subway", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "broken": { + "definition": "Fragmented; in separate pieces.", + "origin": "From Middle English broken, from Old English brocen, ġebrocen, from Proto-Germanic *brukanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”). Cognate with Dutch gebroken (“broken”), German Low German broken (“broken”), German gebrochen (“broken”). Morphologically broke + -n.", + "sentence": "One recent morning the team had to replace a broken weather research station.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/broken", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "stew": { + "definition": "A heated bath-room or steam-room; also, a hot bath.", + "origin": "From Middle English stewe, stue, from Anglo-Norman estouve, Old French estuve (“bath, bathhouse”) (modern French étuve), from Medieval Latin stupha, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Vulgar Latin *extufāre, from ex- + Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “smoke, steam”), from τύφω (túphō, “to smoke”). See also Italian stufare, Portuguese estufar. Compare also Old English stuf-bæþ (“a hot-air bath, vapour bath”); see stove.", + "sentence": "And so Sir Launcelot went into the chamber that was as hot as any stew.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stew", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “primum”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XI:" + }, + "shall": { + "definition": "Used before a verb to indicate the simple future tense in the first person singular or plural.", + "origin": "From Middle English schal (infinitive schulen), from Old English sċeal (infinitive sċulan (“should, must”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skal (infinitive *skulaną), from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to owe, be under obligation”).\nCognate with Scots sall, sal (“shall”), North Frisian skal, schal, Saterland Frisian skäl, schäl, schal (infinitive skälle, schälle), West Frisian sil (infinitive sille (“shall”)), Dutch zal (infinitive zullen (“shall”)), Low German schall (infinitive schölen (“shall”)), German soll (infinitive sollen (“ought to”)), Danish skal (infinitive skulle (“shall”)), Icelandic skal (infinitive skulu (“shall”)), Afrikaans sal, Swedish skall (“shall”) (infinitive skola).", + "sentence": "I shall sing in the choir tomorrow.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shall", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "corner": { + "definition": "The space in the angle between converging lines or walls which meet in a point.", + "origin": "From Middle English corner, from Anglo-Norman cornere (compare Old French cornier, corniere (“corner”)), from Old French corne (“corner, angle”, literally “a horn, projecting point”), from Vulgar Latin *corna (“horn”), from Latin cornua, plural of cornū (“projecting point, end, horn”). The sense of \"angle, corner\" in Old French is not found in Latin or other Romance languages. It was possibly calqued from Frankish *hurnijā (“corner, angle”), which is similar to, and derived from *hurn, the Frankish word for \"horn\".\n* Displaced native cognate Middle English hirn, herne, from Old English hyrne, from Proto-Germanic *hurnijǭ (“little horn, hook, angle, corner”), whence modern English hirn (“nook, corner”), itself related to horn. Also displaced native Old English sċēat.", + "sentence": "The chimney corner was full of cobwebs.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corner", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "barely": { + "definition": "By a small margin.", + "origin": "From Middle English baarly, bareliche, barely, barly, from Old English bærlīċe, equivalent to bare + -ly. Compare Danish bare (“only, just”), Norwegian bare (“only, just”).", + "sentence": "I barely completed my homework.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/barely", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "able": { + "definition": "Having the necessary powers or the needed resources to accomplish a task.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti\nProto-Indo-European *gʰh₁bʰéh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *haβēō\nLatin habeō\nProto-Indo-European *-elis\nProto-Italic *-elis\nLatin -ilis\nLatin habilis\nOld French ablebor.\nMiddle English able\nEnglish able\nFrom Middle English able, from Old Northern French able, variant of Old French abile, habile, from Latin habilis (“easily managed, held, or handled; apt; skillful”). Doublet of habile.", + "sentence": "She is able to lift the box without assistance.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/able", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "present": { + "definition": "Relating to now, for the time being; current.", + "origin": "From Middle English present, from Old French present, from Latin praesent-, praesens, present participle of praeesse (“to be present”), from Latin prae- (“pre-”) + esse (“to be”). Displaced Old English andweard (“present, current”).", + "sentence": "The barbaric practice continues to the present day.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/present", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "clearly": { + "definition": "In a clear manner.", + "origin": "From Middle English clerli, clerely, clerelych, cleerliche, clerliche.\nBy surface analysis, clear + (adverbial) -ly.", + "sentence": "He enunciated every syllable clearly.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clearly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "really": { + "definition": "In a way or manner that is real, not unreal.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(H)reh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *(H)reh₁ís\nProto-Italic *reis\nClassical Latin rēs\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLate Latin reālisder.\nOld French reelbor.\nMiddle English real\nProto-Indo-European *leyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *līkąder.\nProto-Germanic *-līkaz\nProto-Germanic *-ê\nProto-Germanic *-līkê\nProto-West Germanic *-līkē\nOld English -līċe\nMiddle English -ly\nMiddle English really\nEnglish really\nFrom Middle English really, realy, rialliche, equivalent to real + -ly.", + "sentence": "Thus Brahman must be described as ‘really real’, while a rope, or a person, or God Himself, is ‘unreally real’.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/really", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1975, Robin H. S. Boyd, An introduction to Indian Christian theology, page 48:" + }, + "overcome": { + "definition": "To prevail.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English overcomen, inherited from Old English ofercuman (“to overcome, subdue, compel, conquer, obtain, attain, reach, overtake”). By surface analysis, over- + come. Cognate with Dutch overkomen, German überkommen, Danish overkomme, Swedish överkomma.", + "sentence": "We shall overcome because Carlyle is right; \"no lie can live forever\".", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overcome", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1968, Martin Luther King Jr., (Please provide the book title or journal name):" + }, + "sketch": { + "definition": "To make a brief, basic drawing.", + "origin": "From Dutch schets or German Skizze, from Italian schizzo, from Latin schedium, from Ancient Greek σχέδιος (skhédios, “made suddenly, off-hand”), from σχεδόν (skhedón, “near, nearby”), from ἔχω (ékhō, “to hold”). Compare scheme.", + "sentence": "I usually sketch with a pen rather than a pencil.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sketch", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "evening": { + "definition": "The time of day between afternoon and night.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épider.\nProto-Germanic *ēbanþs\nProto-West Germanic *ābanþ\nOld English ǣfen\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂ti\nProto-Germanic *-ōną\nProto-West Germanic *-ōn\nProto-West Germanic *-ōjan\nOld English -ian\nOld English ǣfnian\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nOld English ǣfnung\nMiddle English evening\nEnglish evening\nFrom Middle English evening, evenyng, from Old English ǣfnung, from ǣfnian (“to become evening”), from ǣfen (“eve”) (from Proto-West Germanic *ābanþ, from Proto-Germanic *ēbanþs), corresponding to even + -ing.", + "sentence": "Toward evening, there was heavy rain.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/evening", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "again": { + "definition": "Another time: indicating a repeat of an action.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Germanic *in\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *ganganąder.?\nProto-Germanic *gagin\nProto-Germanic *in gagin\nProto-West Germanic *in gagin\nOld English onġēan\nMiddle English agayn\nEnglish again\nFrom Middle English agayn, from Old English onġēan (“against, again”), from Proto-West Germanic *in gagin, from Proto-Germanic *in gagin. Cognate with German entgegen (“contrary to”), North Frisian ijen (“against”), Danish igen (“again”), Swedish igen (“again”), and Norwegian Bokmål igjen (“again”), and Icelandic í gegnum (“through”). By surface analysis, on- + gain (“against”).", + "sentence": "I enjoyed it so much I went again the next day.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/again", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "finally": { + "definition": "At the end or conclusion; ultimately.", + "origin": "From Middle English finally, fynaly, fynally, fynaliche, fynalliche, equivalent to final + -ly.", + "sentence": "The contest was long, but the Romans finally conquered.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/finally", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "glittery": { + "definition": "That glitters.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish glitter\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish glittery\nFrom glitter + -y.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glittery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "together": { + "definition": "At the same time, in the same place; in close association or proximity.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *doh₁\nProto-Germanic *tōder.\nProto-West Germanic tō\nProto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *gadarder.\nProto-West Germanic gadura\nProto-West Germanic *tōgadurader.\nOld English tōgædere\nMiddle English togedere\nEnglish together\nFrom Late Middle English together, from earlier togedere, togadere, from Old English tōgædere (“together”), from Proto-West Germanic *tōgadura, *tegadura, from Proto-Germanic *tō (“to”) + *gadar (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, keep”), equivalent to to-₂ + gather. Cognate with Scots thegither (“together”), Old Frisian togadera (whence West Frisian togearre (“together”)), Dutch tegader (“together”), Middle Low German tōgāder (“together”), Middle High German zegater (“together”). Compare also Old English ætgædere (“together”), Old English ġeador (“together”). More at gather.", + "sentence": "We went to school together.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/together", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "while": { + "definition": "An uncertain duration of time, a period of time.", + "origin": "From Middle English whyle, from Old English hwīl, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlu, from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (compare Dutch wijl, Low German Wiel, German Weile, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hvile (“rest”), Norwegian Nynorsk kvila (“rest”), Swedish vila (“rest”), Faroese and Icelandic hvíla (“rest”)) from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest”). Cognate with Albanian sillë (“breakfast”), Latin tranquillus, Sanskrit चिर (cirá), Persian شاد (šâd).", + "sentence": "He lectured for quite a long while.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/while", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "angry": { + "definition": "Displaying or feeling anger.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₂énǵʰosder.\nProto-Germanic *angazaz\nOld Norse angrbor.\nMiddle English anger\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nMiddle English angry\nEnglish angry\nFrom Middle English angry, equivalent to anger + -y; see anger.", + "sentence": "An angry mob started looting the warehouse.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/angry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "create": { + "definition": "To bring into existence; (sometimes in particular:)", + "origin": "From Middle English createn, from Latin creātus, the perfect passive participle of creō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). In this sense, mostly displaced Old English wyrċan (whence Modern English work) and ġesċieppan (whence Modern English shape).", + "sentence": "You can create the color orange by mixing yellow and red.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/create", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "drooped": { + "definition": "Lacking stiffness.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/drooped", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cluttered": { + "definition": "Scattered with a disorderly mixture of objects that occupies space; littered.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cluttered", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bursting": { + "definition": "Very eager (to do something).", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "I was bursting to tell him the secret.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bursting", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "edge": { + "definition": "An advantage.", + "origin": "From Middle English egge, from Old English eċġ, from Proto-West Germanic *aggju, from Proto-Germanic *agjō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).\nSee also Dutch egge, German Ecke, Danish æg, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish egg; also Welsh hogi (“to sharpen, hone”), Latin aciēs (“sharp”), acus (“needle”), Latvian ašs, ass (“sharp”), Ancient Greek ἀκίς (akís, “needle”), ἀκμή (akmḗ, “point”), and Persian آس (âs, “grinding stone”)).", + "sentence": "I have the edge on him.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/edge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "glasses": { + "definition": "Spectacles, frames bearing two lenses worn in front of the eyes.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glasses", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gently": { + "definition": "Without strong force or quickness: softly, lightly.", + "origin": "From Middle English gentilly, gentlych, gentilliche, equivalent to gentle + -ly, with *-lely simplified to -ly by haplology.", + "sentence": "The plane is travelling impossibly slowly – 30km an hour – when it gently noses up and leaves the ground.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gently", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 September 6, Tom Cheshire, “Solar-powered travel”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 13, archived from the original on 11 Apr 2023, page 34:" + }, + "crown": { + "definition": "The sovereign (in a monarchy), as head of state.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced Old English corenbēag (“crown”) and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”, literally “kinhelm” or “king's helm”).\nThe paper sizes (etymology 1, noun sense 18) are so called because the papers were originally watermarked with a crown.", + "sentence": "A parliament may be diſſolved by the demiſe of the crown.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crown", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1765, William Blackstone, “Of the Parliament”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book I (Of the Rights of Persons), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 181:" + }, + "mother": { + "definition": "A female parent, especially of a human; a female who parents a child (which she has given birth to, adopted, fostered, etc).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr\nProto-Germanic *mōdēr\nProto-West Germanic *mōder\nOld English mōdor\nMiddle English moder\nEnglish mother\nFrom Middle English moder, from Old English mōdor, from Proto-West Germanic *mōder, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Doublet of Madeira, mata, mater, matrix, and matter.\nSome have proposed that the \"dregs\" sense is from Middle Dutch modder (“filth”), from Proto-Germanic *muþraz (“sediment”), but modder is not known in this meaning. On the other hand, words for \"mother\" have developed the secondary sense of \"dregs\" in several Romance and Germanic languages; compare Dutch moer, French mère de vinaigre, German Essigmutter, Italian madre, Medieval Latin māter, and Spanish madre.", + "sentence": "I am visiting my mother any moment.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mother", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "worth": { + "definition": "Having a value of; proper to be exchanged for.", + "origin": "From Middle English worth, from Old English weorþ, from Proto-West Germanic *werþ, from Proto-Germanic *werþaz (“worthy, valuable”); from Proto-Indo-European *wert-.\nCognate with Scots wirth (“worth”), Cimbrian bèart (“worth, value”), Dutch waard, weerd (“worth”), German wert (“worth”) (the source of Polish wart (“worth”), Ukrainian вартість (vartistʹ, “worth, value”), etc), Luxembourgish wäert (“worth”), Yiddish ווערט (vert), ווערד (verd, “worth, value”), Danish værd (“worth”), Faroese and Icelandic verður (“worth”), Norwegian Bokmål verdt (“worth”), Norwegian Nynorsk verd (“worth”), Swedish värd (“worth”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸 (wairþ, “worth, value”), Welsh gwerth (“worth, value”).", + "sentence": "How much / What is your house worth? - Now it's worth half what I paid for it.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/worth", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "solve": { + "definition": "To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.", + "origin": "From Middle English solven, from Latin solvō.", + "sentence": "True piety would effectually solve such scruples.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solve", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:" + }, + "credit": { + "definition": "To believe; to put credence in.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French crédit (“belief, trust”), from Latin crēditum (“a loan, credit”), neuter of crēditus, past participle of crēdere (“to believe”). The verb is from the noun. Doublet of shraddha, creed.", + "sentence": "Someone said there were over 100,000 people there, but I can't credit that.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/credit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "steel": { + "definition": "An artificial metal produced from iron, harder and more elastic than elemental iron; used figuratively as a symbol of hardness.", + "origin": "From Middle English stele, stel, from Old English stīele, from Proto-West Germanic *stahlī (“something made of steel”), enlargement of *stahl (“steel”), from Proto-Germanic *stahlą, from *stah- or *stag- (“to be firm, rigid”), from Proto-Indo-European *stak- (“to stay, to be firm”). Compare Scots stele, Yola stehli, German Stahl, Dutch staal, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish stål.", + "sentence": "Steel properties vary based on composition and processing.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/steel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2024 March 23, “Yield Strength of Steel: A Comprehensive Guide”, in Unionfab, archived from the original on 13 Jan 2026:" + }, + "pour": { + "definition": "To send out as in a stream or a flood; to cause (an emotion) to come out; to cause to escape.", + "origin": "From Middle English pouren (“to pour”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old Northern French purer (“to sift (grain), pour out (water)”), from Latin pūrō (“to purify”), from pūrus (“pure”). Compare Middle Dutch afpuren (“to pour off, drain”).\nTo pour displaced several Middle English verbs:\n* schenchen, schenken (“to pour”), from Old English sċenċan (“to pour out”) and Old Norse skenkja, from Proto-Germanic *skankijaną. Compare dialectal English shink, skink.\n* yeten, from Old English ġēotan (“to pour”), from Proto-Germanic *geutaną.\n* birlen (“to pour, serve drink to”), from Old English byrelian (“to pour, serve drink to”).\n* hellen (“to pour, pour out”), from Old Norse hella (“to pour out, incline”).\n* temen (“to pour out, empty”), from Old Norse tœma (“to pour out, empty”). Compare archaic English teem.", + "sentence": "How London doth pour out her citizens.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pour", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, prologue]:" + }, + "anybody": { + "definition": "A person of some consideration or standing.", + "origin": "From Middle English ani-bodi, anybodi, eny body. By surface analysis, any + body.", + "sentence": "Everybody who wants to be anybody will come to Jake's party.", + "part_of_speech": "pron", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anybody", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "whisper": { + "definition": "The act of speaking in a quiet voice, especially without vibration of the vocal cords; the sound thus produced.", + "origin": "From Middle English whisperen, from Old English hwisprian (“to mutter, murmur, whisper”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwisprōn, from Proto-Germanic *hwisprōną (“to hiss, whistle, whisper”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweys-, *ḱwey- (“to hiss, whistle, whisper”).\nCognate with Dutch wisperen (“to whisper”), German wispern (“to mumble, whisper”). Related also to Danish hviske (“to whisper”), Icelandic hvískra (“to whisper”), Norwegian Bokmål hviske, kviskre (“to whisper”), Norwegian Nynorsk kviskre, kviskra (“to whisper”), Swedish viska (“to whisper”). More at English whistle.", + "sentence": "I spoke in a near whisper.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whisper", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Thursday": { + "definition": "The fifth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fourth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Wednesday and precedes Friday.", + "origin": "From Middle English Thursday, Thuresday, from Old English þursdæġ, þuresdæġ (“Thursday”), possibly from a contraction of þunresdæġ (“Thursday”, literally “Thor's day”), or of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse þórsdagr; all from Proto-West Germanic *Þunras dag (“day of the thunder god”). Compare West Frisian tongersdei, German Low German Dunnersdag, Dutch donderdag, German Donnerstag, Danish torsdag. More at thunder, day.\nA calque of Latin diēs Iovis (diēs Jovis), via an association (interpretātiō germānica) of the god Thor with the Roman god of thunder Jove (Jupiter).", + "sentence": "My Lorde I vviſhe that Thurſday vvere to morrovv.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Thursday", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1591–1595 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] Romeo and Juliet. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, published 1597, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:" + }, + "music": { + "definition": "A series of sounds organized in time, usually employing some combination of harmony, melody, rhythm, tempo, timbre, sound design, lyrics, etc., often to convey a mood.", + "origin": "From Middle English musik, musike, borrowed from Anglo-Norman musik, musike, Old French musique, and their source Latin mūsica, from Ancient Greek μουσική (mousikḗ), from Ancient Greek Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”), an Ancient Greek deity of the arts. By surface analysis, muse + -ic (“pertaining to”). In this sense, displaced native Old English drēam (“music”), whence Modern English dream. Fully displaced Old English sweġl.", + "sentence": "I keep listening to this music because it’s a masterpiece.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/music", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "abaft": { + "definition": "Behind; toward the stern relative to some other object or position; aft of.", + "origin": "From Middle English obaft, baft, baften, from Old English beæftan; be (“by”) (modern English by) + æftan (“behind”) (modern English after). See also aft.", + "sentence": "The captain stood abaft the wheelhouse.", + "part_of_speech": "preposition", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abaft", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "abandon": { + "definition": "To no longer exercise a right, title, or interest, especially with no interest of reclaiming it again; to yield; to relinquish.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nLatin ad\nOld French a\nProto-Germanic *bannanąder.\nFrankish *bannder.\nOld French ban\nProto-Indo-European *deh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *dóh₃r̥ ~ *déh₃n̥s\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Indo-European *déh₃nom\nProto-Italic *dōnom\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nProto-Italic *dōnāō?\nLatin donāre\nOld French doner\nOld French a ban doner\nOld French abandonerder.\nMiddle English abandounen\nEnglish abandon\nFrom Middle English abandounen, from Old French abandoner, formed from a (“at, to”) + bandon (“jurisdiction, control”), from Late Latin bannum (“proclamation”), bannus, bandum, from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command”) (whence English ban), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”). See also ban, banal.\nDisplaced Middle English forleten (“to abandon”), from Old English forlǣtan, anforlǣtan; see forlet; and Middle English forleven (“to leave behind, abandon”), from Old English forlǣfan; see forleave.\nCompare typologically abdicate, Russian отказа́ться (otkazátʹsja) (akin to приказа́ть (prikazátʹ), сказа́ть (skazátʹ), указа́ть (ukazátʹ)).", + "sentence": "I hereby abandon my position as manager.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abandon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "abashed": { + "definition": "Embarrassed, disconcerted, or ashamed.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "The scanty garments of fig-leaves with which our abashed first parents sought to conceal their nakedness.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abashed", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1918, James George Frazer, Folk-Lore In The Old Testament, volume 1, page 5:" + }, + "abject": { + "definition": "Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *h₂epó\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (adjective) [and other forms], from Middle French abject (modern French abject, abjet (obsolete)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast aside”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) + iaciō (“to throw”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\nCognates\n* Italian abiecto (obsolete), abietto\n* Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)\n* Spanish abjecto (obsolete), abyecto", + "sentence": "By hovv much from the top of vvondrous glory, / Strongeſt of mortal men, / To lovveſt pitch of abject fortune thou art fall'n.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abject", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 18, lines 168–170:" + }, + "aboriginal": { + "definition": "Living in a land before colonization by foreigners.", + "origin": "See Aboriginal.", + "sentence": "Where else but from Nantucket did those aboriginal whalemen, the Red-Men, first sally out in canoes to give chase to the Leviathan?", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aboriginal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 2:" + }, + "acceptance": { + "definition": "The state of being accepted.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *kapyéti\nProto-Italic *kapjō\nArchaic Latin kapiō\nLatin capiō\nLatin accipiō\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Italic *-tos\nLatin -tus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin -tō\nLatin acceptārelbor.\nOld French accepterder.\nMiddle French acceptancebor.\n▲\nOld French accepterder.?\nMiddle English accepten\nEnglish accept\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin -āns\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin -āntia\nOld French -ancebor.\nMiddle English -aunce\nEnglish -ance\nEnglish acceptance\n* First attested in 1528–1530. Probably partly from Middle French acceptance (from Old French accepter (“accept”)) and partly from accept + -ance.", + "sentence": "The warrant I haue of your Honourable Diſpoſition, not the Worth of my vntutor'd Lines makes it aſſured of acceptance.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acceptance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "acclaim": { + "definition": "To express great approval (for).", + "origin": "* First attested in the early 14th century.\n* (to applaud): First attested in the 1630s.\n* Borrowed from Latin acclāmō (“raise a cry at; applaud”), formed from ad- + clāmō (“cry out, shout”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acclaim", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "accolade": { + "definition": "An expression of approval; praise.", + "origin": "First use appears c. 1591 in the publications of Thomas Lodge, borrowed from French accolade, from Occitan acolada (“an embrace”), from acolar (“to embrace”), from Italian accollato, via Vulgar Latin *accollō (“to hug around the neck”), from Latin ad- + collum (“neck”) (English collar) + -āta.", + "sentence": "The scientist received the highest accolade in her field for the groundbreaking discovery.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accolade", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "accomplice": { + "definition": "An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory.", + "origin": "First attested in 1550. From a complice, from Middle English complice, from Old French complice (“confederate”), from Latin complicāre (“fold together”). The article a became part of the word, through the influence of the word accomplish.", + "sentence": "And thou, the curs’d Accomplice of her Treaſon, / Declare thy Meſſage, and expect thy Doom.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accomplice", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1749 February 6 (first performance; written 1726–1749), Samuel Johnson, Irene: A Tragedy. […], London: […] R[obert] Dodsley […]; and sold by M[ary] Cooper […], published 16 February 1749, →OCLC, act V, scene xii, page 83:" + }, + "acquit": { + "definition": "To clear oneself.", + "origin": "From Middle English aquī̆ten (“to give in return; to pay, repay; to redeem (a pledge, security), to make good (a promise); to make amends; to relieve of an obligation; to acquit, clear of a charge; to free; to deprive of; to do one's part, acquit oneself; to act, behave (in a certain way)”), from Old French aquiter (“to act, do”) and Medieval Latin acquitāre (“to settle a debt”), from ad- (“to”) + quitare (“to free”), equivalent to a- + quit. Doublet of acquiet; also related to quit, quiet and acquiesce.", + "sentence": "God forbid any Malice ſhould preuayle, / That faultleſſe may condemne a Noble man: / Pray God he may acquit him of ſuſpicion.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acquit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 133, column 2:" + }, + "acrostic": { + "definition": "A poem or other text in which certain letters, often the first in each line, spell out a name or message.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French acrostiche, acrostique (“acrostic”) (modern French acrostiche), and its etymon Late Latin acrostichis, from Ancient Greek ἀκροστιχίς (akrostikhís), from ἄκρο- (ákro-, prefix indicating, among other things, the extremity or tip of something) + στῐ́χος (stĭ́khos, “row or file of soldiers; line of poetry, verse”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ- (“to climb, go”)).", + "sentence": "It is an acrostic, the first letters of each line forming the words \"Oliver Hill of Shilston.\"", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acrostic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1822, Daniel Lysons, Samuel Lysons, “Modbury”, in Magna Britannia; being a Concise Topographical Account of the Several Counties of Great Britain, volume VI (Containing Devonshire), part II, London: Printed for Thomas Cadell, […], →OCLC, footnote p, page 345:" + }, + "adage": { + "definition": "An old saying which has obtained credit by long use.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French adage, from Latin adā̆gium.", + "sentence": "According to an old adage, oysters are best in months containing the letter R.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "addendum": { + "definition": "Something to be added; especially text added as an appendix or supplement to a document.", + "origin": "From the gerundive of Latin addere (“to add”).", + "sentence": "An addendum was added to the contract to clarify payment terms.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/addendum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "addition": { + "definition": "The act of adding anything.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tder.\nProto-Italic *-ðō\nLatin -dō\nLatin addō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin additiōder.\nOld French aditionder.\nMiddle English addicioun\nEnglish addition\nSense of “what is added” dates from 14th century, from Middle English addicioun, addition, from Old French adition, from Latin additiōnem, accusative singular of additiō, from addō (“add, put”).", + "sentence": "The addition of five more items to the agenda will make the meeting unbearably long.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/addition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "addle": { + "definition": "Having lost the power of development, and become rotten; putrid.", + "origin": "From Middle English adel (“rotten”), from Old English adel, adela (“mire, pool, liquid excrement”), from Proto-West Germanic *adal, from Proto-Germanic *adalaz, *adalô (“cattle urine, liquid manure”).\nAkin to Scots adill, North Frisian ethel (“urine”), Saterland Frisian adel (“dung”), Middle Low German adele (“mud, liquid manure”) (Dutch aal (“liquid manure”)), Old Swedish adel (“urine”), Danish ajle (“liquid manure”), Bavarian Adel (“liquid manure”).", + "sentence": "Why, he esteems her no more than I esteem an addle egg.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/addle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:" + }, + "adhesion": { + "definition": "An agreement to adhere.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nLatin haereō\nLatin adhaereō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin adhaesiōnemlbor.\nFrench adhésionder.\nEnglish adhesion\nFrom French adhésion, from Latin stem of adhaesio, from past participle of adhaerare.", + "sentence": "Mistress Affery, heartily glad to effect the proposed compromise, gave in her willing adhesion to it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adhesion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1855 December – 1857 June, Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, →OCLC:" + }, + "adjective": { + "definition": "Applying to methods of enforcement and rules of procedure.", + "origin": "From Middle English adjectif, adjective, from Old French adjectif, from Latin adiectivus, from adiciō + -īvus, from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + iaciō (“throw”). The Latin word adiectivus in turn was a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπιθετικόν (epithetikón, “added”), a derivative of the compound verb ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi), from which also comes epithet.", + "sentence": "The whole English law, substantive and adjective.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adjective", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter X, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:" + }, + "adjudicate": { + "definition": "To decide, rule on, or settle as a judge.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin adiūdicō, adiūdicātus, from ad + iūdicō (“to judge”). Doublet of adjudge.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adjudicate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "admonition": { + "definition": "A rebuke by an authority that one has erred and should not persist in one's actions.", + "origin": "From Middle English amonicioun, from Old French amonicion, from Latin admonitio, stem of admonere. The -d- was restored in English in the 17th century.", + "sentence": "But modesty cannot be implanted by admonition only—the elders must set the example.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/admonition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1892, Plato, translated by Benjamin Jowett, Laws (Plato):" + }, + "adnate": { + "definition": "Growing with one side adherent to a stem; applied to the lateral zooids of corals and other compound animals. in fish, having the eyes fused and unable to rotate independently", + "origin": "From Latin adnatus, past participle of variant form of agnascor (“born or growing at or upon”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adnate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "advection": { + "definition": "The horizontal movement of a body of atmosphere (or other fluid) along with a concurrent transport of its temperature, humidity etc.", + "origin": "From Latin advectio (“act of bringing”), from advectus (past participle of advehere (“to carry to”), from ad- + vehere (“to convey”)) + -io.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/advection", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "affront": { + "definition": "An open or intentional offense, slight, or insult.", + "origin": "From Middle English afrounten, from Old French afronter (“to hit in the face; to defy”), from Vulgar Latin *affrontare (“to hit in the face”), from Latin ad (“to”) + frōns (“forehead”) (English front). By surface analysis, af- + front.", + "sentence": "Such behavior is an affront to society.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affront", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "aforesaid": { + "definition": "Previously stated; said or named before.", + "origin": "From Middle English aforesaid(e), aforeseid(e), past participle of aforesayen, aforeseyen, aforeseien, aforeseggen; formed with the prefix afore- and the several forms of seien (“to say”). Equivalent to afore- + said.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aforesaid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "afroth": { + "definition": "Covered with froth, foam.", + "origin": "From a- + froth.", + "sentence": "Fine the horses, with flying manes and tight lithe bodies, shoulders sweating, muscles rippling, mouths afroth.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/afroth", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1969, Robert Coover, Pricksongs & descants: fictions, page 170:" + }, + "agility": { + "definition": "The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; quickness of motion", + "origin": "From late Middle English, borrowed from Middle French agilité, from Latin agilitās, from agilis (“nimble, fleet, quick”), equivalent to agile + -ity.", + "sentence": "His superior agility countered his lack of strength.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agility", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "agitation": { + "definition": "The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being disrupted with violence, or with irregular action; commotion.", + "origin": "From French agitation, from Latin agitātiō (“movement, agitation”).", + "sentence": "During a storm the sea is in agitation.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agitation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "algae": { + "definition": "Algal organisms viewed collectively or as a mass; algal growth.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Unlike seaweed, which grows in salt water, algae grows in freshwater ponds (chlorella or spirulina) or wild in the Pacific Northwest (Klamath blue green).", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/algae", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014, Terry Wahls, Eve Adamson, The Wahls Protocol: How I Beat Progressive MS Using Paleo Principles and Functional Medicine, page 280:" + }, + "alienate": { + "definition": "To estrange; to withdraw affections or attention from; to make indifferent or averse, where love or friendship before subsisted.", + "origin": "Either from the above adjective or directly borrowed from Latin alienātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Cognate with French aliéner.", + "sentence": "Commentators saw the strike as likely to alienate the public and unlikely to win significant changes in terms of closures and job losses.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alienate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 March 22, Mike Esbester, “Staff, the public and industry will suffer”, in RAIL, number 979, page 39:" + }, + "alpaca": { + "definition": "A sheep-like domesticated animal of the Andes, Vicugna pacos, in the camel family, closely related to the llama, guanaco, and vicuña.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish alpaca, from Aymara allpaqa.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alpaca", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "alpha": { + "definition": "The name of the symbols Α and α used in science and mathematics, often interchangeable with the symbols when used as a prefix.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Semitic *ʔalp-\nPhoenician 𐤀𐤋𐤐 (ʾlp)bor.\nAncient Greek ἄλφα (álpha)bor.\nEnglish alpha\nFrom the Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha), the first letter of the Greek alphabet, from the Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”). Doublet of alif and aleph.", + "sentence": "I will attempt to make an alpha particle (\"α-particle\") with the Large Hadron Collider.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alpha", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "altercation": { + "definition": "An angry or heated dispute.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin altercātiō.\nCognates\n* Catalan altercació\n* Italian altercazione\n* Occitan altercatio, altercassion\n* Portuguese altercação\n* Spanish altercación", + "sentence": "The shooting resulted from an altercation between two armed intoxicated men.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/altercation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "amass": { + "definition": "To collect into a mass or heap.", + "origin": "From Middle English *amassen (found only as Middle English massen (“to amass”)), from Anglo-Norman amasser, from Medieval Latin amassāre, from ad + massa (“lump, mass”). See mass.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amass", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Americana": { + "definition": "All things peculiar to the culture and people of the United States; anything that is a symbol of American life.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃emh₃-\nProto-Germanic *amalą\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs\nProto-Celtic *rīxsbor.\nProto-Germanic *rīks\nProto-Germanic *Amalarīksder.\nProto-Germanic *haimaz\n▲\nProto-Germanic *rīks\nProto-Germanic *Haimarīksder.?\nItalian Amerigoder.\nNew Latin Americalbor.\nEnglish America\nEnglish -ana\nEnglish Americana\nFrom America + -ana.", + "sentence": "Coke now stands for 1950s Americana.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Americana", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, D. B. Holt, How Brands Become Icons, Harvard Business Press, →ISBN, page 27:" + }, + "amiably": { + "definition": "In an amiable manner; in a friendly or pleasant manner.", + "origin": "From Middle English amyablelich, amyably, equivalent to amiable + -ly. Piecewise doublet of amicably.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amiably", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "amnesty": { + "definition": "Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance of wrong; oblivion.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French amnestie (Modern French amnistie), a borrowing from Latin amnestia, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀμνηστία (amnēstía).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amnesty", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "amulet": { + "definition": "A religious article, protective charm, or ornament, usually bearing cultural or magical symbols, worn for protection against ill will, negative influences, the evil eye, or evil spirits.", + "origin": "From Middle French amulette, from Latin amuletum.", + "sentence": "The soldier wore an amulet for protection.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amulet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "amusement": { + "definition": "Entertainment.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nOld French a-\nMedieval Latin musumder.?\nOld French muser\nOld French amuser\nMiddle French amuser\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom\nProto-Italic *-mentom\nLatin -mentum\nOld French -ment\nMiddle French -ment\nMiddle French amusementbor.\nEnglish amusement\nBorrowed from Middle French amusement, from amuser + -ment. Morphologically amuse + -ment.", + "sentence": "To my great amusement, the dog kept on chasing its tail and yelped when it bit it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amusement", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ancho": { + "definition": "A broad, flat, dried poblano pepper, often ground into a powder.", + "origin": "From Spanish (chile) ancho (literally “wide chile”).", + "sentence": "Add stock, tomato sauce, beans, roasted red pepper, garlic, paprika, ancho powder, ground chipotles and habaneros, cocoa powder, salt and pepper.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ancho", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009 January 30, “Fire-roasted hot chili”, in Toronto Star:" + }, + "anime": { + "definition": "An animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos\nProto-Italic *anamos\nLatin animus\nLatin anima\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin animō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin animatiōlbor.\nEnglish animationbor.\nJapanese アニメーション (animēshon)clip.\nJapanese アニメ (anime)bor.\nEnglish anime\nBorrowed from Japanese アニメ (anime), an abbreviation of アニメーション (animēshon), itself borrowed from English animation, from Latin animātiō, from animāre.", + "sentence": "After three months of successful sales in manga form, it was made into an anime for television.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anime", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Peter J. Katzenstein, A World of Regions, page 165:" + }, + "animus": { + "definition": "A feeling of enmity, animosity or ill will.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin animus (“the mind, in a great variety of meanings: the rational soul in man, intellect, consciousness, will, intention, courage, spirit, sensibility, feeling, passion, pride, vehemence, wrath, etc., the breath, life, soul”), from Proto-Italic *anamos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, from *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”). Closely related to Latin anima, which is a feminine form.", + "sentence": "However, the Republican party's anti-ESG animus has undoubtedly played a role, according to Bloy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/animus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 April 29, Kenza Bryan, “US investors ditch green funds on ‘woke capitalism’ backlash”, in FT Weekend, London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 14:" + }, + "anklet": { + "definition": "A piece of jewelry/jewellery, resembling a bracelet but worn around the ankle.", + "origin": "From ankle + -et, based on bracelet.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anklet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Amish": { + "definition": "Relating to this sect.", + "origin": "From Pennsylvania German Amisch or German Amische, after the name of the Swiss preacher Jakob Amman (1645-1730). The surname is a contraction of Old High German ambahtman.", + "sentence": "Lloyd Smucker gestures to the National Mall while showing a group of Amish men from Quarryville and Paradise the House speaker's balcony at the U.S.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Amish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018 October 21, Sam Janesch, “Meet Lloyd Smucker: Amish-born congressman seeking a second term on tax cuts and conservative record”, in Lancaster Online, archived from the original on 04 Sep 2022:" + }, + "anniversary": { + "definition": "A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event occurred. Often preceded by an ordinal number indicating the number of years.", + "origin": "From Middle English anniversary, from Medieval Latin anniversāria (diēs), anniversārium, from anniversārius (“yearly”), from annus (“year”) + versus, past participle of vertere (“to turn”).", + "sentence": "Today is the fiftieth anniversary of the end of the war.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anniversary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "annotate": { + "definition": "To add annotation to.", + "origin": "From Latin annotātus, past participle of annotāre (an alternative form of adnotāre), from ad- (“to”) + notāre (“to mark, note”). By surface analysis, an- + note + -ate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/annotate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "anoint": { + "definition": "To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to spread over, as oil.", + "origin": "From Middle English enointen, anointen, borrowed from Old French enoint, past participle of enoindre (“to anoint”). Doublet of inunct.", + "sentence": "And Fragrant Oils the ſtiffen'd Limbs anoint.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anoint", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1697, Virgil, “The Sixth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 371, line 315:" + }, + "ante": { + "definition": "In poker and other games, the contribution made by all players to the pot, often before dealing all the cards.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin ante (“before”). Doublet of and.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ante", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "anthropology": { + "definition": "The scientific study of humans, systematically describing the ethnographic, linguistic, archaeological, and evolutionary dimensions of humanity using a holistic methodological framework.", + "origin": "From New Latin anthropologia, from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “human, mankind”) + -λογία (-logía). By surface analysis, anthropo- + -logy.", + "sentence": "According to anthropology, there are six basic patterns of kinship terminology or kin naming systems.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anthropology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "anyway": { + "definition": "Regardless; anyhow.", + "origin": "From any + way.", + "sentence": "He didn't enjoy washing his car, but it was so dirty that he did it anyway.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anyway", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "apology": { + "definition": "An expression of remorse or regret for having said or done something that harmed another: an instance of apologizing (saying that one is sorry).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Hellenic *apó\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓πό (ăpó)\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓πο- (ăpo-)\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *lóǵos\nProto-Hellenic *lógos\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek ἀπολογία (apología)bor.\nEcclesiastical Latin apologialbor.\nFrench apologiebor.\nEnglish apology\nFrom French apologie, from Late Latin apologia, from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología, “a speech in defence”), from ἀπολογοῦμαι (apologoûmai, “I speak in my defense”), from ἀπόλογος (apólogos, “an account, story”), from ἀπό (apó, “from, off”) (see apo-) + λόγος (lógos, “speech”). Doublet of apologia. By surface analysis, apo- + -logy.", + "sentence": "What he said really hurt my feelings, but his apology sounded so sincere that I couldn't help but forgive him.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "apparel": { + "definition": "Clothing.", + "origin": "From Old French apareillier. Doublet of parrel.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apparel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "applicable": { + "definition": "Suitable for application; relevant.", + "origin": "From Old French applicable, from Medieval Latin applicabilis.", + "sentence": "This rule is not applicable to the longer-standing members of the club.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/applicable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "appraisal": { + "definition": "The act or process of developing an opinion of value.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish appraise\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish appraisal\nFrom appraise + -al.", + "sentence": "She hated that silent appraisal, watching someone compare her to a version that she might have been.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/appraisal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020, Brit Bennett, The Vanishing Half, Dialogue Books, page 47:" + }, + "apprehensive": { + "definition": "Anticipating something with anxiety, fear, or doubt; reluctant.", + "origin": "From Latin apprehensīvus, from apprehensus, perfect passive participle of apprehendō (“to apprehend, understand, learn”) + -īvus (“-ive”).", + "sentence": "Never before in his life had Dan Holland feared anything, but now he was apprehensive for the safety of this trim blond creature before him.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apprehensive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1947 August, “Death Thumbs A Ride”, in Crime Does Not Pay, number 54, page 45:" + }, + "arithmetic": { + "definition": "The mathematics of numbers (integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers) under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂er-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂rey-der.\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓ρῐθμός (ărĭthmós)\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *-eyéti\nProto-Indo-European *-esyéti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nAncient Greek -έω (-éō)\nAncient Greek ἀριθμέω (arithméō)\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Hellenic *-tis\nAncient Greek -τῐς (-tĭs)\nAncient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\n?\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Hellenic *-tós\nAncient Greek -τος (-tos)\n▲\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\n?\nAncient Greek -τικός (-tikós)\nAncient Greek ἀριθμητῐκός (arithmētĭkós)\nAncient Greek ἀριθμητῐκή (arithmētĭkḗ)bor.\nLatin arithmēticabor.\n▲\nAncient Greek ἀριθμητῐκός (arithmētĭkós)bor.\nLatin arithmēticusbor.\nOld French arismetiquebor.\nMiddle English arsmetike\nEnglish arithmetic\nFrom Middle English arsmetike, from Old French arismetique, from Latin arithmētica, from Ancient Greek ἀριθμητική (τέχνη) (arithmētikḗ (tékhnē), “(art of) counting”), feminine of ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós, “arithmetical”), from ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number, counting”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s, form of *h₂rey- (“to count, reason”). Used in English since 13th century.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arithmetic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "armadillo": { + "definition": "Any of the burrowing mammals in the families Dasypodidae, Chlamyphoridae, Tolypeutidae and Euphractidae in the order Cingulata, found in the Americas, especially South America, and covered with bony, jointed protective plates.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂er-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos\nProto-Italic *armosder.\nLatin arma\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin armō\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nLatin armātus\nOld Spanish armado\nSpanish armado\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -lus\nLatin -ellus\nOld Spanish -iello\nSpanish -illo\nSpanish armadillobor.\nEnglish armadillo\nBorrowed from Spanish armadillo, diminutive of armado (“armored”), in reference to its protective plates.", + "sentence": "But the priciest items in the market aren't the armadillo steaks or even the bluefin tuna.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/armadillo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 July 26, Nick Miroff, “Mexico gets a taste for eating insects …”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 32:" + }, + "astonish": { + "definition": "To surprise greatly.", + "origin": "Probably an alteration (due to words ending in -ish: abolish, banish, cherish, establish, furnish, etc.) of earlier astony, astone, astun (“to astonish, stun”), from Middle English astoneyen, astonen (“to stun, astonish”), variant of stonen, stoneyen (“to stun, astonish”) prefixed with a-. However, compare Old French estonir, a rare variant of estoner (“to stun, astonish”).", + "sentence": "But I believe your opinion of him would in general astonish — and perhaps you would not express it quite so strongly anywhere else.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astonish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "astounding": { + "definition": "That astounds or astound.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Wasted in darkness down the pitchy wave, / We saw the Stygian pool her borders lave, / Fed by th’ astounding cataract on high.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astounding", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1802, Dante Alighieri, “Canto VII”, in Henry Boyd, transl., The Divina Commedia of Dante Alighieri: Consisting of the Inferno—Purgatorio—and Paradiso. Translated into English Verse, […] In Three Volumes, volume I (Inferno), London: Printed by A[ndrew] Strahan, […]; for T[homas] Cadell, Jun. and W[illiam] Davies, […], →OCLC, stanza XVIII, page 152:" + }, + "atomic": { + "definition": "Of or relating to atoms; composed of atoms; monatomic.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nAncient Greek τέμνω (témnō)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Hellenic *-ós\n▲\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)influ.\nAncient Greek -ός (-ós)\nAncient Greek *τομός (*tomós)\nAncient Greek ἄτομος (átomos)bor.\nLatin atomusbor.\nMiddle French athomebor.\nMiddle English attome\nEnglish atom\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish atomic\nFrom atom + -ic.", + "sentence": "A stream of atomic hydrogen is emitted.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atomic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "atonement": { + "definition": "Making amends to restore a damaged relationship; expiation.", + "origin": "Perhaps from atone + -ment as translation of Medieval Latin adūnāmentum; however, the noun is found earlier than the verb (atone); and in this light, the proper etymology is at + onement.", + "sentence": "When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best atonement he can make for it is, to warn others.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atonement", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1711 March 19 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “THURSDAY, March 9, 1710–1711”, in The Spectator, number 8; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:" + }, + "attendee": { + "definition": "A person who is in attendance or in the audience of an event.", + "origin": "From attend + -ee.", + "sentence": "O'Reilly, the summit host, remembers a particularly insightful comment from Torvalds, a summit attendee.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/attendee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002, Sam Williams, Free as in Freedom, chapter 11:" + }, + "attitude": { + "definition": "The position of the body or way of carrying oneself.", + "origin": "From French attitude, from Italian attitudine (“attitude, aptness”), from Medieval Latin aptitūdō (“aptitude”) and actitūdō (“acting, posture”), from Latin aptō and actitō. Doublet of aptitude.", + "sentence": "The ballet dancer walked with a graceful attitude.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/attitude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "auction": { + "definition": "A public event where goods or property are sold to the highest bidder.", + "origin": "From Latin auctiō (“an increase, auction”), from augere (“to increase”).", + "sentence": "In a “Dutch auction”, often used to sell flowers and fruit, prices start high and gradually drop until a bidder is willing to pay up.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/auction", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 July 12, “Competition, hammered”, in The Economist, volume 412, number 8895:" + }, + "auditorium": { + "definition": "A large room for public meetings or performances.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin audītōrium, from audītōrius (“pertaining to hearing”). Equivalent to auditory + -ium.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/auditorium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "avalanche": { + "definition": "A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice.", + "origin": "From French avalanche, from Franco-Provençal (Savoy) avalançhe, blend of aval (“downhill”) and standard lavençhe, from Vulgar Latin *labanka (compare Occitan lavanca, Italian valanga), of uncertain origin, perhaps an alteration of Late Latin lābīna (“landslide”) (compare Franco-Provençal (Dauphiné) lavino, Romansh lavina), from Latin lābēs, from lābor (“to slip, slide”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avalanche", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "avatar": { + "definition": "A character model, used virtually as an emulation of a user or their persona.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ew\nProto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa\nSanskrit अव (ava)\nProto-Indo-European *terh₂-\nSanskrit तॄ (tṝ)\nSanskrit तार (tāra)\nSanskrit अवतार (avatāra)der.\nEnglish avatar\nBorrowed from Hindustani अवतार (avtār) / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root तॄ (tṝ, “to cross”) (whence तरति (tarati)). First attested in c. 1784 in The Hindu Wife or The Enchanted Fruit, by William Jones.\nThe computing sense was first attested in video games in the 1980s, such as the online roleplaying game Habitat (1985) by Lucasfilm Games (today LucasArts), later versions of the Ultima series, following religious use in Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar (1985), and the pen and paper role-playing game Shadowrun (1989). This sense was also popularized by the novel Snow Crash (1992) by Neal Stephenson.", + "sentence": "VIs use a variety of methods to simulate natural conversation, including an audio interface and an avatar personality to interact with.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avatar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (science fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Computers: Virtual Intelligence (VI) Codex entry:" + }, + "avenue": { + "definition": "A method or means by which something may be accomplished.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French avenue, from Old French avenue, feminine past participle of avenir (“approach”), from Latin adveniō, advenīre (“come to”, from ad (“to”) + veniō, venīre (“come”)).", + "sentence": "Goalkeeper Petr Cech also saved well from Messi and Carles Puyol as Pep Guardiola's team tried every avenue in an attempt to break Chelsea down.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avenue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012 April 18, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 1-0 Barcelona”, in BBC Sport:" + }, + "aviation": { + "definition": "Flying, operating, or operation of aircraft.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French aviation, derived from Latin avis (“bird”). By surface analysis, avi- + -ation.", + "sentence": "The history of aviation is full of daring pioneers.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aviation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "awry": { + "definition": "Wrong or distorted; perverse, amiss, off course", + "origin": "From Middle English awry, awrie. By surface analysis, a- + wry.", + "sentence": "There is something awry with this story.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/awry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bachelorette": { + "definition": "An unmarried woman.", + "origin": "From bachelor + -ette. Displaced maid.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bachelorette", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "backgammon": { + "definition": "A board game for two players in which each has 15 stones which move between 24 triangular points according to the roll of a pair of dice; the object is to move all of one's pieces around, and bear them off the board.", + "origin": "Probably from back + Middle English gamen, from Old English gamen (“amusement, game”).", + "sentence": "Palmer's backgammon-board,\" said Isabella, whose notion of an elderly gentleman's amusements of an evening was derived from what she had seen Mr.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/backgammon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 90:" + }, + "bailiff": { + "definition": "The chief justice and president of the legislature on Jersey and Guernsey in the Channel Islands.", + "origin": "From Middle English baillif, baylyf, from Anglo-Norman and Old French bailif (plural bailis), probably from Vulgar Latin *bāiulivus (“castellan”), from Latin bāiulus (“porter; steward”), whence also bail. As a translation of foreign titles, semantic loan from French bailli, Scots bailie, Dutch baljuw, etc. Mostly replaced the role of native reeve. Doublet of bailo.", + "sentence": "The Bailiff of Jersey is the President of the States and acts as Speaker of the Assembly in the Westminster tradition.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bailiff", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011 June 29, “The Bailiff of Jersey”, in States Assembly, archived from the original on 14 Sep 2015:" + }, + "ballad": { + "definition": "A kind of narrative poem, adapted for recitation or singing; especially, a sentimental or romantic poem in short stanzas.", + "origin": "From French ballade, from Old Occitan ballada (“poem for a dance”), from Late Latin ballare. Doublet of balada and ballade.", + "sentence": "The poet composed a ballad praising the heroic exploits of the fallen commander.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ballad", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "banana": { + "definition": "The tropical tree-like plant which bears clusters of bananas, a plant of the genus Musa (but sometimes also including plants from Ensete), which has large, elongated leaves.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Portuguese banana or Spanish banana, derived from a Niger-Congo language spoken in the Guinea region. Specific derivation is unclear. Possible ancestor or cognate languages include Wolof banaana, Eastern Maninkakan banana, and Vai ꕒꘌꕯ (ɓaana) or ꕒꕌꕯ (ɓaana), possibly from Arabic بَنَان (banān, “fingertip, banana”). However, Ay Baati Wolof (Munro & Gaye, 1997) posits that Wolof banaana is itself derived from Portuguese banana.\nThe racial slur derives from the notion that they are “Yellow (East-Asian) on the outside, but White (Westernized) on the inside”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/banana", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "banquet": { + "definition": "A large celebratory meal; a feast.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.\nProto-Germanic *bankiz\nProto-West Germanic *banki\nLombardic bankbor.\nItalian banco\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Italic *-tosder.?\nLate Latin -ittus\nItalian -etto\nItalian banchettoder.\nMiddle French banquetbor.\nMiddle English banket\nEnglish banquet\nFrom Middle English banket, from Middle French banquet, from Italian banchetto (“light repast between meals, snack eaten on a small bench”, literally “a small bench”), from banco (“bench”), from Lombardic *bank, *panch (“bench”), from Proto-Germanic *bankiz (“bench”). Akin to Old High German bank, banch (“bench”), Old English benċ (“bench”). More at bank, bench. The unetymological /w/ resulted from spelling-pronunciation.", + "sentence": "So comes a Reck’ning when the Banquet’s o’er, / The dreadful Reck’ning, and Men ſmile no more.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/banquet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "[1715], [John] Gay, The What D’Ye Call It: A Tragi-comi-pastoral Farce, London: […] Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, Act II, scene ix, page 40:" + }, + "baptismal": { + "definition": "Of or relating to baptism.", + "origin": "From baptism + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baptismal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "barbie": { + "definition": "A barbecue (apparatus for grilling).", + "origin": "Clipping of barbecue + -ie (diminutive suffix).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/barbie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bask": { + "definition": "To bathe in warmth; to be exposed to pleasant heat.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English basken, from Old Norse baðask (“to take a bath”, literally “to bathe oneself”), mediopassive form from underlying baða (“to bathe”) + sik (“oneself”), from Proto-Germanic *baþōną and *sek. Doublet of English bathe.", + "sentence": "She shivered until she got to the cozy fireplace, where she could bask in the heat coming off it.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bask", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "badger": { + "definition": "To pester; to annoy persistently; to press.", + "origin": "From Middle English bageard (“marked by a badge”), from bage (“badge”), referring to the animal's badge-like white blaze, equivalent to badge + -ard. Displaced earlier brock, from Old English brocc.", + "sentence": "Just a warning: people are going to badger you about that.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/badger", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 September 17, Jocelyn Samara D., Rain (webcomic), Comic 426 - Trans AND Gay:" + }, + "become": { + "definition": "begin to be; turn into (often with permanent states).", + "origin": "A compound of the sources of be- + come.\nFrom Middle English becomen, bicumen, from Old English becuman (“to come (to), approach, arrive, enter, meet with, fall in with; happen, befall; befit”), from Proto-Germanic *bikwemaną (“to come around, come about, come across, come by”), equivalent to be- (“about, around”) + come. Cognate with Scots becum (“to come, arrive, reach a destination”), North Frisian bekommen, bykommen (“to come by, obtain, receive”), West Frisian bikomme (“to come by, obtain, receive”), Dutch bekomen (“to come by, obtain, receive”), German bekommen (“to get, receive, obtain”), Swedish bekomma (“to receive, concern”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (biqiman, “to come upon one, befall”). Sense of \"befit, suit\" due to influence from Middle English cweme, icweme, see queem. Displaced Old English weorþan.", + "sentence": "The weather will become cold after the sun goes down.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/become", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Bengal": { + "definition": "A player on the team The Cincinnati Bengals.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Portuguese Bengala, from Classical Persian بَنْگَالَه (bangāla), from Middle Bengali বাঙ্গালা (baṅgala), said to be from the Vanga Kingdom, of uncertain ultimate origin. Vangalam has been attested in medieval South India. Doublet of Bangla.", + "sentence": "Jones became a Bengal in a trade for Smith.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bengal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bias": { + "definition": "A person's favourite member of a K-pop band.", + "origin": "c. 1520 in the sense \"oblique line\". As a technical term in the game of bowls c. 1560, whence the figurative use (c. 1570).\nFrom Middle French biais, adverbially (\"sideways, askance, against the grain\") c. 1250, as a noun (\"oblique angle, slant\") from the late 16th century.\nThe French word is likely from Old Occitan biais, itself of obscure origin, most likely from Vulgar Latin *biaxius (“with two axes”).", + "sentence": "The last thing you want is for your camera to die when you finally get that selca with your bias.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bias", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015, \"Top 10 Tips For Travelling To Korea\", UKP Magazine, Winter 2015, page 37" + }, + "birdie": { + "definition": "A bird; especially, a small and cute one.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nOld English bridd\nMiddle English brid\nEnglish bird\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nEnglish birdie\nFrom bird + -ie.", + "sentence": "Aw, that's a cute little birdie.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/birdie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "biscuit": { + "definition": "A form of unglazed earthenware.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nEtymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *dwís\nProto-Italic *dwis\nOld Latin duis\nLatin bis\nProto-Indo-European *pekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *pékʷeti\nProto-Italic *kʷekʷō\nLatin *quoquō\nLatin coquō\nLatin coctus\nEarly Medieval Latin biscoctus\nOld French bescuitbor.\nMiddle English bisquyte\nEnglish biscuit\nFrom earlier bisket, from Middle English bisquyte, from Old French bescuit (French biscuit); doublet of biscotto.", + "sentence": "In 1740, Thomas Whieldon of Little Fenton made 'toys' in either the clay or biscuit state.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biscuit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 202:" + }, + "bizarro": { + "definition": "Being the opposite or logical inverse of a familiar person, place, or situation.", + "origin": "Variant of bizarre, equivalent to bizarre + -o; see that entry for more information. In the sense of “logical inverse”, derived via the comic book character Bizarro, an inverted version of Superman from a planet where “good” means “bad” and so on, and further popularized by \"The Bizarro Jerry\", a 1996 episode of the sitcom Seinfeld.", + "sentence": "In some alternate, bizarro universe, there was probably a bizarro Kirsten who was totally awesome.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bizarro", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Robin Wasserman, Candy Apple #25: Wish You Were Here, Liza, Scholastic Inc., →ISBN, page 23:" + }, + "blandish": { + "definition": "To persuade someone by using flattery; to cajole.", + "origin": "From Middle English blaundishen (“to flatter; to fawn; to be enticing or persuasive; to be favourable; of the sea: to become calm”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman blaundishen, from blandiss-, the extended stem of Middle French blandir + Middle English -ishen (suffix forming verbs). Blandir is derived from Latin blandīrī (“to fawn, flatter; to delude”), from blandus (“fawning, flattering, smooth, suave; persuasive; alluring, enticing, seductive; agreeable, pleasant”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“erroneous, false; bad, evil”)) + -iō (suffix forming causative verbs from adjectives). The English word is analysable as bland + -ish; compare bland (“agreeable, pleasant, suave; mild, soothing”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blandish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "blarney": { + "definition": "Mindless chatter.", + "origin": "Named after a legendary magical stone in Blarney Castle, Ireland that gives the gift of eloquence. See also Blarney Stone.", + "sentence": "He is full of blarney.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blarney", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bleary": { + "definition": "Tired, having senses dulled by exhaustion.", + "origin": "From Middle English blery, equivalent to blear + -y. Compare Old English bleriġ (“bald”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bleary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bleat": { + "definition": "The characteristic cry of a sheep or a goat.", + "origin": "From Middle English bleten, from Old English blǣtan (“to bleat”), from Proto-West Germanic *blātijan, from Proto-Germanic *blētijaną (“to bleat”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to howl, cry, bleat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to make a loud noise”).\nCognate with Scots blete, bleit, West Frisian bâlte, blaaien, blêtsje (“to bleat”), Dutch blaten (“to bleat”), Low German bleten (“to bleat”), German blaßen, blässen (“to bleat”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bleat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "blemish": { + "definition": "A small flaw which spoils the appearance of something, a stain, a spot.", + "origin": "From Middle English blemisshen, blemissen, from Old French blemiss-, stem of Old French blemir, blesmir (“make pale, injure, wound, bruise”) (French blêmir), from Old Frankish *blesmijan, *blasmijan (“to make pale”), from Old Frankish *blasmī (“pale”), from Proto-Germanic *blasaz (“white, pale”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shine”). Cognate with Dutch bles (“white spot”), German blass (“pale”), Old English āblered (“bare, uncovered, bald, shaven”).", + "sentence": "Ye shall offer at your own will a male without blemish, of the beeves, of the sheep, or of the goats.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blemish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1769, Oxford Standard Text, “King James Bible”, in Leviticus, 22, xix:" + }, + "blink": { + "definition": "To see with the eyes half shut, or indistinctly and with frequent winking, as a person with weak eyes.", + "origin": "From Middle English blynken, blenken, from Old English *blincan (suggested by causative verb blenċan (“to deceive”); > English blench), from Proto-Germanic *blinkaną, a variant of *blīkaną (“to gleam, shine”).\nCognate with Dutch blinken (“to glitter, shine”), German blinken (“to flash, blink”), Danish blinke (“to flash, twinkle, wink, blink”), Swedish blinka (“to flash, blink, twinkle, wink, blink”). Related to blank, blick, blike, bleak.", + "sentence": "Show me thy chink, to blink through with mine eyne.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blink", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:" + }, + "blizzard": { + "definition": "A large snowstorm accompanied by strong winds and greatly reduced visibility caused by blowing snow.", + "origin": "Unknown, with various theories as below. Compare English blizz (“violent rainstorm”), dialectal English bliz (“violent blow”); one etymology, from Midlands English dialect, seems to be ultimately from Old English blysa (“blaze”).\nEtymology theories\n* The earliest written use of blizzard as a term to describe a severe snowstorm, spelled blizard, was in the Estherville, Iowa's Northern Vindicator on 23 April 1870. O.C. Bates, neologistic editor of the Northern Vindicator, used it for the terrific snowstorms in the state that spring. He claimed he had picked up the term from locals characterizing a \"Lightning Ellis\", on account of his violent outbursts. One week later it appeared again in the same newspaper, only with the now-common double-z spelling.\n* Blizzard possibly comes from the surname \"Blizzard\" dating back to 1700s(?). Blizzard surname possibly comes from the blizzard one, dating back to the 1500s(?).\n* The word blizzard was used (not in relation to the weather) in America prior to 1870. It had various, roughly associated, now obsolete meanings:\n: Blast with a firearm or cannon (whether one or multiple bullets or pellets uncertain)\n: Verbal blast\n: Blast with a firearm or cannon (single ball or bullet):\n: Blazing fire\n: Heavy or painful physical blow (not involving a firearm)\n: Literal or figurative attack\n: Exclamation (like “the blazes” or “blue blazes\")\n: Blast with multiple firearms or with a firearm loaded with multiple pellets\n: Shot of liquor\n* Probably from the German blitzartig (“very fast, like lightning”)\n* Another version suggests French blesser (to wound), but neither this nor the German can be substantiated. Yet another claims that blizzard derives from English dialect blizzer, meaning \"a blaze\" or \"flash\" (\"Put towthry sticks on th' fire, an' let's have a blizzer,\" - The English Dialect Dictionary) or from blazer (something that blazes or blasts), which gave the early sense \"a volley of firing guns,\" that is, a general \"blazing away.\"\n* Thomas Ratcliffe of Worksop, Nottinghamshire, in the March 17, 1888, edition\nBLIZZARD (7th S. v. 106).—The word blizzard is well known through the Midlands, and its cognates are fairly numerous. I have known the word and its kin fully thirty years. Country folk use the word to denote blazing, blasting, blinding, dazzling, or stifling. One who has had to face a severe storm of snow, hail, rain, dust, or wind, would say on reaching shelter that he has \"faced a blizzer,\" or that the storm was \"a regular blizzard.\" A blinding flash of lightning would call forth the exclamation, \"My! that wor a blizzomer!\" or \"That wor a blizzer!\" \"Put towthry sticks on th' fire, an let's have a blizzer\"—a blaze. \"A good blizzom\" = a good blaze. \"That tree is blizzared\" = blasted, withered. As an oath the word is often used, and \"May I be blizzerded\" will be readily understood.\n* A check of some of the Midlands regional glossaries printed in the 1800s finds several entries for blizzy. First, from Anne Baker, Glossary of Northamptonshire words and phrases (1854):\nBLIZZY. A blaze. \"Blow the fire, and let's have a nice blizzy.\" This, though now considered a vulgarism, is a retention of the original A.-Sax. blysa, a blaze.\nAnd Angelina Parker, A Glossary of Words Used in Oxfordshire (1876):\nBlizzy, a flaring fire produced by putting on small sticks. Ex. 'Let's 'a a bit of a blizzy afore us goes to bed.'\nAnd from Barzillai Lowsley, A Glossary of Berkshire Words and Phrases (1888):\nBLIZZY.— A blaze. The fire is said to be all of a \"blizzy\" when pieces of wood have been inserted amongst the coal to make it burn cheerfully.\nAnd from G. F. Northall, A Warwickshire Word-book (1896):\nBlizzy, sb. A blaze, a blast, a flare of fire. A.-Sax. blysa, a blaze. Common.\nThey suggest that blizzy survived from the ancient word blysa in numerous localities and might well share a root with the U.S. blizzard.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blizzard", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "blooper": { + "definition": "A filmed or videotaped outtake that has recorded an amusing accident or mistake.", + "origin": "From bloop + -er, of US origin.", + "sentence": "Members of the club get prizes for blooper contributions, and it will soon have a monthly newsletter.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blooper", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1963 August 24, “Some Goof: Success through Mistakes”, in Lee Zhito, editor, Billboard: The International Music-record Newsweekly, volume 75, number 34, Cincinnati, Oh.: The Billboard Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 7, columns 1 and 3:" + }, + "blurb": { + "definition": "A short description of a book, film, or other work, written and used for promotional purposes.", + "origin": "Coined by American artist, art critic, poet, author and humorist Gelett Burgess in 1907 on a dust jacket at a trade association dinner. The dust jacket said “YES, this is a “BLURB”!” and featured a (fictitious) “Miss Belinda Blurb” shown calling out, described as “in the act of blurbing”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blurb", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "boogie-woogie": { + "definition": "A style of blues piano music.", + "origin": "Reduplication of boogie (“party”), of unknown origin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boogie-woogie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bootless": { + "definition": "Profitless; pointless; unavailing.", + "origin": "From Middle English boteles, botles, from Old English bōtlēas; equivalent to boot (“profit; use; behoof”) + -less. Doublet of botleas.", + "sentence": "I'll follow him no more with bootless prayers.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bootless", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:" + }, + "botany": { + "definition": "A branch of biology concerned with the scientific study of plants.", + "origin": "First attested in 1696: Back-formation from botanic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/botany", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bother": { + "definition": "To annoy, to disturb, to irritate; to be troublesome to, to make trouble for.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Scots bauther, bather (“to bother”). Origin unknown. Perhaps related to Scots pother (“to make a stir or commotion, bustle”), also of unknown origin. Compare English pother (“to poke, prod”), variant of potter (“to poke”). More at potter. Perhaps related to Irish bodhaire (“noise”), Irish bodhraim (“to deafen, annoy”).", + "sentence": "Would it bother you if I smoked?", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bother", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bountiful": { + "definition": "Having a quantity or amount that is generous or plentiful; ample.", + "origin": "From bounty + -ful.", + "sentence": "They enjoyed a wet summer and a bountiful harvest.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bountiful", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "breathtaking": { + "definition": "stunningly beautiful; amazing", + "origin": "From breath + taking.", + "sentence": "He went to the Grand Canyon and spent a week taking in the breathtaking scenery all around him.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/breathtaking", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "brethren": { + "definition": "Of or akin to; related; like", + "origin": "From Early Modern English brethren, plural of brother, from Middle English brethren, from Middle English brethere, brether + -en (plural ending). Ultimately from Old English brōþor, brōþru (“brothers, brethren”), influenced by Old English brēþer, dative singular of brōþor (“brother”). Equivalent to brother + -en (plural ending). Compare German Brüder (“brothers, brethren”). More at brother. The vowel change (from o to e) is called umlaut.", + "sentence": "The principle still sounds good, but our astronomical knowledge is limited, and we haven't yet discovered any such brethren solar systems.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brethren", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009, Seth Shostak, Confessions of an Alien Hunter:" + }, + "brick": { + "definition": "Such hardened mud, clay, etc. considered collectively, as a building material.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English brik, bryke, bricke, from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch bricke (\"cracked or broken brick; tile-stone\"; modern Dutch brik), ultimately related to Proto-West Germanic *brekan (“to break”), whence also Old French briche and French brique (“brick”). Compare also German Low German Brickje (“small board, tray”). Related to break.\nThe social media slang sense derives from memes about building up one's feed “brick by brick”, analogizing bricks with reels that inform the algorithm.\nThe sense of a helpful, reliable person comes from Lycurgus referring to the army as the walls of Sparta, every man a brick.", + "sentence": "This house is made of brick.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brick", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bristle": { + "definition": "To rise or stand erect, like bristles.", + "origin": "From Middle English bristil, bristel, brustel, from Old English bristl, byrst, *brystl, *byrstel, from Proto-West Germanic *burstilu, diminutive of Proto-West Germanic *bursti, from Proto-Germanic *burstiz (compare Dutch borstel, German Borste (“boar's bristle”), Icelandic burst), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥stís (compare Middle Irish brostaid (“to goad, spur”), Latin fastīgium (“top”), Polish barszcz (“hogweed”)).", + "sentence": "His hair began to bristle with anger when the subject was mentioned.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bristle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "brochure": { + "definition": "A booklet of printed informational matter, like a pamphlet, often for promotional purposes.", + "origin": "1748, from French brochure (“stitched work”), from brocher (“to stitch”), from Old French brochier (“to pierce”), from broche (“awl”), from Vulgar Latin brocca, from Latin broccus (“pointy-toothed”). Doublet of broach.", + "sentence": "Have a look in the Acme brochure for a new vacuum cleaner.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brochure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "broil": { + "definition": "To expose to great heat.", + "origin": "From Middle English broylen, brulen (“to broil, cook”), from Anglo-Norman bruiller, broiller (“to broil, roast”), Old French brusler, bruller (“to broil, roast, char”), a blend of two Old French verbs:\n* bruir (“to burn”), from Frankish *brōjan (“to burn, scald”)\n* usler (“to scorch”), from Latin ustulō (“to scorch”)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/broil", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bubbly": { + "definition": "Full of bubbles.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish bubble\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish bubbly\nFrom bubble + -y.", + "sentence": "Whip the egg white into a bubbly froth.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bubbly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "buffet": { + "definition": "Food laid out in this way, to which diners serve themselves.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English buffet (“stool”), from Middle French buffet (“side table”), from Old French buffet, of unknown origin. The modern pronunciation is remodelled after modern French buffet.", + "sentence": "We'll be serving supper buffet style.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buffet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "buffoonery": { + "definition": "The behavior of a buffoon; foolishness, silliness.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish buffoon\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ie\nOld French -eriebor.\nMiddle English -erie\nEnglish -ery\nEnglish buffoonery\nFrom buffoon + -ery.", + "sentence": "Preamble is a hard-boiled steel commuter built for comfort, durability, and buffoonery on pavement and gravel.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buffoonery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025, “Pavement Bikes”, in Surly Bikes, retrieved 21 Feb 2025:" + }, + "bumblebee": { + "definition": "Any of several species of large bee in the genus Bombus.", + "origin": "1520s from bumble + bee, replacing Middle English humbul-be. Merged with Middle English bombeln (“to boom, buzz”), in the late 14th century. The name of the drink is a semantic loan from Ukrainian джміль (džmilʹ).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bumblebee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bungee": { + "definition": "An elastic fabric-bound strap with a hook at each end, used for securing luggage.", + "origin": "Probably from slang, possibly derived from bouncy + spongy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bungee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "burial": { + "definition": "The act of burying; interment; placing remains into the earth.", + "origin": "From Middle English biriel, a backformation from biriels, which was re-interpreted as a plural, itself from from Old English byrġels, from byrġan (“to bury”) + -els. By surface analysis, bury + -al, but originally unrelated to this suffix.", + "sentence": "His whole family was present at his burial.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "buzzworthy": { + "definition": "Worthy of enthusiastic popular attention, or buzz", + "origin": "From buzz + -worthy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buzzworthy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cabbage": { + "definition": "An edible plant (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) having a head of green leaves.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nOld French caboce\nAnglo-Norman cabochebor.\nMiddle English caboche\nEnglish cabbage\nFrom Middle English caboche, cabage (“cabbage”; “a certain fish”), a borrowing from Anglo-Norman caboche (“head”), a northern variant of caboce, of uncertain origin. Some authorities derive it from Latin caput (“head”), others from ca- (said to be an expressive prefix) + boce (“hump; bump”) (whence English boss).", + "sentence": "In aphrodisiac preparation, wild cabbage was frequently an ingredient.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cabbage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 53:" + }, + "cactus": { + "definition": "Any member of the family Cactaceae, a family of flowering New World succulent plants suited to a hot, semi-desert climate.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nPre-Greekder.?\nAncient Greek κάκτος (káktos)bor.\nLatin cactusbor.\nTranslingual Cactusbor.\nEnglish cactus\nFrom taxonomic name Cactus, a name given in 1752 by Linnaeus for a genus of cacti (now superseded by the genus name Mammillaria), from Latin cactus, from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”), possibly of Pre-Greek origin.", + "sentence": "Three years later, the unwatered cactus was still about two feet tall, a dark green color.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cactus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, Leslie Morgan Steiner, The Baby Chase:" + }, + "cadence": { + "definition": "The act or state of declining or sinking.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French cadence, from Old Italian cadenza (“conclusion of a phrase of music”), from Latin *cadentia (literally “a falling”), form of cadēns, the present participle of cadō (“to fall, to cease”). The Latin verb is inherited, via Proto-Italic *kadō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱad-e- (“to fall”, thematic present). Doublet of cadenza and chance.", + "sentence": "Now was the sun in western cadence low.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cadence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:" + }, + "calculator": { + "definition": "A mechanical or electronic device that performs mathematical calculations; (now usually) an electronic one specifically.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nPre-Greekbor.?\nAncient Greek χᾰ́λῐξ (khắlĭx)bor.?\nsubstratebor.?\nLatin calx\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin calculus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin calculō\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nLatin calculātorlbor.\nMiddle English calkelatour\nEnglish calculator\nIn the sense of a person, from Middle English calkelatour (“a mathematician, an astrologer”), borrowed from Latin calculātor, equivalent to calculate + -or. The other meanings arose in Modern English.", + "sentence": "The calculator on a bookkeeper's desk in the 1950s was an adding machine with mechanical guts.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calculator", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "calendar": { + "definition": "A means to determine the date consisting of a document containing dates and other temporal information.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nOld French calendierbor.\nMiddle English kalender\nEnglish calendar\nFrom Middle English kalender, from Old French calendier, from Latin calendarium (“account book”), from kalendae (“the first day of the month”), from kalō (“to announce solemnly, to call out (the sighting of the new moon)”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-. Doublet of calendarium.\nDisplaced native Old English rīmbōc and ġerīmbōc.", + "sentence": "Write his birthday on the calendar hanging on the wall.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calendar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "camcorder": { + "definition": "A camera recorder: a portable electronic device for recording images and audio on to a storage device, hence functioning as a camera and a recorder in a single unit.", + "origin": "Blend of camera + recorder. Appears to be a borrowing from Japanese カムコーダー (kamukōdā), an original registered trademark filed for by Sony in 1981. First use appears c. 1982 in The Economist.", + "sentence": "You know where you never see a camcorder?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/camcorder", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997, George Carlin, Brain Droppings, New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 173:" + }, + "candid": { + "definition": "Impartial and free from prejudice.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kend-der.\nProto-Italic *kandēō\nLatin candeō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin candidusbor.\nEnglish candid\nBorrowed from Latin candidus (“white”).", + "sentence": "He knew not where to look for faithful advice, efficient aid, or candid judgement.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/candid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1828, Washington Irving, A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: G. & C. Carvill, […], →OCLC, book XII, page 269:" + }, + "canoe": { + "definition": "Any of the deflectors positioned around a roulette wheel, shaped like upside-down boats.", + "origin": "Adopted in 16th century from Spanish canoa, from Taíno *kanowa (“dugout canoe”) (compare Lokono kanoa (“canoe”), Wayuu anuwa, anua (“boat, canoe”)), from Proto-Arawak *kanawa.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canoe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "canteen": { + "definition": "A water bottle, flask, or other vessel, typically used by a soldier or camper as a bottle for carrying water or liquor for drink.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French cantine, itself borrowed from Italian cantina. Doublet of cantina.", + "sentence": "Pile on the rails; stir up the campfire bright; no matter if the canteen fails, we'll make a roaring night.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canteen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1862, John Williamson Palmer, Stonewall Jackson's Way" + }, + "cantor": { + "definition": "A singer, especially someone who takes a special role of singing or song leading at a ceremony.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂n-\nProto-Indo-European *kh₂néti\nProto-Italic *kanō\nLatin canō\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nLatin cantorbor.\nEnglish cantor\nBorrowed from Latin cantor, agent noun from canere (“to sing”) + -tor (agent suffix). Doublet of chanter.", + "sentence": "The cantor's place in church is on the right of the choir.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cantor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "chortle": { + "definition": "A joyful, somewhat muffled laugh, rather like a snorting chuckle.", + "origin": "Perhaps a blend of chuckle + snort. Coined by Lewis Carroll in his poem Jabberwocky, completed in 1855 but only introduced to the public in his 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chortle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chowder": { + "definition": "A thick, creamy soup or stew.", + "origin": "Probably borrowed from French chaudière, from Late Latin caldāria (“cooking-pot”), derived from Latin caldus (“hot”). Related to English cauldron.\nPossibly from older English jowter (“fish monger”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chowder", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "churlish": { + "definition": "Rude, surly, ungracious.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *karaz\nProto-Germanic *karilaz\nProto-West Germanic *karil\nOld English ċeorl\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-isk\nOld English -isċ\nOld English ċeorlisċ\nMiddle English cherlisch\nEnglish churlish\nFrom Middle English cherlisch, cherlissh, from late Old English ċeorlisċ, ċierlisċ (“of or pertaining to churls”), equivalent to churl + -ish. Piecewise doublet of ceorlish.", + "sentence": "A Churliſh Envious Curr vvas gotten into a Manger, and there lay Growling and Snarling to keep the Horſes from their Provender.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/churlish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables of Æsop, &c.] Fab[le] LXXVI. A Dog in a Manger.”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 75:" + }, + "chute": { + "definition": "A parachute.", + "origin": "Clipping of parachute.", + "sentence": "At first, Cyclops's chute began to Roman candle , but in another moment, it popped.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chute", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, J. Joseph Higgins, The Splat Conspiracy: America in Peril, page 145:" + }, + "cidery": { + "definition": "Resembling, involving, or being cider.", + "origin": "From cider + -y.", + "sentence": "The more he heard of fumbled passes, cidery kisses and snapped straps, the more he knew better than to risk such humiliation.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cidery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000, Michael Arditti, Easter, page 237:" + }, + "cinematic": { + "definition": "Resembling a professional motion picture.", + "origin": "From cinema + -tic. Compare French cinématique.", + "sentence": "Despite being shot on tiny budget, the student film looked incredibly cinematic.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cinematic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "citation": { + "definition": "Enumeration; mention.", + "origin": "From Middle English citacioun, from Old French citation, from Latin citātiō. By surface analysis, cite + -ation.", + "sentence": "It's a simple citation of facts.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/citation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "clarinet": { + "definition": "A woodwind instrument with a single reed and a cylindrical tube.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian clarinetto, diminutive of clarino (“trumpet”) (as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet), from Latin clarus.\nAlternatively, the word may come from French clarinette, diminutive form of clarine (“bell”), from clarin, from clair (“clear”), from Latin clarus.", + "sentence": "She played a low, mellow note on her clarinet.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clarinet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + }, + "classical": { + "definition": "Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art.", + "origin": "See classic § Etymology for history. By surface analysis, class + -ical or classic + -al or class + -ic + -al", + "sentence": "Greaves, who may be juſtly reckoned a Claſſical Author on this Subject.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/classical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures Explain'd and Exemplify'd in Several Dissertations, page 15:" + }, + "clearance": { + "definition": "The act of clearing or something (such as a space) cleared.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish clear\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin -āns\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin -āntia\nOld French -ancebor.\nMiddle English -aunce\nEnglish -ance\nEnglish clearance\nFrom clear + -ance.", + "sentence": "In conclusion, it must be reiterated that effective snow clearance is largely a matter of forward planning and departmental co-operation.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clearance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1960 January 14, M. Harbottle, “Maintaining Services after Heavy Snowfalls”, in Railway Magazine, page 12:" + }, + "cleave": { + "definition": "Followed by to or unto: to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something.", + "origin": "From Middle English cleven, a conflation of two verbs: Old English clifian (from Proto-West Germanic *klibēn, from Proto-Germanic *klibāną) and Old English clīfan (from Proto-West Germanic *klīban, from Proto-Germanic *klībaną), both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ- (“to stick”). Cognate with Dutch kleven, German kleben (“to stick”).", + "sentence": "\"I only know that I love thee as I never loved before, and that I will cleave to thee to the end.\"", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cleave", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:" + }, + "clover": { + "definition": "A plant of the genus Trifolium with leaves usually divided into three (rarely four) leaflets and with white or red flowers.", + "origin": "From Middle English clovere, claver, from Old English clāfre, earlier clǣfre, from Proto-West Germanic *klaibrā. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Kleeuwer, Low German Klaver, Klever, Dutch klaver, all “clover”. More distantly also related with German Klee.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clover", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "clowder": { + "definition": "A group of cats or other small felines.", + "origin": "A variation, recorded since 1801, of clutter, itself from clot, from Old English clott (“round mass, lump”), from Proto-Germanic *klūtaz (hence cognate with Dutch kloot (“ball, testicle”), Danish klods (“a block, lump”) and German Klotz (“lump, block”)).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clowder", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "capacity": { + "definition": "The maximum amount that can be held.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *kapyéti\nProto-Italic *kapjō\nArchaic Latin kapiō\nLatin capiō\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂ks\nProto-Italic *-āks\nLatin -āx\nLatin capāx\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nProto-Italic *-tāts\nLatin -tās\nLatin capācitāsder.\nOld French capacitebor.\nMiddle English capacite\nEnglish capacity\nFrom Middle English capacite, from Old French capacite, from Latin capācitās (whence -acity), from capāx (“able to hold much”), from capiō (“to hold, to contain, to take, to understand”).", + "sentence": "It was hauling a capacity load.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/capacity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "capitalist": { + "definition": "Of, or pertaining to, capitalism.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *káput\nProto-Italic *kaput\nLatin caput\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin capitālisbor.\nOld French capitalbor.\nMiddle English capital\nEnglish capital\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\n▲\nFrench capitalistecalq.\nEnglish capitalist\nFrom capital + -ist. Calque of French capitaliste.", + "sentence": "This is a capitalist society.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/capitalist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019 August 14, Matthew Desmond, “In order to understand the brutality of American capitalism, you have to start on the plantation”, in New York Times:" + }, + "captivated": { + "definition": "rapt; mesmerized", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/captivated", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "caramel": { + "definition": "A smooth, chewy, sticky confection made by heating sugar and other ingredients until the sugars polymerize and become sticky.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French caramel, from Spanish caramelo, from Portuguese caramelo, dissimilated from Late Latin calamellus, diminutive of calamus (“reed”) (and a doublet of chalumeau and shawm). Alternatively from Medieval Latin cannamellis, which is a compound of canna + mellis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caramel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "carnation": { + "definition": "A rosy pink colour", + "origin": "From Middle French carnation (“flesh color, complexion”), either via Italian carnagione (“flesh color”) or directly from Late Latin carnātiō (“fleshiness”), from Latin carō (“flesh, meat”) + ātiō (“-ation”). As a flower and its color, possibly instead from corruption in French of coronation (“crowning, crowned thing”) under the influence of carnation, from the flower's supposed resemblance to a crown. By surface analysis, Latin carn- + -ate + -ion.", + "sentence": "But roses only bloom in summer; whereas the fine carnation of their cheeks is perennial as sunlight in the seventh heavens.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carnation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 6:" + }, + "carnival": { + "definition": "A traveling amusement park, called a funfair in British English.", + "origin": "From Middle French carnaval, from Italian carnevale, possibly from the Latin phrase carnem levāmen (“meat dismissal”). Other scholars suggest Latin carnuālia (“meat-based country feast”) or carrus nāvālis (“boat wagon; float”) instead. Doublet of carnaval.", + "sentence": "We all got to ride the merry-go-round when they brought their carnival to town.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carnival", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "carriage": { + "definition": "A (mostly four-wheeled) lighter vehicle chiefly designed to transport people, generally drawn by horse power.", + "origin": "From Middle English cariage, from Old Northern French cariage, from carier (“to carry”).", + "sentence": "The carriage ride was very romantic.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carriage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "carrot": { + "definition": "A vegetable with a nutritious, juicy, sweet root that is often orange in colour, Daucus carota, family Apiaceae, especially the subspecies sativus.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek καρώ (karṓ)der.?\nAncient Greek καρωτόν (karōtón)bor.\nLatin carōtabor.\nMiddle French carottebor.\nMiddle English karette\nEnglish carrot\nInherited from Middle English karette and Middle French carotte, both from Latin carōta, from Ancient Greek καρωτόν (karōtón). Doublet of carotte and related to caraway. Displaced native Middle English more, from Old English more, moru (“edible root, parsnip, carrot”), related to German Möhre (“carrot”).\n* Noun sense of \"motivational tool\" refers to carrot and stick.\n* Verb sense in felt manufacture refers to the orange colour of drying furs.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carrot", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cashier": { + "definition": "To discard, put away.", + "origin": "From Dutch casseren, kasseren, from Old French casser (“to break (up)”). During a ceremonial cashiering of a ranking military officer, the breakup was often symbolized dramatically by literally breaking the officer’s sword.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cashier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "casino": { + "definition": "A public building or room for gambling.", + "origin": "From Italian casino, diminutive form of casa (“house”), from Latin casa (“cottage, hut”).", + "sentence": "We valeted our car and entered the casino.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/casino", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "casserole": { + "definition": "A dish of glass or earthenware, with a lid, in which food is baked and sometimes served.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French casserole.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/casserole", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "casualty": { + "definition": "Something that happens by chance, especially an unfortunate event; an accident, a disaster.", + "origin": "From casual, from Middle French casuel, from Medieval Latin casualitas and Late Latin cāsuālis (“happening by chance”), from Latin cāsus (“event”) (English case), from cadere (“to fall”). Originally meaning “a chance event” (compare casual, as in “casual encounter”), it developed a negative meaning as “an unfortunate event”, especially the loss of a person.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/casualty", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "caterpillar": { + "definition": "The larva of a butterfly or moth; leafworm.", + "origin": "From Middle English catirpel, catirpeller, probably from Old Northern French catepeluse (Modern French chatte + pileuse (“hairy cat”)), from Late Latin catta + pilōsa. The sense \"rapacious, extortionate person\" arose by association with obsolete piller (“plunderer”). See Modern Norman cattepeleuse. Displaced native kaleworm, from Middle English cowle worm, cale worme (“caterpillar, corn weevil”), from Old English cawelwyrm, cawelwurm (“caterpillar”).", + "sentence": "The bird just ate that green caterpillar.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caterpillar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "cathedral": { + "definition": "The principal church serving as the office (and some as place of residence) of an archdiocese's/a diocese's archbishop/bishop which is symbolized by an episcopal throne known as the cathedra.", + "origin": "Ellipsis of cathedral church, from Middle English chirche cathederall, cathedrall chirch, calque of Late Latin ecclēsia cathedrālis (“church serving as the bishop's or archbishop's office”), from Latin ecclēsia + cathedrālis. Displaced Old English hēafodċiriċe (literally “main church, head church”).", + "sentence": "The bishop presided over the ceremony from his seat in the cathedral.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cathedral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "catnap": { + "definition": "A brief, light sleep, usually during the daytime.", + "origin": "A historical illustration of countryfolk and townsfolk catnapping with their pets.\nA farrier taking a midday catnap.\nFrom cat + nap. Named in reference to the feline habit of taking multiple, brief, and light naps throughout the day to conserve energy, rather than sleeping for one long, uninterrupted block.", + "sentence": "By 9 A.M., however, all but the most insomniac of the night owls were taking a catnap.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/catnap", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1963 August 19, Charlotte Curtis, “Newport Debut Revelry Carries Over to 2d Day”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:" + }, + "celebratory": { + "definition": "Having the manner of, or forming part of, a celebration.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish celebrate\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -tōriusder.\nMiddle English -orie\nEnglish -ory\nEnglish celebratory\nFrom celebrate + -ory.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/celebratory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "celery": { + "definition": "The stalks of this herb eaten as a vegetable.", + "origin": "From French céleri, from Lombard selleri, a plural of Latin selīnum, from Ancient Greek σέλῑνον (sélīnon). Displaced English march (“celery, smallage”) and smallage (“wild celery”).", + "sentence": "In eighteenth century France celery soup was a means of whetting the amorous appetite.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/celery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 58:" + }, + "celestial": { + "definition": "Of or relating to heaven as the place where deities (or the Christian God), spiritual beings, etc., exist; heavenly.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kéh₂i-lom\nProto-Italic *kailom?\nLatin caelum\nLatin terrestris\nLatin -estris\nLatin caelestis\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nMedieval Latin caelestiālislbor.\nOld French celestialbor.\nMiddle English celestial\nEnglish celestial\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English celestial (“relating to the heavens or sky; (Christianity) relating to heaven, divine, heavenly”), borrowed from Old French celestial (modern French céleste), from Medieval Latin caelestiālis (“celestial”), or directly from its etymon Latin caelestis (“of or in the heavens, heavenly; (figurative) of the gods, divine; etc.”), from caelum (“heaven; sky”) (ultimate etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilom (“whole”)) + -estris (suffix meaning ‘dwelling or located in’ forming adjectives from nouns).\nThe adverb and noun are derived from the adjective.\nAdjective sense 2.2 (“of or relating to China”) and noun sense 3 (“native of China”) refer to Celestial Empire (a calque of Mandarin 天朝 (Tiāncháo, “(literary) the Chinese Empire, China”), from 天 (tiān, “heaven; sky”) + 朝 (cháo, “dynasty; emperor’s reign; imperial court; etc.”)), a dated name for China when it was subject to imperial rule.", + "sentence": "There is in her a celestial beauty,—which means celestial order, pliancy to wisdom; but there is also a darkness, a ferocity, fatality, which are infernal.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/celestial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “The Sphinx”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book I (Proem), page 7:" + }, + "cello": { + "definition": "A large unfretted stringed instrument of the violin family with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) C-G-D-A and an endpin to support its weight, usually played with a bow.", + "origin": "Clipping of violoncello, the original name, from Italian violoncello (“little violone”), from violone (“an early form of the double bass”) + -cello (“-elle”, forming diminutives), violone (“big viola”) itself being derived from viola + -one (“-oon”, forming augmentatives).", + "sentence": "I started out on the cello.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cello", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006 Nov. 22, Rob Paravonian, \"Pachabel Rant\", 00:00:33" + }, + "cement": { + "definition": "A powdered substance produced by firing (calcining) calcium carbonate (limestone) and clay that develops strong cohesive properties when mixed with water. The main ingredient of concrete.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *kh₂éydeti\nProto-Italic *kaidō\nLatin caedō\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom\nProto-Italic *-mentom\nLatin -mentum\nLatin caementum\nOld French cimentbor.\nMiddle English syment\nEnglish cement\nFrom Middle English syment, cyment, from Old French ciment, from Latin caementum (“quarry stone; stone chips for making mortar”), from caedō (“to cut, hew”). Doublet of cementum.", + "sentence": "In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cement", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:" + }, + "census": { + "definition": "An official count or enumeration of members of a population (not necessarily human), usually residents or citizens in a particular region, often done at regular intervals.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin cēnsus, from cēnseō. See censor.", + "sentence": "As you know, the Imperium has never been able to take a census of the Fremen.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/census", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1984, 43:03 from the start, in Dune (Science Fiction), spoken by Reverend Mother Ramallo, →OCLC:" + }, + "centipede": { + "definition": "Any arthropod of class Chilopoda, which have a segmented body with one pair of legs per segment and from about 20 to 300 legs in total.", + "origin": "From French centipède, from Latin centipeda, centipēs, from centi- (“hundred”) + pēs (“foot”); equivalent to centi- + -pede.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/centipede", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "charioteer": { + "definition": "A person who drives a chariot.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English charioter, from Old French charioteur (“charioteer”) and charretier (“coachman”). By surface analysis, chariot + -eer.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/charioteer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "charitable": { + "definition": "Kind, generous.", + "origin": "From Old French charitable.", + "sentence": "Yet it is also a place of great kindness, with a strong culture of charitable giving.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/charitable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017 April 6, Samira Shackle, “On the frontline with Karachi’s ambulance drivers”, in the Guardian:" + }, + "chastise": { + "definition": "To punish, especially by corporal punishment.", + "origin": "From Middle English chastisen, from Old French chastier, from Latin castīgō. See also the doublets chasten and castigate and cf. also chaste.", + "sentence": "An army was sent to chastise an unoffending people; to subdue an imaginary insurrection.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chastise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1885 May 2, John Thomas Caine, edited by John Irvine, “Mormon” Protest Against Injustice: An Appeal for Constitutional and Religious Liberty, published 1885, page 12:" + }, + "coach": { + "definition": "A wheeled vehicle, generally pulled by a horse.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *pékʷeti\nProto-Italic *kʷekʷō\nLatin *quoquō\nLatin coquō\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Italic *-os\nArchaic Latin -os\nLatin -us\nLate Latin coquusbor.\nProto-West Germanic *kok\nOld High German choch\nMiddle High German koch\nGerman Kochbor.\nHungarian Koch\nHungarian Kocs\nHungarian kocsibor.\nGerman Kutschebor.\nMiddle French cochebor.\nEnglish coach\nBorrowed from Middle French coche, from German Kutsche, from Hungarian kocsi. According to historians, the coach was named after the small Hungarian town of Kocs, which made a livelihood from cart building and transport between Vienna and Budapest.\nThe meaning “instructor/trainer” is from Oxford University slang (c. 1830) for a “tutor” who “carries” one through an exam; the athletic sense is from 1861.", + "sentence": "I have a coach waiting.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coach", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1989 February 12, Jennifer Justice, “A Night At The Opera”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 30, page 9:" + }, + "conundrum": { + "definition": "A difficult question or riddle, especially one using a play on words in the answer.", + "origin": "A word of unknown origin with several variants, gaining popularity for its burlesque imitation of scholastic Latin, as hocus-pocus or panjandrum. If there is more to its origin than a nonce coinage, Anatoly Liberman suggests the best theory is that connecting it with the Conimbricenses, 16th c. scholastic commentaries on Aristotle by the Jesuits of Coimbra which indulge heavily in arguments relying on multiple significations of words.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conundrum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "convention": { + "definition": "A meeting or gathering.", + "origin": "Recorded since about 1440, borrowed from Middle French convention, from Latin conventiō (“meeting, assembling; agreement, convention”), from conveniō (“come, gather or meet together, assemble”), from con- (“with, together”) + veniō (“come”). Equivalent to convene + -tion.", + "sentence": "The convention was held in Geneva.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/convention", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "convocation": { + "definition": "An assembly of the clergy, by their representatives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs.", + "origin": "From Middle English convocacioun, from Old French convocation, from Latin convocatio, convocationem.", + "sentence": "Convocation will sit in York too, so the northern church can have its say in how we worship God.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/convocation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020, Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, Fourth Estate, page 409:" + }, + "convoy": { + "definition": "One or more merchant ships sailing in company to the same general destination under the protection of naval vessels.", + "origin": "From Middle English, from Old French convoier, another form of conveier, from Vulgar Latin *convio (compare Medieval Latin convio (“to accompany on the way”)), from Latin con- (“together”) + via (“way”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/convoy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cooperate": { + "definition": "To work or act together, especially for a common purpose or benefit.", + "origin": "Originated 1595–1605 from Late Latin cooperātus, perfect passive participle of cooperor (“to work with”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more. Equivalent to co- + operate. Displaced native Old English efnwyrċan.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cooperate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "copperhead": { + "definition": "A venomous pit viper of species Agkistrodon contortrix, found in parts of North America.", + "origin": "From copper + head.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/copperhead", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "corkscrew": { + "definition": "An implement for opening bottles that are sealed by a cork. Sometimes specifically such an implement that includes a screw-shaped part, or worm.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kert-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kort-ek-sder.\nLatin cortexder.?\n▲\nLatin cortexder.\nMozarabic *kórčo, *kórčeder.?\nSpanish corchobor.\nMiddle Dutch curcder.\nMiddle English cork\nEnglish cork\nProto-Indo-European *(s)krebʰ-der.?\nLatin scrōfa\nOld French escrouebor.\n▲\nOld French escruveinflu.\nMiddle English scrue\nEnglish screw\nEnglish corkscrew\nFrom cork + screw.", + "sentence": "I opened the wine with a corkscrew.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corkscrew", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "cornily": { + "definition": "In a corny manner.", + "origin": "From corny + -ly. Piecewise doublet of grainily.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cornily", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cranium": { + "definition": "That part of the skull consisting of the bones enclosing the brain, but not including the bones of the face or jaw.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin crānium (“skull”), from Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “skull”). By surface analysis, crani- + -um.", + "sentence": "The Skull is divided into two parts, the Cranium and the Face.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cranium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1858, Henry Gray, “The Skull”, in Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical, page 19:" + }, + "criminal": { + "definition": "Against the law; forbidden by law.", + "origin": "From Middle English cryminal, borrowed from Anglo-Norman criminal, from Late Latin criminalis, from Latin crimen (“crime”).", + "sentence": "Foppish and fantastic ornaments are only indications of vice, not criminal in themselves.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/criminal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1711 March 29 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “SUNDAY, March 19, 1710–1711”, in The Spectator, number 16; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:" + }, + "criteria": { + "definition": "A single criterion.", + "origin": "The plural form of criterion, formed according to the Ancient Greek -ον (-on) → -α (-a) pluralisation pattern.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/criteria", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "crocodile": { + "definition": "Any of the predatory amphibious reptiles of the family Crocodylidae; (loosely) a crocodilian, any species of the order Crocodilia, which also includes the alligators, caimans and gavials.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English cocodrill, cokadrill, cokedril, from Old French cocodril (modern French crocodile), from Medieval Latin cocodrillus, from Latin crocodilus, from Ancient Greek κροκόδειλος (krokódeilos). The word was later refashioned after the Latin and Greek forms. Doublet of krokodil.", + "sentence": "The Roman poet Horace states that the excrement of the crocodile has aphrodisiac virtues.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crocodile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 71:" + }, + "crumpet": { + "definition": "A type of savoury cake, typically flat and round, made from batter and yeast, containing many small holes and served toasted, usually with butter.", + "origin": "First appears c. the 17th century, either from crompid cake (“wafer, literally, curled-up cake”), from crompid, form of crumpen (“to curl up”); cognate to crumpled. An alternate etymology is from Celtic; compare Breton krampouezh (“crepe, pancake”) and Welsh crempog (“pancake”).\nThe sense of a “desirable woman” is attested since 1936, possibly as Cockney rhyming slang for strumpet; alternatively, compare tart (“a loose woman, a prostitute”) (itself possibly Cockney rhyming slang for heart or sweetheart). Note that muffin has a similar sense, and that, in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Muffins and crumpets was a familiar street-cry in the UK.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crumpet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "crux": { + "definition": "The basic, central, or essential point or feature.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin crux (“cross, wooden frame for execution”), possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”). Doublet of cross and crouch (“cross”).", + "sentence": "The crux of her argument was that the roadways needed repair before anything else could be accomplished.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crux", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "coalition": { + "definition": "A temporary group or union of organizations, usually formed for a particular advantage.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nLatin alēscō\nLatin coalēscō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin coalitiōder.\nMiddle French coalitionbor.\nEnglish coalition\nBorrowed from Middle French coalition, from Medieval Latin coalitiō, coalitiōnem, from Latin coalitus. Compare coalescence.", + "sentence": "The Liberal Democrats and Conservative parties formed a coalition government in 2010.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coalition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "collie": { + "definition": "Any of various breeds of dog originating in Scotland and England as sheepdogs", + "origin": "Perhaps originally from coal, with reference to its colour; compare colly and collier. More at Wikipedia at collie § Name.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/collie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "collision": { + "definition": "An instance of colliding.", + "origin": "From Middle French collision, from Latin collīsiō (“clash, concussion, collision”) (whence -ion (noun suffix denoting action, result, process, state, condition)), from collīsus (“clashed together, conflicted, contended”), past participle of collīdō (“to clash, strike, dash, beat, or press together”) (whence collide), from con- (“together”) + laedō (“to strike, collide, hurt”) (whence col- (assimilated form of com-)).", + "sentence": "He has retired due to the collision.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/collision", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "combustible": { + "definition": "Capable of burning.", + "origin": "From Middle French combustible [from combust (past participle of comburir) + -ible] and Latin combustibilis.\nBy surface analysis, combust + -ible.", + "sentence": "Dumping fertilizer on top of whatever mysterious goop was in the storage tank created a combustible mix which caught fire.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/combustible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "comedienne": { + "definition": "A female comedian.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French comédienne, equivalent to comedy + -ienne. Compare doyenne.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comedienne", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "commandeer": { + "definition": "To seize for military use.", + "origin": "First attested in the late 19th century. From Dutch commanderen (“to command”), partially through its descendant, Afrikaans kommandeer (“to command”). Ultimately from French commander, from Old French comander, from Latin commendare. Doublet of command.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/commandeer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "comparison": { + "definition": "An evaluation of the similarities and differences of one or more things relative to some other or each other.", + "origin": "From Middle English comparisoun, from Old French comparison, from Latin comparātiō, from comparātus, perfect passive participle of comparō.", + "sentence": "He made a careful comparison of the available products before buying anything.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comparison", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "compass": { + "definition": "The range of notes of a musical instrument or voice.", + "origin": "From Middle English compas (“a circle, circuit, limit, form, a mathematical instrument”), from Old French compas, from Medieval Latin compassus (“a circle, a circuit”), from Latin com- (“together”) + passus (“a pace, step, later a pass, way, route”); see pass, pace.", + "sentence": "You would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my compass.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/compass", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:" + }, + "compelling": { + "definition": "very interesting; able to capture and hold one's attention", + "origin": "By surface analysis, compel + -ing.", + "sentence": "The novel was so compelling that I couldn't put it down.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/compelling", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "complementary": { + "definition": "Acting as a complement; making up a whole with something else.", + "origin": "From complement + -ary. Piecewise doublet of complimentary.", + "sentence": "I'll provide you with some complementary notes to help you study.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/complementary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "comportment": { + "definition": "The manner in which one behaves or conducts oneself.", + "origin": "From Late Middle French comportement. By surface analysis, comport + -ment.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comportment", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "composite": { + "definition": "A segment, subset.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French composite, from Latin compositus, past participle of compōnō (“put together”). Doublet of compost, compote, and kompot.", + "sentence": "Insurance as an industry is a major composite of the financial sector of any economy all over the world, Nigeria inclusive.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/composite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, J. M. Odachi, S. E. Okon, “Organisational Culture and Perception of Service Quality among Employees in the Insurance Industry in Nigeria”, in UNILAG Journal of Humanities, volume 7, number 2, page 160:" + }, + "conch": { + "definition": "A marine gastropod of the family Strombidae which lives in its own spiral shell.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nPre-Greekbor.?\nAncient Greek κόγχη (kónkhē)bor.\nLatin conchabor.\nEnglish conch\nBorrowed from Latin concha, borrowed from Ancient Greek κόγχη (kónkhē, “a mussel or cockle; a shell-like cavity”). Doublet of concha.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conch", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "concrete": { + "definition": "Real, actual, tangible.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin concrētus, past participle of concrescō (to curdle) from con- (with, together) + crescō (to grow, rise).", + "sentence": "Fuzzy videotapes and distorted sound recordings are not concrete evidence that Bigfoot exists.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concrete", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "condemn": { + "definition": "To strongly criticise or denounce; to excoriate.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *deh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *deh₂p-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dh₂pnóm\nProto-Italic *dapnom\nLatin damnum\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin damnō\nLatin condemnō\nProto-Italic *-āzi\n▲\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nLatin condemnārebor.\nOld French condamnerbor.\nMiddle English condempnen\nEnglish condemn\nFrom Middle English condempnen, from Old French condamner, from Latin condemnāre (“to sentence, condemn, blame”), from com- + damnāre (“to harm, condemn, damn”), from damnum (“damage, injury, loss”). Displaced native Middle English fordemen (from Old English fordeman (“condemn, sentence, doom”) > Modern English fordeem.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/condemn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "condensation": { + "definition": "The accumulation of water due to contact between the air's water vapour and a cold surface such as a glass, window, wall, etc.", + "origin": "From condense + -ation, borrowed from Latin condēnsātiō, condēnsātiōnem.", + "sentence": "Condensation is a challenge that has to be carefully planned for in home-building, to avoid problems such as mould and structural damage.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/condensation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "conference": { + "definition": "The act of consulting together formally; serious conversation or discussion; interchange of views.", + "origin": "From Middle French conférence, from Medieval Latin cōnferentia, from Latin cōnferēns, omitting several steps, from con- + ferō.\nCompare parallel Russian собра́ние (sobránije), Russian сбо́рище (sbórišče), akin to с- (s-), со- (so-) + брать (bratʹ), ultimately from the same Indo-European prefix and root. Also compare congress, convention.", + "sentence": "Nor with such free and friendly conference / As he hath used of old.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conference", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:" + }, + "consideration": { + "definition": "The thought process of considering, of taking multiple or specified factors into account (with of being the main corresponding adposition).", + "origin": "From Middle English consideracioun, from Old French consideracion, from Latin cōnsīderātiō. By surface analysis, consider + -ation.", + "sentence": "After much consideration, I have decided to stay.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consideration", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "contraction": { + "definition": "An act of incurring debt; also (generally), an act of acquiring something (generally negative).", + "origin": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nFrom Late Middle English contraccioun, contraxion (“spasm, contraction; constriction, shrinking; act of pressing together”), from Old French contraction (modern French contraction), from Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”), from contrahō (“to draw things together, assemble, collect, gather; to enter into a contract”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Contrahō is derived from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of objects) + trahō (“to drag, pull”) (probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)). By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results).", + "sentence": "Our contraction of debt in this quarter has reduced our ability to attract investors.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contraction", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "contradictory": { + "definition": "That contradicts something, such as an argument.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Late Latin contradictorius, from Latin contradico. Equivalent to contradict + -ory.", + "sentence": "This wide variety of genuinely contradictory holy sutras generated a serious problem in later Chinese and Japanese Buddhism.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contradictory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, Robert Zeuschner, “Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism”, in Asian Thought: Traditions of India, China, Japan & Tibet, volume I, Echo Point Books & Media, LLC, published 2017, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 225:" + }, + "contrite": { + "definition": "Sincerely penitent or feeling regret or sorrow, especially for one’s own actions.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *terh₁-\nLatin terō\nLatin conterō\nLatin contrītusder.\nOld French contritbor.\nMiddle English contrit\nEnglish contrite\nFrom Middle English contrit, from Old French contrit, from Latin contrītus (literally “ground to pieces”), perfect passive participle of conterō (“grind, bruise”), from con- + terō (“rub, wear away”).", + "sentence": "He greeted Milo jovially each time they met and, in an excess of contrite generosity, impulsively recommended Major Major for promotion.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contrite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1955, Joseph Heller, Catch-22, chapter 13, page 133:" + }, + "curator": { + "definition": "A person who manages, administers or organizes a collection, either independently or employed by a museum, library, archive or zoo.", + "origin": "From Latin cūrātor (“one who has care of a thing, a manager, guardian, trustee”), from cūrāre (“to take care of”), from cūra (“care, heed, attention, anxiety, grief”).", + "sentence": "Renowned curator Jacques Saunière staggered through the vaulted archway of the museum's Grand Gallery.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/curator", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code, Doubleday, →ISBN, page 3:" + }, + "curfew": { + "definition": "Any regulation requiring people to be off the streets and in their homes by a certain time.", + "origin": "From Middle English curfu, from Old French cuevre-fu (French couvre-feu), from the imperative of covrir (“to cover”) + fu (“fire”). Compare kerchief.", + "sentence": "The city has been reported calm after a curfew was imposed.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/curfew", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "curio": { + "definition": "A strange and interesting object; something that evokes curiosity.", + "origin": "Clipping of curiosity, 1851. Compare cabinet of curiosities and French objet de curiosité.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/curio", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cushion": { + "definition": "a sufficient quantity of an intangible object (like points or minutes) to allow for some of those points, for example, to be lost without hurting one's chances for successfully completing an objective.", + "origin": "From Middle English quysshyn, from later Old French coissin (modern coussin), from Vulgar Latin *coxīnus (“seat pad”), derived from Latin coxa (“hip, thigh”) (with the suffix possibly after Latin pulvīnus (“pillow”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *koḱs- (“joint, limb”).", + "sentence": "But Fulham soon had the cushion of a third goal after more outstanding build-up play.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cushion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011 November 3, Arindam Rej, “Fulham 4-1 Wisla Krakow”, in BBC Sport:" + }, + "cyclone": { + "definition": "Any weather phenomenon consisting of a system of winds rotating around a centre of low atmospheric pressure; a low pressure system.", + "origin": "Coined by English scientist and merchant captain Henry Piddington, probably in the 1840s, and based on some term in Ancient Greek. Sources disagree on the date and on which Ancient Greek term, though it had to be something derived from either κύκλος (kúklos, “circle, wheel”) or κυκλόω (kuklóō, “go around in a circle, form a circle, encircle”), for example the present active participle κυκλῶν (kuklôn). See cycle and wheel.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cyclone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "daft": { + "definition": "Foolish, silly, stupid.", + "origin": "From Middle English dafte, defte (“gentle; having good manners; humble, modest; awkward; dull; boorish”), from Old English dæfte (“accommodating; gentle, meek, mild”), from Proto-West Germanic *daftī (“fitting, suitable”). Related to Old English dafnian, dafenian (“to be fitting, appropriate, or becoming”), Russian до́брый (dóbryj, “good”). Doublet of deft.\nCompare silly which originally meant “blessed; good, innocent; pitiful; weak”, but now means “laughable or amusing through foolishness or a foolish appearance; mentally simple, foolish”.\nUnrelated to, though perhaps influenced by, daff (“fool (n.); to be foolish (v.)”) (past form daffed).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/daft", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "daisy": { + "definition": "A wild flowering plant of species Bellis perennis of the family Asteraceae, with a yellow head and white petals", + "origin": "From Middle English dayesye, from Old English dæġes ēage (“daisy”, literally “day's eye”) due to the flowers closing their blossoms during night. The rhyming slang comes from daisy roots for boots.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/daisy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dawdle": { + "definition": "To spend time idly and unfruitfully; to waste time.", + "origin": "The verb is possibly:\n* a variant of daddle (“(Britain, dialectal) to walk or work slowly, dawdle, saunter, trifle”) or doddle (“(Britain, dialectal) to walk feebly or slowly, dawdle, idle, saunter, stroll”), possibly influenced by daw (“(Britain, dialectal) lazy, good-for-nothing person, sluggard”); or\n* borrowed from Middle Low German dȫdelen (“to dawdle”), related to Saterland Frisian döädelje (“to dawdle”); compare also German daddeln (“to play”), German verdaddeln (“to waste (time), neglect, ruin”). All of these words are assumed to be of imitative origin.\nThe noun is derived from the verb.", + "sentence": "You all know when you learn with a will, and when you dawdle.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dawdle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1866, John Ruskin, “Crystal Virtues”, in The Ethics of the Dust: Ten Lectures to Little Housewives on the Elements of Crystallisation, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, page 90:" + }, + "debris": { + "definition": "Rubble, wreckage, scattered remains of something destroyed.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French débris, itself from dé- (“de-”) + bris (“broken, crumbled”), or from Middle French debriser (“to break apart”), from Old French debrisier, itself from de- + brisier (“to break apart, shatter, bust”), from Frankish *bristijan, *bristan, *brestan (“to break violently, shatter, bust”), from Proto-Germanic *brestaną (“to break, burst”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrest- (“to separate, burst”). Cognate with Old High German bristan (“to break asunder, burst”), Old English berstan (“to break, shatter, burst”), German bersten (“to burst”). More at burst.", + "sentence": "His neighbors were still ripping out debris.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/debris", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012 December 21, David M. Halbfinger, Charles V. Bagli, Sarah Maslin Nir, “On Ravaged Coastline, It’s Rebuild Deliberately vs. Rebuild Now”, in The New York Times:" + }, + "debunk": { + "definition": "To discredit, or expose to ridicule the falsehood or the exaggerated claims of something; to refute.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin dē-der.\nEnglish de-\nEnglish bunkumclip.\nEnglish bunk\nEnglish debunk\nFrom de- (“away”) + bunk (“nonsense”) (from bunkum, from Buncombe County) 1923.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/debunk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "decor": { + "definition": "The style of decoration of a room or building.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deḱ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dḱeh₁yéti\nProto-Italic *dekējeti\nProto-Italic *dekēt\nLatin decet\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *-ōs\nProto-Italic *-ōs\nLatin -or\nLatin decorlbor.\nFrench décorbor.\nEnglish decor\nBorrowed from French décor.", + "sentence": "Her living room had a lush Persian-style decor.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "definitely": { + "definition": "Without question and beyond doubt.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish definite\nProto-Indo-European *leyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *līkąder.\nProto-Germanic *-līkaz\nProto-Germanic *-ê\nProto-Germanic *-līkê\nProto-West Germanic *-līkē\nOld English -līċe\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish definitely\nFrom definite + -ly.", + "sentence": "Joe definitely doesn't know how to drive a tractor.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/definitely", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "delta": { + "definition": "To calculate the differences between the characters in an enciphered text and the characters a fixed number of positions previous.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), borrowed from a Phoenician word for \"door\", ultimately from Proto-Semitic *dalt-. Doublet of dalet.\n* (river): from the triangular shape of the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ\n* (USSF): from the delta wing, symbol of the USSF, a triangular wing, shaped like the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ", + "sentence": "Turing's discovery that delta-ing would reveal information otherwise hidden was essential to the developments that followed.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/delta", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, B. J. Copeland, “Tunny and Colossus: Breaking the Lorenz Schlüsselzusatz traffic”, in Karl de Leeuw, Jan Bergstra, editors, The History of Information Security: A Comprehensive Handbook, Amsterdam: Elsevier, →ISBN, page 458:" + }, + "derby": { + "definition": "A bowler hat.", + "origin": "From Epsom Derby horse race, named after Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby. Ultimately from Derby.", + "sentence": "That was successful, for he struck her nose with the brim of his derby and she opened her eyes.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/derby", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1906, O. Henry, The Green Door:" + }, + "designer": { + "definition": "A person who designs something, or who designs things as a profession.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin dē-\nProto-Indo-European *sek-?\nProto-Indo-European *-nóm\nProto-Italic *segnom\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nProto-Italic *segnāō\nLatin signō\nLatin designōder.\nOld French designerder.\nMiddle English designen\nEnglish design\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish designer\nFrom design + -er.", + "sentence": "Scherer’s interior designer, Ashley Astleford, wasn’t surprised by his request.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/designer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 January 25, Suzanne Gannon, “For the High-End Bathroom, Something Unexpected”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 26 Nov 2022:" + }, + "dialect": { + "definition": "A lect (often a regional or minority language) as part of a group or family of languages, especially if they are viewed as a single language, or if contrasted with a standardized idiom that is considered the 'true' form of the language (for example, Bavarian as contrasted with Standard German).", + "origin": "From Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectos, dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos, “conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to participate in a dialogue”), from διά (diá, “inter, through”) + λέγω (légō, “to speak”); by surface analysis, dia- + -lect.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialect", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dicey": { + "definition": "Of uncertain, risky outcome.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nOld French de\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Italic *-os\nLatin -os\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁its\nProto-Italic *-its\nLatin -es\nOld French -s\nOld French desbor.\nMiddle English dys\nEnglish dice\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish dicey\nFrom dice + -y.", + "sentence": "This was a dicey stratagem because all too often the support Britain rendered played into Zanu-PF's anti-colonial constructions.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dicey", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009 June 17, Blessing-Miles Tendi, “Tsvangirai's dicey strategy”, in The Guardian:" + }, + "dictum": { + "definition": "An authoritative statement; a dogmatic saying; a maxim, an apothegm.", + "origin": "From Latin dictum (“proverb, maxim”), from dictus (“having been said”), perfect passive participle of dico (“to say”). Compare Spanish dicho (“saying”). Doublet of dict.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dictum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "difficult": { + "definition": "Hard, not easy, requiring much effort.", + "origin": "From Middle English difficult (ca. 1400), a back-formation from difficulte (whence modern difficulty), from Old French difficulté, from Latin difficultas, from difficul, older form of difficilis (“hard to do, difficult”), from dis- + facilis (“easy”); see difficile. Replaced native Middle English earveþ (“difficult, hard”), from Old English earfoþe (“difficult, laborious, full of hardship”), cognate to German Arbeit (“work”).\nThe verb is from the adjective, partly after Middle French difficulter and its etymon Latin difficultō. Compare difficilitate, difficultate, and Italian difficoltare.", + "sentence": "However, the difficult weather conditions will ensure Yunnan has plenty of freshwater.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/difficult", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "digression": { + "definition": "An aside, an act of straying from the main subject in speech or writing.", + "origin": "From Old French digressiun or disgressiun, from Latin dīgressiōnem, from dīgressus + -iō (suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs), the past passive participle of dīgredior (“to step away, to digress”), from dis- + gradior (“to step, walk, go”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/digression", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "disaster": { + "definition": "An unexpected natural or man-made catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent change to the natural environment.", + "origin": "From Middle French desastre, from Italian disastro, from dis- + astro (“star”), from Latin astrum (“star”), from Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron, “star”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.", + "sentence": "Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disaster", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28:" + }, + "disposition": { + "definition": "The arrangement or placement of certain things.", + "origin": "From Middle English disposicioun, from Middle French disposition, from Latin dispositiōnem, accusative singular of dispositiō, from dispōnō. By surface analysis, dispose + -ition. Doublet of dispositio.", + "sentence": "The scouts reported on the disposition of the enemy troops.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disposition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "disrepair": { + "definition": "The state of being in poor condition, in need of repair.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin dis-\nOld French des-bor.\nLatin dis-bor.\nMiddle English dis-\nEnglish dis-\nEnglish repair\nEnglish disrepair\nFrom dis- + repair.", + "sentence": "The sewing machine is in disrepair.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disrepair", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "distinctive": { + "definition": "Characteristic, typical.", + "origin": "From Latin distinctus, perfect passive participle of distinguere (to push apart, to divide; see distinct) + -ive (forming adjectives signifying relation or tendency to). Cognate with French distinctif and Medieval Latin distinctivus.", + "sentence": "Wordsworth's distinctive work was a war with pomp and pretence, and a display of the majesty of simple feelings and humble hearts.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/distinctive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1856, John Ruskin, Modern Painters […], volume III, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, part IV (Of Many Things), page 293:" + }, + "diva": { + "definition": "One who amazes or stuns, especially in a confident and feminine manner; (by extension) a term of endearment.", + "origin": "From Italian diva (“diva, goddess”), from Latin dīva (“goddess”), female of dīvus (“divine, divine one; notably a deified mortal”), from Old Latin deivā, from Proto-Italic *deiwā (“goddess”), feminine of *deiwos (“god”), from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god”).", + "sentence": "Who is this DIVA 💜?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diva", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "diverge": { + "definition": "To become different; to run apart; to separate; to tend into different directions.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin dīvergō (“bend away from, go in a different direction”), from Latin dī- + vergō (“bend”).", + "sentence": "Both stories start out the same way, but they diverge halfway through.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diverge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "diversion": { + "definition": "A hobby; an activity that distracts the mind.", + "origin": "From Middle English diversion, dyversioun, from Medieval Latin diversiō, from Latin divertō (“to divert”); see divert.", + "sentence": "And such as affect not some such thing, must find diversion and recreation of their thoughts in the contention either of play, or business.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diversion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1640, Thomas Hobbes, The Elements of Law:" + }, + "diversity": { + "definition": "The quality of being diverse or different; a difference or unlikeness.", + "origin": "From Middle English diversite, from Old French diversité, from Latin dīversitās, equivalent to diverse + -ity. Displaced native Old English mislīcnes.", + "sentence": "In much she reminded me constantly of my own lost child; in other ways she attracted me by her diversity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diversity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1923, Ernest Bramah [pseudonym; Ernest Brammah Smith], “(please specify the page)”, in The Eyes of Max Carrados, London: Grant Richards, →OCLC:" + }, + "divine": { + "definition": "To guess or discover (something) through intuition or insight.", + "origin": "Replaced Middle English devine, devin from Middle French deviner, from Latin dīvīnō.", + "sentence": "If in the loneliness of his studio he wrestled desperately with the Angel of the Lord he never allowed a soul to divine his anguish.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/divine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 43”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:" + }, + "divvy": { + "definition": "A dividend; a share or portion.", + "origin": "Clipping of dividend + -y.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/divvy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "docket": { + "definition": "A short entry of the proceedings of a court; the register containing them; the office containing the register.", + "origin": "Uncertain; perhaps a diminutive of dock.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/docket", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "documentary": { + "definition": "Presented objectively without the insertion of fictional matter.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *deḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *doḱ-éye-ti\nProto-Italic *dokejō\nProto-Italic *dokeō\nAncient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō)sl.\nLatin doceō\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom\nProto-Italic *-mentom\nLatin -mentum\nLatin documentumbor.\nFrench document\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusder.\nFrench -aire\nFrench documentairebor.\nEnglish documentary\nFrom French adjective and (hence) noun documentaire, from document, from Latin documentum. Equivalent to document + -ary.", + "sentence": "Just as there is a tradition of history painting, so there is one of history photographs — which of course are not documentary.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/documentary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1982 February 6, Martin Krieger, “Stark/Erotic”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 28, page 10:" + }, + "domino": { + "definition": "A tile divided into two squares, each having 0 to 6 (or sometimes more) dots or pips (as in dice), used in the game of dominoes.", + "origin": "1801, borrowed from French domino (1771), originally the term for a hooded garment, itself from Medieval Latin domino, oblique case of dominus (“lord, master”); compare Medieval Latin dominicale (“a kind of veil”). By surface analysis, di- + -omino.", + "sentence": "If a domino had four squares on its surface, it would be a tetromino.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/domino", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011 October 15, Maki Kaji, The Big Book of Visual Sudoku, Workman Publishing Company, page 118:" + }, + "donatee": { + "definition": "Someone who has received a donation or someone who needs a donation.", + "origin": "From donate + -ee.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/donatee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "downcast": { + "definition": "Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged.", + "origin": "The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.", + "sentence": "His fine and lovely eyes were now lighted up with indignation, now subdued to downcast sorrow and quenched in infinite wretchedness.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/downcast", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter VII, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 155:" + }, + "dragoon": { + "definition": "To subject (a Huguenot) to the dragonnades (“a policy instituted by Louis XIV of France in 1681 to intimidate Protestant Huguenots to convert to Roman Catholicism by billeting dragoons (noun sense 1.2) in their homes to abuse them and destroy or steal their possessions”).", + "origin": "The noun is borrowed from French dragon (“dragon (mythological creature); type of cavalry soldier, dragoon”) (originally referring to a soldier armed with the firearm of the same name (noun sense 1.1)), ultimately from Latin dracō (“dragon; kind of serpent or snake”), from Ancient Greek δρᾰ́κων (drắkōn, “dragon; serpent”), possibly from δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “to see, see clearly (in the sense of something staring)”), from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”)). Doublet of Draco, Dracon, dracone, and dragon.\nThe verb is either derived:\n* from the noun; or\n* from French dragonner (“to force (someone) into doing something, coerce; to torment (oneself)”), from dragon (noun) (see above) + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dragoon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dramatization": { + "definition": "A version that has been dramatized.", + "origin": "From dramatize + -ation.", + "sentence": "This is a dramatization of life 1000 years ago.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dramatization", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "dreadlocks": { + "definition": "A hairstyle worn by Rastafarians and others in which the hair is left to grow long, and twisted into matted strings.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Jamaican Creole dreadlocks, from dread (“of or relating to a dread”, adjective) (from dread (“(usually black) male member of the Rastafarian movement who wears his hair in dreadlocks”, noun), from English dread (“reverential or respectful fear; awe”), referring to the awe inspired by God) + English locks (plural of lock (“length or tuft of hair”)). The English word is analyzable as dread (“Rastafarian”, attributive) + locks.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dreadlocks", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "drivel": { + "definition": "Nonsense; senseless talk.", + "origin": "From Middle English dravel, dribil, a deverbal from drevelen, drivelen (Etymology 2).", + "sentence": "“You pay too much attention to such insipid drivel in even mentioning it.”", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/drivel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1879, Henry James, chapter XVII, in Confidence, London: Chatto & Windus:" + }, + "Dudley": { + "definition": "A male given name transferred from the surname, of 19th century and later usage.", + "origin": "From Old English, literally \"wood or clearing of Dudda (a personal name of unknown meaning)\".", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dudley", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dumbwaiter": { + "definition": "A small elevator used to move food etc. from one floor of a building to another.", + "origin": "From dumb (“unable to speak”) + waiter, originally separate words and describing the portable table's inability to relate gossip after the meal. By the use of the term to describe small service elevators in American homes in the 1840s, it simply meant dumb as “mechanical”, “unable to speak at all”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dumbwaiter", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "duress": { + "definition": "Constraint by threat.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English duresse, from Old French duresse, from Latin dūritia (“hardness”), from dūrus (“hard”).", + "sentence": "It is unclear when it was filmed and if she was under duress during filming.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/duress", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 October 17, Kim Willsher, “Mother of French-Israeli hostage begs for her return as Hamas releases video”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:" + }, + "dynamite": { + "definition": "A class of explosives made from nitroglycerine in an absorbent medium such as kieselguhr, used in mining and blasting.", + "origin": "Coined by Alfred Nobel in 1867. Ultimately from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis, “power”) + -ite, most likely under the influence of dynamo or dynamic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dynamite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "emancipatory": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to emancipation or to an emancipator.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish emancipate\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -tōriusder.\nMiddle English -orie\nEnglish -ory\nEnglish emancipatory\nFrom emancipate + -ory.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emancipatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "embassy": { + "definition": "An organization or group of officials who permanently represent a sovereign state in a second sovereign state or with respect to an international organization such as the United Nations.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ent-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₂énts?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰí\nProto-Celtic *ambi-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti\nProto-Celtic *ageti\nProto-Celtic *-tos\nProto-Celtic *ambaxtos\nGaulish ambaxtosder.\nOld Occitan ambaissadabor.\nOld Italian ambasciatader.\nOld French ambascee\nMiddle French ambasseebor.\nEnglish ambassy\nEnglish embassy\nModern variant of obsolete ambassy, from Middle French ambassee (“mission, embassy”), from Old French ambascee (also enbassee (“message for a high official, official mission”)) from Old Italian ambasciata, from Old Occitan ambaissada (“embassy”), derived from ambaissa (“message”), from Late Latin ambactia (“service rendered”) (attested also as ambascia, from Proto-Germanic *ambahtiją (“service”), *ambahtaz (“follower, servant”), from Gaulish ambaxtos (“dependant, vassal”, literally “one who is sent around”), from Proto-Celtic *ambaxtos (“servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi-h₂eǵ- (“drive around”); compare Latin ambactus, Old Irish amus, amsach (“mercenary, servant”), Welsh amaeth (“tenant farm”)). Doublet of ambassade.", + "sentence": "The American embassy to France is located in Paris.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/embassy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "embezzlement": { + "definition": "The fraudulent conversion of property from a property owner.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish embezzle\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom\nProto-Italic *-mentom\nLatin -mentum\nOld French -mentbor.\nMiddle English -ment\nEnglish -ment\nEnglish embezzlement\nFrom embezzle + -ment.", + "sentence": "He was arrested for embezzlement of company funds.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/embezzlement", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "emblazoned": { + "definition": "Marked by light that blazes out.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "What strength conceives a more emblazoned portal Around this travailing earth, around her courses mortal!", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emblazoned", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1908, David Chalmers Nimmo, “Night”, in Songs, page 80:" + }, + "emerald": { + "definition": "Vert, when blazoning by precious stones.", + "origin": "From Middle English emeraude, borrowed from Old French esmeraude, from Vulgar Latin *smaralda, *smaraldus, *smaraudus, variant of Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos), from a Semitic language. Compare Hebrew בָּרֶקֶת (bāréqeṯ, “emerald, flashing gem”), Akkadian 𒁀𒊏𒄣 (baraqu, literally “scintillation”), Arabic بَرْق (barq, literally “flashing”), Egyptian bwyrqꜣ (literally “to sparkle”):D58-Z7-Z4:D21-N29-Z1-G1-D6 and loanwords with Semitic etymon such as Sanskrit मरकत (marakata).", + "sentence": "Crest, on a Mount Emerald, a Falcon rising Topaz.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emerald", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd, page 504:" + }, + "empty": { + "definition": "Devoid of content; containing nothing or nobody; vacant.", + "origin": "From Middle English emty, amty, from Old English ǣmtiġ, ǣmettiġ (“vacant, empty, free, idle, unmarried”, literally “without must or obligation, leisurely”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”) + Proto-Germanic *mōtijô, *mōtô (“must, obligation, need”), *mōtiþô (“ability, accommodation”), from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“measure; to acquire, possess, be in command”). Related to Old English ġeǣmtigian (“to empty”), ǣmetta (“leisure”), mōtan (“can, to be allowed”). More at mote, meet.\nThe interconsonantal excrescent p is a euphonic insertion dating from Middle English.", + "sentence": "The train starts to empty at North Walsham, and then there is an exodus at Cromer.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/empty", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 October 15, 'Mystery Shopper', “About Anglia... and high scores”, in RAIL, number 1046, page 54:" + }, + "encore": { + "definition": "A brief extra performance, done after the main performance is complete.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French encore (“more, again”), and once used in this sense.", + "sentence": "Can I get an encore?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/encore", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "encroach": { + "definition": "To intrude unrightfully on someone else’s rights or territory.", + "origin": "From Middle English encrochen, from Old French encrochier (“to seize”), from Old French en- + croc (“hook”), of Germanic origin. More at crook.", + "sentence": "I won’t encroach on your time any longer.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/encroach", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "endearing": { + "definition": "Inspiring affection or love, often in a childlike way.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nOld French en-bor.\nMiddle English en-\nEnglish en-\nEnglish dear\nEnglish endear\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish endearing\nFrom endear + -ing.", + "sentence": "But the humorous look of children is perhaps the most endearing of all the bonds that hold the Cosmos together.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/endearing", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1907, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesterton, “A Defence of Baby-worship”, in The Defendant (The Wayfarer’s Library), 3rd edition, London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent & Co. […], →OCLC, page 116:" + }, + "endure": { + "definition": "To last.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin indūrō\nLatin indūrāreder.\nOld French endurerbor.\nMiddle English enduren\nEnglish endure\nFrom Middle English enduren, from Old French endurer, from Latin indūrō (“to make hard”). Displaced Old English drēogan, which survives dialectally as dree. Doublet of dure.", + "sentence": "Our love will endure forever.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/endure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "enervate": { + "definition": "To reduce strength or energy; debilitate.", + "origin": "From Latin ēnervātus, past participle of ēnervō (“to weaken”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enervate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "engineer": { + "definition": "A person who operates a steam engine; specifically (nautical), a person employed to operate the steam engine in the engine room of a ship.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from:\n* Middle English enginour (“one who designs, constructs, or operates military works for attack or defence, etc.; machine designer”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman enginour, engigneour [and other forms], and Middle French and Old French engigneor, engigneour, engignier (“one who designs, constructs, or operates military works for attack or defence; architect; carpenter; craftsman; designer; planner; one who deceives or schemes”) (modern French ingénieur), from engin (“contraption, device; machine; invention; creativity, ingenuity; intelligence; deception, ruse, trickery”) + -eor, -or (suffix forming agent nouns); engin is derived from Latin ingenium (“innate or natural quality, nature; intelligence, natural capacity; ability, skill, talent; (Medieval Latin) engine; machine”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘in, inside, within’) + gignere (the present active infinitive of gignō (“to bear, beget, give birth to; to cause, produce, yield”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, give birth to; to produce”)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns); and\n* from engine + -er (occupational suffix); and\n* from engine + -eer (suffix forming nouns denoting people associated with, concerned with, or engaged in specified activities), possibly modelled after Middle French ingénieur (a variant of Middle French, Old French engigneour; see above), and Italian ingegniere (“engineer”) (obsolete; modern Italian ingegnere).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\nCognates\n* Medieval Latin, Late Latin ingeniārius (“engineer”)\n* Medieval Latin ingeniator (“one constructing or using an engine”)\n* Old Occitan engenhador, enginhador\n* Portuguese engenhador (obsolete), engenheiro (“engineer”)\n* Spanish engeñero (obsolete), ingeniero (“engineer”)", + "sentence": "Steam, from the first, hissed and screamed to warn him; it was dreadful with its explosion, and crushed the engineer.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/engineer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1856, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Wealth”, in English Traits, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson, and Company, →OCLC, pages 170–171:" + }, + "entreat": { + "definition": "To ask earnestly or beg for (something, such as a benefit or favour).", + "origin": "The verb is derived from Late Middle English entreten (“to deal with (someone) in a specified way; to concern oneself with (something); to deal with or give an account of (a topic); to engage in negotiation; to intercede for (someone); to plead with (someone)”), from Anglo-Norman entraiter, entretier (“to concern oneself with (something); to deal with (someone) in a specified manner; to have a conversation with (someone); to negotiate (with someone, or about something)”), Middle French entraiter, entraictier, and Old French entraictier (“to have a conversation with (someone); to concern oneself with (something)”), from en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’) + traiter (“to be concerned with (something); to treat (someone) in a specified way”) (from Latin tractāre, the present active infinitive of tractō (“to handle, manage; to drag, haul”), from trahō (“to drag, pull; etc.”) (see that entry for the further etymology) + -tō (frequentative suffix)).\nThe noun is derived from Late Middle English entrete (“agreement; negotiation; treatment of a subject in discourse”), from the verb.", + "sentence": "I entreat you vvill ſpeak explicitly, that I may prove I can loſe the mother in the ſtrict ſeverity of the judge.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entreat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1797, Ann Radcliffe, chapter X, in The Italian, or The Confessional of the Black Penitents. A Romance. […], volume I, London: […] T[homas] Cadell Jun. and W[illiam] Davies (successors to Mr. [Thomas] Cadell) […], →OCLC, page 287:" + }, + "entrée": { + "definition": "The act of entering somewhere, or permission to enter; admittance.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French entrée. Doublet of entrada and entry.", + "sentence": "It was not by the aid of mules and porters, sedans and sledges, that the hero of Carthage made his entrée into Italy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entr%C3%A9e", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1796, John Owen, Owen's travels into different parts of Europe, in the years 1791 and 1792, page 307:" + }, + "entrepreneur": { + "definition": "A person who sets up a business; generally, a person who owns and manages a business and assumes its financial risks.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French entrepreneur (“one who undertakes or manages”), from Middle French entrepreneur, from entreprendre (“to undertake”) + -eur.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entrepreneur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "eagerly": { + "definition": "In an eager manner.", + "origin": "From Middle English egerly; equivalent to eager + -ly.", + "sentence": "Heidi had been listening eagerly, with shining eyes.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eagerly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1956 [1880], Johanna Spyri, Heidi, translation of original by Eileen Hall, page 103:" + }, + "earmark": { + "definition": "A distinguishing or identifying mark or sign; specifically (archaic), a mark of ownership.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from ear + mark. The verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "But as money has no earmark, it cannot be diſtinguiſhed.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/earmark", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1743 February 21 (date decided; Gregorian calendar), [John] Willes, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, “Jonathan Scott and Francis Richardson against Robert Surman Salem Owne and John Cruickshank, Assignees of Richard Scott a Bankrupt”, in Charles Durnford, editor, Reports of Adjudged Cases in the Court of Common Pleas during the Time Lord Chief Justice Willes Presided in that Court; […], London: […] A. Strahan, […], for J[oseph] Butterworth, […], published 1799, →OCLC, page 404:" + }, + "earnestly": { + "definition": "In an earnest manner; being very sincere; putting forth genuine effort.", + "origin": "From Middle English ernestly, from Old English eornostlīċe (“earnestly, strictly”), equivalent to earnest + -ly.", + "sentence": "Before long, the unsuspecting salesman was earnestly pitching him \"the quietest noisemaker on the market.\"", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/earnestly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999 April 5, William Safire, “Essay; The Quiet Noisemaker”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 14 Sep 2017:" + }, + "eclipse": { + "definition": "Obscurity, decline, downfall.", + "origin": "From Middle English eclipse, from Old French eclipse, from Latin eclīpsis, from Ancient Greek ἔκλειψις (ékleipsis, “eclipse”), from ἐκλείπω (ekleípō, “to abandon, go missing, vanish”), from ἐκ (ek, “out”) and λείπω (leípō, “to leave behind”). Doublet of eclipsis. See also ellipse, ellipsis.", + "sentence": "All her other playthings went into eclipse and the doings of the Geezenstacks occupied most of her waking thoughts.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eclipse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1943, Fredric Brown, The Geezenstacks:" + }, + "editorial": { + "definition": "Appropriate for high fashion magazines.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *deh₃-redup.\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti\nProto-Italic *didō\nLatin dō\nLatin ēdō\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nMedieval Latin ēditorder.\nEnglish editor\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisder.\nOld French -ialder.\nMiddle English -ial\nEnglish -ial\nEnglish editorial\nFrom editor + -ial.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/editorial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "eerily": { + "definition": "In an eerie manner.", + "origin": "From eerie + -ly. Compare Old English earglīċe, earhlīċe (“in a cowardly manner, timidly, fearfully”).", + "sentence": "I can’t help but notice at this point that the story begins to sound eerily like the development of Las Vegas.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eerily", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Annabelle du Fouet, “The murky world from whence it all came” (chapter 2), in Weather Balloons Make Rotten Sex Toys, Ellora's Cave, →ISBN, page 37:" + }, + "effortless": { + "definition": "Without effort.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish effort\nProto-Indo-European *lewh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *lewHs-der.\nProto-Germanic *leusaną\nProto-Germanic *lausaz\nProto-Germanic *-lausaz\nProto-West Germanic *-laus\nOld English -lēas\nMiddle English -les\nEnglish -less\nEnglish effortless\nFrom effort + -less.", + "sentence": "She made the move look completely effortless.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/effortless", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Egyptian": { + "definition": "A gypsy.", + "origin": "From Middle English Egipcien, egyptiane. Displaced Old English Egyptisċ. By surface analysis, Egypt + -ian.", + "sentence": "I went to see the Egyptian, and the Hoodoo doctors too.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Egyptian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1968, Little Brother Montgomery, Bruce Saunders, \"Prescription for the Blues\", Like to Get to Know You (Spanky & Our Gang)" + }, + "eighth": { + "definition": "One of eight equal parts of a whole.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw\nProto-Indo-European *oḱtowós\nProto-Germanic *ahtudô\nProto-West Germanic *ahtudō\nOld English eahtoþa\nMiddle English eightethe\nEnglish eighth\nInherited from Middle English eightethe, from Old English eahtoþa, from Proto-Germanic *ahtudô; equivalent to eight + -th (ordinal suffix).", + "sentence": "Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania have determined that the young skull is only an eighth as strong as an adult one.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eighth", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000 October 3, Eric Nagourney, “VITAL SIGNS: PROTECTION; A Measure of an Infant Skull's Strength”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 19 Apr 2022:" + }, + "Einstein": { + "definition": "An extremely clever or intelligent person.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Einstein.\n* The common noun is an eponym of Albert Einstein.", + "sentence": "It looks like they've got an Einstein in the family.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Einstein", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "elaborative": { + "definition": "Serving to elaborate.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "On the complex workout “A Whole New You,” he shifted between percussive accents and elaborative filigree, in a way that matched the flow of Mr.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elaborative", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 May 5, Nate Chinen, “A Young Saxophonist in Good Post-Bop Company”, in New York Times:" + }, + "elasticity": { + "definition": "The sensitivity of changes in a quantity with respect to changes in another quantity.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁elh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁l̥h₂-tósder.\nAncient Greek ἐλᾰστός (elăstós)\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nNew Latin elasticusbor.\nFrench élastiquebor.\nEnglish elastic\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish elasticity\nFrom elastic + -ity.", + "sentence": "If the sales of an item drop by 5% when the price increases by 10%, its price elasticity is −0.5.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elasticity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "elegant": { + "definition": "Characterised by minimalism and intuitiveness while preserving exactness and precision.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English elegaunt, from Middle French elegant, ultimately from Latin ēlegāns, collateral form of present participle of ēligere, from ex- (“out of, from”) + legō (“choose, select, appoint”).", + "sentence": "\"For myself, because of the baggage of 30 years of balkanisation, I think the elegant solution is to take operations back into the public sector.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elegant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 February 19, Paul Clifton, “I am absolutely committed to reforming the railway”, in RAIL, number 1029, page 41:" + }, + "element": { + "definition": "One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.", + "origin": "From Middle English element, from Old French element, from Latin elementum (“a first principle, element, rudiment”) (see further etymology there).\nThe verb is from Middle English elementen, from the noun.", + "sentence": "The simplicity which is so large an element in a noble nature was laughed to scorn.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/element", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1881, Benjamin Jowett, Thucydides:" + }, + "elevator": { + "definition": "Anything that raises or uplifts.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *h₁léngʰusder.\n▲\nProto-Italic *breɣʷisinflu.?\nProto-Italic *leɣʷis\nLatin levis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin levō\nLatin ēlevō\nLatin ēlevātusder.\nMiddle English elevat\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-nom\nProto-Indo-European *-onom\nProto-Germanic *-aną\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nOld English -an\nMiddle English -en\nMiddle English elevaten\nEnglish elevate\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nLatin -ātor\nOld French -eorbor.\nMiddle English -our\n▲\nLatin -torlbor.\nEnglish -or\nEnglish elevator\nFrom elevate + -or.", + "sentence": "Bulk loading of grain in progress from road to rail at Biggleswade using a portable elevator.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elevator", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1962 May, “Talking of Trains: Portable grain elevators at E.R. stations”, in Modern Railways, page 302, photo caption:" + }, + "elicitation": { + "definition": "The act of eliciting.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish elicit\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish elicitation\nFrom elicit + -ation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elicitation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "eligibility": { + "definition": "The state, quality, or the fact of being eligible.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "She checked her eligibility for the scholarship.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eligibility", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ellipse": { + "definition": "To remove from a phrase a word which is grammatically needed, but which is clearly understood without having to be stated.", + "origin": "From French ellipse. Learned borrowing from Latin ellīpsis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis). Doublet of ellipsis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ellipse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "elocution": { + "definition": "The art of speaking, especially public speaking, with expert control of gesture and voice, diction (articulation and word choice), and usage.", + "origin": "From Middle English elocucioun, ellocucioun, from Late Latin ēlocutiōnem. Doublet of elocutio.", + "sentence": "She took elocution lessons to improve her public speaking.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elocution", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "elucidate": { + "definition": "To make (something) clear and understandable; to clarify, to illuminate, to shed light on.", + "origin": "From Late Latin ēlūcidātus, perfect passive participle of ēlūcidō (“to lighten, enlighten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from ē(x)- (“out, from”) + lūcidus (“bright, clear, understandable”) + -ō (first conjugation verb-forming suffix), literally “to make light of (something)”, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”). Compare French élucider.", + "sentence": "Let me hear vvhat your ovvn conceptions are of the matter, if they tend to elucidate or reconcile.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elucidate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1675, Richard Baxter, “The Second Book. The Fifth Days Conference with an Arminian of Mans Natural Sinfulness and Impotency to Good, and of Free-will.”, in Richard Baxter’s Catholick Theologie: […], London: […] Robert White, for Nevill Simmons […], →OCLC, page 88:" + }, + "elusive": { + "definition": "Difficult to make precise.", + "origin": "From Latin elusus, past participle of eludo (“to parry a blow, to deceive”).", + "sentence": "Charley chased the elusive idea through all the nooks and crannies of his drowning consciousness.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elusive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1910, Jack London, chapter 6, in Lost Face, archived from the original on 14 Apr 2011:" + }, + "enumerated": { + "definition": "Specified (especially when fully specified) by an enumeration or list of steps, parts, values, amounts, etc.;", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "I mean, it just seems very enumerated.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enumerated", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015, United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet, Patent Reform, page 52:" + }, + "enviable": { + "definition": "Arousing or likely to arouse envy.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nOld French enviebor.\nMiddle English envie\nEnglish envy\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ābilis\nOld French -ablebor.\nMiddle English -able\nEnglish -able\nEnglish enviable\nFrom envy + -able (suffix meaning ‘able or fit to be done’ forming adjectives).", + "sentence": "This quarter of the city had at that time anything but an enviable reputation.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enviable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1881, Émile Gaboriau, chapter I, in [anonymous], transl., Lecoq, the Detective. […] (Gaboriau’s Sensational Novels; IV), part I (The Search), London: Vizetelly & Co., […], published 1886, →OCLC, page 5:" + }, + "epoxy": { + "definition": "Derived from an epoxide.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish ep-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-der.?\nAncient Greek ὀξύς (oxús)\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os\nProto-Hellenic *génos\nAncient Greek γένος (génos)\nFrench oxygènebor.\nEnglish oxygen\nEnglish -oxy\nEnglish epoxy\nFrom ep- + -oxy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epoxy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "erode": { + "definition": "To wear away by abrasion, corrosion, or chemical reaction.", + "origin": "From French éroder, from Latin ērōdō.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/erode", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "eruption": { + "definition": "A sudden release of pressure or tension.", + "origin": "From Middle French éruption, from Latin eruptio.", + "sentence": "There was an eruption of joy at the final whistle.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eruption", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "escalator": { + "definition": "A motor-driven mechanical device consisting of a continuous loop of steps that automatically conveys people from one floor to another.", + "origin": "By genericization from the former trademark Escalator, created by American inventor Charles Seeberger in 1900, from Latin ē- (“from, out of”) + scala (“ladder”) + -tor, which forms nouns of agency; see the appendix. Broader usage may be influenced by its derivative escalate, by surface analysis, escalate + -or. For an alternative etymology, see the Online Etymology Dictionary.", + "sentence": "There is a plastic molly-guard covering the escalator's shutdown button to prevent little kids from pushing it and stopping the escalator.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/escalator", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "escapade": { + "definition": "A daring or adventurous act; an undertaking which goes against convention.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French escapade (“the act of escaping; a trick”), itself borrowed from Old Spanish escapada, from escapar (“to escape”), from Vulgar Latin *excappāre.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/escapade", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "essential": { + "definition": "Necessary.", + "origin": "From Late Latin essentiālis, from Latin essentia (“being, essence”).", + "sentence": "Thus, research-based resources with the potential to assist teachers prepare secondary students for tertiary education are essential.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/essential", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, in Journal of English for Academic Purposes, volume 35, →DOI, page 105:" + }, + "establishment": { + "definition": "The act or process of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement; confirmation.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti\nProto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *staējō\nProto-Italic *staēō\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nProto-Italic *staðlis?\nLatin stabilis\nProto-Indo-European *-yétider.\nLatin -iō\nLatin stabilīre\nOld French establir\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom\nProto-Italic *-mentom\nLatin -mentum\nOld French -ment\nOld French establissementbor.\nMiddle English stablishment\nEnglish establishment\nInherited from Middle English *establishment, stablishment, stablisshement, from Old French establissement (modern French établissement), from the verb establir. By surface analysis, establish + -ment.", + "sentence": "Since their establishment of the company in 1984, they have grown into a global business.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/establishment", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "evaluate": { + "definition": "To draw conclusions from examining; to assess; to appraise.", + "origin": "Back-formation from evaluation.", + "sentence": "It will take several years to evaluate the material gathered in the survey.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/evaluate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "evaporation": { + "definition": "The process of a liquid converting to the gaseous state.", + "origin": "From French évaporation, from Latin evaporatio. Morphologically evaporate + -ion.", + "sentence": "Heat causes the evaporation of water from the surface.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/evaporation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ewe": { + "definition": "A female sheep, as opposed to a ram.", + "origin": "From Middle English ewe, from Old English eowu, from Proto-West Germanic *awi, from Proto-Germanic *awiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis (“sheep”).\nCognates\nSee also Old English ēow (“sheep”), West Frisian ei, Dutch ooi, German Aue; also Old Irish oí, Latin ovis, Tocharian B ā(ᵤ)w, Lithuanian avi̇̀s (“ewe”), Russian овца́ (ovcá).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ewe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "exaggerate": { + "definition": "To overstate, to describe more than the fact.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin exaggerātus, perfect passive participle of exaggerō (“to heap up, increase, enlarge, magnify, amplify, exaggerate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from ex- (“out, up”) + aggerō, aggerāre (“to heap up”), from agger (“a pile, heap, mound, dike, mole, pier, etc.”), from aggerō, aggerere (“to bear, carry to (some place), bring together”), from ad- (“to, toward”) + gerō (“to carry”).", + "sentence": "I've told you a billion times not to exaggerate!", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exaggerate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "excursion": { + "definition": "A brief recreational trip; a journey out of the usual way.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin excursiō (“a running out, an inroad, invasion, a setting out, beginning of a speech”), from excurrere (“to run out”), from ex (“out”) + currere (“to run”). By surface analysis, excurse + -ion. Compare excursus.", + "sentence": "While driving home I took an excursion and saw some deer.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/excursion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "exemplar": { + "definition": "Something fit to be imitated; an ideal, a worthy model or role model: a desirable example.", + "origin": "From Middle English exempler, from Middle French exemplair, and its source, Latin exemplar, from Latin exemplum (“example”).", + "sentence": "Michelangelo's \"David\" is an exemplar of Renaissance sculpture.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exemplar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "exercise": { + "definition": "Any activity designed to develop or hone a skill or ability.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂erk-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂orkéyeti\nProto-Italic *arkeō\nLatin arceō\nLatin exerceō\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nLatin exercitiumder.\nOld French exercisebor.\nMiddle English exercise\nEnglish exercise\nFrom Middle English exercise, from Old French exercise, from Latin exercitium. Displaced native Old English plega (“an exercise”) whence Modern English play.", + "sentence": "The teacher told us that the next exercise is to write an essay.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exercise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "existence": { + "definition": "The state of being, existing, or occurring; beinghood.", + "origin": "From Middle English existence, from Old French existence, from Late Latin existentia (“existence”), from existēns, from existō, exsistō (“I am, I exist”), from ex (“out”) + sistere (“to set, place”) (related to stare (“to stand, to be stood”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti, from the root *steh₂- (“stand”). Cognate with Spanish existencia, French existence, German Existenz. Displaced native Old English understandennes (literally, \"understanden-ness\").\nMorphologically exist + -ence.", + "sentence": "In order to destroy evil, we must first acknowledge its existence.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/existence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "explode": { + "definition": "To increase suddenly.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-u-h₂-\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-u-d-\nLatin plaudō\nLatin explōdōbor.\nEnglish explode\nFirst recorded around 1538, from the Latin verb explōdere (“drive out or off by clapping”). The meaning was originally theatrical, \"to drive an actor off the stage by making noise,\" hence meaning to \"to drive out\" or \"to reject\". From ex- (“out”) + plaudere (“to clap; to applaud”). In English it used to mean to \"drive out with violence and sudden noise\" (from around 1660), and later meaning to \"go off with a loud noise\" (from around 1790). The sense of \"bursting with destructive force\" is first recorded around 1882.", + "sentence": "When pigeons can come to a spot day in and day out for a guaranteed meal, their populations explode.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/explode", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016, Nathanael Johnson, Unseen City, →ISBN, page 19:" + }, + "extensive": { + "definition": "Having a great extent; covering a large area; vast.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *ten-\nProto-Indo-European *tend-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *téndeti\nProto-Italic *tendō\nLatin tendō\nLatin extendō\nLatin extēnsus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nLate Latin extensīvusder.\nMiddle English extensive\nEnglish extensive\nFrom late Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin extensīvus, from Latin extensus.", + "sentence": "The frontiers of that extensive monarchy were guarded by ancient renown and disciplined valour.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extensive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1776, Edward Gibbon, chapter 1, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:" + }, + "extinct": { + "definition": "Of feelings, a person's spirit, a state of affairs, etc.: put out, as if like a fire; quenched, suppressed.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English extinct (“eliminated, eradicated, extinguished”), from Latin extīnctus, exstīnctus (“extinguished, quenched; destroyed, killed; made extinct”), the perfect passive participles of extinguō, exstinguō (“to extinguish, put out, quench; (figurative) to abolish; to destroy, kill”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + stinguō (“to extinguish, put out, quench”) (from Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push”)). The Middle English word displaced Middle English aqueint, aquenched (“extinct; extinguished”). Doublet of extinguish.", + "sentence": "My breath is corrupt, my dayes are extinct, the graues are ready for me.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extinct", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 17:1, column 2:" + }, + "extinguish": { + "definition": "To bring about the extinction of (a conditioned reflex).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin extinguo (“to put out (what is burning), quench, extinguish, deprive of life, destroy, abolish”), from ex (“out”) + stinguere (“to put out, quench, extinguish”). Doublet of extinct.", + "sentence": "Many patients can extinguish their phobias after a few months of treatment.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extinguish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "extracurricular": { + "definition": "Outside of the normal curriculum of an educational establishment.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Indo-European *-teros\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰsteros\nProto-Italic *eksteros\nLatin exter\nLatin extrā\nEnglish extra-\nEnglish curricular\nEnglish extracurricular\nFrom extra- + curricular.", + "sentence": "The students enjoy a number of extracurricular activities at weekends.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extracurricular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "extradition": { + "definition": "A formal process by which a criminal suspect held by one government or jurisdiction is handed over to another government or jurisdiction for trial or, if the suspect has already been tried and found guilty, to serve his or her sentence.", + "origin": "From French extradition, itself from Latin ex- + traditio.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extradition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "extraordinaire": { + "definition": "(of a person) Particularly skilled; unusually active; particularly successful.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French extraordinaire. Doublet of extraordinary.", + "sentence": "He was a dancer extraordinaire.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extraordinaire", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "exude": { + "definition": "To discharge through pores or incisions, as moisture or other liquid matter; to give out.", + "origin": "Latin exudāre, exsudāre (“to sweat out”), from ex- (“out, out of”) + sudāre (“to sweat”), from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd-.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fallacy": { + "definition": "Deceptive or false appearance; that which misleads the eye or the mind.", + "origin": "From Middle English fallaci, fallace, fallas, from Old French fallace (whence -acy), from Latin fallācia (“deception, deceit”), from fallāx (“deceptive, deceitful”), from fallere (“to deceive”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fallacy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fanatic": { + "definition": "Fanatical.", + "origin": "First attested in 1525. Learned borrowing from Latin fānāticus (“of a temple, divinely inspired, frenzied”), from fānum (“temple”). Influenced by French fanatique.", + "sentence": "But Faith, fanatic Faith, once wedded fast / To some dear falsehood, hugs it to the last.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fanatic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1817, Thomas Moore, Lalla Rookh […] , London: Longman […] :" + }, + "fashionista": { + "definition": "A person who creates or promotes high fashion, i.e. a fashion designer or fashion editor.", + "origin": "From fashion + -ista. Compare earlier Sandinista, Peronista, Guardianista. Piecewise doublet of earlier fashionist.", + "sentence": "Toronto fashionista Suzanne Boyd, editor-in-chief of the soon-to-be-launched Zoomer magazine, recently moved back to Canada after living in Manhattan for the past four years.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fashionista", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008 July 17, “High Style: Are you a Porter person?”, in Toronto Star, page L1:" + }, + "feeble": { + "definition": "Deficient in physical strength.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAnglo-Norman feblebor.\nMiddle English feble\nEnglish feeble\nFrom Middle English feble, from Anglo-Norman feble (“weak, feeble”) (compare French faible), from Latin flēbilis (“tearful, mournful, lamentable”) by dissimilation, from fleō (“to weep, cry”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁-. Doublet of foible.", + "sentence": "Though she appeared old and feeble, she could still throw a ball.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/feeble", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "fellowship": { + "definition": "A feeling of friendship, relatedness or connection between people.", + "origin": "From Middle English felowschipe, felawshipe, felaȝschyp, equivalent to fellow + -ship; or perhaps adapted from Old Norse félagskapr, félagsskapr (“fellowship”). Compare Icelandic félagsskapur (“companionship, company, community”), Danish fællesskab (“fellowship”), Norwegian fellesskap (“fellowship”), and Old Swedish fælaghskap (“fellowship”)", + "sentence": "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fellowship", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "felonious": { + "definition": "Of, relating to, being, or having the quality of felony.", + "origin": "From Middle English *felonious (implied in feloniously; compare felonous); equivalent to felony + -ous.", + "sentence": "The defendant must show that any bail money he hopes to post did not come from the felonious means.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/felonious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ferret": { + "definition": "A diligent searcher.", + "origin": "From Middle English furet, ferret, from Old French furet, from Vulgar Latin *furittum (“weasel, ferret”), diminutive of Latin fūr (“thief”).", + "sentence": "The most challenging documentary discoveries were made by a tenacious archival ferret, Dr Antonio Bertoletti.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ferret", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1998 July 2, Charles Nicholl, “Screaming in the Castle”, in London Review of Books, volume XX, number 13:" + }, + "fervently": { + "definition": "In a fervent manner.", + "origin": "From Middle English fervently; equivalent to fervent + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fervently", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fez": { + "definition": "A felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone, having a flat top with a tassel attached.", + "origin": "From Ottoman Turkish فس (fes) (modern Turkish fes), named after Fez, Morocco, (capital of the Kingdom of Morocco until 1927), where the dye to color the hat was extracted from crimson berries.", + "sentence": "He was in his shirt, but he still wore his fez, as though he had gone to bed in it, which was probably the case.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fez", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1913, Norman Lindsay, A Curate in Bohemia, Sydney: N.S.W. Bookstall Co., published 1932, page 123:" + }, + "fido": { + "definition": "A coin that is defective, having been incorrectly minted, often prized by collectors.", + "origin": "An acronym of the words freaks, irregulars, defects, oddities, from the 1960s.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fido", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "filar": { + "definition": "Having a thread across the field of view.", + "origin": "From Latin filum (“a thread”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/filar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "filbert": { + "definition": "The hazelnut.", + "origin": "Earlier filbert-nut, Philibert-nut, from Middle English filbert-note, from Anglo-Norman noix de filbert, so named because they are ripe near Saint Philibert’s Day.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/filbert", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "financier": { + "definition": "A person who, as a profession, profits from large financial transactions.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French financier.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/financier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fission": { + "definition": "The process whereby one item splits to become two.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin fissiōnem, accusative singular of fissiō (“the act of breaking up”), from findō (“split, divide”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fission", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fabulist": { + "definition": "A person who writes, tells, or extensively studies fables.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French fabuliste. By surface analysis, fable + -ist, or, by surface analysis, fabula + -ist. Compare fabular.", + "sentence": "La Fontaine, the French fabulist, has a tale, La Mandragore, dealing with the erotic impact of the root.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fabulist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 223:" + }, + "facade": { + "definition": "The face of a building, especially the front view or elevation.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French façade, from Italian facciata, a derivation of faccia (“front”), from Latin faciēs (“face”); compare face.", + "sentence": "Eight or so gunmen stood shoulder to shoulder in the gray-white trail before the barn, firing into the saloon's burning, bullet-pocked facade.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/facade", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Peter Brandvold, “Ghost Colts”, in Robert J. Randisi, editor, Lone Star Law, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 179:" + }, + "factorial": { + "definition": "The result of multiplying a given number of consecutive integers from 1 to the given number. In equations, it is symbolized by an exclamation mark (!). For example, 5! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 120.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti\nProto-Italic *θakjō\nProto-Italic *fakjō\nLatin faciō\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nLatin factorbor.\nMiddle French facteurbor.\n▲\nLatin factorbor.\nAnglo-Norman factourbor.\nMiddle English factour\nEnglish factor\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisder.\nOld French -ialder.\nMiddle English -ial\nEnglish -ial\nEnglish factorial\nFrom factor + -ial.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/factorial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fadeaway": { + "definition": "An instance of fading away, of diminishing in proximity or intensity.", + "origin": "Deverbal from fade away.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fadeaway", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fisticuffs": { + "definition": "An impromptu fight with the fists, usually between only two people.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fisticuffs", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "flabbergast": { + "definition": "To overwhelm with bewilderment; to amaze, confound, or stun, especially in a ludicrous manner.", + "origin": "The origin of the verb is uncertain; possibly dialectal (Suffolk), from flabby or flap (“to strike”) + aghast. The word may be related to Scottish flabrigast (“to boast”) or flabrigastit (“worn out with exertion”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.", + "sentence": "The idea may surprise you, but I intend that it shall flabbergast the poor foolish Englishmen mured up behind those pine and redwood logs.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flabbergast", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008, Harry Turtledove, The United States of Atlantis: A Novel of Alternate History, New York, N.Y.: Roc/New American Library, →ISBN, page 240:" + }, + "flashback": { + "definition": "A dramatic device in which an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronological flow of a narrative.", + "origin": "From flash + back.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flashback", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "flattery": { + "definition": "Excessive praise or approval, which is often insincere and sometimes contrived to win favour.", + "origin": "From Middle English flaterye, flaterie, from Old French flaterie, from the verb flater (“to flatter”). By surface analysis, flatter + -y (forming abstract nouns).", + "sentence": "Don't you know that some of his contributions here are pure flattery?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flattery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "fleeciness": { + "definition": "The quality of being fleecy", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish fleecy\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish fleeciness\nFrom fleecy + -ness.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fleeciness", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fleetness": { + "definition": "The quality of being fleet or swift; rapidity.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish fleet\nProto-Germanic *-in-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂ti\nProto-Germanic *-ōną\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish fleetness\nFrom fleet + -ness.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fleetness", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "flexitarian": { + "definition": "One who is usually or primarily vegetarian, but not strictly so.", + "origin": "Blend of flexible + vegetarian.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flexitarian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "flight": { + "definition": "The act of flying; the ability to fly.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *plew-\nProto-Indo-European *plewk-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *pléwketi\nProto-Germanic *fleuganą\nProto-West Germanic *fleugan\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Germanic *-þiz\nProto-West Germanic *-þi\nProto-West Germanic *fluhti\nOld English flyht\nMiddle English flight\nEnglish flight\nFrom Middle English flight, from Old English flyht (“flight”), from Proto-West Germanic *fluhti (“flight”), derived from *fleuganą (“to fly”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”), enlargement of *plew- (“flow”). Analyzable as fly + -t (variant of -th).\nCognate with West Frisian flecht (“flight”), Dutch vlucht (“flight”), German Flucht (“flight”) (etymology 2).", + "sentence": "Most birds are capable of flight.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flight", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "flimflammer": { + "definition": "A swindler; a con artist.", + "origin": "From flimflam + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flimflammer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "flipperling": { + "definition": "A young seal.", + "origin": "From flipper + -ling.", + "sentence": "At last an unwary cod, in flight from the big male, sped close beside the flipperling.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flipperling", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1936, Latrobe Carroll, The Canadian Magazine:" + }, + "floridly": { + "definition": "In a florid manner", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin flōreō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin flōridus\nFrench floride\nEnglish florid\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish floridly\nFrom florid + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/floridly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "flounder": { + "definition": "Any of various flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae or Bothidae.", + "origin": "From Middle English flowndre, from Anglo-Norman floundre, from Old Northern French flondre, from Old Norse flyðra, from Proto-Germanic *flunþrijǭ. Cognate with Danish flynder, German Flunder, Swedish flundra.", + "sentence": "These wrecks hold tautog, porgies, sea bass, flounder.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flounder", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014, Nick Honachefsky, The Jersey Surf Diaries:" + }, + "flourish": { + "definition": "To prosper or fare well.", + "origin": "From Middle English floryschen, from Old French florir (via the arrhizotonic stem floriss-), from Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre, from Latin flōrem (“flower”, noun). Corresponds to flower + -ish.", + "sentence": "Bad men as frequently prosper and flourish, and that by the means of their wickedness.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flourish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1795, Robert Nelson, A Companion for the Festivals and Fasts of the Church of England:" + }, + "flout": { + "definition": "To express contempt for (laws, rules, etc.) by word or action.", + "origin": "Perhaps from Middle English flouten (“to play the flute”); compare with Dutch fluiten.", + "sentence": "The manoeuvres of Microsoft and HP appear to comply with the letter of the regulations, even if they flout their spirit.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flout", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012 September 29, “Tax alchemy: Tech's avoidance”, in The Economist:" + }, + "fluctuation": { + "definition": "A motion like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction; an irregular rising and falling.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin fluctuatiōnem, accusative singular of fluctuatiō, from fluctuō, from fluctus. Morphologically fluctuate + -ion.", + "sentence": "The rolling stock has been specially designed to meet the needs of the fluctuation of traffic in peak and off-peak periods.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fluctuation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1959 November 14, “Notes and News: St. Pancras-Bedford Diesel Trains”, in Railway Magazine, page 801:" + }, + "fluid": { + "definition": "A liquid (as opposed to a solid or gas).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.\nProto-Indo-European *bʰlewH-der.\nProto-Indo-European *bʰluH-yé-ti?\nLatin fluō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin fluidusder.\nMiddle English fluid\nEnglish fluid\nFrom Middle English fluid, from Latin fluidus (“flowing; fluid”), from Latin fluō (“to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell; surge; overflow; run”). Akin to Ancient Greek φλύειν (phlúein, “to swell; overflow”). Not related to English flow, which is a native, inherited word from *plew-, but is distantly related from English bleat.", + "sentence": "Composition: is the mass solid, fluid or gas?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fluid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011, Andrew T Raftery, Michael S. Delbridge, Marcus J. D. Wagstaff, Churchill's Pocketbook of Surgery, International Edition E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 11:" + }, + "flummery": { + "definition": "Deceptive or blustering speech.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Welsh llymru (“a sour jelly derived from boiled oatmeal”), of uncertain origin, perhaps related to llymrig (“slippery”).\nFor phonetic development, compare origin of Floyd.", + "sentence": "It’s not the age of reason, or even the nineteenth century, it’s the era of flummery, and the day of the devious approach.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flummery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1960, John Wyndham, The Trouble With Lichen, Penguin Books, page 91:" + }, + "foible": { + "definition": "A quirk, idiosyncrasy, frailty, or mannerism; an unusual habit that is slightly strange or silly.", + "origin": "1640–50, from Early Modern French foible (“feeble”) (contemporary French faible). Doublet of feeble.", + "sentence": "Final fillip in the Vice-President's study has been a boning up on Premier Khrushchev's favorite foible, proverbs.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1959 July 24, “An Ounce of Prevention”, in Meriden Record, page 6:" + }, + "folate": { + "definition": "A salt or ester of folic acid, especially one present in the vitamin B complex.", + "origin": "From folic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/folate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "folly": { + "definition": "Foolishness that results from a lack of foresight or lack of practicality.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English folie, from Old French folie (“madness”), from the adjective fol (“mad, insane”).", + "sentence": "It would be folly to walk all that way, knowing the shops are probably shut by now.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/folly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "fomentation": { + "definition": "The act of fomenting; the application of warm, soft, medicinal substances, as for the purpose of easing pain by relaxing the skin, or of discussing (dispersing) tumours.", + "origin": "From Middle English fōmentāciǒun (“act of fomenting; lotion or poultice applied to a diseased part of the body”), from Late Latin fōmentātiō, fōmentātiōnem, from fōmentāre (from fōmentum (“lotion; compress, poultice; warm application; fomentation”), from foveō (“to warm, keep warm; to cherish, nurture; to bathe, foment”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn; warm, hot”)) + -ātiō, -ātiōnem (suffix forming a noun relating to some action or the result of an action); analysable as foment + -ation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fomentation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "foosball": { + "definition": "table soccer (US), table football (UK)", + "origin": "From German Fußball, itself a calque of English football.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foosball", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "foozle": { + "definition": "To do (something) awkwardly or clumsily; to bungle.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "I wouldn't have trusted dear old Monty to break the death of a bluebottle without managing to foozle it somehow.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foozle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1900, F. Anstey, Humor and Fantasy:" + }, + "foppery": { + "definition": "The dress or actions of a fop.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish fop\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ie\nOld French -eriebor.\nMiddle English -erie\nEnglish -ery\nEnglish foppery\nFrom fop + -ery.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foppery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "forensics": { + "definition": "The study of formal debate; rhetoric.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forensics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "forfeit": { + "definition": "A thing forfeited; that which is taken from somebody in requital of a misdeed committed; that which is lost, or the right to which is alienated, by a crime, breach of contract, etc.", + "origin": "From Middle English forfait from ca. 1300, from Old French forfait (“crime”), originally the past participle of forfaire (“to transgress”), and Medieval Latin foris factum. During the 15th century, the sense shifted from the crime to the penalty for the crime.", + "sentence": "He who murders pays the forfeit of his own life.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forfeit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "forgeable": { + "definition": "That can be forged (shaped under heat and pressure).", + "origin": "From forge + -able.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forgeable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "formalize": { + "definition": "To develop into a definite form.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish formal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish formalize\nFrom formal + -ize.", + "sentence": "As they formalize, we'll widely publicize these events.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/formalize", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1984 February 4, Marsha Levine, “Pride '84”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 28, page 5:" + }, + "fortification": { + "definition": "The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places to strengthen defence against an enemy.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French fortification, from Late Latin fortificatio, fortificationem, from fortifico, from Latin fortis. By surface analysis, fort + -ification.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fortification", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "frailty": { + "definition": "The condition quality of being frail, physically, mentally, or morally; weakness of resolution; liability to be deceived.", + "origin": "From Middle English frelete, frailte, from Old French fraileté, from Latin fragilitās. By surface analysis, frail + -ty. Doublet of fragility.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frailty", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "freckle": { + "definition": "A small brownish or reddish pigmentation spot on the surface of the skin.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Late Middle English fracle, frekel, frekle (“freckle; pimple; fleck of colour in a stone”), a variant of frakne, freken (“freckle; other skin blemish”) (whence frecken (“(obsolete except UK, dialectal) freckle”)), from Old Norse freknur pl (compare Faroese frøknur, Danish fregner, Swedish fräknar), an s-less variant of Proto-Germanic *sprekalą (“freckle”) (compare Middle High German spreckel, dialectal Norwegian sprekla), from Proto-Indo-European *sp(h)er(e)g-, *(s)pregʰ- (“to sprinkle, strew”). Doublet of spark, sprack, and spry.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* Albanian fruth (“measles”)\n* Old English sprecel", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/freckle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "freegan": { + "definition": "A person who salvages and consumes food that has been discarded, especially one who wishes to protect the environment and challenge consumerism by means of waste reduction.", + "origin": "Blend of free + vegan.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/freegan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "freight": { + "definition": "Goods or items in transport; cargo, luggage.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English freight, freght, freyght [and other forms], a variant of fraught, fraght (“transport of goods or people, usually by water; transportation fee; transportation facilities; cargo or passengers of a ship; (figuratively) burden; ballast of a ship; goods; a charge”), from Middle Dutch vracht, vrecht, and Middle Low German vrecht (“cargo, freight; transportation fee”), from Old Saxon frāht, frēht, from Proto-West Germanic *fra- (from Proto-Germanic *fra- (prefix meaning ‘completely, fully’)) + *aihti (from Proto-Germanic *aihtiz (“possessions, property”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to come into possession of, obtain; to own, possess”)).\nThe English word can be analysed as for- + aught, and is a doublet of fraught.\nCognates\n* French fret (“cargo, freight; transportation fees; rental of a ship”)\n* Old English ǣht (“livestock; possession, property; power”)\n* Old High German frēht (“earnings”)\n* Portuguese frete (“cargo, freight; transportation fees”)\n* Spanish flete (“cargo, freight; charter (hire of a vehicle for transporting cargo)”)\n* Swedish frakt c (“cargo, freight; transportation fees”)", + "sentence": "The freight shifted and the trailer turned over on the highway.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/freight", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "fribble": { + "definition": "To waste or fritter.", + "origin": "Perhaps related to frivol.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fribble", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "frisket": { + "definition": "A thin frame in a printing press that holds the sheet of paper in position and acts as a mask.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French frisquette.", + "sentence": "As the pressman returns the inkballs to the inkstone, the journeyman closes the frisket and tympan.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frisket", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000, Richard L. Saunders, Printing in Deseret:" + }, + "frock": { + "definition": "A dress, a piece of clothing, which consists of a skirt and a cover for the upper body.", + "origin": "From Middle English frok, frokke, from Old French froc (“frock, a monk's gown or habit”), perhaps via Medieval Latin hrocus, roccus, rocus (“a coat”), from Frankish *hrokk (“skirt, dress, robe”), from Proto-Germanic *hrukkaz (“robe, jacket, skirt, tunic”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to weave”).\nCognate with Old High German hroch, roch (“skirt, dress, cowl”) – whence German Rock (“skirt, coat”) –, Saterland Frisian Rok (“skirt”), Dutch rok (“skirt, petticoat”), Old English rocc (“an overgarment, tunic, rochet”), Old Norse rokkr (“skirt, jacket”), whence Danish rok (“garment”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frock", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "frontier": { + "definition": "The part of a country which borders or faces another country or unsettled region.", + "origin": "From Middle English frounter, from Old French fronter (whence Modern French frontière), from front.", + "sentence": "For two years the Easterner had been searching for his lost brother, at trading posts and Army forts all along the frontier.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frontier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1950, Dorothy M. Johnson, War Shirt; in Indian Country, London: Corgi, 1961, page 107:" + }, + "frugal": { + "definition": "Careful or wise in expenditure; avoiding waste.", + "origin": "From Middle French, from Latin frugalis (“virtuous, thrifty”). Displaced native Old English spærhende (literally “spare-handed”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frugal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fundamental": { + "definition": "Essential; extremely important.", + "origin": "From Middle English foundamental, fundamental, from Late Latin fundāmentālis, from Latin fundāmentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn. By surface analysis, fundament + -al.", + "sentence": "A need for belonging seems fundamental to humans.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fundamental", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "funnel": { + "definition": "A utensil in the shape of an inverted hollow cone terminating in a narrow pipe, for channeling liquids or granular material; typically used when transferring said substances from any container into ones with a significantly smaller opening.", + "origin": "From Middle English funell, fonel, probably through Old French *founel (compare Middle French fonel, Old Occitan fonilh, enfounilh), from Latin fundibulum, infundibulum (“funnel”), from infundere (“to pour in”);\nin (“in”) + fundere (“to pour”); compare Breton founilh (“funnel”), Welsh ffynel (“air hole, chimney”). See fuse.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/funnel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "furnace": { + "definition": "A device that provides heat for a building.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *gʷʰr̥nós\nProto-Italic *xʷornos\nProto-Italic *fornos\nLatin fornus\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂ks\nProto-Italic *-āks\nLatin -āx\nLatin fornāx\nOld French fornaisbor.\nMiddle English forneys\nEnglish furnace\nInherited from Middle English forneys, borrowed from Old French fornais, from Latin fornāx.", + "sentence": "HVAC services include furnace maintenance.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/furnace", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "futility": { + "definition": "The quality of being futile or useless.", + "origin": "From Latin fūtilitās (“worthlessness, futility”). By surface analysis, futile + -ity.", + "sentence": "His taking the bar exam for a third time was pure futility.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/futility", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "graphologist": { + "definition": "A practitioner of graphology.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish graphology\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nEnglish graphologist\nFrom graphology + -ist.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/graphologist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "grapple": { + "definition": "To ponder and intensely evaluate a problem; to struggle to deal with.", + "origin": "From Middle English *grapplen (“to seize, lay hold of”), from Old English *græpplian (“to seize”) (compare Old English ġegræppian (“to seize”)), from Proto-Germanic *graipilōną, *grabbalōną (“to seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to take, seize, rake”), equivalent to grab + -le.\nCognate with Dutch grabbelen (“to grope, scramble, scrabble”), German grabbeln (“to rummage, grope about”) and grapsen, grapschen (“to seize, grasp, grabble”). Influenced in some senses by grapple (“tool with claws or hooks”, noun) (see below). See further at grasp.", + "sentence": "Fear of death is a universal human concern with which all thinking people at some point grapple.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grapple", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018, Timothy R. Jennings, The Aging Brain, →ISBN, page 173:" + }, + "gridiron": { + "definition": "The field on which American football is played.", + "origin": "From resembling the shape of a gridiron (a square rectilinear grid).", + "sentence": "They were quite close to him now, and crouching low, like tacklers on a gridiron.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gridiron", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 104:" + }, + "groom": { + "definition": "A brushing or cleaning, as of a dog or horse.", + "origin": "From Middle English grom, grome (“man-child, boy, youth”), of uncertain origin. Apparently related to Middle Dutch grom (“boy”), Old Icelandic grómr, gromr (“man, manservant, boy”), Old French gromme (“manservant”), and also to Middle Dutch grom (“fish guts”), Middle Low German grôm (“fish guts”), from the same Proto-Germanic root. Possibly from Old English *grōm, from Proto-West Germanic *grōm (“swollen belly, stomach tumour, womb-child, fish roe, fish guts”), from Proto-Germanic *grōaną (“to grow”).\nAlternative etymology describes Middle English grom, grome as an alteration of gome (“man”) with an intrusive r (also found in bridegroom, hoarse, cartridge, etc.), with the Middle Dutch and Old Icelandic cognates following similar variation of their respective forms.", + "sentence": "Give the mare a quick groom before you take her out.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/groom", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gruel": { + "definition": "A thin, watery porridge, formerly eaten primarily by the poor and the ill.", + "origin": "From Middle English gruel, gruwel, greuel, growel (“meal or flour made from beans, lentils, etc.”), from Old French gruel (“coarse meal; > French gruau”), from Medieval Latin grutellum, diminutive of Medieval Latin grutum (“flour; meal”), from a Germanic source, likely Old English grūt (“meal; grout”) or perhaps Frankish *grūt; both from Proto-Germanic *grūtiz (“ground material; grit”). Compare Dutch gruit, Middle Low German grūt, Middle High German grūz, German Grütze (“grout”). Related also to English groats, grit.", + "sentence": "She makes it better than Eliza does; Eliza's gruel is all little lumps, and when you suck them it is dry oatmeal inside.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gruel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1899, E. Nesbit, The Story of the Treasure Seekers:" + }, + "guess": { + "definition": "To reach a partly (or totally) unconfirmed conclusion; to engage in conjecture; to speculate.", + "origin": "From Middle English gessen (verb) and Middle English gesse (noun), probably of North Germanic origin, from Old Danish getse, gitse, getsa (“to guess”), from Old Norse *getsa, *gitsa, from Proto-Germanic *gitisōną (“to guess”), from Proto-Germanic *getaną (“to get”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to take, seize”).\nCognate with Danish gisne (“to guess”), Norwegian gissa, gjette (“to guess”), Swedish gissa (“to guess”), Saterland Frisian gisje (“to guess”), Dutch gissen (“to guess”), Low German gissen (“to guess”), Dutch gis (“a guess”). Related also to Icelandic giska (\"to guess\"; from Proto-Germanic *gitiskōną). Compare also Russian гада́ть (gadátʹ, “to conjecture, guess, divine”), Albanian gjëzë (“riddle”) from gjej (“find, recover, obtain”). More at get.", + "sentence": "We can only guess at what was going through her mind.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guess", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gymnastics": { + "definition": "A sport involving the performance of sequences of movements requiring physical strength, flexibility, and kinesthetic awareness.", + "origin": "From gymnastic: see -ics; from Latin gymnasticus, from Ancient Greek γυμναστικός (gumnastikós), from γυμναστής (gumnastḗs, “athlete, gymnast”), from γῠμνᾰ́ζω (gŭmnắzō, “to train, exercise”), from γυμνός (gumnós, “naked”), because Greek athletes trained naked. By surface analysis, gymnast + -ics.", + "sentence": "Gymnastics was a significant part of the physical education curriculum.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gymnastics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gab": { + "definition": "Idle chatter.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *gabbōnąder.\nOld Norse gabbder.\nMiddle English gab\nEnglish gab\nInherited from Middle English gab, gabbe, from Old Norse gabb (“jest, mockery”) (whence also Old French gab, gap (“mockery, derision, scorn”)). Cognate with Icelandic gabb (“hoax”).", + "sentence": "Now is the time for gab and chatter.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gab", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Robert Eggers, Max Eggers, The Lighthouse (motion picture), spoken by Thomas Wake (Willem Dafoe), set in Maine, United States, during the 1890s with dialogue written to reflect the time period:" + }, + "gaffer": { + "definition": "The leader of a group or team, such as a boss, foreman, coach, or publican.", + "origin": "Likely a contraction of godfather, but with the vowels influenced by grandfather. Compare French compère, German Gevatter.\nCompare also Old English ġefædera (“godfather”), of which some unattested dialectal descendant may have been an influence.", + "sentence": "Just like your bloody gaffer promised.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gaffer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 117:" + }, + "gaggle": { + "definition": "A group of geese when they are on the ground or on the water; other groups of birds.", + "origin": "From Middle English gagelen (“to cackle; cackle like a goose”). Compare Dutch gaggelen (“to cackle”), Icelandic gagl (“small goose; gosling”), Norwegian Nynorsk gagl (“wild goose”).", + "sentence": "They're only referred to as a gaggle when they're on land.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gaggle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019 June 6, “A gaggle, a confusion and a conspiracy - bizarre animal collective group names”, in BBC:" + }, + "gallant": { + "definition": "Brave, valiant, courteous, especially with regard to male attitudes towards women.", + "origin": "From Middle English galant, galaunt, from Old French galant (“courteous; dashing; brave”), present participle of galer (“to rejoice; make merry”), from gale (“pomp; show; festivity; mirth”); either from Frankish *wala (“good, well”), a variant form of *wela, from Proto-Germanic *wela (whence well), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, wish”); or alternatively from Frankish *gail (“merry; mirthful; proud; luxuriant”), from Proto-Germanic *gailaz (“merry; excited; luxurious”), related to Dutch geil (“horny; lascivious; salacious; lecherous”), German geil (“randy; horny; lecherous; wicked”), Old English gāl (“wanton; wicked; bad”).", + "sentence": "That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gallant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:" + }, + "galley": { + "definition": "A long, slender ship propelled primarily by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; usually a rowed warship used in the Mediterranean from the 16th century until the modern era.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nByzantine Greek γάλεα (gálea)der.\nLatin galeader.\nOld French galeeder.\nMiddle English galeie\nEnglish galley\nFrom Middle English galeie, from Old French galee, from Latin galea, from Byzantine Greek γάλεα (gálea) of unknown origin, probably from Ancient Greek γαλέη (galéē), a kind of a small fish, from γαλεός (galeós, “dog-fish or small shark”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/galley", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gardenesque": { + "definition": "Reminiscent of a garden; garden-like.", + "origin": "From garden + -esque.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gardenesque", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gargle": { + "definition": "To clean a specific part of the body by gargling (almost always throat or mouth).", + "origin": "From French gargouiller (“to gargle”), from Old French gargouille, gargole (“gutter, throat”). Compare gargoyle and Spanish garganta. Displaced non-native Middle English gargargisen (“to gargle”) from Latin, and native Old English swillan (“to gargle”) (ancestor of English swill).", + "sentence": "They don't gargle their throats with anything stronger than coffee at this tavern.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gargle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1893, Gilbert Parker, Mrs. Falchion:" + }, + "garniture": { + "definition": "Something that garnishes; a decoration, adornment or embellishment", + "origin": "From Middle English garnetture, from Anglo-Norman garniture, gerneiture, from Old French garneture (“accessory for a saddle”), from Old French garnir, guarnir, from Frankish *warnijan (“to prevent, deny”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/garniture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gaucho": { + "definition": "A cowboy of the South American pampas.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish gaucho, of uncertain origin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gaucho", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gazette": { + "definition": "A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French gazette, from Italian gazzetta, from Venetan gazeta, from gazeta dele novità (literally “a gazeta (halfpenny) of news”), named for the cost (one gazeta) of the newspaper. Compare penny dreadful, dime novel. See gazzetta for more.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gazette", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "genius": { + "definition": "Someone possessing extraordinary intelligence or skill; especially somebody who has demonstrated this by a creative or original work in science, music, art, etc.", + "origin": "From Latin genius (“inborn nature; a tutelary deity of a person or place; wit, brilliance”), from gignō (“to beget, produce”), Old Latin genō, from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-. Doublet of genio. See also genus and genie.", + "sentence": "She's a genius; she won a Nobel Prize at fifteen!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genius", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "genteel": { + "definition": "Affectedly proper or refined; somewhat prudish refinement; excessively polite.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French gentil (“gentile”), from Latin gentīlis (“of or belonging to the same people or nation”), from gēns (“clan; tribe; people, family”) + adjective suffix -īlis (“-ile”). Doublet of gentle, gentile, and jaunty. See also gens, gender, genus, and generation.", + "sentence": "Genteel America was handicapped by meagerness of soul, thinness of temper, paucity of talent.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genteel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 407:" + }, + "ghastly": { + "definition": "Like a ghost in appearance; death-like; pale; pallid; dismal.", + "origin": "From a conflation of gastly, from Middle English gastly, from gasten (from Old English gǣstan (“to torment, frighten”)) + -ly, and ghostly (which was also spelt gastlich in Middle English). Equivalent to ghast/gast + -ly. Spelling with gh developed in the 16th century due to the conflation.", + "sentence": "Each turned his face with a ghastly pang.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ghastly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1797–1798 (date written), [Samuel Taylor Coleridge], “The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere”, in Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems, London: […] J[ohn] & A[rthur] Arch, […], published 1798, →OCLC:" + }, + "giggle": { + "definition": "To laugh gently in a playful, nervous, or affected manner.", + "origin": "Early 16th century, probably of imitative origin.\nOr, perhaps a frequentative based on dialectal English gig (“to creak”), from Middle English gigen (“to make a creaking sound”) + -le; or perhaps of Dutch or Low German origin: compare Saterland Frisian güüchelje (“to giggle”), West Frisian giechelje (“to giggle”), Dutch giechelen (“to giggle”), German Low German giecheln (“to giggle”), dialectal German giggln, gigglen (“to giggle”), German gickeln (“to giggle”). All of these words are likely onomatopoeic as well. Also compare Alemannic German Guege (“fiddle”).", + "sentence": "I couldn't resist to giggle a little tee hee.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/giggle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gist": { + "definition": "The main idea or substance, or the most essential part, of a longer or more complicated matter; the crux, the heart, the pith.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Old French gist, a noun use of the third person singular indicative of gesir (“to lie down”) (modern French gésir; compare Anglo-Norman (cest) action gist (literally “(law) (this) action lies”)), from Latin iacēre, the present active infinitive of iaceō (“to lie down, lie prostrate, recline”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”) (probably in the sense of something being thrown down).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\nThe programming sense is a genericized trademark of GitHub Gist, introduced 2008.", + "sentence": "I don't wanna belabor my point; I'm sure you get the gist.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gizzard": { + "definition": "A specialized organ constructed of thick muscular walls found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (including crocodilians and birds), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans, and used for grinding up food, often aided by particles of stone or grit.", + "origin": "From Middle English gyser, geser, from Old French gesier, giser et al. (French gésier), from Latin gigēria.", + "sentence": "As fortune has it, kingbirds, like owls, lack a grinding gizzard and regurgitate hard fragments from their meals.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gizzard", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press,, →ISBN, page 29:" + }, + "glitterati": { + "definition": "Celebrities or people with a lot of money; the smart set.", + "origin": "Blend of glitter + literati.", + "sentence": "Fifty Seven Fifty Seven—The country's entertainment-industry glitterati make themselves right at home at I.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glitterati", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997 June 2, “Restaurants”, in New York, volume 30, number 21, page 132:" + }, + "gnarled": { + "definition": "Knotty and misshapen.", + "origin": "First attested Shakespeare 1603:\n: Thy sharpe and sulpherous bolt Splits the vn-wedgable [unwedgable] and gnarled Oke [oak].\n: Measure for Measure, Act II, scene ii, line 116\nVariant of knurled, from knurl. By surface analysis, gnarl + -ed, though gnarl is a later back-formation. Popular use by 19th century.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gnarled", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Godspeed": { + "definition": "Used, particularly at a moment of departure, to convey a wish that an individual’s forthcoming actions yield favorable outcomes; typically addressed to someone embarking on a journey or undertaking a challenging endeavor.", + "origin": "Univerbation of God speed, elliptical for God speed you, where speed carries the archaic sense “help, further, cause to prosper”. Compare God bless, God damn.", + "sentence": "If she permit you, then godspeed!", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Godspeed", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1927, M[ohandas] K[aramchand] Gandhi, “Preparation for England”, in Mahadev Desai, transl., The Story of My Experiments with Truth: Translated from the Original in Gujarati, volume I, Ahmedabad, Gujarat: Navajivan Press, →OCLC, part I, page 95:" + }, + "goober": { + "definition": "A peanut.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nKongo ngubader.\nGullahbor.\nEnglish goober\nVia Gullah from Kongo nguba (“peanut”).", + "sentence": "But he so seam I frade of he, I guess he steal my goober.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/goober", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1834 May 24, Cherokee Phoenix, page 3:" + }, + "gossip": { + "definition": "Someone who likes to talk about other people's private or personal business.", + "origin": "From Middle English godsybbe, godsib (“a close friend or relation, a confidant; a godparent”), from Old English godsibb (“godparent, sponsor”), equivalent to god + sib. Doublet of godsib. For sense evolution to \"gossip, discussing others' personal affairs,\" compare French commérage.", + "sentence": "Be careful what you say to him: he’s a bit of a gossip.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gossip", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gotcha": { + "definition": "An attempt to disprove or refute someone's argument, usually (but not necessarily) in a deceptive or disingenuous way.", + "origin": "From got + -cha.", + "sentence": "The gotcha in your second paragraph needs more developing.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gotcha", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gouge": { + "definition": "A chisel with a curved blade for cutting or scooping channels, grooves, or holes in wood, stone, etc.", + "origin": "From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbiā, from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbi, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”). The English word is cognate with Italian gorbia, gubbia (“ferrule”), Old Breton golb, Old Irish gulba (“beak”), Portuguese goiva, Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”), Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”), Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”), gylyf (“sickle”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "The six most common woodturning tools you should know about are: gouge, skew, parting tool, spear-point, round-nose, and flat-nose.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gouge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1985 April, Rosario Capotosto, “Become a Woodturning Expert: Part One”, in John A. Linkletter, editor, Popular Mechanics, volume 162, number 4, New York, N.Y.: The Hearst Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 104, column 2:" + }, + "graham": { + "definition": "Flour made by grinding wheat berries including the bran.", + "origin": "Named after Sylvester Graham.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/graham", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "grandeur": { + "definition": "The state of being grand or splendid; magnificence.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French grandeur, from Old French grandur, from grant (French grand), from Latin grandis (“grown up, great”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grandeur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "howler": { + "definition": "A person hired to howl in mourning at a funeral.", + "origin": "From howl + -er. Some senses are derivatives of the intensifier \"howling\", as in \"howling wilderness\", (Deuteronomy 32:10)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/howler", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hurriedly": { + "definition": "In a hurried manner.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish hurried\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish hurriedly\nFrom hurried + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hurriedly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "husk": { + "definition": "The dry, leafy or stringy exterior of certain vegetables or fruits, which must be removed before eating the meat inside.", + "origin": "From Middle English huske, husk (“husk”). Perhaps from Old English *husuc, *hosuc (“little covering, sheath”), diminutive of hosu (“pod, shell, husk”), from Proto-West Germanic *hosā, from Proto-Germanic *husǭ (“covering, shell, leggings”), from Proto-Indo-European *kawəs- / kawes- (“cover”). If so, equivalent to hose + -ock.\nAlternatively from Middle Low German hûs(e)ken, hü̂seken (“little house, sheath”), Middle Dutch husekijn (“little house, core of fruit, case”), diminutive of hûs (“house”). Compare Dutch huisje, German Häuschen, both also used for “snailshell”.", + "sentence": "A coconut has a very thick husk.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/husk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "hydra": { + "definition": "A dragon-like creature with many heads and the ability to regrow them when maimed.", + "origin": "After the Hydra, from Greek mythology, which grew two new heads every time one of its heads was cut off. The biology sense alludes to the budding method of asexual reproduction that the hydra practices, similar to growing new heads. The figurative sense refers to how the creature could not be killed by a swift, decisive solution (in contrast to a Gordian knot).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydra", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hydrant": { + "definition": "An outlet from a liquid/fluid main often consisting of an upright pipe with a valve attached from which fluid (e.g. water or fuel) can be tapped.", + "origin": "An irregular formation: hydr- + -ant, originally US English. By surface analysis, hydrate + -ant.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydrant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "habitual": { + "definition": "Of or relating to a habit; established as a habit; performed over and over again; recurrent, recurring.", + "origin": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”), from Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”), from Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); analysable as habit + -ual. Habitus is derived from habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.", + "sentence": "Her habitual lying was the reason for my mistrust.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/habitual", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "haggle": { + "definition": "To argue for a better deal, especially over prices between a buyer and seller.", + "origin": "1570s, \"to cut unevenly\" (implied in haggler), frequentative of Middle English haggen (“to chop”), variant of hacken (“to hack”), equivalent to hack + -le. Sense of \"argue about price\" first recorded c.1600, probably from notion of chopping away.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/haggle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hamlet": { + "definition": "A small settlement or a group of houses, often defined as a settlement smaller than a village.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱey-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóymos\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *tḱéytibf.\nProto-Indo-European *tḱey-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *tḱóymos\nProto-Germanic *haimaz\nFrankish *haimbor.\nOld French ham\nOld French hamel\nOld French hameletbor.\nMiddle English hamlet\nEnglish hamlet\nFrom Middle English hamlet, hamelet, a borrowing from Old French hamelet, diminutive of Old French hamel, in turn diminutive of Old French ham, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *haim, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (whence English home). Equivalent to Middle English ham (“home, village”) + -let (“small”).", + "sentence": "Coal′brookdale, a hamlet of England, co. of Salop, on a railway, 2 miles N. of Broseley, on the Severn.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hamlet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1880, J.B. Lippincott Company, Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World: A Complete Pronouncing Gazetteer Or Geographical Dictionary of the World, Containing Notices of Over One Hundred and Twenty-five Thousand Places, page 510:" + }, + "handle": { + "definition": "An instrument for effecting a purpose (either literally or figuratively); a tool, or an opportunity or pretext.", + "origin": "From Middle English handel, handle, from Old English handle (“handle”), from Proto-West Germanic *handulā (“handle”). See verb below. Cognate with German Hantel (“dumbbell, barbell”), Danish handel (“handle”). Related to hand.", + "sentence": "They overturned him to all his interests by the sure but fatal handle of his own good nature.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/handle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:" + }, + "handyman": { + "definition": "A person who does small tasks and odd jobs, especially building repairs and the like.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *handuz\nProto-West Germanic *handu\nOld English hand\nMiddle English hond\nEnglish hand\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish handy\nProto-Indo-European *mon-\nProto-Germanic *mann-\nProto-West Germanic *mann\nOld English mann\nMiddle English man\nMiddle English -man\nEnglish -man\nEnglish handyman\nFrom handy + -man.", + "sentence": "I complained that the heat was not working, and the landlord sent the handyman to fix it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/handyman", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "hangar": { + "definition": "A large garagelike structure where aircraft are kept.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French hangar (“shed, hangar”), from Middle French hanghart (“enclosure near a house”), from Old French hangart, *hamgart, from Old Frankish *haimgard (“fence around a group of houses”), from *haim (“home, village, hamlet”) + *gard (“yard”). Cognate with Old High German heimgart (“forum”). More at home, yard.", + "sentence": "The plane taxied on over to the hangar for repairs.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hangar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "haphazard": { + "definition": "Random; chaotic; incomplete; not thorough, constant, or consistent.", + "origin": "From archaic hap (“chance, luck”) + hazard.", + "sentence": "Do not make such haphazard changes to the settings; instead, adjust the knobs carefully, a bit at a time.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/haphazard", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "hardtack": { + "definition": "A large, hard biscuit made from unleavened flour and water; formerly used as a long-term staple food aboard ships.", + "origin": "From hard + tack.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hardtack", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "harmonious": { + "definition": "Showing accord in feeling or action.", + "origin": "From Middle French harmonieux; by surface analysis, harmony + -ous.", + "sentence": "The team worked in a harmonious atmosphere, achieving great results.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/harmonious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "harrowing": { + "definition": "Causing pain or distress; harrying.", + "origin": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing.", + "sentence": "Mandelbrot describes this harrowing youth with great sangfroid.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/harrowing", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 January 14, Brian Hayes, “Father of Fractals”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, page 62:" + }, + "hatchet": { + "definition": "A small, light axe with a short handle; a tomahawk.", + "origin": "From Middle English hachet, a borrowing from Old French hachete, diminutive of hache (“axe”), from Vulgar Latin *happia, from Frankish *happjā, from Proto-Germanic *hapjǭ, *habjǭ (“knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *kop- (“to strike, to beat”). Cognate with Old High German happa, heppa, habba (“reaper, sickle”), German Hippe (“billhook”), Dutch heep, hiep (“billhook”), and Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís). Mostly displaced native Old English handæx, whence Modern English hand axe.", + "sentence": "In a word, the Great Father, in England, has raised the hatchet against his American children.”", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hatchet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1843, [James Fenimore Cooper], Wyandotté, or The Hutted Knoll. […], volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, →OCLC, page 117:" + }, + "hazelnut": { + "definition": "The fruit of the hazel, especially of species Corylus avellana, which is grown commercially.", + "origin": "Equivalent to hazel + nut; from Middle English haselnote, from Old English hæselhnutu (“hazelnut”). Cognate with West Frisian hazzenút (“hazelnut”), Saterland Frisian Hoaselnuute (“hazelnut”), Dutch hazelnoot, German Haselnuss.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hazelnut", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "headlong": { + "definition": "With an unrestrained forward motion.", + "origin": "From Middle English hedlong, alteration of hedling, heedling, hevedlynge (“headlong”), assimilated to long. More at headling.", + "sentence": "Figures out today show the economy plunging headlong into recession.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/headlong", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "heavenly": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to Heaven, the eternal celestial abode of God or the gods.", + "origin": "From Middle English hevenely, hevenly, from Old English heofonlīċ (“heavenly, celestial, chaste”), equivalent to heaven + -ly. Cognate with Old Saxon himillīk (“heavenly”), Middle Dutch himellec, hemellijc (“heavenly”), Middle High German himmellich (“heavenly”).", + "sentence": "Heavenly Father, I come to You as Your child, kicking and screaming.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heavenly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "heiress": { + "definition": "A woman who has a right of inheritance or who stands to inherit.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish heir\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ih₂der.\nAncient Greek -ῐᾰ (-ĭă)\nAncient Greek -ισσα (-issa)bor.\nLate Latin -issader.\nOld French -essebor.\nMiddle English -esse\nEnglish -ess\nEnglish heiress\nFrom heir + -ess.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heiress", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "heist": { + "definition": "A robbery or burglary, especially from an institution such as a bank or museum.", + "origin": "Probably pronunciation variation of hoist.", + "sentence": "There is no solid proof Trump approved the heist.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020 April 12, Simon Tisdall, “US's global reputation hits rock-bottom over Trump's coronavirus response”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 27 Apr 2022:" + }, + "hermitage": { + "definition": "A house or dwelling where a hermit lives.", + "origin": "From Middle English hermytage, ermitage, from Old French ermitage, hermitaige, from Latin erēmīta, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐρημίτης (erēmítēs, “hermit”). By surface analysis, hermit + -age.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hermitage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hexagonal": { + "definition": "Having six edges, or having a cross-section in the form of a hexagon.", + "origin": "From hexagon + -al. Piecewise doublet of sexagonal.", + "sentence": "Nuts in engineering are generally hexagonal.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hexagonal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Highlands": { + "definition": "The mountainous northern area of Scotland.", + "origin": "Specific application of highlands, equivalent to high + lands.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Highlands", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hijab": { + "definition": "A traditional headscarf worn by Muslim women, covering the hair and neck.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Arabic حِجَاب (ḥijāb, “veil”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hijab", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hoax": { + "definition": "Anything deliberately intended to deceive or trick.", + "origin": "Reportedly a form of hocus. Possibly from hocus-pocus or Latin iocus (“joke”).\nCompare hokey.", + "sentence": "The phone call to the police about a tiger in a tree turned out to be a hoax.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hoax", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "hobble": { + "definition": "An unsteady, off-balance step.", + "origin": "From Middle English hobblen, hobelen, akin to Middle Dutch hoblen, hobbelen (Modern Dutch hobbelen), Middle High German hoppeln (“to hop, limp, hobble”).", + "sentence": "My sons didn't hobble, I hobbled.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hobble", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017, Sam Shepard, chapter 37, in Spy of the First Person, →ISBN, page 82:" + }, + "hollyhock": { + "definition": "Any of several flowering plants of the genus Alcea in the Malvaceae family.", + "origin": "From Middle English holihocke, holyhokke, holihoc, from holi (“holy”) + hocke, hokke, hoc (“mallow”) (from Old English hoc (“marsh mallow”). The modern hollyhock was probably unknown in England until the 15th century, so usage before then no doubt referred to some other mallow.\nApparently so called for being brought from the Holy Land; compare an old name for it in Medieval Latin cauli Sancti Cuthberti (“St. Cuthbert's cole”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hollyhock", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "homage": { + "definition": "A demonstration of respect, as towards a person after his or her retirement or death.", + "origin": "From Middle English homage, from Old French homage, hommage, from Medieval Latin homināticum (“homage, the service of a vassal or 'man'”), from Latin homō (“a man, in Medieval Latin a vassal”) + -āticum (noun-forming suffix). The American pronunciations in /-ɑːʒ/ and with silent h are due to confusion with the nearly synonymous doublet hommage, which is indeed pronounced /oʊˈmɑːʒ/.", + "sentence": "It’s appropriate that we pay homage to them and the sacrifices they made.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, “New York Times”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):" + }, + "homesteader": { + "definition": "A pioneer who goes and settles on a homestead.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish homestead\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish homesteader\nFrom homestead + -er.", + "sentence": "A drag queen may not comfortably fit the stereotypical homesteader mold.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homesteader", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 March 30, Scottie Andrew, “Queer and trans homesteaders are conquering the social media frontier”, in CNN:" + }, + "homicide": { + "definition": "The killing of one person by another, whether premeditated or unintentional.", + "origin": "From Old French homicide, from Latin homicīda (“man-slayer”) and homicīdium (“manslaughter”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homicide", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "horseradish": { + "definition": "A plant of the mustard family, Armoracia rusticana, cultivated for its edible root.", + "origin": "From horse + radish.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/horseradish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hostile": { + "definition": "Not friendly; appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence or a desire to thwart and injure.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French hostile, from Latin hostīlis, from hostis (“enemy”). Displaced Old English fēondlīċ.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hostile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "iceberg": { + "definition": "A huge mass of ocean-floating ice which has broken off a glacier or ice shelf", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-so-der.\nProto-Germanic *īsą\nProto-West Germanic *īs\nOld English īs\nMiddle English is\nEnglish ice\n▲\nDutch ijsbergpcalq.\nEnglish iceberg\nPartial calque of Dutch ijsberg (compound of ijs (“ice”) + berg (“mountain”)), from Middle Dutch ijsberch. First used to describe a glacier as seen at a distance from a ship then used as a term to describe the floating chunks of ice broken off from such glaciers. Cognate to German Eisberg, Danish isbjerg, Norwegian isberg and Swedish isberg. Figurative senses in reference to the fact that only one-tenth of an iceberg is usually visible above water.", + "sentence": "The Titanic hit an iceberg and sank.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/iceberg", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ignite": { + "definition": "To set fire to (something), to light (something)", + "origin": "From Latin ignītus, past participle of igniō, ignire (“to set on fire, ignite”), from Latin ignis (“fire”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnis, and thus related to Sanskrit अग्नि (agní), Lithuanian ugnis, and Russian ого́нь (ogónʹ).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ignite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "inclusion": { + "definition": "An addition or annex to a group, set, or total.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *kleh₂w-der.\nProto-Italic *klaudō\nLatin claudō\nLatin inclūdō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin inclūsiōbor.\nEnglish inclusion\nBorrowed from Latin inclūsiō, inclūsiōnis, from the verb Latin inclūdō (“to shut in, enclose, insert”), from in- (“in”) + claudō (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”). By surface analysis, include + -sion. Doublet of enclosure.", + "sentence": "The poem was a new inclusion in the textbook.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inclusion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "income": { + "definition": "Money one earns by working or by capitalising on the work of others.", + "origin": "From Middle English income, perhaps continuing (in altered form) Old English incyme (“an in-coming, entrance”), equivalent to in- + come. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Íenkúumen (“income”), West Frisian ynkommen (“income”), Dutch inkomen, inkomst (“income, earnings, gainings”), German Low German Inkumst (“income”), German Einkommen, Einkunft (“income, earnings, competence”), Danish indkomst (“income”), Swedish inkomst (“income”), Icelandic innkváma (“income”).", + "sentence": "Their income disappeared as a little rivulet that is swallowed by the thirsty ground.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/income", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:" + }, + "infiltrate": { + "definition": "Any undesirable substance or group of cells that has made its way into part of the body.", + "origin": "From Middle English infiltrate (adjective), from Medieval Latin infiltrātus, from infiltrō.", + "sentence": "One critical distinction to make is whether a focal corneal infiltrate is infected with bacteria or is a sterile immunologic response.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/infiltrate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008, Jimmy D. Bartlett, Siret D. Jaanus, Clinical Ocular Pharmacology, page 539:" + }, + "infirm": { + "definition": "Weak or ill, not in good health.", + "origin": "* The noun is from Middle English infirme, from Latin infirmus (“weak, feeble”).\n* The verb is from Latin īnfirmāre, from īnfirmus (“sick, weak, infirm”) + -ō.", + "sentence": "There will be special drop-off points at all polling stations for vehicles conveying voters who are sick, infirm, or disabled.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/infirm", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 August 30, “Security Advisory For Polling Day”, in Singapore Police Force, archived from the original on 31 Aug 2023:" + }, + "inflammable": { + "definition": "Capable of burning.", + "origin": "From Middle French inflammable, from Medieval Latin īnflammābilis, from Latin īnflammāre (“to set on fire”), from in (“in, on”) + flamma (“flame”). By surface analysis, inflame + -able, literally “able to be inflamed”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inflammable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "influential": { + "definition": "Having or exerting influence.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin īnfluentiālis, from īnfluentia + -ālis. By surface analysis, influence + -ial.", + "sentence": "John Lennon was a very influential person in music, as well as in politics, fashion and general culture.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/influential", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "inglorious": { + "definition": "Ignominious; disgraceful.", + "origin": "From Latin inglōriōsus. By surface analysis, in- + glorious.", + "sentence": "Resolved to pursue no inglorious career, he turned his eyes toward the East, as affording scope for his spirit of enterprise.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inglorious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1831 October 31, Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, chapter VI, in Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus (Standard Novels; IX), 3rd edition, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 54:" + }, + "insomnia": { + "definition": "A sleeping disorder that is known for its symptoms of unrest and the inability to sleep.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin īnsomnia, from Latin in- (“without”) + somnus (“sleep”, noun) + -ia, equivalent to in- + somn- + -ia.", + "sentence": "My mother suffers from insomnia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/insomnia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "installation": { + "definition": "An act of installing.", + "origin": "From Middle French installation, from Medieval Latin installātiō. By surface analysis, install + -ation. Compare with Piedmontese istallassion.", + "sentence": "The installation of the new software took only a few minutes.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/installation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "intellectual": { + "definition": "Suitable for exercising one's intellect; perceived by the intellect", + "origin": "From Old French intellectuel, from Latin intellectualis.", + "sentence": "Many of us can, with pleasant ease, suspend a severely intellectual task for a few hours to witness a first-class football match.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intellectual", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1916, Joseph McCabe, “Chapter IX”, in The Tyranny of Shams:" + }, + "intensify": { + "definition": "To render more intense.", + "origin": "From intense + -ify. Compare French intensifier.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intensify", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "intertidal": { + "definition": "Pertaining to the part of a shore between the high water and the low water.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁n̥tér\nProto-Italic *n̥ter\nLatin inter\nLatin inter-bor.\nEnglish inter-\nEnglish tidal\nEnglish intertidal\nFrom inter- + tidal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intertidal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "intricate": { + "definition": "Having a great deal of fine detail or complexity.", + "origin": "From Middle English intricat(e) (“entangled, intricate”), from Latin intrīcātus, perfect passive participle of intricō, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "The architecture of this clock is very intricate.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intricate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "irrigation": { + "definition": "The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French irrigation, from Latin irrigatio.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/irrigation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "irritability": { + "definition": "The state or quality of being irritable; quick excitability.", + "origin": "From Latin irritabilitās, equivalent to irritable + -ity.", + "sentence": "And as little as 1 milligram of yellow dye No. 5 may cause irritability, restlessness and sleep disturbances for sensitive children.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/irritability", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 March 29, Kristen Rogers, “Over half of US states are trying to eliminate food dyes. Here’s what you can do now”, in CNN:" + }, + "island": { + "definition": "A contiguous area of land, smaller than a continent, totally surrounded by water.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ékʷeh₂\nProto-Germanic *awjō\nProto-Indo-European *lendʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Germanic *landą\nProto-Germanic *awjōlandą\nProto-West Germanic *auwjuland\nOld English īeġland\nMiddle English ilond\nEnglish iland\nEnglish island\nFrom earlier iland, from Middle English iland, yland, ylond, from Old English īeġland, from Proto-West Germanic *auwjuland, from Proto-Germanic *awjōlandą (from Proto-Germanic *awjō (“island, waterland, meadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂) + *landą (“land”), equivalent to ey + land.\nDoublet of Öland. Cognate with Scots island, iland, yland (“island”), West Frisian eilân (“island”), Saterland Frisian Ailound (“island”), Dutch eiland (“island”), Low German Eiland (“island”), German Eiland (“island”), Swedish ö (“island”), Öland (“Sweden's second largest island”), Danish ø (“island”), Norwegian øy (“island”), øyland (“large island”), Icelandic eyland (“island”).\nThe insertion of ⟨s⟩—a 16th century spelling modification—is due to a change in spelling to the unrelated term isle, which previously lacked s (cf. Middle English ile, yle). The re-addition was mistakenly carried over to include iland as well. Related also to German Aue (“water-meadow”), Latin aqua (“water”). More at ea.", + "sentence": "Sumatra is the second largest island in the East Indies and the fourth largest in the world covering 182,859 square miles.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/island", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002, Gordon L. Rottman, World War 2 Pacific island guide:" + }, + "isolation": { + "definition": "The state of being isolated, detached, or separated; the state of being away from other people.", + "origin": "First attested in 1800. From French isolation, from isolé, placed on an island (thus away from other people). Equivalent to isolate + -ion.", + "sentence": "She lived her final year in complete isolation, not wanting to see anybody.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/isolation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "jammer": { + "definition": "Any device used to jam radio reception.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish jam\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish jammer\nFrom jam + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jammer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jersey": { + "definition": "A shirt worn by a member of an athletic team, usually oversized, typically depicting the athlete's name and team number as well as the team's logotype.", + "origin": "From a typical fisherman's sweater used on the island of Jersey.", + "sentence": "A young boy was wearing a Manchester City Erling Haaland jersey.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jersey", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "jitterbug": { + "definition": "A nervous or jittery person.", + "origin": "From jitter + bug, after the 1934 Cab Calloway song “Jitter Bug”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jitterbug", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "joinery": { + "definition": "A factory producing wooden products such as tables, doors, and cabinets.", + "origin": "From joiner + -y; see also -ery.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/joinery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "junior": { + "definition": "Low in rank; having a subordinate role, job, or situation.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin junior, a contraction of iuvenior (“younger”) which is the comparative of iuvenis (“young”); see juvenile.", + "sentence": "He uses the leverage of seniority with the more junior employees.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/junior", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "kazoo": { + "definition": "A simple musical instrument (a membranophone) consisting of a pipe with a hole in it, producing a buzzing sound when the player hums into it.", + "origin": "Probably onomatopoeic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kazoo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kennel": { + "definition": "A facility at which dogs are reared or boarded.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *ḱwṓ\nFrom Middle English kenel, kenell, borrowed from Anglo-Norman *kenil, northern variant of Old French chenil, from Vulgar Latin *canīle, from Latin canis.", + "sentence": "The town dog-catcher operates the kennel for strays.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kennel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "kenning": { + "definition": "A metaphorical compound or phrase, used especially in Germanic poetry (Old English or Old Norse) whereby a simple thing is described in an allusive way.", + "origin": "A learned borrowing from Old Norse kenning, from kenna (“to know; to perceive”), from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną (“to make known”); see further at etymology 1. Compare can, keen, ken.", + "sentence": "I venture to say that a close study of the style of Piers Plowman would thoroughly dispose of alliteration as chief factor in the kenning-process.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kenning", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1887 January, Francis B. Gummere, “Wilhelm Bode: Die Kenningar in der angelsächsen Dichtung. Mit Ausblicken auf andere Litteraturen. Darmstadt und Leipzig, 1886. [Strasburg Dissertation].”, in A. Marshall Elliott, editor, Modern Language Notes, volume II, number 1, Baltimore, Md.: [Johns Hopkins Press], →ISSN, →OCLC, column 36:" + }, + "kernel": { + "definition": "The central part of many computer operating systems which manages the system's resources and the communication between hardware and software components.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-nóm\nProto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂-nós\nProto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm\nProto-Germanic *kurną\nProto-West Germanic *korn\nProto-Indo-European *-lósder.\nProto-Germanic *-ilaz\nProto-West Germanic *-il\nProto-West Germanic *kurnil\nOld English cyrnel\nMiddle English kirnel\nEnglish kernel\nFrom Middle English kernel, kirnel, kürnel, from Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kurną (“seed, grain, corn”), equivalent to corn + -le. Cognate with Yiddish קערנדל (kerndl), Middle Dutch kernel, cornel, Middle High German kornel. Related also to Old Norse kjarni (“kernel”).", + "sentence": "The Linux kernel is open-source.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kernel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "kilt": { + "definition": "To gather up (skirts) around the body.", + "origin": "From Middle English kilten (“to tuck up, gird”), apparently from North Germanic, ultimately from Old Norse kelta, kjalta (“skirt; lap”). Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *kelt-, *kelþǭ, *kilþį̄ (“womb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“round body; child”). Cognate with Danish kilte (“to tuck”), Swedish kilta (“to swathe”). Related to English child.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kilt", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kindred": { + "definition": "A household or group following the modern pagan faith of Heathenry or Ásatrú.", + "origin": "From Middle English kyndrede, from older kynrede (“kindred”), from Old English *cynrēd, *cynrǣden (“kindred, family, stock”), from cynn (“kind, kin, lineage”) + -rǣden (“condition, state”). Equivalent to kin + -red, see these. The -d- is epenthetic between a nasal and a liquid (as e.g. in spindle).", + "sentence": "Your chosen kindred or other group is a Venn circle that contains you, but it may not be the same circle as your family.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kindred", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 November 8, Patricia M. Lafayllve, A Practical Heathen's Guide to Asatru, Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN, page 117:" + }, + "kiwi": { + "definition": "A flightless bird of the order Apterygiformes native to New Zealand.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *kiuk\nProto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *kiuk\nProto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *kiuk\nProto-Oceanic *kiuk\nProto-Polynesian *kiu\nMāori kiwibor.\nEnglish kiwi\nBorrowed from Māori kiwi.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kiwi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "knight": { + "definition": "An armored and mounted warrior of the Middle Ages.", + "origin": "From Middle English knight, knyght, kniht, from Old English cniht (“boy; servant, knight”), from Proto-West Germanic *kneht.", + "sentence": "There are two tombs, each bearing effigies of a knight and his lady.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/knight", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 54:" + }, + "knoll": { + "definition": "A small mound or rounded hill.", + "origin": "From Middle English knol, knolle, from Old English cnoll (“summit”), from Proto-Germanic *knudan-, *knudla-, *knulla- (“lump”), possibly related to cnotta.\nRelated to Old Norse knollr (found only in names of places), Dutch knol (“tuber”), Swedish knöl (“tuber”), Danish knold (“hillock, clod, tuber”) and German Knolle (“bulb”).", + "sentence": "On knoll or hillock rears his crest, / Lonely and huge, the giant oak.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/knoll", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1813, Walter Scott, “Canto Second”, in Rokeby; a Poem, Edinburgh: […] [F]or John Ballantyne and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown; by James Ballantyne and Co., […], →OCLC, stanza VI, pages 62-63:" + }, + "kodak": { + "definition": "A camera: a device for taking still photographs.", + "origin": "Genericized trademark of Kodak.", + "sentence": "An American girl snapped her Kodak.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kodak", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011, Simon Sebag Montefiore, Jerusalem: The Biography – A History of the Middle East, page 466:" + }, + "kudos": { + "definition": "Praise; accolades.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κῦδος (kûdos, “praise, renown”).", + "sentence": "The talented, young playwright received much kudos for his new drama.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kudos", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "lactose": { + "definition": "The disaccharide sugar of milk and dairy products, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, a product of glucose and galactose used as a food and in medicinal compounds.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French lactose, from Latin lac (“milk”) + -ose (derivation of glucose). Coined by French chemist Marcelin Berthelot.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lactose", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "languish": { + "definition": "To lose strength and become weak; to be in a state of weakness or sickness.", + "origin": "From Middle English languysshen, from the present participle stem of Anglo-Norman and Middle French languir, from Late Latin languīre, alteration of Latin languēre (“to be faint, unwell”).\n: Compare languor, languid and lax.\n: Cognate with slack.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/languish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lapel": { + "definition": "Each of the two triangular pieces of cloth on the front of a jacket or coat that are folded back below the throat, leaving a triangular opening between.", + "origin": "From lap + -el (“diminutive suffix”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lapel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lateral": { + "definition": "Situated on one side or other of the body or of an organ, especially in the region furthest from the median plane.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin laterālis (“belonging to the side”), from latus (“the side or flank”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).", + "sentence": "The medial side of the knee faces the other knee, while the outer side of the knee is lateral.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lateral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "lawyer": { + "definition": "A professional person qualified (as by a law degree or bar exam) and authorized to practice law as an attorney-at-law, solicitor, advocate, barrister or equivalent, i.e. represent parties in lawsuits or trials and give legal advice.", + "origin": "From Middle English lawiere, lawier, lawer, equivalent to law + -yer.", + "sentence": "Wells was a pleasant man of middle-age, with keen eyes, and the typical lawyer’s mouth.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lawyer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1920, Agatha Christie, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, London: Pan Books, published 1954, page 59:" + }, + "league": { + "definition": "A group or association of cooperating members.", + "origin": "From Middle English liege, ligg, lige (“a pact between governments, an agreement, alliance”), from Middle French ligue, from Italian lega, from the verb legare, from Latin ligō (“to tie”).", + "sentence": "And let there be / 'Twixt us and them no league, nor amity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/league", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1668, John Denham, The Passion of Dido for Aeneas:" + }, + "leaven": { + "definition": "Anything that induces change, especially a corrupting or vitiating change.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *h₁léngʰusder.\n▲\nProto-Italic *breɣʷisinflu.?\nProto-Italic *leɣʷis\nLatin levis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin levō\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Italic *-mn̥\nLatin -men\nVulgar Latin *levāmender.\nOld French levainbor.\nMiddle English levayn\nEnglish leaven\nFrom Middle English levayn, borrowed from Old French levain, from Vulgar Latin *levāmen, a noun based on Latin levō (“raise”).", + "sentence": "Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leaven", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 8:15:" + }, + "leeway": { + "definition": "A varying degree or amount of freedom or flexibility.", + "origin": "From lee (“side away from the wind”) + way.", + "sentence": "I don't think we have a lot of leeway when it comes to proper formatting.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leeway", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "legacy": { + "definition": "Something inherited from a predecessor or the past.", + "origin": "From Middle English legacie, from Old French legacie and Medieval Latin lēgātia, from Latin lēgātum. Compare legatee.\nThe boardgame sense was coined by game designer Rob Daviau in 2011 with the game Risk Legacy.", + "sentence": "John Muir left as his legacy an enduring spirit of respect for the environment.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/legacy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "legislature": { + "definition": "A governmental body with the power to make, amend and repeal laws.", + "origin": "1676, from stem of legislator + -ure, cognate with French législature.", + "sentence": "The state legislature passed a new education bill.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/legislature", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "legitimately": { + "definition": "In a legitimate manner, properly, fair and square.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish legitimate\nProto-Indo-European *leyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *līkąder.\nProto-Germanic *-līkaz\nProto-Germanic *-ê\nProto-Germanic *-līkê\nProto-West Germanic *-līkē\nOld English -līċe\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish legitimately\nFrom legitimate + -ly.", + "sentence": "Later, when we played King's Quest 2, I remember being legitimately terrified while inside Dracula's castle.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/legitimately", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004 September 2, Emily Morganti, quoting Matthew Chapman, “Peasant’s Quest”, in adventuregamers.com, archived from the original on 23 Sep 2010:" + }, + "leisure": { + "definition": "Free time, time free from work or duties.", + "origin": "From Middle English leyser, from Anglo-Norman leisir, variant of Old French loisir (“to enjoy oneself”) (Modern French loisir survives as a noun), substantive use of a verb, from Latin licēre (“be permitted”). Displaced native Old English ǣmetta.", + "sentence": "The desire of leisure is much more natural than of business and care.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leisure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1672, William Temple, An Essay Upon the Original and Nature of Government:" + }, + "lettuce": { + "definition": "An edible plant, Lactuca sativa and its close relatives, having a head of green or purple leaves.", + "origin": "From Middle English letuse, of uncertain precise origin, probably from the plural form Old French laitues, derived from Latin lactūca (“lettuce”), from lac (“milk”), because of the milky fluid in its stalks. Replaced Old English lēahtric.\n(money): Likely from the green color of US banknotes.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lettuce", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lexicon": { + "definition": "A set of vocabulary specific to a certain subject.", + "origin": "Through Middle French or directly from New Latin lexicon, from Byzantine Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “a lexicon, a dictionary”), ellipsis from Ancient Greek λεξικὸν βιβλίον (lexikòn biblíon, literally “a book of words”), from λεξικός (lexikós, “of words”), from λέξις (léxis, “a saying, speech, word”), from λέγω (légō, “to speak”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather, collect”).\nAttested at least since 1583 (in William Fulke's A Defense of the Sincere and True Translations of the Holy Scriptures into the English tongue) in the sense 'a dictionary of a classical language'.", + "sentence": "Turns, twists, walks, runs, falls, and somersaults, along with many other movements, are the specific vocabularic elements which make up the lexicon of dance.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002, Robert Wuthnow, Vocabularies Of Public Life, page 171:" + }, + "liege": { + "definition": "A king or lord.", + "origin": "From Middle English liege, lege, lige, from Anglo-Norman lige, from Old French liege (“liege, free”), from Middle High German ledic, ledec (“free, empty, vacant”) (Modern German ledig (“unmarried”)) from Proto-Germanic *liþugaz (“flexible, free, unoccupied”).\nAkin to Old Frisian leþeg, leþoch (“free”), Old English liþiġ (“flexible”), Old Norse liðugr (“free, unhindered”), Old Saxon lethig (“idle”), Low German leddig (“empty”), Middle Dutch ledich (“idle, unemployed”) (Dutch ledig (“empty”) and leeg (“empty”)), Middle English lethi (“unoccupied, at leisure”).\nAn alternate etymology traces the Old French word to Late Latin laeticus (“of or relating to a semifree colonist in Gaul”), from Latin laetus (“a semi-free colonist”), from Gothic *𐌻𐌴𐍄𐍃 (*lēts) (attested in derivatives such as 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐍄𐍃 (fralēts)), from Proto-Germanic *lētaz (“freeman; bondsman, serf”), from *lētaną (“to let; free; release”).", + "sentence": "More health and happiness betide my liege / Than can my care-tuned tongue deliver him!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liege", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act 3, scene 2]:" + }, + "ligament": { + "definition": "A band of strong tissue that connects bones to other bones.", + "origin": "From Middle English ligament, from Latin ligāmentum, from ligō (“tie, bind”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ligament", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "limelight": { + "definition": "The intense white light produced when heating lime in an oxyhydrogen flame.", + "origin": "From lime + light.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/limelight", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "linguistics": { + "definition": "The systematic and scholarly study of language.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s\nProto-Italic *dn̥ɣwā\nLatin dingua\nLatin lingua\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nEnglish linguist\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nOld English -as\nMiddle English -es\nEnglish -s\nEnglish -ics\nEnglish linguistics\nFrom linguist + -ics, akin to linguistic and Latin linguisticus, coined by English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell in 1847 from German Linguistik.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/linguistics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "literally": { + "definition": "Without overstatement or understatement, or false or misleading words.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂leyH-der.\nOld Latin leitera\nLatin līterader.?\nProto-Hellenic *dipʰtʰérā?\nAncient Greek διφθέρᾱ (diphthérā)bor.\nEtruscan [Term?]bor.?\nLatin littera\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLate Latin litterālisbor.\nOld French literalbor.\nMiddle English literal\nProto-Indo-European *leyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *līkąder.\nProto-Germanic *-līkaz\nProto-Germanic *-ê\nProto-Germanic *-līkê\nProto-West Germanic *-līkē\nOld English -līċe\nMiddle English -ly\nMiddle English litteraly\nEnglish literally\nFrom Middle English litteraly. See literal and letter. By surface analysis, literal + -ly.", + "sentence": "He's prone to exaggeration, so don't take what he says literally.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/literally", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "livid": { + "definition": "Pale, pallid.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)leh₃y-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-der.\nProto-Italic *slīwēō\nLatin līveō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin līvidusder.\nMiddle French lividebor.\nMiddle English livid\nEnglish livid\nFrom Middle English livid, livide, from Old French livide, from Latin līvidus (“bluish, livid; envious”), from līveō (“be of a bluish color or livid; envy”), from Proto-Italic *sliwēō, from Proto-Indo-European *sliwo-, suffixed form of *(s)leh₃y- (“bluish”). See also Old English slā (“sloe”), Welsh lliw (“splendor, color”), Old Irish li, Lithuanian slyvas (“plum”), and Russian and Old Church Slavonic слива (sliva, “plum”).", + "sentence": "I'm livid; a deathly pale light floods my face and I emanate a different smell.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/livid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014, Francesco Verso, Livid, Surry Hills, N.S.W.: Xoum Publishing, →ISBN:" + }, + "lucky": { + "definition": "Favoured by luck; fortunate; having good success or good fortune.", + "origin": "From Middle English lukky, equivalent to luck + -y. Cognate with Scots lucky (“lucky”), West Frisian lokkich (“lucky, fortunate”), Dutch gelukkig (“lucky, fortunate, happy”). Compare also Danish lykkelig (“happy”), Swedish lycklig (“happy, lucky”), German glücklich (“happy”), Saterland Frisian glukkelk (“happy”).", + "sentence": "The downed pilot is very lucky to be alive.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lucky", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "lumbar": { + "definition": "Related to the lower back or loin, specifically the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.", + "origin": "From Latin lumbāris, from lumbus (“loin”) + -āris. See loin.", + "sentence": "The lumbar spine supports the upper body and transmits the weight of the upper body to the pelvis and lower limbs.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lumbar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008, David J. Magee, Orthopedic Physical Assessment, 5th edition, page 515:" + }, + "luminance": { + "definition": "The quality of being luminous.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/luminance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lupine": { + "definition": "Wolfish (all senses); wolflike.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin lupīnus, from lupus (“wolf”) + -īnus (“pertaining to”). Doublet of lupin and piecewise doublet of wolven, Latin lupus being a cognate of wolf and -ine being a doublet of -en.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lupine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "macaw": { + "definition": "Any of various parrots of the genera Ara, Anodorhynchus, Cyanopsitta, Orthopsittaca, Primolius and Diopsittaca of Central and South America, including the largest parrots and characterized by long sabre-shaped tails, curved powerful bills, and usually brilliant plumage.", + "origin": "From Portuguese macau, of unknown origin. English sources point to Nheengatu makawana, which is only attested from the 20th century onwards.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macaw", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "macrobiotics": { + "definition": "The art or science of prolonging life, of living a long life.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *meh₂ḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós\nProto-Hellenic *makrós\nAncient Greek μᾰκρός (măkrós)der.\nFrench macro-der.\nEnglish macro-\nEnglish biotics\nEnglish macrobiotics\nFrom macro- + biotics.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macrobiotics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "madrigal": { + "definition": "A song for a small number of unaccompanied voices; from 13th century Italy.", + "origin": "From Italian madrigale, from Latin mātrīcālis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/madrigal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "magician": { + "definition": "A person who plays with or practices allegedly supernatural magic.", + "origin": "From Middle English magicien, from Middle French magicien.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/magician", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mahogany": { + "definition": "The valuable wood of any of various tropical American evergreen trees, of the genus Swietenia, mostly used to make furniture.", + "origin": "A word of unknown origin, concocted in either English or Middle Dutch from one or more exotic phytonyms and common European words.\nalternative etymologies\nAlternatively from Portuguese mogano, mógono, obsolete forms of mogno, itself of unknown origin (often suggested to be from the English word instead of the reverse), perhaps from an extinct indigenous language, such as a Mayan language originally spoken in Honduras or a South American language, but no known cognates survive. Another theory attempts to link Yoruba moganwo (“trees”, literally “tall ones”), but this has been criticized.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mahogany", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "maidenhair": { + "definition": "A woman's pubic hair.", + "origin": "From maiden + hair.", + "sentence": "His fingers tore at her maidenhair.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maidenhair", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1979, Georgianna Bell, Passionate Jade, page 326:" + }, + "maize": { + "definition": "Corn; a type of grain of the species Zea mays.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish maíz, from Taíno *mahis, *mahisi, from Proto-Arawak *marikɨ. Cognate with Lokono marisi, Wayuu maiki.", + "sentence": "A fundamental creative act of American man was the development of maize.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maize", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1972, Lytle Robinson, chapter 5, in Edgar Cayceʼs Story of the Origin and Destiny of Man, USA: Berkley Publishing Corporation, page 106:" + }, + "manacle": { + "definition": "A shackle for the wrist, usually consisting of a pair of joined rings; a handcuff; (by extension) a similar device put around an ankle to restrict free movement.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Middle English manacle, manakelle, manakil, manakyll, manicle, manikil, manycle, manykil, manykle, from Anglo-Norman manicle, manichle (“gauntlet; handle of a plough; (in plural) manacles”), and Middle French manicle, Old French manicle (“armlet; gauntlet; (in plural) manacles”) (modern French manicle, manique (“gauntlet”)), from Latin manicula (“handle of a plough; manacle”), from manus (“hand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon, signal”)) + -cula (from -culus, variant of -ulus (suffix forming diminutive nouns)). Doublet of manicle and manicule.\nThe verb is probably derived from the noun, although according to the Oxford English Dictionary it is attested slightly earlier.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manacle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mandate": { + "definition": "The order or authority to do something, as granted to a politician by the electorate.", + "origin": "First attested in 1521; borrowed from Latin mandātum (“a charge, order, command, commission, injunction”), substantivized from the neuter forms of mandātus, perfect passive participle of mandō (“to commit to one's charge, order, command, commission, literally to put into one's hands”) (see -ate (noun-forming suffix)), from manus (“hand”) + -dere (“to put”).\nSense 3 in Canadian English is likely a semantic loan from French mandat.", + "sentence": "Polk both regarded the election results as a mandate for the annexation of Texas.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mandate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002, Leroy G. Dorsey, The Presidency and Rhetorical Leadership, Texas A&M University Press, →ISBN, page 30:" + }, + "manta": { + "definition": "A kind of fabric or blanket used in Latin America and southwestern United States.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish manta (“blanket”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manta", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mantra": { + "definition": "The hymn portions of the Vedas; any passage of these used as a prayer.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Sanskrit मन्त्र (mantra), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mántras, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”). Related to mind.", + "sentence": "This mantra is also known as Guru Mantra or Savitri Mantra.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mantra", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2001, Gautam Chatterjee, Sacred Hindu Symbols, Abhinav Publications, →ISBN, page 36:" + }, + "marathon": { + "definition": "Any extended or sustained activity.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nPre-Greekbor.?\nAncient Greek μάραθον (márathon)\nAncient Greek -ών (-ṓn)\nAncient Greek Μαραθών (Marathṓn)lbor.\nFrench marathonubor.\nEnglish marathon\nFrom French marathon, coined in 1894 by linguist Michel Bréal for the first modern time Olympic Games after Ancient Greek Μαραθών (Marathṓn), a town northeast of Athens. Phidippides the Greek ran the distance from Marathon to Athens to deliver a message regarding the Battle of Marathon. The modern sport of marathon running is based on a run approximately the same distance. The toponym itself comes from μάραθον (márathon, “fennel”) and refers to the prevalence of the plant in the area.", + "sentence": "He had a cleaning marathon the night before his girlfriend came over.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marathon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "maritime": { + "definition": "Relating to or connected with the sea or its uses (as navigation, commerce, etc.).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French maritime, from Latin maritimus.", + "sentence": "I enjoy maritime activities such as yachting and deep sea diving.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maritime", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "martial": { + "definition": "Of, relating to, or suggestive of war; warlike.", + "origin": "From Middle English martial, marcial, mercial, mercialle (“relating to war, warlike; military; for use in fighting or warfare; brave, hardy; combative, fierce; ruthless, vicious; domineering, overbearing”), from Middle French martial (modern French martial (“martial”)), or directly from its etymon Latin mārtiālis (“of or pertaining to Mars, the Roman god of war”), from Mārtius (“of or pertaining to Mars”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). The English word is cognate with Italian marziale (“martial”), Portuguese marcial (“martial”), Spanish marcial (“martial”).", + "sentence": "But peaceful Kings, o'r martial people ſet, / Each others poize and counter-ballance are.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/martial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis: The Year of Wonders, 1666. […], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, stanza 12, page 4:" + }, + "mastiff": { + "definition": "One of an old breed of powerful, deep-chested, and smooth-coated dogs, used chiefly as watchdogs and guard dogs.", + "origin": "From Middle English mastif, mastyf, an aberrant derivation (with influence from Old French mestif) from Old French mastin (modern French mâtin), from Vulgar Latin *mansuetinus (“tamed (animal)”), from Latin mansuetus (“tamed”).", + "sentence": "Be thy mouth or black or white, Tooth that poisons if it bite; Mastiff, greyhound, mongrel grim, Hound or spaniel, brach or him.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mastiff", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:" + }, + "maternity": { + "definition": "A ward or department in a hospital in which babies are born.", + "origin": "From French maternité, from Latin māternitās.", + "sentence": "She's working in maternity this month.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maternity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "matrimony": { + "definition": "Marriage; the state of being married.", + "origin": "From Old French matremoine, from Latin mātrimōnium (“marriage, wedlock”), from mātri(s) (“mother”) + -mōnium (“obligation”). By surface analysis, matri- + -mony. Compare patrimony.", + "sentence": "If either of you know any impediment, why ye may not be lawfully joined together in matrimony, ye do now confess it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/matrimony", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1549 March 7, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC:" + }, + "mauve": { + "definition": "A pale purple or violet colour, like the colour of the dye after it has faded.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French mauve (“mallow”), from Latin malva, which has a purple colour. Doublet of mallow. Coined in 1856 by the chemist William Henry Perkin, when he accidentally created the first aniline dye.", + "sentence": "Never trust a woman who wears mauve, whatever her age may be, or a woman over thirty-five who is fond of pink ribbons.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mauve", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London; New York, N.Y.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 151:" + }, + "maverick": { + "definition": "Unbranded.", + "origin": "Named after Texan lawyer and politician Samuel Maverick (1803–1870), who refused to brand his cattle. For probable origin and meaning, see Maverick.\nThe poker noun sense (“a queen and a jack as a starting hand in Texas hold ’em”) may be from the theme song of the US Western television series Maverick (1957–1962), which says of the eponymous protagonist that “[g]amblin’ is his game” and that he is “livin’ on jacks and queens”.", + "sentence": "But I would rather have maverick cattle, they are more accustomed to range conditions.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maverick", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1963, Harry T. Getty, The San Carlos Indian Cattle Industry (Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona; no. 7), Tucson, Ariz.: University of Arizona Press, →OCLC, page 65:" + }, + "maximum": { + "definition": "To the highest degree.", + "origin": "Via French from Latin maximum.", + "sentence": "Use the proper dose for the maximum effect.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maximum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "mayhem": { + "definition": "The criminal offence of maiming a person by depriving them of the use of any of their limbs.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Late Middle English mayehem, maihem, a late form of maym, maim (“disfigurement, injury, mutilation; disfigured person”) (whence modern English maim (noun)), from Anglo-Norman mahaim, mahainne (“mutilation”), and Old French mehaing, meshaing (“bodily harm, loss of limb”).\nThe verb is partly:\n* from Late Middle English mahaym, maheyme, a late form of maimen, maymen (“to injure seriously, mutilate, maim; to damage; to destroy; to afflict with disease; to dispossess”) (whence modern English maim (verb)), from Anglo-Norman mahaigner, mahimer, Middle French mehaignier, and Old French mehaingner, meshaignier (“to destroy; to harm; to injure, maim”); and\n* from the modern English noun.\nThe etymology of the Old French words is uncertain; they are possibly from Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to damage; to hurt; to change; to exchange”) (compare Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maidjan, “to alter, falsify”); Middle High German meidem, meiden (“gelding”); Old Norse meiða (“to injure”)), from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to change; to exchange; etc.”), possibly from *mey- (“to change; to exchange”). If so, the English word is a doublet of mad.", + "sentence": "There is a story told of a case where a notorious character was charged with the unusual crime of \"mayhem\"—biting off another man's finger.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mayhem", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1906, Arthur [Cheney] Train, “Tricks of the Trade”, in The Prisoner at the Bar: Sidelights on the Administration of Criminal Justice, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 316:" + }, + "measly": { + "definition": "Small (especially contemptibly small) in amount.", + "origin": "From measle (“singular of measles”) + -y; the word measle is either from Middle Dutch masel (“a blister filled with blood; a pustule, a skin blemish”), or Middle Low German masel (“a red skin blemish”), from Proto-Germanic *masuraz (“a knot or scar in wood; a knarl”), from *mas-, *mēs- (“a spot; a sore; a scar”), from Proto-Indo-European *mos- (“a skin sore”).", + "sentence": "For one whole day's work all I was given was twenty measly pounds.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/measly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "medallion": { + "definition": "A large medal, usually decorative.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin mediālis\nEarly Medieval Latin medālia\nItalian medagliabor.\nFrench médaille\nFrench -on\nFrench médaillonbor.\nEnglish medallion\nBorrowed from French médaillon.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/medallion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "melody": { + "definition": "A sequence of notes that makes up a musical phrase.", + "origin": "From Middle English melodie, melodye, from Old French melodie, from Latin melodia, from Ancient Greek μελῳδίᾱ (melōidíā, “singing, chanting”), from μέλος (mélos, “musical phrase”) + ἀοιδή (aoidḗ, “song”), contracted form ᾠδή (ōidḗ).", + "sentence": "There is a melody upon the Earth as though ten thousand streams all sang together for their homes that they had forsaken in the hills.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/melody", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], “The Sayings of Slid (whose Soul is by the Sea)”, in The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 15:" + }, + "melted": { + "definition": "Being in a liquid state as a result of melting.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Melted ice cream just isn't as much fun to eat.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/melted", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "membership": { + "definition": "The state of being a member of a group or organization.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish member\nProto-Germanic *skapjaną\nProto-Germanic *-skapiz\nProto-West Germanic *-skapi\nOld English -sċiepe\nMiddle English -schipe\nEnglish -ship\nEnglish membership\nFrom member + -ship.", + "sentence": "The terms of membership agreement were vague.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/membership", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "memorandum": { + "definition": "A short note serving as a reminder.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin memorandum, neuter of memorandus (“to be remembered”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/memorandum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "menial": { + "definition": "Of or relating to work normally performed by a servant.", + "origin": "From Middle English meyneal, from Anglo-Norman mesnal, from maisnee (“household”), from Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta, from Latin mānsiō (“house”).", + "sentence": "It delighted him to perform menial offices.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/menial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1915, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter LXX, in Of Human Bondage, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC:" + }, + "merchandise": { + "definition": "Goods which are or were offered or intended for sale.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAnglo-Norman marchaundisebor.\nLatin mercātus\nVulgar Latin *mercātāntem\nVulgar Latin *mercātāntem\nOld French marcheant\nOld French -ise\nOld French marcheandisebor.\nMiddle English marchaundise\nEnglish merchandise\nFrom Middle English marchaundise (“commerce, trading; buying; business transaction, deal; merchandise, goods, wares; possessions”), from Anglo-Norman marchaundise and Old French marcheandise (modern French marchandise), from Old French marcheant (“seller, vendor”) (ultimately from Latin mercātus (“buying and selling, trade, traffic; market; marketplace”), possibly originally Etruscan) + -ise (suffix forming feminine nouns, often denoting a quality or state). The English word is analysable as merchant + -ise.", + "sentence": "Good business depends on having good merchandise.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/merchandise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "merely": { + "definition": "Without any other reason etc.; only, just, and nothing more.", + "origin": "From Middle English mereli, equivalent to mere + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/merely", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Merlin": { + "definition": "A wizard in the Arthurian legend.", + "origin": "From Middle English Merlyn, from Medieval Latin Merlinus and Old French Merlin, from Proto-Brythonic *Mor-ðin (literally “sea-hill”), from Proto-Celtic *mori (“sea”) + *dūnom (“stronghold, rampart”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Merlin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "meteor": { + "definition": "An atmospheric or meteorological phenomenon. These were sometimes classified as aerial or airy meteors (winds), aqueous or watery meteors (hydrometeors: clouds, rain, snow, hail, dew, frost), luminous meteors (rainbows and aurora), and igneous or fiery meteors (lightning and shooting stars).", + "origin": "From Middle French météore, from Old French, from Latin meteorum, from Ancient Greek μετέωρον (metéōron), from μετέωρος (metéōros, “raised from the ground, hanging, lofty”), from μετά (metá, “in the midst of, among, between”) (English meta) + ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, to heave, to raise up”).\nThe original sense of “atmospheric phenomenon” gave rise to meteorology, but the meaning of \"meteor\" is now restricted to extraterrestrial objects burning up as they enter the atmosphere.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meteor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "metrical": { + "definition": "Relating to poetic meter.", + "origin": "From New Latin metricus + -al.\nFor sense 4: Compare Russian метри́ческий (metríčeskij).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metrical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Michigander": { + "definition": "A native or resident of the state of Michigan in the United States of America.", + "origin": "]\nAttributed to Abraham Lincoln, in a speech of July 27, 1848, as pejorative reference to Lewis Cass, Michigan politician:\n: There is one entire article of the sort I have not discussed yet; I mean the military tale you Democrats are now engaged in dovetailing onto the great Michigander.\nOstensibly coined as a blend of Michigan + gander (“male goose, simpleton”) (punning on “tale” and “(dove)tail(ing)”). Alternatively from and/or later reanalyzed as Michigan + -d- (epenthetic) + -er (“resident of”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Michigander", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "millionaire": { + "definition": "Somebody whose wealth is at least one million (10⁶) currency units (usually understood to exclude holders of hyperinflated currencies).", + "origin": "From French millionnaire. By surface analysis, million + -aire.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/millionaire", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mince": { + "definition": "Finely chopped meat; minced meat.", + "origin": "From Middle English mincen, minsen; partly from Old English minsian, ġeminsian (“to make less, make smaller, diminish”), from Proto-West Germanic *minnisōn, from Proto-Germanic *minnisōną (“to make less”); partly from Old French mincer, mincier (“to cut into small pieces”), from mince (“slender, slight, puny”), from Frankish *minsto, *minnisto, superlative of *min, *minn (“small, less”), from Proto-Germanic *minniz (“less”); both from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“small, little”). Cognate with Old Saxon minsōn (“to make less, make smaller”), Old Dutch minson (“to make smaller”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌶𐌽𐌰𐌽 (minznan, “to become less, diminish”), Swedish minska (“to reduce, lessen”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (mins, “slender, slight”). More at min.", + "sentence": "Mince tastes really good fried in a pan with some chopped onion and tomato.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mince", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "minutia": { + "definition": "A minor detail, often of negligible importance.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin minutia, from minūtus (“small, little”), from minuō (“make smaller”). By surface analysis, minute + -ia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/minutia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "miraculous": { + "definition": "By supernatural or uncommon causes, e.g. by a god; that cannot be explained in terms of normal events.", + "origin": "From Middle French miraculeux. Displaced native Old English wundorlīċ.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/miraculous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mischief": { + "definition": "A playfully annoying action.", + "origin": "From Middle English myschef, meschef, meschief, mischef, from Old French meschief, from meschever (“to bring to grief”), from mes- (“badly”) + chever (“happen; come to a head”), from Vulgar Latin *capare, from Latin caput (“head”).", + "sentence": "John's mischief, tying his shoelaces together, irked George at first.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mischief", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "misconception": { + "definition": "A mistaken belief, a wrong idea.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *missaz\nProto-Germanic *missa-\nProto-West Germanic *missa-\nOld English mis-\nMiddle English mys-\nEnglish mis-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nsubstratebor.?\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *kapyéti\nProto-Italic *kapjō\nArchaic Latin kapiō\nLatin capiō\n▲\nAncient Greek σῠλλᾰμβᾰ́νω (sŭllămbắnō)calq.\nLatin concipiō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin conceptiōlbor.\nOld French conceptionbor.\nMiddle English concepcioun\nEnglish conception\nEnglish misconception\nFrom mis- + conception.", + "sentence": "You're obviously under the misconception that I care about your problems.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/misconception", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "missile": { + "definition": "A self-propelled projectile whose trajectory can be adjusted after it is launched.", + "origin": "From Latin missile (“thrown weapon, projectile”), neuter of missilis (“throwable, capable of being thrown”), from mittere (“to send”). From 1611. Compare Middle French missile (“projectile”), from 1636.", + "sentence": "That missile is explosive enough to kill hundreds.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/missile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "missive": { + "definition": "A written message; a letter, note or memo.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin missīvus, from mittō (“to send”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/missive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mister": { + "definition": "A device that makes or sprays mist.", + "origin": "mist + -er", + "sentence": "Odessa D. uses a mister Sunday to fight the 106-degree heat at a NASCAR race in Fontana, California.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mister", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "mockery": { + "definition": "Mimicry, imitation, now usually in a derogatory sense; a travesty, a ridiculous simulacrum.", + "origin": "From Middle English mokkery, from Anglo-Norman mokerie, mokery and Middle French mocquerie, moquerie, from moquer, moker (“to mock”) + -erie (“-ery”), perhaps from Byzantine Greek μωκός (mōkós, “mocker”), perhaps from Arabic مَكْر (makr, “scheme, plot”). Equivalent to mock + -ery.", + "sentence": "The defendant wasn't allowed to speak at his own trial - it was a mockery of justice.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mockery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "modality": { + "definition": "A method of diagnosis or therapy.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nFrench modal\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itātemlbor.\nOld French -ité\nMiddle French -ité\nFrench -ité\nFrench modalitébor.\nEnglish modality\nBorrowed from French modalité.", + "sentence": "In general, pharmacotherapy is less effective as a single modality approach than psychotherapy when treating chronic depression with an Axis II disorder.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modality", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011, George M. Kapalka, Pediatricians and Pharmacologically Trained Psychologists, page 7:" + }, + "modem": { + "definition": "A device that encodes digital computer signals into analog telephone signals and vice versa, allowing computers to communicate over a phone line.", + "origin": "Clipping of modulator-demodulator.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modem", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "modify": { + "definition": "To change part of.", + "origin": "From Middle English modifien, from Middle French modifier, from Latin modificare (“to limit, control, regulate, deponent”), from modificari (“to measure off, set bound to, moderate”), from modus (“measure”) + facere (“to make”); see mode.", + "sentence": "Her publisher advised her to modify a few parts of the book to make it easier to read.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modify", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "modular": { + "definition": "Consisting of separate modules; especially where each module performs or fulfills some specified function and could be replaced by a similar module for the same function, independently of the other modules.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *med-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Italic *medos\nLatin modus\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin moduluslbor.\nFrench modulebor.\nEnglish module\nEnglish -ar\nEnglish modular\nFrom module + -ar.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mogul": { + "definition": "A rich or powerful person; a magnate, nabob.", + "origin": "Figurative use of Moghul, which originally meant Mongol, or person of Mongolian descent. In this context, it refers to the Mughal Empire (Mughal being Persian or Arabic for \"Mongol\") of the Indian subcontinent that existed between 1526 and 1857: the early Mughal emperors claimed a heritage dating back to the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan. The modern meaning of the word is supposedly derived from the storied riches of the Mughal emperors, which, for example, produced the Taj Mahal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mogul", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mambo": { + "definition": "A voodoo priestess (in Haiti)", + "origin": "From Haitian Creole manbo (“voodoo priestess”) (ultimately from Yoruba mambo (“to talk”)), in later senses via Cuban Spanish mambo (“dance”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mambo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "molasses": { + "definition": "Any similarly thick and sweet syrup produced by boiling down fruit juices, tree saps, etc., especially concentrated maple syrup.", + "origin": "From Portuguese melaços or Spanish melazos, from Late Latin mellacium (“must, honey-sweet thing”), from mel (“honey”) + -āceus (“-aceous”) + -ium, q.v. Some alternative forms derived or influenced by Spanish melaza and French mélasse, conjectured to derive from unattested Late Latin mellacea, from mel + -ācea.", + "sentence": "Boiled some cornstalk juice into molasses.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/molasses", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1777 Sept. 13, Manessah Cutler, Journal, s.v." + }, + "monopolize": { + "definition": "To dominate or to get total control of something by excluding everyone else.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish monopoly\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish monopolize\nFrom monopoly + -ize.", + "sentence": "Teachers try not to let any one student monopolize a class discussion.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monopolize", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "montage": { + "definition": "A composite work, particularly an artwork, created by assembling or putting together other elements such as pieces of music, pictures, texts, videos, etc.", + "origin": ", La matière denaturalisée. Destruction 2. (Denatured Matter. Destruction 2.; c. 1923), from the collection of the Fries Museum in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands. The work is a collage, a type of montage.]]\nUnadapted borrowing from French montage (“assembly, set-up”).", + "sentence": "Examples of montage are seen in many modern films, and it is not a device which is physically difficult to use.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/montage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1936, American Photography, volume 30, New York, N.Y.: American Photographic Pub. Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 184, column 1:" + }, + "moped": { + "definition": "A lightweight, two-wheeled vehicle equipped with a small motor and pedals, designed to go no faster than some specified speed limit.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Swedish moped.", + "sentence": "He took his moped into work.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moped", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "morose": { + "definition": "Sullen, gloomy; showing a brooding ill humour.", + "origin": "From French morose, from Latin mōrōsus (“particular, scrupulous, fastidious, self-willed, wayward, capricious, fretful, peevish”), from mōs (“way, custom, habit, self-will”). See moral.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/morose", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mosaic": { + "definition": "A piece of artwork created by placing colored pieces (usually tiles, either regular or irregular in shape) in a pattern so as to create a picture.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek Μοῦσᾰ (Moûsă)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon)\nAncient Greek -εῖον (-eîon)\nAncient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon)\nAncient Greek μουσεῖον (mouseîon)der.\nLate Latin mūsīvum\nMedieval Latin musaicumbor.\nItalian mosaicoder.\nMiddle French mosaïqueder.\nEnglish mosaic\nFrom Middle French mosaïque, from Italian mosaico, from Medieval Latin musaicum, from Late Latin musivum (opus), from Latin museum, musaeum, probably from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon), shrine of the Muses (Μοῦσα (Moûsa)). Doublet of museum.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mosaic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mummified": { + "definition": "Preserved, for a dead body, by mummification.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mummified", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "munchkin": { + "definition": "A player who mainly concentrates on increasing their character's power and capabilities.", + "origin": "Coined by American author L. Frank Baum in 1900 in his novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Perhaps reflective of German Mensch or munch + -kin. Compare Low German Menschken and Low German Minschken.\nSense 5 (“donut hole”) is a genericization of the Dunkin' trademark \"Munchkins\".", + "sentence": "Doesn't anybody recognize humor anymore, or have our faces gone completely stiff from thinking about good vs. evil or character balance or munchkin-zapping?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/munchkin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1989 October 5, Hwang Tsong-Wen, “Bandwidth Wasters Hall of Fame for rec.games.frp”, in rec.games.frp (Usenet):" + }, + "mutter": { + "definition": "A repressed or obscure utterance; an instance of muttering.", + "origin": "From Middle English muteren, moteren, of imitative origin.\nCompare Low German mustern, musseln (“to whisper”), German muttern (“to mutter; whisper”), Old Norse muðla (“to murmur”). Compare also Latin muttīre, mutīre.", + "sentence": "The prisoners were docile, and accepted their lot with barely a mutter.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mutter", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "molecule": { + "definition": "The smallest particle of a specific element or compound that retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin mōlēs\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -cula\nNew Latin mōlēculalbor.\nFrench moléculebor.\nEnglish molecule\nBorrowed from French molécule, from New Latin molecula (“a molecule”), diminutive of Latin moles (“a mass”).", + "sentence": "Hydrogen chloride is a diatomic molecule, consisting of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/molecule", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "nationalism": { + "definition": "A more extreme form of patriotism; the idea of a more extreme support for one's country, people or culture.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French nationalisme, equivalent to national + -ism.", + "sentence": "Communists, socialists, and Islamists are against nationalism.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nationalism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "neaten": { + "definition": "To make (someone or something) neat; to arrange (people or things) in an orderly, tidy way; to tidy.", + "origin": "From neat + -en.", + "sentence": "She made a frantic attempt to neaten her hair.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neaten", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "necessity": { + "definition": "The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite.", + "origin": "From Middle English necessite, from Old French necessite, from Latin necessitās (“unavoidableness, compulsion, exigency, necessity”), from necesse (“unavoidable, inevitable”); see necessary. Doublet of Necessitas.", + "sentence": "I bought a new table out of necessity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/necessity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "neigh": { + "definition": "The cry of a horse.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English neyen, from Old English hnǣġan, from Proto-West Germanic *hnaijan, from Proto-Germanic *hnajjaną (“to neigh”). Cognate with dialectal Dutch neien, Middle Low German neigen, Swedish gnägga, Icelandic hneggja.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neigh", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nervily": { + "definition": "In a nervy way.", + "origin": "From nervy + -ly.", + "sentence": "To put it more nervily, and of course Ms.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nervily", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008 March 13, Janet Maslin, “Telling His Own Tale of Passions and Piety”, in New York Times:" + }, + "newbie": { + "definition": "A new user or participant; someone who is extremely new and inexperienced (to a game or activity). A beginner.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *nu\nProto-Indo-European *néwos\nProto-Germanic *niwjaz\nProto-West Germanic *niwi\nOld English nīewe\nMiddle English newe\nEnglish new\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nEnglish newieder.?\n▲\nEnglish new\nProto-Indo-European *bʰer-der.\nProto-Germanic *buranaz\nProto-West Germanic *boran\nOld English boren, ġeboren\nMiddle English born, boren, borne, iborne\nEnglish born\nEnglish newborn\nProto-Indo-European *bʰā-\nProto-Germanic *bō-redup.\nProto-Germanic *babô\nProto-West Germanic *babō\nOld English *baba\nMiddle English babe\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nMiddle English baby\nEnglish baby\nblend?\n▲\nEnglish newder.?\n▲\nProto-Germanic *bō-\nProto-West Germanic *bōjō\nOld English *bōia\nMiddle English boye\nEnglish boyder.?\nEnglish newbie\nUncertain — perhaps an alteration of newie with intrusive b (compare freebie); possibly a blend of newborn + baby; or perhaps a shortening of new boy or new beginner.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/newbie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nocturnal": { + "definition": "Of a person, creature, group, or species, primarily active during the night.", + "origin": "From Middle French nocturnal, from Latin nocturnālis (“nocturnal”), from Latin nocturnus (“nocturnal”), from Latin nox (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (“night”). Cognates include Ancient Greek νύξ (núx), Sanskrit नक्ति (nákti), Old English niht (English night) and Proto-Slavic *noťь.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nocturnal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nominee": { + "definition": "A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty, or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for election to office.", + "origin": "From nomin(ate) + -ee.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nominee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nonconformist": { + "definition": "A member of a church separated from the Church of England; a Protestant dissenter.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish non-\nEnglish conform\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nEnglish conformist\nEnglish nonconformist\nFrom non- + conformist.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonconformist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "obliterate": { + "definition": "To destroy (someone or something) completely, leaving no trace; to annihilate, to wipe out.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *h₁epi\n(start of 17th century) From earlier obliterat, learned borrowing from Latin obliterātus, oblitterātus (“having been blotted out, effaced, erased; having been forgotten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix, of participial origin)). Obliterātus and oblitterātus are respectively the perfect passive participles of obliterō and oblitterō (“to blot out, efface, erase, obliterate; to cause to be forgotten”), probably either:\n* from ob- (prefix meaning ‘against; towards’) + littera (“letter of the alphabet; (metonymically) handwriting”) (further etymology unknown); or\n* from oblītus (“disregarded, neglected; forgotten”), influenced by littera. Oblītus is the perfect passive participle of oblinō (“to daub over, besmear”), from ob- + possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“not heavy, light; brief; swift”).\nCognates\n* Catalan obliterar (“to erase; to cancel (a stamp); to close up or fill (a body cavity, vessel, etc.)”)\n* Middle French oblitérer (modern French oblitérer (“to cause (memories) to fade; to block, obstruct; to cancel (a stamp, ticket, etc.) so it cannot be reused”))\n* Portuguese obliterar (“to destroy completely; to erase”)\n* Spanish obliterar (“to destroy completely; to erase”)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/obliterate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "oblong": { + "definition": "Having a length and width that are different; not square or circular.", + "origin": "From Middle English oblong, oblonge, borrowed from Latin oblongus.", + "sentence": "The oblong window showed the night sky pricked here and there with stars.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oblong", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 19:" + }, + "obscure": { + "definition": "Dark, faint or indistinct.", + "origin": "From Middle English obscure, from Old French obscur, from Latin obscūrus (“dark, dusky, indistinct”), from ob- + *scūrus, from Proto-Italic *skoiros, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃-. Doublet of oscuro.", + "sentence": "I found myself in an obscure wood.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/obscure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1892, Denton Jaques Snider, Inferno, 1, 1-2 (originally by Dante Alighieri)" + }, + "occupancy": { + "definition": "The period of time during which someone rents or otherwise occupies certain land or premises.", + "origin": "From occupant + -cy.", + "sentence": "They had a five-year occupancy on the house.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/occupancy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "omega": { + "definition": "The twenty-fourth letter of the Classical and the Modern Greek alphabet, and the twenty-eighth letter of the Old and the Ancient Greek alphabet, i.e. the last letter of every Greek alphabet. Uppercase version: Ω; lowercase: ω.", + "origin": "From Middle English, from Ancient Greek ὦ μέγα (ô méga), meaning “great ω” (omega is a long vowel in Ancient Greek).", + "sentence": "The fact that the letter was incised above the line indicates that it is probably an omega.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/omega", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, Albert Schachter, Fabienne Marchand, “Fresh Light on the Institutions and Religious Life of Thespiai: Sixe New Inscriptions from the Thespiai Survey”, in Paraskevi Martzavou, Nikolaos Papazarkadas, editors, Epigraphical Approaches to the Post-Classical, Polis, page 284:" + }, + "omission": { + "definition": "The act of omitting.", + "origin": "From Middle English omissioun, from Old French omission, from Late Latin omissio, omissionem, from Latin omitto.", + "sentence": "Scots was not ‘banned’ outright — impossible anyway with so many Scots-speaking teachers but, like Gaelic, marginalised by omission.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/omission", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023, Clive Young, “chapter three: From Union to Devolution”, in Unlocking Scots: The Secret Life of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Luath Press Limited, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 88:" + }, + "onion": { + "definition": "A monocotyledonous plant (Allium cepa), allied to garlic, used as vegetable and spice.", + "origin": "From Middle English onyoun, oynoun, from Old French oignon, from Latin ūniōnem, accusative of ūniō (“onion”), which had also been borrowed into Old English as yne, ynnelēac (“onion”) (> Middle English hynne-leac, henne-leac). Displaced the inherited term ramsons.\n* (soy): Stems from a 4chan word filter which changes the word soy to onions. The word filter was implemented in relation to the \"alpha onion eater\" meme, which is depicted as the direct opposite of the soy boy.", + "sentence": "Some of the weeds that cause an undesirable flavor in milk are: onion, tarweed, scaleweed, garlic, mustard, pepper grass.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1944, Oregon. Agricultural experiment station, Circular of Information - Issues 323-395, page 3:" + }, + "optician": { + "definition": "A person who makes, dispenses or sells lenses, spectacles.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin opticusbor.\nFrench optique\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānus\nOld French -ien\nMiddle French -ien\nFrench -ien\nFrench opticienbor.\nEnglish optician\nBorrowed from French opticien.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/optician", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "optimum": { + "definition": "The best or most favorable condition, or the greatest amount or degree possible under specific sets of comparable circumstances.", + "origin": "From New Latin, neuter of Latin optimus (“best, very good”), from the root in ops (“work”) or omnis (“all”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/optimum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "opulent": { + "definition": "Luxuriant, and ostentatiously magnificent.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin opulēns, opulentus, from ops (“wealth, power, resources”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃op- (“to work; produce in abundance”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/opulent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "oracle": { + "definition": "One who communicates a divine command; an angel; a prophet.", + "origin": "From Middle English oracle, from Old French oracle m, from Latin ōrāculum n.", + "sentence": "God hath now sent his living oracle / Into the world to teach his final will.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oracle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 1:" + }, + "orchestra": { + "definition": "A large group of musicians who play together on various instruments, usually including some from strings, woodwind, brass and/or percussion; the instruments played by such a group.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin orchēstra, borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρα (orkhḗstra), from ὀρχέομαι (orkhéomai, “to dance”) + -τρᾰ (-tră, “a suffix used to form instrument nouns (pl.)”).", + "sentence": "The orchestra plays music for the dancers to dance to in the 19th century-styled dance hall.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/orchestra", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ordinance": { + "definition": "A local law, passed by e.g. a city.", + "origin": "From Middle English ordinaunce (ca. 1300), from Old French ordenance (“decree, command”) (modern French ordonnance), from Medieval Latin ordinantia, from ordinans, the present participle of ordino (“put in order”) (whence ordain). Doublet of ordonnance.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ordinance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "organelle": { + "definition": "A specialized structure found inside cells that carries out a specific life process (e.g. ribosomes, vacuoles).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *werǵ-der.\nAncient Greek ὄργανον (órganon)bor.\nLatin organumder.\nOld French organebor.\nMiddle English organe\nEnglish organ\nEnglish -elle\nEnglish organelle\nFrom organ + -elle.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/organelle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ounce": { + "definition": "Any small amount, a little bit.", + "origin": "From Middle English ounce, unce, from Middle French once, from Latin ū̆ncia (“Roman ounce, various similar units”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”). Doublet of a, one, inch, uncia, onça, onza, oka, ouguiya, and awqiyyah.", + "sentence": "He didn't feel even an ounce of regret for his actions.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ounce", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ouster": { + "definition": "The forceful removal of a politician or regime from power; a coup; an ousting.", + "origin": "From Old French ouster, oustre, a nominalization of Anglo-Norman oustre (“to oust”).", + "sentence": "The announcement blindsided employees, many of whom learned of the sudden ouster from an internal announcement and the company’s public facing blog.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ouster", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 November 18, Blake Montgomery, Dani Anguiano, “OpenAI fires co-founder and CEO Sam Altman for allegedly lying to company board”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:" + }, + "overweening": { + "definition": "Unduly confident; (sometimes also) arrogant.", + "origin": "From Middle English overweninge, equivalent to overween + -ing. Cognate with obsolete Dutch overwanig, overwaand (“presumptuous; cocky; conceited”).", + "sentence": "She wins one modeling contest in Montana and suddenly she’s overweening.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overweening", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "owlishly": { + "definition": "In an owlish manner, especially with regard to looking.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish owlish\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish owlishly\nFrom owlish + -ly.", + "sentence": "He gazed owlishly down at his confederates and they gazed owlishly back at him.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/owlishly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1941, Vardis Fisher, City of Illusion:" + }, + "ozone": { + "definition": "An allotrope of oxygen (symbol O₃) having three atoms in the molecule instead of the usual two; it is a toxic gas, generated from oxygen by electrical discharge.", + "origin": "From German Ozon, coined 1840 by Christian Friedrich Schönbein, from Ancient Greek ὄζον (ózon), neuter participle of ὄζω (ózō, “I smell”), in reference to its pungent odour.\nThe “fresh air” sense is from an erroneous former belief that seaweed contains and releases ozone.", + "sentence": "The smell of ozone was strong.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ozone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018, Nnedi Okorafor, Who Fears Death, HarperVoyager, page 334:" + }, + "praise": { + "definition": "Commendation; favourable representation in words.", + "origin": "From Middle English praise, preyse, from the verb (see below). Doublet of prize. Displaced native Middle English lof from Old English lof (“praise”) and Middle English loenge, loange from Old French löenge, löange (“praise”).", + "sentence": "The writer's latest novel received great praise in the media.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pageantry": { + "definition": "A pageant; a colourful show or display, as in a pageant.", + "origin": "From pageant + -ry.", + "sentence": "Anfield had been the usual portable pageantry of flags and banners and songs before kick-off.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pageantry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019 May 8, Barney Ronay, The Guardian:" + }, + "precursor": { + "definition": "That which precurses: a forerunner, predecessor, or indicator of approaching events.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English precursour, from Middle French precurseur or its etymon Latin praecursor (“forerunner”). By surface analysis, precurse + -or.", + "sentence": "The evolutionary precursor of photosynthesis is still under debate, and a new study sheds light.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/precursor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 September-October, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist:" + }, + "paginate": { + "definition": "To number the pages of (a book or other document); to foliate.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin paginare, from Latin pagina.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paginate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "predicament": { + "definition": "A definite class, state or condition.", + "origin": "From Middle English predicament, from Old French predicament, from Late Latin praedicāmentum (“that which is predicated, a predicament, category”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/predicament", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "paisley": { + "definition": "Made from this fabric, or marked with this design.", + "origin": "From Paisley, Renfrewshire, in Scotland, where shawls of this kind were woven in the 1800s.", + "sentence": "I shall be wearing a Paisley shawl with a red centre, and thus may easily be found.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paisley", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1886, Thomas Hardy, The Mayor of Casterbridge:" + }, + "premonition": { + "definition": "A strong intuition that something is about to happen (usually something negative, but not exclusively).", + "origin": "First use appears c. 1533. From Anglo-Norman premunition, from Ecclesiastical Latin praemonitiōnem (“a forewarning”), form of praemonitiō, from Latin praemonitus, past participle of praemoneō, from prae (“before”) (English pre-) + moneō (“to warn”) (from which English monitor). Compare Germanic forewarning.", + "sentence": "Just for a moment I had a premonition of approaching evil.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/premonition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1920, Agatha Christie, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, London: Pan Books, published 1954, page 17:" + }, + "palatial": { + "definition": "On a grand scale; with very rich furnishings.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French palatial, formed from the root of Latin palātium (“a palace”), from Palātium (“Palatine Hill”).", + "sentence": "The home where he lived was palatial.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/palatial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "primitive": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the beginning or origin, or to early times; original; primordial; primeval; first.", + "origin": "From Middle English primitif, from Old French primitif, from Latin prīmitīvus (“first or earliest of its kind”), from prīmus (“first”); see prime. Doublet of primitivo.", + "sentence": "\"The cranium is clearly plesiomorphic in overall form, presenting primitive traits shared by earlier hominins,\" the authors wrote.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/primitive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 September 27, Julia Jacobo, “Million-year-old skull could rewrite timeline of human origin, researchers say”, in ABC News, archived from the original on 14 Feb 2026:" + }, + "pallor": { + "definition": "Unnatural paleness, especially as a sign of sickness or distress.", + "origin": "From Middle English pallour, from Old French palor (“paleness, pallor”), from Latin pallor, from palleō (“to look pale, blanch”).", + "sentence": "The general effect was one of extraordinary pallor.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pallor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, Westminster [London]: Archibald Constable and Company, […], →OCLC, chapter II, page 20:" + }, + "principality": { + "definition": "A region or sovereign nation headed by a prince or princess.", + "origin": "From Middle English principalte, principalite, from Anglo-Norman principalté, Middle French principalté, from Late Latin prīncipālitās, from Latin prīncipālis (“principal”) + -tās. Equivalent to principal + -ity.", + "sentence": "The principality of Freedonia (www.freedonia.org), an earnest collective of secessionist superlibertarians based in Boston, falls into the first category.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/principality", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000 March 14, Alex Blumberg, “It's Good to Be King”, in WIRED, archived from the original on 24 Mar 2005:" + }, + "pantheon": { + "definition": "All the gods of a particular people or religion, particularly the ancient Greek gods residing on Olympus, considered as a group.", + "origin": "From Pantheon (“a Roman temple to the gods later used as a church”), c. 1300.", + "sentence": "Man was thus virtually a symbolic puppet in the hands of the Roman pantheon.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pantheon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 209:" + }, + "prism": { + "definition": "A perspective that colours one's perception.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek πρῑ́ω (prī́ō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Hellenic *-mə\nAncient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)\nAncient Greek πρίσμᾰ (prísmă)bor.\nLate Latin prismalbor.\nEnglish prism\nLearned borrowing from Late Latin prisma (“(geometry) prism”), from Ancient Greek πρίσμᾰ (prísmă, “anything sawn; sawdust; (Koine, geometry) prism”), from πρῐ́ζω (prĭ́zō) (a variant of πρῑ́ω (prī́ō, “to saw”), further etymology unknown) + -μᾰ (-mă, suffix forming neuter nouns denoting the effect or result of an action, etc.).", + "sentence": "I had surveyed the landscape through the prism of poetry, which tinged every object with the hues of the rainbow.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1820 September 13, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “Stratford-on-Avon”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., number VII, New York, N.Y.: […] C[ornelius] S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC, page 87:" + }, + "parkour": { + "definition": "An athletic discipline, in which practitioners traverse any environment in the most efficient way possible using their physical abilities, and which commonly involves running, jumping, vaulting, rolling, flipping, and other similar physical movements.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French parkour, altered spelling of parcours (“course, route”).", + "sentence": "On Astypalea, the possibilities for parkour routines are endless, as illustrated by the variety of tricks each athlete unveiled at Art of Motion.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parkour", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022 June 16, Issy Ronald, “Meet the parkour athletes defying fear and gravity at Red Bull Art of Motion”, in CNN, archived from the original on 26 Jun 2022:" + }, + "procedure": { + "definition": "A particular method for performing a task.", + "origin": "From French procédure, from Old French, from Latin procedere (“to go forward, proceed”); see proceed.", + "sentence": "Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891:" + }, + "parley": { + "definition": "A conference, especially one between enemies.", + "origin": "From Middle English parlai (“speech, parley”), from Old French parler (“to talk; to speak”), from Late Latin parabolō, from Latin parabola (“comparison”), from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ), from παρά (pará, “beside”) with βολή (bolḗ, “throwing”). Doublet of palaver.", + "sentence": "We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parley", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, (please specify the page number):" + }, + "procrastinate": { + "definition": "To delay taking action; to wait until later.", + "origin": "First attested in 1548; from Latin prōcrastinātus, perfect passive participle of prōcrastinō (“defer, put off till tomorrow”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from prō- (“in favor of”) + crāstinus (“of or belonging to tomorrow”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix), from crās (“tomorrow”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procrastinate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "partridge": { + "definition": "Any bird of a number of genera in the family Phasianidae, notably in the genera Perdix and Alectoris.", + "origin": "From Middle English partrich, partriche, pertriche, perdriz, from Old French perdriz, partriz, from Latin perdīx (“partridge”), from Ancient Greek πέρδιξ (pérdix, “partridge”), probably from πέρδομαι (pérdomai, “to fart”).", + "sentence": "On the first day of Christmas, my true love sent to me a partridge in a pear tree.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/partridge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "profiteer": { + "definition": "To make an unreasonable profit not justified by cost or risk.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish profit\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -ierder.\nEnglish -eer\nEnglish profiteer\nFrom profit + -eer.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/profiteer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "passage": { + "definition": "Part of a path or journey.", + "origin": "Borrowed into Middle English from Old French passage, from passer (“to pass”).", + "sentence": "He made his passage through the trees carefully, mindful of the stickers.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/passage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "prominent": { + "definition": "Likely to attract attention from its size or position; conspicuous.", + "origin": "From obsolete French prominent (compare proéminent), from Latin prōminēns, present active participle of prōmineō (“jut out, to project”), from prō (“before, forward”) + mineō (in compounds, “jut, project”).", + "sentence": "Place the slogan in a more prominent position.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prominent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pastime": { + "definition": "Something which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably.", + "origin": "From earlier passtime, pass-time, from Middle English passe tyme, passetyme, calque of Middle French passetemps.", + "sentence": "Chatting is a pleasant pastime.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pastime", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "prone": { + "definition": "Lying face-down.", + "origin": "From Middle English prone, proone, proon, from Latin prōnus (“turned forward, bent or inclined”), from prō (“forward”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pathogen": { + "definition": "An agent that can cause disease, especially an infectious microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, protozoon or fungus.", + "origin": "From patho- + -gen. Second element ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“lineage”) through Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “birth”)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pathogen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "proposal": { + "definition": "The act of asking someone to be one's spouse; an offer of marriage.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish propose\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish proposal\nFrom propose + -al.", + "sentence": "A proposal of marriage is a thing which it is rather difficult to bring neatly into the ordinary run of conversation.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proposal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1922, P. G. Wodehouse, chapter 4, in Three Men and a Maid:" + }, + "patience": { + "definition": "The quality of being patient.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English pacience, from Old French pacience (modern French patience), from Latin patientia (“suffering; endurance, patience”), from patiens, present active participle of patior (“suffer, experience, wait”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hurt”). Displaced Old English ġeþyld.", + "sentence": "Musical perfection requires practice and a lot of patience.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/patience", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "propulsion": { + "definition": "That which propels.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin propulsio, propulsionis, from the past participle of Latin propello (“to drive forward, drive forth, drive away, drive out”).", + "sentence": "However, nuclear propulsion provides a very high specific impulse and consistent, long duration energy source.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/propulsion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1995, Joyce A. Hayes, Benjamin E. Goldberg, David M. Anderson, “Environmental Benefits of Chemical Propulsion”, in Ann F. Whitaker, editor, Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference, page 59:" + }, + "patrician": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (“fathers”) or senators, or patricians.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French patricien, from Latin patricius, derived from patrēs cōnscrīptī (“Roman senators”).\nMay also have been derived from Latin patricius + -ian", + "sentence": "The cognomen was first used in patrician families, who were distinguished from the plebeians by their three names.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/patrician", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1945, E[lizabeth] G[idley] Withycombe, “Introduction”, in The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page xiv:" + }, + "prosperous": { + "definition": "Characterized by success.", + "origin": "From Middle French prospereus, from Old French prosperer, from Latin prosperō (“to cause to succeed”), from Old Latin pro spere (“according to expectation”), from pro (“for”) + spes (“hope”).", + "sentence": "Trading Babe Ruth was far more prosperous for the Yankees than for the Red Sox.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prosperous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pauper": { + "definition": "One who is extremely poor.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”). Originally a legal term. Doublet of poor.", + "sentence": "He has hundreds of thousands of dollars in the bank, and he lives like a pauper!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pauper", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1991, Art Spiegelman, Maus I: My Father Bleeds History, New York: Pantheon Books, page 132:" + }, + "proxy": { + "definition": "The authority to act for another, especially when written.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English procucie, contraction of procuracie, from Anglo-Norman procuracie, from Medieval Latin procuratia, from Latin prōcūrātiō, from Latin prōcūrō (“to manage, administer”) (English procure). Compare proctor.", + "sentence": "I have no man's proxy: I speak only for myself.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proxy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "pear": { + "definition": "A type of fruit tree (Pyrus communis).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nVulgar Latin pirabor.\nProto-West Germanic *peru\nOld English pere\nMiddle English pere\nEnglish pear\nFrom Middle English pere, from Old English pere, from Proto-West Germanic *peru, from Vulgar Latin pira, originally the plural of Latin pirum but reconstrued as a feminine singular, ultimately a loanword from an unknown Mediterranean substrate source.\nCognate with Scots peer (“pear”), Saterland Frisian Peere, Pere (“pear”), West Frisian par (“pear”), Dutch peer (“pear”), Danish, Greenlandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk pære (“pear”), Faroese, Icelandic pera (“pear”), Swedish päron (“pear”), German Birne (“pear”), Luxembourgish Bier, Bir (“pear”), Vilamovian biyn (“pear”), Yiddish באַר (bar, “pear”), French poire (“pear”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pear", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "publish": { + "definition": "To issue a medium (e.g. publication).", + "origin": "From Middle English publicen (by analogy with banish, finish), from Old French publier, from Latin publicare (“to make public, show or tell to the people, make known, declare, also (and earlier) confiscate for public use”), from publicus (“pertaining to the people, public”); see public.", + "sentence": "Major city papers still publish daily.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/publish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "peat": { + "definition": "Soil formed of dead but not fully decayed plants found in bog areas, often burned as fuel.", + "origin": "Inherited from Northern Middle English pete (recorded in Latin text as peta), of uncertain origin; perhaps from a Celtic language such as an unattested Pictish or Brythonic source, in turn possibly from Proto-Brythonic *peθ (“portion, segment, piece”); if so, it would be a doublet of piece.", + "sentence": "Fortunately, there was some peat in a nearby field, which the enginemen dug and the directors helped to carry to the engine.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1958 September 14, J. M. Dunn, “The Afonwen Line—1”, in Railway Magazine, pages 595-596:" + }, + "puckish": { + "definition": "Having a tendency to play tricks on people or tease people by making silly jokes about them; mischievous.", + "origin": "From Puck + -ish, after the mischievous fairy in English folklore who is also a character in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream.", + "sentence": "He has a puckish sense of humor.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puckish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "peddle": { + "definition": "To sell things, especially door to door or in insignificant quantities.", + "origin": "Back-formation from pedlar. (Compare burgle from burglar.)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peddle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pulpit": { + "definition": "An individual or particular preaching position or role; a pastorate.", + "origin": "From Middle English pulpit, from Old French pulpite and Latin pulpitum (“platform”). Doublet of pulpitum and polypus. Piecewise doublet of polypod.", + "sentence": "He seems like too timid a man to fill the pulpit at such a large church.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pulpit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pedicure": { + "definition": "A cosmetic treatment for the feet and toenails.", + "origin": "From French pédicure, from Latin pes (“foot”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pedicure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "punctuation": { + "definition": "A set of symbols and marks which are used to clarify meaning in text by separating strings of words into clauses, phrases and sentences; examples include commas, hyphens, and stops (periods).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin punctuātiō (“a marking with points, a writing, agreement”), from punctuō (“to mark with points, settle”). Morphologically, punctuate + -ion.", + "sentence": "Different languages have different rules for punctuation.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/punctuation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pedigree": { + "definition": "A chart, list, or record of ancestors, to show breeding, especially distinguished breeding.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman pé de grue, a variant of Old French pié de gru (“foot of a crane”), from Latin pes (“foot”) + grus (“crane”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pedigree", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pungent": { + "definition": "Having a strong odor that stings the nose; said especially of acidic or spicy substances.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin pungens (stem pungent-), present participle of pungo (“to sting”). Doublet of poignant.", + "sentence": "I accidentally dropped the bottle of ammonia and after few seconds, a very pungent stench could be detected.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pungent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pending": { + "definition": "While waiting for something; until.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Pending the outcome of the investigation, the police officer is suspended from duty.", + "part_of_speech": "preposition", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pending", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "punily": { + "definition": "In a puny fashion.", + "origin": "From puny + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/punily", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "penguin": { + "definition": "Any of several flightless sea birds, of the family Spheniscidae within the order Sphenisciformes, found in the Southern Hemisphere, marked by their usual upright stance, walking on short legs, and (generally) their stark black and white plumage.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Celtic *kʷennom\nProto-Brythonic *penn\nWelsh pen?\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-der.?\nProto-Celtic *windos\nProto-Brythonic *gwɨnn\nWelsh gwyn?\nProto-Indo-European *peyh₂-der.\nProto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ-influ.?\nLatin pinguisder.?\nEnglish penguin\nUncertain. First attested in the 16th century in reference to the auk of the Northern hemisphere; the word was later applied to the superficially similar birds of the Southern hemisphere (as was woggin). Possibly from Welsh pen (“head”) and gwyn (“white”), or from Latin pinguis (“fat”). See citations and the Wikipedia article.\nSense 3 originates from the often black-and-white habit worn by nuns, which resemble the bird's colors.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penguin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "puniness": { + "definition": "The quality of being puny", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pós\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *pósti\nProto-Italic *posti\nOld Latin poste\nLatin post\nProto-Indo-European *íh₂\nLatin ea\nLatin posteā\nVulgar Latin *postius\nOld French puis\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós\nProto-Italic *gnātos\nLatin gnātus\nLatin nātus\nOld French né\nOld French puisné\nMiddle French puisnébor.\nEnglish puisne\nEnglish puny\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish puniness\nFrom puny + -ness.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puniness", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "peninsular": { + "definition": "Of, pertaining to, resembling, or connected with a peninsula or peninsulas.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin paenīnsulāris. By surface analysis, peninsula + -ar. In the historical sense borrowed from Spanish peninsular.", + "sentence": "The lakeside cottage was on a peninsular spit of land.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peninsular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "purification": { + "definition": "The act or process of purifying; the removal of impurities.", + "origin": "From Old French purificacion, from Latin pūrificātiō.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/purification", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "peony": { + "definition": "A flowering plant of the genus Paeonia with large fragrant flowers.", + "origin": "From Old English peonie, peonia et al., from Latin paeōnia; later reinforced by Anglo-Norman peonie, Old French peone, pyoine (French pivoine), from Latin paeōnia, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek παιωνία (paiōnía), from Ancient Greek Παιών (Paiṓn, “Paeon, the physician of the gods”)/παιών (paiṓn, “a physician”).", + "sentence": "The root of the Male Peony fresh gathered has been found by experience to cure the falling-sickness.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peony", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 219:" + }, + "performance": { + "definition": "The act of performing; carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action.", + "origin": "From Middle English parfourmaunce; equivalent to perform + -ance.", + "sentence": "Though the result wasn't what we were hoping for, I have to commend the performance of the team, never giving up until the end.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/performance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "purse": { + "definition": "A quantity of money given for a particular purpose.", + "origin": "From Middle English purs, from Old English purs (“purse”), partly from pusa (“wallet, bag, scrip”) and partly from burse (“pouch, bag”).\nOld English pusa comes from Proto-West Germanic *pusō, from Proto-Germanic *pusô (“bag, sack, scrip”), and is cognate with Old High German pfoso (“pouch, purse”), Low German pūse (“purse, bag”), Old Norse posi (“purse, bag”), Danish pose (“purse, bag”). Old English burse comes from Medieval Latin bursa (“leather bag”) (compare English bursar), from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “hide, wine-skin”).\nCompare also Old French borse (French bourse), Old Saxon bursa (“bag”), Old High German burissa (“wallet”).", + "sentence": "It was a historic and a hefty battle when Myler and Percy were scheduled to don the gloves for the purse of fifty sovereigns.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/purse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1922 February 2, James Joyce, “[[Episode 12: The Cyclops]]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company […], →OCLC:" + }, + "permafrost": { + "definition": "Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Italic *peri-\nLatin per-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti\nProto-Indo-European *m̥néh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *m(V)nēō\nLatin maneō\nLatin permaneōlbor.\nMiddle French permanentbor.\nEnglish permanentclip.\nEnglish perma-\nProto-Indo-European *prews-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *prustós\nProto-Germanic *frustaz\nProto-West Germanic *frost\nOld English frost\nMiddle English frost\nEnglish frost\nEnglish permafrost\nFrom perma- + frost.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/permafrost", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "putrid": { + "definition": "Rotting, rotten, being in a state of putrefaction.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *puH-der.\nLatin puter\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *-ējō\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ēō\nLatin -eō\nLatin putreō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin putridusder.\nOld French putridebor.\n▲\nLatin putridusbor.\nMiddle English\nEnglish putrid\nFrom Middle English, borrowed from Old French putride or directly from Latin putridus (“rotten, decayed”), from putreō (“to be rotten or putrid”), from puter (“rotten, decaying, putrid”).", + "sentence": "Quake guzzell dogs, that live on putrid slime.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/putrid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1599, W. Kinsayder or Theriomastix [pseudonyms; John Marston], The Scourge of Villanie. […], London: […] I[ames] R[oberts], →OCLC; republished as G[eorge] B[agshawe] Harrison, editor, The Scourge of Villanie (The Bodley Head Quartos; 13), London: John Lane, The Bodley Head […]; New York, N.Y.: E[dward] P[ayson] Dutton & Company, 1925, →OCLC:" + }, + "peruse": { + "definition": "To examine or consider with care.", + "origin": "From either Medieval Latin perūtor, perūsitō (“wear out”) or Anglo-Norman peruser (“use up”), originally leading to two concurrent meanings, but only those derived from \"to examine\" survive today. By surface analysis, per- + use.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peruse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pervasive": { + "definition": "Manifested throughout; pervading, permeating, penetrating or affecting everything.", + "origin": "From Latin pervāsus, from pervādō (“spread through, pervade”), from per (“through”) + vādō (“go, walk”).", + "sentence": "The medication had a pervasive effect on the patient's health.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pervasive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pyramid": { + "definition": "Any structure or diagram with many members at the bottom and progressively fewer towards the top.", + "origin": "From French pyramide, from Old French piramide, from Latin pȳramis, pȳramidis, from Ancient Greek πῡραμίς (pūramís), possibly from πῡρός (pūrós, “wheat”) + ἀμάω (amáō, “reap”) or from Egyptian pr-m-ws (“height of a pyramid”), from pr (“(one that) comes forth”) + m (“from”) + ws (“height”). Schenkel and K. Lang proposed hypothetical Coptic *ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲙ (*piram) or *ⲫⲣⲁⲙ (*phram) derived from Egyptian mr via metathesis as a source of πῡραμίς (pūramís) while Schenkel also suggested it being the source of Arabic هَرَم (haram) although the latter is considered far-fetched by Takacs.", + "sentence": "The company was organized as a pyramid, with a CEO in charge of four directors, each heading up a department.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pyramid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "photogenic": { + "definition": "Generated or caused by light.", + "origin": "From photo- + -genic.", + "sentence": "The sunbather developed a photogenic melanoma on her back.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/photogenic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "physical": { + "definition": "Pertaining to the world as understood through the senses rather than the mind, having to do with the material world.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Late Latin physicālis, from Latin physica (“study of nature”), from Ancient Greek φυσική (phusikḗ), feminine singular of φυσικός (phusikós, “natural; physical”), from φύσις (phúsis, “origin, birth; nature, quality; form, shape; type, kind”), from φῠ́ω (phŭ́ō, “grow”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to appear, become, rise up”).", + "sentence": "It's not so much a physical place as a state of mind.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/physical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pillor": { + "definition": "To expose someone to public punishment or ridicule.", + "origin": "Formed by shortening the English word pillory.", + "sentence": "The townspeople threatened to pillor the dishonest official.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "BeeBright, based on Merriam-Webster", + "source_url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pillor", + "license": "", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + }, + "pitiful": { + "definition": "So appalling or sad that one feels or should feel sorry for it; eliciting pity.", + "origin": "From Middle English pityful, piteful, piteeful. By surface analysis, pit(i) + -ful.", + "sentence": "Scotland has a pitiful climate.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pitiful", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "placate": { + "definition": "To calm; to bring peace to; to influence someone who was furious to the point that they become content or at least no longer irate.", + "origin": "First attested in the late 17ᵗʰ century; borrowed from Latin plācātus, perfect passive participle of plācō (“appease, placate”, literally “smooth, smoothen”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more), ultimately thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *plāk- (“smooth, flat”), from *pele- (“broad, flat, plain”). Related to Latin placeō (“appease”), Old English flōh (“flat stone, chip”). More at please.", + "sentence": "To-day a deity who should require bleeding sacrifices to placate him would be too sanguinary to be taken seriously.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/placate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1902, William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC:" + }, + "platinum": { + "definition": "Very expensive, or of very high quality.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *pléth₂us\nProto-Hellenic *plətús\nAncient Greek πλατύς (platús)bor.\nVulgar Latin *plattusder.\nSpanish plata\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnus\nSpanish -ina\nSpanish platina\nEnglish -um\nEnglish platinum\nFrom Spanish platina (“little silver”) del Pinto (\"of the Pinto\") + -um. It was called \"little\" (or \"lesser\") silver because the metal was found as an impurity in gold, and del Pinto for the Pinto River in Gran Colombia where Europeans discovered it being mined by Native Americans. Doublet of platina.", + "sentence": "We can offer the platinum service for fifty dollars extra.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/platinum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "platoon": { + "definition": "To alternate starts with a teammate of opposite handedness, depending on the handedness of the opposing pitcher", + "origin": "From obsolete French plauton, variant of peloton, from Middle French pelote + -on. Doublet of peloton. Compare pellet.", + "sentence": "Taylor has been hitting poorly against left-handers, and Morgan has been hitting poorly against right-handers, so they will platoon.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/platoon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pliant": { + "definition": "Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure without breaking.", + "origin": "From Middle English pliaunt, from Old French ploiant, present participle of ploiier (“to fold”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pliant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "plummet": { + "definition": "To drop swiftly, in a direct manner; to fall quickly.", + "origin": "From Middle English plommet (“ball of lead, plumb of a bob-line”), recorded since 1382, from Old French plommet or plomet, the diminutive of plom, plum (“lead, sounding lead”), from Latin plumbum (“lead”). The verb is first recorded in 1626, originally meaning “to fathom, take soundings\", from the noun.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plummet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "portrait": { + "definition": "An accurate depiction of a person, a mood, etc.", + "origin": "From Middle French portraict, pourtraict, nominal use of the past participle of portraire (“portray”), from Latin prōtrahō (< prō- + trahō).\nCompare typologically English drawing.", + "sentence": "The author painted a good portrait of urban life in New York in his latest book.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/portrait", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "quantify": { + "definition": "To determine the value of (a variable or expression).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷos?\nProto-Indo-European *-onts?\nProto-Indo-European *kʷoider.?\nProto-Italic *kʷāntos\nLatin quantus\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *θakos\nProto-Italic *-fakos\nLatin -ficus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin -ficō\nMedieval Latin quantificōder.\nEnglish quantify\nFrom Medieval Latin quantifico (introduced by Sir William Hamilton in logic).", + "sentence": "Tinker with nature and quantify how it responds.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quantify", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012 January 14, Robert M. Pringle, “How to Be Manipulative”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 03 Oct 2013, page 31:" + }, + "quart": { + "definition": "Four successive cards of the same suit.", + "origin": "From Middle English quart, quarte, from Old French quarte, carte, from Latin quartus (“one-fourth”). Cognate with Spanish cuarto (“quarter; room, quarters”).", + "sentence": "A tierce major is good against any other tierce; a quart minor is good against a tierce major.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quart", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1908, Cavendish, The laws of piquet adopted:" + }, + "quaver": { + "definition": "A trembling shake.", + "origin": "From Middle English quaveren, frequentative form of quaven, cwavien (“to tremble”), equivalent to quave + -er. Cognate with Low German quabbeln (“to quiver”), German quabbeln, quappeln (“to quiver”). More at quave, quab, quiver.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quaver", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "quirky": { + "definition": "Given to quirks or idiosyncrasies; strange in a somewhat silly, awkward manner, potentially cute.", + "origin": "From quirk + -y.", + "sentence": "She has a quirky laugh.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quirky", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "quota": { + "definition": "A proportional part or share; the share or proportion assigned to each in a division.", + "origin": "From Latin quota pars; see Latin quota.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quota", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "reconsider": { + "definition": "To consider a matter again.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-der.\nOld French re-bor.\nMiddle English re-\nEnglish re-\nEnglish consider\nEnglish reconsider\nFrom re- + consider.", + "sentence": "Is there any way I can get you to reconsider selling your car?", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reconsider", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "recovery": { + "definition": "A return to normal health.", + "origin": "From recover + -y, from Middle English recoveree, from Old French recovree, from recovrer (“recover”).", + "sentence": "I hope you make a full recovery.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recovery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "recruit": { + "definition": "To recuperate; to gain health, flesh, spirits, or the like.", + "origin": "From French recruter (as a verb).", + "sentence": "Lean cattle recruit in fresh pastures.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recruit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "redemption": { + "definition": "Salvation from sin.", + "origin": "From Middle English redempcioun, from Old French redemption, from Latin redemptio. Doublet of ransom. Displaced native Old English ālīesung, ālīesnes.", + "sentence": "Before creating the world, God knew both the need for and the means of the redemption He would provide through Jesus Christ.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/redemption", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011, Drama of Redemption, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 9:" + }, + "reflect": { + "definition": "To agree with; to closely follow.", + "origin": "From Old French reflecter (“to bend back, turn back”), from Latin reflectō (“to reflect”), from re- (“again”) + flectō (“to bend, to curve”). Compare English reflex.", + "sentence": "Entries in English dictionaries aim to reflect common usage.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reflect", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "regiment": { + "definition": "A unit of armed troops under the command of an officer, and consisting of several smaller units.", + "origin": "From Middle French regement, régiment, and its source, Late Latin regimentum (“direction for government; course of medical treatment”), from Latin regō (“rule”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regiment", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "registrar": { + "definition": "An officer in a university who keeps enrollment and academic achievement records.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin registrārius, from registrum (“register”) + -ārius (“agent of use”). See more at register. By surface analysis, register /registry (“a record”) + -ar.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/registrar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rehearsal": { + "definition": "The practising of something which is to be performed before an audience, usually to test or improve the interaction between several participating people, or to allow technical adjustments with respect to staging to be done.", + "origin": "From Middle English rehercel, rehersail, rehersall, from rehersen and apparently partly Middle French rehercel. By surface analysis, rehearse + -al.", + "sentence": "After modifications had been effected by the builders, a rehearsal of electric operation was held on September 17.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rehearsal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961 November, “Talking of Trains: \"Blue trains\" run again”, in Trains Illustrated, page 644:" + }, + "reign": { + "definition": "The exercise of sovereign power.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs\nProto-Italic *rēks\nLatin rēx\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nLatin -nus\nLatin *rēgnusnom.\nLatin rēgnum\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin rēgnō, rēgnārebor.\nOld French reignier\nAnglo-Norman regnerbor.\nMiddle English regnen\nEnglish reign\nInherited from Middle English regnen, from Old French reignier, from the Latin verb rēgnō, and the noun rēgnum. Doublet of regnum. Displaced native Old English rīċe (“a reign”) and ricsian (“to reign”).", + "sentence": "England prospered under Elizabeth I's reign.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reign", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "reiterate": { + "definition": "To say or do (something) for a second time, such as for emphasis.", + "origin": "Early 15th century, from Late Latin reiteratus, past participle of reiterare (“to repeat”) from re- (“again”) + iterare (“to repeat”) from iterum (“again”).", + "sentence": "Let me reiterate my opinion.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reiterate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "rejuvenate": { + "definition": "To render young again.", + "origin": "From re- (“again”) + Latin iuvenis (“young”) + -ate (verb-forming suffix). Compare Old French rejuvener.\nDisplaced native Middle English gingen, from Old English *ġinġan (literally “to make young”), equivalent to Old English ġeong + Old English -an.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rejuvenate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "remorseful": { + "definition": "Feeling or filled with remorse.", + "origin": "From remorse + -ful.", + "sentence": "He was so remorseful that he voluntarily paid full restitution.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/remorseful", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "renewable": { + "definition": "Sustainable; able to be regrown or renewed; having an ongoing or continuous source of supply.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish renew\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ābilis\nOld French -ablebor.\nMiddle English -able\nEnglish -able\nEnglish renewable\nFrom renew + -able.", + "sentence": "Solar and wind power are renewable, but coal is not.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/renewable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "replete": { + "definition": "Abounding, amply provided.", + "origin": "From Middle English replete (adjective) and repleten (verb), from Old French replet, from Latin repletus.", + "sentence": "A kitchen replete with all the ultimate appliances.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/replete", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "residue": { + "definition": "That which persists or remains following the removal or elimination of other elements.", + "origin": "From Middle English residue, from Old French residu, from Latin residuum, neuter of residuus (“remaining”), from resideō (“to remain behind”). Doublet of residuum.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/residue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "respite": { + "definition": "A brief interval of rest or relief.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman and Old French respit (“rest”), from Latin respectus. Doublet of respect.", + "sentence": "I crave but four day's respite.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/respite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:" + }, + "restive": { + "definition": "Impatient under delay, duress, or control.", + "origin": "Modification of earlier restiff, from Middle English restyf, from Old French restif, from rester (“to stay, remain”), from Latin restō.\n* Shares an etymology with rest (\"to remain,\" obsolete)\n*Merriam-Webster states that this word was originally used to describe horses that disobeyed commands. Presumably, then, the word came to mean fidgety or anxious more broadly.", + "sentence": "The horses were now more restive than ever, and Johann was trying to hold them in.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/restive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1914, Bram Stoker, “Dracula's Guest”, in Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories:" + }, + "retriever": { + "definition": "One who retrieves something.", + "origin": "From retrieve + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/retriever", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "revelation": { + "definition": "The act of revealing or disclosing.", + "origin": "From Middle English revelacioun, from Old French revelacion, from Latin revēlātiō (“disclosure”), from revēlō (“to disclose”), re (“again”) + vēlō (“to cover”); by surface analysis, revelate + -ion.", + "sentence": "The revelation of the culprits' identities was cathartic for the populace.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/revelation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "revulsive": { + "definition": "Causing revulsion.", + "origin": "From Middle French révulsif.", + "sentence": "It had certainly given her enough squirming, revulsive qualms, before she’d done it.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/revulsive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021, Arkady Martine, A Desolation Called Peace, Tor, page 29:" + }, + "riddance": { + "definition": "An act of ridding, clearance, or removal; elimination.", + "origin": "Apparently an alteration of earlier Middle English riddeings, ryddyngs, reddyngs (“clearings, clearances”), plural of riddyng, riddynge, rudyng (“clearing away, removal”), partially continuing Old English hryding (“a clearing, cleared land”), by surface analysis, rid + -ance.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/riddance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "riffraff": { + "definition": "Sweepings; refuse.", + "origin": "From Old French rif et raf (“one and all”), of Germanic origin. The first word is from rifler (“to scrape off”) and the last is from raffler, related to rafler (“to plunder”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/riffraff", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "riviera": { + "definition": "Any coastal area popular with tourists.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁reyp-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁réyp-eh₂\nProto-Italic *reipā\nLatin rīpa\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -ārius\nLatin rīpārius\nEarly Medieval Latin rīpāria\nOld French rivierebor.\nItalian rivierabor.\nEnglish riviera\nFrom Italian riviera, from Old French riviere, from Latin riparius. Doublet of river and rivière.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/riviera", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rocket": { + "definition": "Something that travels high in the air or with great speed; especially (sport), a hard shot.", + "origin": "From Italian rocchetta, from Old Italian rocchetto (“rocket”, literally “a bobbin”), diminutive of rocca (“a distaff”), from Lombardic rocko (“spinning wheel”), from Proto-West Germanic *rokkō, from Proto-Germanic *rukkô (“a distaff, a staff with flax fibres tied loosely to it, used in spinning thread”). Cognate with Old High German rocco, rocko, roccho, rocho (\"a distaff\"; > German Rocken (“a distaff”)), Swedish rock (“a distaff”), Icelandic rokkur (“a distaff”), Middle English rocke (“a distaff”). More at rock⁴.\nFor the meaning development, compare fuselage, ultimately from Latin fūsus (“spindle, spinning wheel”).", + "sentence": "Fernandinho launched a rocket that flew just over.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rocket", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016 September 28, Tom English, “Celtic 3–3 Manchester City”, in BBC Sport, BBC Sport, archived from the original on 10 Oct 2016:" + }, + "row": { + "definition": "A line of objects, often regularly spaced, such as seats in a theatre, vegetable plants in a garden, etc.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *Hreyk-\nProto-Indo-European *-ō\nProto-Indo-European *Hréykō\nProto-Germanic *rīgǭder.\nProto-Germanic *raigwō\nProto-Germanic *raiwō\nProto-West Germanic *raiwu\nOld English rǣw\nMiddle English rewe\nEnglish row\nFrom Middle English rewe, rowe, rawe, from Old English rǣw, rāw, probably from Proto-Germanic *raiwō, *raigwō, *rīgǭ (“row, streak, line”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreyk- (“to carve, scratch, etch”).\nCognate with Scots raw (“row”), dialectal Norwegian rå (“boundary line”), Saterland Frisian Riege (“row”), West Frisian rige (“row”), Dutch rij (“row, line”), German Low German Reeg, Riege, Rieg (“row”), German Reihe (“row”), German Riege (“sports team”).", + "sentence": "The bright seraphim in burning row.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/row", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “At a Solemn Musick”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "rubric": { + "definition": "A title of a category or a class.", + "origin": "From Middle English rubriche, rubrike, from Old French rubrique, from Latin rūbrīca (“red ochre”), the substance used to make red letters, from ruber (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.", + "sentence": "That would fall under the rubric of things we can ignore for now.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rubric", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "rugby": { + "definition": "Rubber cement, contact cement; commonly associated with solvent abuse, as it is often used as an inhalant.", + "origin": "Genericized trademark from Rugby, a brand of rubber cement by Bostik.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rugby", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rumor": { + "definition": "A statement or claim of questionable accuracy, from no known reliable source, usually spread by word of mouth.", + "origin": "From Middle English rumour, from Old French rumeur, from Latin rūmor (“common talk”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewH- (“to shout, to roar”).", + "sentence": "There's a rumor going round that he's going to get married.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rumor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "rabid": { + "definition": "Furious; raging; extremely violent.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin rabiō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin rabidusbor.\nEnglish rabid\nFrom the Latin rabidus, from rabiō (“to rave”).", + "sentence": "Rodrigo Girén,” who in 1473 had already proved themselves only too eager for the most rabid violence.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rabid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1934, Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 1934-09: Volume 49, Issue 3, Modern Language Association of America, pages 710-711:" + }, + "raisin": { + "definition": "Of fruit: to dry out; to become like raisins.", + "origin": "From Middle English raysyn, borrowed from Anglo-Norman reysin (“grape, raisin”), from Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus. Possibly a distant cognate of Persian رز (raz, “vine”). Doublet of raceme.", + "sentence": "Too little and the grapes would raisin.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/raisin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Sinclair Jayne, A Bride for the Texas Cowboy:" + }, + "rebuff": { + "definition": "A sudden resistance or refusal.", + "origin": "From obsolete French rebuffer, from Middle French rebuffer (compare French rebiffer (“to rise up, revolt”)), from Italian ribuffare.", + "sentence": "He was surprised by her quick rebuff to his proposal.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rebuff", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sacrifice": { + "definition": "A human being or an animal, or a physical object or immaterial thing (see etymology 1 sense 1.3), offered to a deity.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *seh₂k-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *sh₂krós\nProto-Italic *sakros\nArchaic Latin sakros\nOld Latin sacros\nOld Latin *sakr̥s\nOld Latin *sakerr\nLatin sacerder.\nLatin sacrum\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti\nProto-Italic *θakjō\nProto-Italic *fakjō\nLatin faciō\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nLatin sacrificiumlbor.\nOld French sacrifisebor.\nMiddle English sacrifice\nEnglish sacrifice\nFrom Middle English sacrifice (“act of offering a life or object to a deity; the life or object so offered”), from Anglo-Norman sacrefiz, and Old French sacrifice, sacrifise (modern French sacrifice), from Latin sacrificium (“something offered to a deity, sacrifice”), from sacrum (“sacrifice, sacrificial rite”) + faciō (“to do, to make”) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The noun sacrum is the nominalized neuter of the adjective sacer (“devoted to a deity for sacrifice; holy, sacred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k- (“ceremony, ritual; to make sacred”), and the verb faciō is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”). Related Latin formations include sacrificus (“of or pertaining to sacrifice, sacrificial”) and sacrificō (“to make a sacrifice”). Displaced native Old English blōt and hūsl.\nCognates\n* Italian sagrifizio\n* Occitan sacrifici\n* Portuguese sacrificio\n* Spanish sacrificio", + "sentence": "Make of your Prayers one ſvveet Sacrifice, / And lift my Soule to Heauen.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sacrifice", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 212, column 2:" + }, + "salivate": { + "definition": "To produce saliva.", + "origin": "From Latin salivatus, past participle of salivare (“to spit out, also salivate”), from saliva (“spittle”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/salivate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sandal": { + "definition": "A type of open shoe made up of straps or bands holding a sole to the foot", + "origin": "From Middle English sandal (“sandal”), from Old French sandale, from Latin sandalium, from Ancient Greek σανδάλιον (sandálion), diminutive of σάνδαλον (sándalon, “sandal”), of unknown origin. Often mistakenly parsed as related to sand.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sandal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "satchel": { + "definition": "A bag or case with one or two shoulder straps, especially used to carry books etc.", + "origin": "First recorded circa 1340 as Middle English sachel, from Old French sachel, from Late Latin saccellum (“money bag, purse”), a diminutive of Latin sacculus, itself a diminutive of saccus (“bag”). See sack.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/satchel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "scalp": { + "definition": "A part of the skin of the head, with the hair attached, formerly cut or torn off from an enemy by warriors in some cultures as a token of victory.", + "origin": "From Middle English scalp, skalp, scalpe (“crown of the head; skull”). Originally a northern word, and therefore probably from a North Germanic source, although the sense-development is unclear; compare Sylt North Frisian Skolp (“dandruff”), Old Norse skálpr (“sheath”), Old Swedish skalp, Dutch schelp (“shell”).", + "sentence": "The most disturbing thing about Disneyland is seeing all those smiling people walking around wearing Mickey Mouse's severed scalp.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scalp", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018 September 14, Norm Macdonald Has a Show, season 1, episode 6, spoken by Norm Macdonald:" + }, + "scandal": { + "definition": "An incident or event that disgraces or damages the reputation of the persons or organization involved.", + "origin": "From Middle French scandale (“indignation caused by misconduct or defamatory speech”), from Ecclesiastical Latin scandalum (“that on which one trips, cause of offense”, literally “stumbling block”), from Ancient Greek σκάνδαλον (skándalon, “a trap laid for an enemy, a cause of moral stumbling”), from Proto-Indo-European *skand- (“to jump”). Cognate with Latin scandō (“to climb”). First attested from Old Northern French escandle, but the modern word is a reborrowing. Doublet, via Old French esclandre, of slander.\nSense evolution from \"cause of stumbling, that which causes one to sin, stumbling block\" to \"discredit to reputation, that which brings shame, thing of disgrace\" is possibly due to early influence from other similar sounding words for infamy and disgrace (compare Old English scand (“ignominity, scandal, disgraceful thing”), Old High German scanda (“ignominy, disgrace”), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 (skanda, “shame, disgrace”)). See shand, shend, shonda.", + "sentence": "Their affair was reported as a scandal by most tabloids.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scandal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "scanty": { + "definition": "Somewhat less than is needed in amplitude or extent.", + "origin": "From scant + -y.", + "sentence": "To share, with ill-concealed disdain, / Of Scotland's pay the scanty gain.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scanty", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1810, Walter Scott, “Canto VI. The Guard-room.”, in The Lady of the Lake; […], Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, stanza III:" + }, + "scent": { + "definition": "A distinctive smell.", + "origin": "From Middle English sent (noun) and senten (verb), from Old French sentir (“to feel, perceive, smell, sense”), from Latin sentiō, sentīre (“to feel, sense”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”), and thus related to Saterland Frisian Sin (“sense”), West Frisian sin (“sense”), Dutch zin (“sense, meaning”), Low German Sinn (“sense”), Luxembourgish Sënn (“sense, perception”), German Sinn (“sense”). The -c- appeared in the 17th century, possibly by influence of ascent, descent, etc., or by influence of science.", + "sentence": "The air is thick with the unexpected scent of rain.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014, Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor, chapter 32, in Dust, London: Granta Books, page 289:" + }, + "scholarship": { + "definition": "The sum of knowledge accrued by scholars; the realm of refined learning.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-der.\nProto-Hellenic *skʰolā́\nAncient Greek σχολή (skholḗ)bor.\nLatin schola\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin -āris\nLate Latin scholārisbor.\nOld English scōlere\nMiddle English scolere\nEnglish scholar\nProto-Germanic *skapjaną\nProto-Germanic *-skapiz\nProto-West Germanic *-skapi\nOld English -sċiepe\nMiddle English -schipe\nEnglish -ship\nEnglish scholarship\nFrom scholar + -ship.", + "sentence": "I found the website and found people mingling scholarship with faith – great googly moogly!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scholarship", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Michael T. Cooper, Contemporary Druidry: A Historical and Ethnographic Study, →ISBN:" + }, + "science": { + "definition": "A particular discipline or branch of knowledge that is natural, measurable or consisting of systematic principles rather than intuition or technical skill.", + "origin": "From Middle English science, scyence, borrowed from Old French science, escience, from Latin scientia (“knowledge”), from sciēns, the present participle stem of scire (“to know”).", + "sentence": "Of course in my opinion Social Studies is more of a science than an art.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/science", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sci-fi": { + "definition": "A genre of movies featuring mostly fictional scientific scenes.", + "origin": "Clipping of science fiction.", + "sentence": "Several sci-fi films and novels have very accurately predicted and paved the way for many of the pieces of technology we enjoy today.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sci-fi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015 August 13, Emmanuel Tsekleves, “Science fiction as fact: how desires drive discoveries”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 18 Jun 2016:" + }, + "scooter": { + "definition": "A motorscooter; a small motorcycle or moped with a step-through frame.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish scoot\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish scooter\nFrom scoot + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scooter", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "scornfully": { + "definition": "In a scornful manner; contemptuously, derisively.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nMiddle English scorn\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós\nProto-Germanic *fullaz\nProto-Germanic *-fullaz\nOld English -ful\nMiddle English -ful\nMiddle English scornful\nProto-Indo-European *leyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *līkąder.\nProto-Germanic *-līkaz\nProto-Germanic *-ê\nProto-Germanic *-līkê\nProto-West Germanic *-līkē\nOld English -līċe\nMiddle English -ly\nMiddle English scornfully\nEnglish scornfully\nInherited from Middle English scornfully; equivalent to scornful + -ly (adverbial suffix).", + "sentence": "Damn it, I am drunk,\" he said scornfully.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scornfully", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1951, John Wyndham, The Day of the Triffids, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, published 1954, page 23:" + }, + "scrapple": { + "definition": "A tool for scraping.", + "origin": "Related to scrape.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scrapple", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "screeno": { + "definition": "A form of bingo played in American movie theaters during the Great Depression, with numbers displayed on the screen.", + "origin": "Blend of screen + keno.", + "sentence": "It led to a drive against screeno as used in movie houses thruout the city.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/screeno", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1943, Billboard, volume 55, number 3:" + }, + "scripture": { + "definition": "A sacred writing or holy book.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-?\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kréybʰeti\nProto-Italic *skreiβō\nLatin scrībō\nProto-Indo-European *-tew-?\nProto-Indo-European *-r-eh₂?\nLatin -tūra\nLatin scrīptūrader.\nMiddle English scripture\nEnglish scripture\nFrom Middle English scripture, from Latin scrīptūra (“a writing, scripture”), from scrīptum, the supine of scrībō (“to write”). By surface analysis, script + -ure.", + "sentence": "The primary scripture in Zoroastrianism is the Avesta.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scripture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "scrooge": { + "definition": "A miserly person; a person with an excessive dislike of spending money or other resources.", + "origin": "From the character Ebenezer Scrooge in the Charles Dickens' novel A Christmas Carol.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scrooge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "scrounge": { + "definition": "To obtain something of moderate or inconsequential value from another.", + "origin": "1915, alteration of dialectal scrunge (\"to search stealthily, rummage, pilfer\") (1909), of uncertain origin, perhaps from dialectal scringe (\"to pry about\"); or perhaps related to scrouge, scrooge (\"push, jostle\") (1755, also Cockney slang for \"a crowd\"), probably suggestive of screw, squeeze. Popularized by the military in World War I.", + "sentence": "As long as he's got someone who'll let him scrounge off them, he'll never settle down and get a full-time job.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scrounge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "scrutiny": { + "definition": "Intense study of someone or something.", + "origin": "From Middle English scrutiny, from Medieval Latin scrūtinium (“a search, an inquiry”), from Vulgar Latin scrūtor (“to search or examine thoroughly”), from Late Latin scrūta (“rubbish, broken trash”), from an extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).", + "sentence": "Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view / And narrower scrutiny.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scrutiny", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 4:" + }, + "sculpture": { + "definition": "A three-dimensional work of art created by shaping malleable objects and letting them harden or by chipping away pieces from a rock (sculpting).", + "origin": "From Middle English sculpture, from Old French sculpture, from Latin sculptūra (“sculpture”), from sculpō (“to cut out, to carve in stone”).", + "sentence": "There, too, in living sculpture, might be seen / The mad affection of the Cretan queen.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sculpture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1697, Virgil, “The Sixth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "seclusion": { + "definition": "The act of secluding, shutting out or keeping apart.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin, from Latin seclusio, from secludere.", + "sentence": "Seclusion may be used only as a therapeutic measure to prevent a recipient from causing physical harm to himself or physical abuse to others.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seclusion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1809, Laws of the State of Illinois Enacted by the ... General Assembly at the Extra Session .... (1992). United States: Illinois State Journal Company, State Printers.:" + }, + "seize": { + "definition": "To deliberately take hold of; to grab or capture.", + "origin": "Earlier seise, from Middle English seisen, sesen, saisen, from Old French seisir (“to take possession of; invest (person, court)”), from Early Medieval Latin sacīre (“to lay claim to, appropriate”) (8th century) in the phrase ad propriam sacire, from Old Low Frankish *sakjan (“to sue, bring legal action”), from Proto-Germanic *sakjaną, *sakōną (compare Old English sacian (“to strive, brawl”)), from Proto-Germanic *sakaną (compare Old Saxon sakan (“to accuse”), Old High German sahhan (“to bicker, quarrel, rebuke”), Old English sacan (“to quarrel, claim by law, accuse”). Cognate to sake and Latin sāgiō (“to perceive acutely”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seize", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "selfie": { + "definition": "A photographic self-portrait, especially one taken manually (not using a timer, tripod etc.) with a small camera or mobile phone.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nMiddle English self\nEnglish self\nProto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij-\nProto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -ie\nEnglish selfie\nFrom self + -ie. Attested since 2002, originally Australian English.", + "sentence": "And sorry about the focus, it was a selfie.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/selfie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002 September 13, N. \"Hopey\" Hope, “re: Dissolvable stitches”, in ABC Online Forum, archived from the original on 23 Nov 2013:" + }, + "seller": { + "definition": "Someone who sells; a vendor; a clerk.", + "origin": "From Middle English seller, sellere, (also siller, sullar, sullere), from Old English *sellere, *syllere, equivalent to sell + -er (agent noun) (sense 1) and sell + -er (patient) (sense 2). Cognate with Danish sælger, Swedish säljare, Icelandic seljari (“a seller; dealer”).", + "sentence": "Alisha was a seller of fine books.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seller", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "soprano": { + "definition": "The musical part higher in pitch than alto, typically encompassing the range of the treble clef.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian soprano, from Vulgar Latin *superānus, adjective from preposition Latin super (“above”). Doublet of sovereign, from the same Latin root via Old French.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/soprano", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sorbet": { + "definition": "Frozen fruit juice, sometimes mixed with egg whites, eaten as dessert or between courses of a meal.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nArabic شَرِبَ (šariba)der.\nArabic شَرْبَة (šarba)bor.\nClassical Persian شَرْبَت (šarbat)bor.\nOttoman Turkish شربت (şerbet)bor.\nItalian sorbettobor.\nMiddle French sorbetbor.\nEnglish sorbet\nBorrowed from Middle French sorbet, borrowed from Italian sorbetto, borrowed from Ottoman Turkish شربت (şerbet), borrowed from Classical Persian شَرْبَت (šarbat), borrowed from Arabic شَرْبَة (šarba), from شَرِبَ (šariba).\nDoublet of sherbet and sharbat, related to syrup.", + "sentence": "After dinner we had an orange sorbet that was very refreshing.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sorbet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "spangled": { + "definition": "Having spangles.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "I cycled the three miles each morning between hedges draped with spangled cobwebs and berried bryony.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spangled", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 216:" + }, + "spatula": { + "definition": "A croupier's tool for turning up cards in a casino.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin spatula (“a flat piece”), the diminutive form of spatha (“broad or flat tool”), from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “a broad wood or metal blade”). Doublet of spauld; compare spatha and spathe.", + "sentence": "The croupier delicately faced her other two cards with the tip of his spatula.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spatula", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1963, Ian Fleming, On Her Majesty's Secret Service:" + }, + "specificity": { + "definition": "The state of being specific rather than general.", + "origin": "From specific + -ity, perhaps modelled after French spécificité. First attested in 1829.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/specificity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "spectral": { + "definition": "Of, or pertaining to, spectres; ghostly.", + "origin": "From spectr(e) + -al.", + "sentence": "The spectral chain-rattling and moans gave me the chills.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spectral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "speculate": { + "definition": "To make an inference based on inconclusive evidence; to surmise or conjecture.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin speculātus, perfect active participle of speculor (“to watch, observe, examine, spy”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from specula (“a watchtower”), ultimately from speciō (“to look at”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/speculate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "spindle": { + "definition": "The axle of a bottom bracket.", + "origin": "From Middle English spyndel, spindle, spyndylle, from Old English spindle, spindel, alteration of earlier spinel, spinil, spinl (“spindle”), from Proto-West Germanic *spinnilu (“spindle”), equivalent to spin + -le. Cognate with Scots spindil, spinnell (“spindle”), Dutch spindel (\"spindle\"; < Middle Dutch spille, spinle), German Spindel (“spindle”), Danish spindel (“spindle”), Swedish spindel (“spindle”).\nThe dragonfly sense (noun sense 14) is a calque of Swedish slända (dragonfly/spindle); this word was introduced by New Sweden settlers.", + "sentence": "Check ball bearings for pitting, cracks, disorderly conduct; cups and cones for uneven wear; spindle for straightness.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spindle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1972, Richard Ballantine, Richard's Bicycle Book, New York: Ballantine Books, page 181:" + }, + "spiteful": { + "definition": "Filled with, or showing, spite; having a desire to annoy or harm.", + "origin": "From Middle English spytefulle. By surface analysis, spite + -ful.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spiteful", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "splurge": { + "definition": "To spend lavishly or extravagantly, especially money.", + "origin": "Possibly from a blend of splash + surge, originally US. According to the OED, onomatopoeic.", + "sentence": "They decided to splurge on the biggest banana split for dessert.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/splurge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "spreadsheet": { + "definition": "A document created with such an application.", + "origin": "From spread + sheet.", + "sentence": "For example, my own entry into the world of theorycrafting happened when I took somebody’s prot paladin spreadsheet and translated it into MATLAB code.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spreadsheet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 July 15, Theck, “TC101: Intro to Theorycrafting”, in Sacred Duty:" + }, + "sprite": { + "definition": "A spirit; a soul; a shade.", + "origin": "From Middle English sprite, spryt, spreyte, from Old French esprit (“spirit”), from Latin spīritus. Doublet of spirit, spiritus, spirytus, spright, and esprit.\n(computer graphics): First used by Danny Hillis at Texas Instruments in the late 1970s.\n(meteorology): An acronym for Stratospheric Perturbations Resulting from Intense Thunderstorm Electrification.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sprite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "spry": { + "definition": "Having great power of leaping or running; nimble; active.", + "origin": "From British dialectal sprey, from Old Norse sprækr (“nimble, lively”) from Proto-Germanic *sprēkiz (“lively”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)preg- (“to strew, jerk, sprinkle, scatter”). Cognate with Icelandic sprækur (“lively, spry”), Norwegian sprek (“lively, healthy”), dialectal Swedish sprygg (“brisk, very active, skittish”). More at spark. Related to sprack, sprig, sprug, freckle.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "squeamish": { + "definition": "Easily shocked, sickened or frightened; tending to be nauseated or nervous; oversensitive.", + "origin": "Origin obscure. Likely a merger of earlier squeamous (“squeamish”), from Middle English squaimous, queimous, from Anglo-Norman escoimus, escoymous, of unknown origin; and dialectal English sweamish, sweemish (“faint, squeamish”), from sweam (“dizziness, sudden qualm of sickness”) and dialectal sweem (“to swoon, be faint, be overcome, feel sick”), from Middle English swemen (“to grieve, make suffer, be faint of heart”), from Old English *swǣman (“to grieve, trouble, afflict”). If so, then related to swim (“to be dizzy, swoon”). See also sweam.", + "sentence": "He might have made a good doctor, had he not been so squeamish at the sight of blood.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/squeamish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "squirm": { + "definition": "To twist one's body with snakelike motions.", + "origin": "First recorded 1690's, originally used of eels; cognate with Scots squimmer (“to wriggle, squirm”). Of uncertain origin. Compare dialectal quirm, whirm (“to disappear quickly, vanish suddenly and mysteriously”), Norwegian kverva (“to turn around, take away, remove, shrink”), from Old Norse hverfa (“to turn, vanish”). Alternatively, perhaps imitative or related to worm (in the sense of writhing movement) or swarm.", + "sentence": "The prisoner managed to squirm out of the straitjacket.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/squirm", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "stagestruck": { + "definition": "Enamored of the theatre, the craft of acting or of actors/actresses.", + "origin": "From stage + struck.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stagestruck", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "semester": { + "definition": "A period or term of six months.", + "origin": "From German Semester, from New Latin sēmestris (“lasting six months”), from sex (“six”) + mēnsis (“month”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/semester", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sensory": { + "definition": "Of the physical senses or sensation.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sent-der.\nProto-Italic *sentiō\nLatin sentiō\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus\nLatin sēnsusbor.\nProto-Germanic *sinnaz\nFrankish *sinnbor.\nVulgar Latin *sennus\nOld French sensbor.\nMiddle English sense\nEnglish sense\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -tōriusder.\nMiddle English -orie\nEnglish -ory\nEnglish sensory\nFrom sense + -ory.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sensory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "September": { + "definition": "The ninth month of the Gregorian calendar, following August and preceding October, containing the southward equinox.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *septḿ̥\nEtymology tree\nProto-Afroasiatic *sṗɣ?\nProto-Semitic *šabʕ-bor.?\nProto-Indo-European *septḿ̥\nProto-Italic *septəm\nLatin septem\nLatin September\nOld French septembreder.\nOld English\nMiddle English\nEnglish September\nFrom Middle English, from late Old English, from Old French septembre, Latin September (“seventh month”), from septem (“seven”), which see; September was the seventh month in the Roman calendar.", + "sentence": "Late September is a beautiful time of year.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/September", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sequel": { + "definition": "The events, collectively, which follow a previously mentioned event; the aftermath.", + "origin": "From Middle English sequele, sequelle, sequile, from Middle French sequele, sequelle and its etymon, Latin sequēla, from sequī (“to follow”). Doublet of sequela.", + "sentence": "Now here Chriſtian was worſe put to it then in his fight with Apollyon, as by the ſequel you ſhall ſee.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sequel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], →OCLC, page 75:" + }, + "serenade": { + "definition": "An instrumental composition in several movements.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French sérénade, from Italian serenata, from the past participle of serenare, from Latin serenare, from serenus (“calm”), of uncertain origin (see there).", + "sentence": "“Eine kleine Nachtmusik” is a well-known serenade written by Mozart.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/serenade", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "servitude": { + "definition": "The state of being a slave; slavery; being forced to work for others or do their bidding without one's consent or against one's will, either in perpetuity or for a period of time over which one has little or no control.", + "origin": "From Middle French servitude, from Latin servitūdō, from Latin servus (“slave”). Equivalent to serve + -itude.", + "sentence": "From an \"ideological\" point of view, it liberated art from its feudal religious and courtly servitude.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/servitude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1986, Piotr Buczkowski, Andrzej Klawiter, editors, Theories of Ideology and Ideology of Theories, Rodopi, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 57:" + }, + "sewage": { + "definition": "A suspension of water and solid waste, transported by sewers to be disposed of or processed.", + "origin": "From sewer (“system of pipes used to remove human waste and to provide drainage”) + -age or from sew (“to drain or draw off water”) + -age.", + "sentence": "Untreated sewage can pollute rivers.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sewage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "shaggy": { + "definition": "Having long, thick, and uncombed hair, fur or wool.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nOld English sċeacga\nMiddle English *schagge\nEnglish shag\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish shaggy\nFrom shag + -y.", + "sentence": "The little girl was quite frightened when she saw the great pile of shaggy wolves, but the Tin Woodman told her all.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shaggy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:" + }, + "shamrock": { + "definition": "The trefoil leaf of any small clover, especially Trifolium repens, or such a leaf from a clover-like plant, commonly used as a symbol of Ireland.", + "origin": "From Irish seamróg, from Old Irish semróc, diminutive of semar, semair (“clover”), from Proto-Celtic *semarā, *semaris (compare Gaulish uisumaris (“clover”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *semh₁r-, *smeh₁r-. Related to Old Norse smári (“clover”) and possibly Georgian სამყურა (samq̇ura, “clover”).", + "sentence": "She wore a shamrock in honor of her Irish ancestry.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shamrock", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "shindig": { + "definition": "A noisy party or festivities.", + "origin": "Origin uncertain; perhaps an alteration of shindy, or from Scottish Gaelic sìnteag (“jump, leap”).", + "sentence": "They'd get up a regular shindig, if it wasn't for making too much noise.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shindig", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1861, “Mr. and Mrs. Rasher”, in Godey's Magazine, volume 62, page 348:" + }, + "shipping": { + "definition": "The body of ships belonging to one nation, port or industry; ships collectively.", + "origin": "From Middle English schipping, schyppynge, from schippen, schipen (“to take ship, navigate”), from Old English scipian (“to take ship; put in order, equip, man a ship”), equivalent to ship + -ing.", + "sentence": "Our overplus of shipping will we burn; / And, with the rest full-mann’d, from the head of Actium / Beat the approaching Caesar.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shipping", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1606, William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, Act III, Scene 7:" + }, + "shore": { + "definition": "Land, usually near a port.", + "origin": "From Middle English schore, from Old English *sċora (attested as sċor- in placenames), from Proto-Germanic *skurô (“rugged rock, cliff, high rocky shore”). Possibly related to Old English sċieran (“to cut”), which survives today as English shear.\nCognate with Middle Dutch scorre (“land washed by the sea”), Middle Low German schor (“shore, coast, headland”), Middle High German schorre (\"rocky crag, high rocky shore\"; > German Schorre, Schorren (“towering rock, crag”)), and Limburgish sjaor (“riverbank”). Maybe connected with Norwegian Bokmål skjær.", + "sentence": "The seamen were serving on shore instead of on ships.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shore", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "simmer": { + "definition": "To cause to cook or to cause to undergo heating slowly at or below the boiling point.", + "origin": "From alteration of dialectal simper, from Middle English simperen (“to simmer”), of possibly imitative origin. First attested in the intransitive sense. The noun is from the verb. First attested in the late 15ᵗʰ century.", + "sentence": "Simmer the soup for five minutes, then serve.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/simmer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sister": { + "definition": "A daughter of the same parents as another person; a female sibling.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥\nProto-Indo-European *su-h₁ésh₂-ōr?\nProto-Indo-European *swé\nProto-Indo-European *-sōr\n?\nProto-Indo-European *swésōrder.\nProto-Germanic *swestēr\nProto-West Germanic *swester\nOld English sweostor\nMiddle English suster\nEnglish sister\nInherited from Middle English suster, from Old English sweostor, from Proto-West Germanic *swester, from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.\nDoublet of soror. Cognate with Scots sister, syster (“sister”), West Frisian sus, suster (“sister”), Dutch zuster (“sister”), German Schwester (“sister”), Norwegian Bokmål søster (“sister”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish syster (“sister”), Icelandic systir (“sister”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍂 (swistar, “sister”), Latin soror (“sister”), Russian сестра́ (sestrá, “sister”), Lithuanian sesuo (“sister”), Albanian vajzë (“girl, maiden”), Sanskrit स्वसृ (svásṛ, “sister”), Persian خواهر (xâhar, “sister”).\nIn standard English, the form with i is due to contamination with Old Norse systir (“sister”).\nThe plural sistren is from Middle English sistren, a variant plural of sister, suster (“sister”); compare brethren.\nThe sense for \"Adelpha-genus butterfly\" is a semantic loan from translingual Adelpha, itself from Ancient Greek ἀδελφή (adelphḗ, “sister”).", + "sentence": "My sister is always driving me crazy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sister", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "situation": { + "definition": "The combination of circumstances at a given moment; a state of affairs.", + "origin": "From Middle English situacioun, situacion, from Middle French situation, from Medieval Latin situatio (“position, situation”), from situare (“to locate, place”), from Latin situs (“a site”). By surface analysis, situate + -ion.", + "sentence": "The United States is in an awkward situation with debt default looming.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/situation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "skimmed": { + "definition": "Of milk: with all of the cream removed.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skimmed", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "skirmish": { + "definition": "Any minor dispute.", + "origin": "From Middle English skirmish (as a verb), from Old French escarmouche (“skirmish”), from Italian scaramuccia, earlier schermugio. Doublet of escarmouche, Scaramouche, and Scaramucci.", + "sentence": "Three people were arrested after a skirmish in a bar.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skirmish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "skydiving": { + "definition": "The practice of performing acrobatic movements during the freefall phase of a parachute jump.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skydiving", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "slab": { + "definition": "A large, flat piece of solid material; a solid object that is large and flat.", + "origin": "From Middle English sclabbe, slabbe, of uncertain origin; possibly from *slap, related to dialectal slappel (“portion, piece”), along with slape (“slippery”), sleip (“smooth piece of timber”), borrowed through Old Norse sleipr from Proto-Germanic *slaipaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leyb-. See also Norwegian sleip (“slippery”) and Icelandic sleipur.", + "sentence": "You mean those few sodden logs tied together and that dingy slab of rough concrete.”", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/slab", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Ryan Humphreys, The Flirtations of Dan Harris, page 73:" + }, + "sloop": { + "definition": "A single-masted sailboat with only one headsail.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Dutch sloep. Doublet of chalupa and shallop.", + "sentence": "Cooke had had a sloop yacht built at Far Harbor, the completion of which had been delayed, and which was but just delivered.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sloop", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter X, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:" + }, + "slovenly": { + "definition": "Having an untidy appearance; unkempt.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish sloven\nProto-Indo-European *leyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *līkąder.\nProto-Germanic *-līkaz\nProto-West Germanic *-līk\nOld English -līċ\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish slovenly\nFrom sloven + -ly.", + "sentence": "Which would you sooner employ, a boy who was plainly, yet neatly clad, or one who had a slovenly appearance, though dressed in fine clothes?", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/slovenly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1857, M[arcellus] F. Cowdery, “Lesson XVI. Be Neat.”, in Elementary Moral Lessons For Schools and Families, Philadelphia: H. Cowperthwait & Co., page 132:" + }, + "slurry": { + "definition": "Any flowable suspension of small particles in liquid.", + "origin": "Unclear; probably related to Middle English sloor (“thin or fluid mud”); compare slur. From mid-15th c.", + "sentence": "Whenever solid materials are in particulate form transportation in the form of a slurry is possible.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/slurry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002, R. Peter King, Introduction to Practical Fluid Flow, page 81:" + }, + "snitch": { + "definition": "A tiny morsel.", + "origin": "Origin uncertain. Perhaps an alteration of Middle English snacche (“a trap, snare”), snacchen (“to seize (prey)”, whence modern English snatch). Compare also Middle English snik snak (“a sudden blow, snap”). Alternatively, perhaps from a dialectal variant of sneak, from Middle English sniken, from Old English snīcan (“to creep; crawl”). More at sneak, snatch.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snitch", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sodden": { + "definition": "Soaked or drenched with liquid; soggy, saturated.", + "origin": "From Middle English sodden, soden, from Old English soden, ġesoden, from Proto-Germanic *sudanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *seuþaną (“to seethe; boil”). Cognate with West Frisian sean, Dutch gezoden (“seethed, boiled”) (related to Dutch zode (“swampy land”)), Low German saden, söddt,\nGerman gesotten, Swedish sjuden, Icelandic soðinn. More at seethe.", + "sentence": "It is found, indeed, that meat, roaſted by a fire of peat or turf, is more ſodden than when coal is employed for that purpoſe.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sodden", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1810, James Millar, editor, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 4th edition, volume XII, page 702:" + }, + "solicit": { + "definition": "To persistently endeavor to obtain an object, or bring about an event.", + "origin": "From Middle English soliciten, solliciten, from Old French soliciter, solliciter, borrowed from Latin sollicitō (“stir, disturb; look after”), from sollicitus (“agitated, anxious, punctilious”, literally “thoroughly moved”), from sollus (“whole, entire”) + perfect passive participle of cieō (“shake, excite, cite, to put in motion”).", + "sentence": "Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me?", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solicit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1717, Alexander Pope, “Eloisa to Abelard”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, →OCLC:" + }, + "solidity": { + "definition": "The state or quality of being solid.", + "origin": "From solid + -ity, from Middle French solidité, from Latin soliditās.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solidity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "solitude": { + "definition": "Aloneness; the state of being alone, solitary, or by oneself.", + "origin": "From Middle English solitude, from Old French solitude, from Latin sōlitūdō. By surface analysis, sole + -itude.", + "sentence": "Cranks like Rousseau made solitude glamorous, but sensible people agreed that it was really terrible.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solitude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1975, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, →ISBN, page 193:" + }, + "solstice": { + "definition": "One of the two points in the ecliptic at which the sun is furthest from the celestial equator. This corresponds to one of two days in the year when the day is either longest or shortest.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥\nLatin sōl\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti\nProto-Italic *sistō\nLatin sistō\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nLatin sōlstitiumlbor.\nOld French solsticebor.\nMiddle English solstice\nEnglish solstice\nFrom Middle English solstice, from Old French solstice, from Latin sōlstitium.", + "sentence": "The point at which the sun is nearest to the south pole we call the winter solstice, and the opposite point, the summer solstice.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solstice", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Capt Sp Meek, The Solar Magnet:" + }, + "solvency": { + "definition": "The state of having enough funds or liquid assets to pay all of one's debts; the state of being solvent.", + "origin": "From solvent + -cy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solvency", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "stamina": { + "definition": "The energy and strength for continuing to do something over a long period of time; power of sustained exertion, or resistance to hardship, illness etc.", + "origin": "From Latin stāmina, plural of stāmen.", + "sentence": "He has a lot of stamina.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stamina", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "stampede": { + "definition": "A situation in which many people in a crowd are trying to move in the same direction at the same time, especially in consequence of a panic.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Mexican Spanish estampida (“a stampede”), from Spanish estampida, estampido (“a bang, a crack (sound)”), from Old Occitan estampida, from Gothic *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*stampjan), from Proto-Germanic *stampōną (“to compress, squeeze; to stamp”), from Proto-Indo-European *stembʰ- (“to trample down”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "Say, Smoke, this ain't no stampede.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stampede", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1912 October, Jack London, “The Stampede to Squaw Creek”, in Smoke Bellew, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co, →OCLC, page 75:" + }, + "stance": { + "definition": "The manner, pose, or posture in which one stands.", + "origin": "From Middle English staunce (“place to stand; battle station; position; standing in society; circumstance, situation; stanchion”), from Old French estance (“predicament; situation; sojourn, stay”) (compare modern French stance (“stanza; position one stands in when golfing”)), from Italian stanza (“room, standing place; stanza”), from Vulgar Latin *stantia, from Latin stō (“to stand; to remain, stay”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”). The word is cognate with Spanish estante (“shelf”) and a doublet of stanza.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\nCompare typologically Czech postoj (“stance (the way of holding a body); stance (point of view)”) (cognate via PIE). Also see position, posture.", + "sentence": "The fencer’s stance showed he was ready to begin.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "standee": { + "definition": "A free-standing, rigid print, usually of a person or character (often life-sized), meant as a representation of a 3d object, commonly displayed for advertising and promotional purposes.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *standaną\nProto-West Germanic *standan\nOld English standan\nMiddle English stonden\nEnglish stand\nEnglish -ee\nEnglish standee\nFrom stand + -ee.", + "sentence": "He took a picture of me with a standee of Darth Vader at the premiere of Star Wars: Episode III.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/standee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "steampunk": { + "definition": "A subgenre of science fiction that depicts advanced technology combined with Victorian style and aesthetics, such as steam-powered machines and vehicles, visible gears and screws and people dressed in 19th-century attires.", + "origin": "From steam + -punk, by analogy with cyberpunk, coined by science-fiction writer Kevin Wayne Jeter (born 1950) in a 1987 letter to the magazine Locus in response to a review of his book Infernal Devices published the same year (see the quotation below).", + "sentence": "Lovers of steampunk will find it especially pleasing.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/steampunk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 November 3, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Boxes with functions across the centuries”, in RAIL, number 943, page 57:" + }, + "stencil": { + "definition": "A thin sheet, either perforated or using some other technique, with which a pattern may be produced upon a surface; a utensil that contains a perforated sheet.", + "origin": "Likely a nominalization of Middle English stencellen (“to garnish with bright hues”), borrowed from Middle French estinceller (“to glisten”), from Old French estenceler (“to spark”), from Old French estencele (“spark”), from Vulgar Latin *stincilla, from metathesis of Latin scintilla (“spark”).\nThe verb is from the noun.", + "sentence": "You do not necessarily need to have a stencil brush to paint over a stencil.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stencil", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015, Margaret Peot, Stencil Craft: Techniques for Fashion, Art and Home, Penguin, →ISBN:" + }, + "stereotypical": { + "definition": "Pertaining to a stereotype; conventional.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish stereotype\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish stereotypical\nFrom stereotype + -ical.", + "sentence": "A drag queen may not comfortably fit the stereotypical homesteader mold.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stereotypical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 March 30, Scottie Andrew, “Queer and trans homesteaders are conquering the social media frontier”, in CNN:" + }, + "sterling": { + "definition": "Former British gold or silver coinage of a standard fineness (0.91666 for gold and 0.925 for silver).", + "origin": "From Middle English sterling, possibly from Old English *steorling, from steorra (“star”) and -ling, in reference to the stars that appeared on certain English pennies. Alternatively, the first element may be *stēre, meaning “strong” or “stout” (compare the etymology of solidus).", + "sentence": "But King John vvas undoubtedly the firſt vvho introduced Sterling Money in Ireland.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sterling", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1745, Stephen Martin Leake, “John, A.D. 1199”, in An Historical Account of English Money, from the Conquest, to the Present Time; […], 2nd edition, London: […] W. Meadows, […], →OCLC, page 62:" + }, + "sternum": { + "definition": "The breastbone, consisting of the manubrium, gladiolus, and xiphoid process.", + "origin": "Borrowed from New Latin sternum, related to Old English steorn (“forehead”), German Stirn (“forehead”).", + "sentence": "The neckline fell into a V, showing the bone of his sternum.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sternum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020, Akwaeke Emezi, The Death of Vivek Oji, Faber & Faber, page 231:" + }, + "steroid": { + "definition": "Any anabolic hormone used to promote muscle growth or athletic performance.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-\nProto-Hellenic *kʰolā́\nAncient Greek χολή (kholḗ)\nProto-Indo-European *ster-der.\nAncient Greek στερεός (stereós)\nFrench cholestérine\nFrench cholestérolbor.\nEnglish cholesterol\nEnglish sterol\nAncient Greek -ο- (-o-)der.\nLatin -o-\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *wéydos\nProto-Hellenic *wéidos\nAncient Greek εἶδος (eîdos)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ēs\nProto-Hellenic *-ēs\nAncient Greek -ης (-ēs)\nAncient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs)\nLatin -oīdēslbor.\nEnglish -oid\nEnglish steroid\nFrom sterol + -oid.", + "sentence": "Men may also have fertility challenges, especially if their hypogonadism was caused by anabolic steroid use.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/steroid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018 June 25, James Roland, “What is Hypergonadism?”, in Healthline:" + }, + "stewardship": { + "definition": "The act of caring for or improving with time.", + "origin": "From Middle English stiwardshepe, equivalent to steward + -ship.", + "sentence": "Foresters believe in stewardship of the land.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stewardship", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "stomach": { + "definition": "The belly.", + "origin": "From Middle English stomak, from Old French estomac, from Latin stomachus, from Ancient Greek στόμαχος (stómakhos), from στόμα (stóma, “mouth”).\nPartially displaced native Old English maga, whence Modern English maw.", + "sentence": "Why did you hit me in the stomach?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stomach", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "storm": { + "definition": "Any disturbed state of the atmosphere causing destructive or unpleasant weather, especially one affecting the earth's surface involving strong winds (leading to high waves at sea) and usually lightning, thunder, and precipitation.", + "origin": "From Middle English storm (“disturbed state of the atmosphere; heavy precipitation; battle, conflict; attack”) [and other forms], from Old English storm (“tempest, storm; attack; storm of arrows; disquiet, disturbance, tumult, uproar; onrush, rush”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *sturm (“storm”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to propel; to urge on”). Related to stir.\nCognates\n* Danish storm (“storm”)\n* Dutch storm (“storm”)\n* German Sturm (“storm”)\n* Icelandic stormur (“storm”)\n* Low German storm (“storm”)\n* Norwegian Bokmål storm (“storm”)\n* Norwegian Nynorsk storm (“storm”)\n* Scots storm (“storm”)\n* Swedish storm (“storm”)\n* West Frisian stoarm (“storm”)", + "sentence": "The boat was torn to pieces in the storm, and nobody survived.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/storm", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "stowaway": { + "definition": "A person who hides on board a ship, train, etc. so as to get a free passage.", + "origin": "From stow away, from stow and away.", + "sentence": "My client is an infant, a poor foreign immigrant who started scratch as a stowaway and is now trying to turn an honest penny.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stowaway", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1922 February 2, James Joyce, “[15]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company […], →OCLC:" + }, + "strong": { + "definition": "Capable of producing great physical force.", + "origin": "From Middle English strong, strang, from Old English strang (“strong”), from Proto-West Germanic *strang (“severe, strict, rigorous, strong”), from Proto-Germanic *strangaz (“tight, strict, straight, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“taut, stiff, tight”).\nCognate with Scots strang (“strong”), West Frisian strang, string (“strict, harsh, severe, stern, stark, tough, strong, intense”), Dutch streng (“strict, severe, tight”), dialectal Dutch strang (“tight, strict, powerful, intense, mighty, strong”), German streng (“strict, severe, austere”), Danish and Norwegian streng (“strong, hard”), Norwegian strang (“strong, harsh, bitter”), Swedish sträng, strang (“severe, strict, harsh”), Faroese and Icelandic strangur (“strict”), Latin stringō (“tighten”). Related to strict and string.", + "sentence": "The man was nearly drowned after a strong undercurrent swept him out to sea.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/strong", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "stubble": { + "definition": "Short, coarse hair, especially on a man’s face.", + "origin": "From Middle English stuble, from Anglo-Norman stuble, estuble, from Old French estoble, esteule (whence Modern French éteule), from Latin stipula (“stalk, straw”). Cognate with Dutch stoppel, Central German Stoppel, Upper German Stupfel. Doublet of stipule.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stubble", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "stupefy": { + "definition": "To astonish or stun, especially as a result of some distressing action.", + "origin": "From Middle French stupéfier, from Latin stupefaciō (“strike dumb, stun with amazement, stupefy”), from stupeō (“to be stunned, speechless”) (see English stupid, stupor) + faciō (“to do, make”).", + "sentence": "The police's negligence and callousness continued to stupefy her.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stupefy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "substitute": { + "definition": "To use X in place of Y.", + "origin": "From Middle English substituten, from Latin substitutus, past participle of substituō, from sub- (“under; beneath”) + statuō (“to put up; establish”). Displaced native Old English spala (“a substitute”) and spelian (“to substitute”).", + "sentence": "I had to substitute new parts for the old ones.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/substitute", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "suffix": { + "definition": "A morpheme added at the end of a word to modify the word's meaning.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin suffīxus (“suffix”), from sub- (“under”) + fīxus (perfect passive participle of fīgere (“to fasten, fix”)), equivalent to sub- + -fix.", + "sentence": "The suffix \"-able\" changes \"sing\" into \"singable\".", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suffix", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "suitable": { + "definition": "Having sufficient or the required properties for a certain purpose or task; appropriate to a certain occasion.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *sékʷetor\nProto-Italic *sekʷōr\nVulgar Latin sequor, sequi\nVulgar Latin *sequere\nVulgar Latin *sequita\nOld French siute\nAnglo-Norman suitebor.\nMiddle English sute\nEnglish suit\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ābilis\nOld French -ablebor.\nMiddle English -able\nEnglish -able\nEnglish suitable\nFrom suit + -able.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suitable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "summary": { + "definition": "Concise, brief, or presented in a condensed form; presenting information in such a form.", + "origin": "From Middle English summary, from Medieval Latin summārius, from Latin summa (“total, sum”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives).", + "sentence": "A summary review is in the appendix.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/summary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sunflower": { + "definition": "Any plant of the genus Helianthus, so called probably from the form and color of its floral head, having the form of a large disk surrounded by yellow ray flowers.", + "origin": "From sun + flower. Compare English sunbloom.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sunflower", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sunseeker": { + "definition": "A person who enjoys exposure to sunlight; an avid sunbather.", + "origin": "From sun + seeker.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sunseeker", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "surly": { + "definition": "Threatening, menacing, gloomy.", + "origin": "16th-century alteration of sirly, from sir + -ly.", + "sentence": "The surly weather put us all in a bad mood.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "surplus": { + "definition": "That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus; overage.", + "origin": "From Middle English surplus, from Middle French surplus. Compare French surplus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surplus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "swannery": { + "definition": "A place where swans are bred.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish swan\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ie\nOld French -eriebor.\nMiddle English -erie\nEnglish -ery\nEnglish swannery\nFrom swan + -ery.", + "sentence": "For years a large swannery existed among the islands, and the “king's swanner” used to come down and hold his periodical courts.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/swannery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1858, Walter White, chapter 6, in A Month In Yorkshire, page 40:" + }, + "sweltering": { + "definition": "hot and humid; oppressively sticky", + "origin": "From swelter + -ing.", + "sentence": "The day was sweltering, so Lauren put on the shortest pair of shorts she could find and went to get ice-cream with her friend Rob.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sweltering", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sword": { + "definition": "A long bladed weapon with a grip and typically a pommel and crossguard (together forming a hilt), which is designed to cut, stab, slash and/or hack.", + "origin": "Inherited from West Midland Middle English sword (swerd in most dialects), from Old English sweord (“sword”), from Proto-West Germanic *swerd (“sword”), from Proto-Germanic *swerdą (“sword”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂w- (“sharp”).\nCognates\nCognate with North Frisian Swērt, Swiirt, swörd (“sword”), Saterland Frisian Swid, Swäid (“sword”), West Frisian swurd (“sword”), Dutch zwaard (“sword”), German Schwert (“sword”), Luxembourgish Schwäert (“sword”), Vilamovian świert (“sword”), Yiddish שווערד (shverd, “sword”), Danish sværd (“sword”), Faroese svørð (“sword”), Icelandic sverð (“sword”), Norn svird (“small longish object”), Norwegian Bokmål sverd (“sword”), Norwegian Nynorsk sverd, svørd (“sword”), Swedish svärd (“sword”); also Belarusian све́рдзел (svjérdzjel, “drill, drill bit”), Bulgarian свре́дел (svrédel, “drill, drill bit”), Czech svider (“drill bit”), Polish świder (“drill”), Russian сверло́ (sverló, “auger, bore, drill, drill bit”), Serbo-Croatian свр̏дло, svȑdlo (“auger”), Slovene sveder (“drill”), Ukrainian све́рдел (svérdel), све́рдло (svérdlo, “drill bit”).", + "sentence": "He took out his sword and stabbed the man in the stomach.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sword", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sympathy": { + "definition": "A feeling of pity or sorrow for the suffering or distress of another.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French sympathie, from Late Latin sympathīa (“feeling in common”), from Ancient Greek σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰ (sŭmpắtheiă, “fellow feeling”), from σῠμπᾰθής (sŭmpăthḗs, “affected by like feelings; exerting mutual influence, interacting”) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, “-y”, nominal suffix). Equivalent to sym- (“acting or considered together”) + -pathy (“feeling”).", + "sentence": "Sympathy may pay well in the short term, but if you cash in on sympathy, it will take everything from you in the long run.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sympathy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018, Sergeant first class Greg Stube, Conquer Anything: A Green Beret’s Guide to Building Your A-Team:" + }, + "system": { + "definition": "A set of equations involving the same variables, which are to be solved simultaneously.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱómder.?\nProto-Indo-European *sem-der.?\nProto-Hellenic *ksún\nAncient Greek σύν (sún)\nAncient Greek συν- (sun-)\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti\nProto-Hellenic *hístāmi\nAncient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi)\nAncient Greek σῠνῐ́στημῐ (sŭnĭ́stēmĭ)\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Hellenic *-mə\nAncient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)\nAncient Greek σύστημα (sústēma)bor.\nLate Latin systēma\nMiddle French systemebor.\nEnglish system\nPartly borrowed from Middle French sisteme, systeme, partly directly from its etymon Late Latin systēma (“harmony; musical scale; set of celestial objects; set of troops; system”), from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠνίστημῐ (sŭnístēmĭ, “to combine, organize”) + -μᾰ (-mă, resultative suffix). σῠνίστημῐ is from σῠν- (sŭn-, “with, together”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”).\nCognate with Dutch systeem, modern French système, German System, Italian sistema, Portuguese sistema, Spanish sistema. Doublet of systema.", + "sentence": "The main idea is to reduce a given system of equations to another simpler system that has the same solutions.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/system", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017, Ken Levasseur, Al Doerr, “More Matrix Algebra”, in Applied Discrete Structures – Part 2: Algebraic Structures: Version 3.3, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, →ISBN, section 12.1.1 (Solutions), page 59:" + }, + "talent": { + "definition": "A marked natural ability or skill.", + "origin": "From Middle English talent, from Old English talente, borrowed from the plural of Latin talentum (“a Grecian weight; a talent of money”), from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance, a particular weight, especially of gold, sum of money, a talent”). Compare Old High German talenta (“talent”). Later figurative senses are from Old French talent (“talent, will, inclination, desire”), derived from the biblical Parable of the Talents.", + "sentence": "He has a real talent for drawing.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/talent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "tango": { + "definition": "A Spanish flamenco dance with different steps from the Argentine.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Rioplatense Spanish tango, probably from a Niger-Congo language (compare Ibibio tamgu (“to dance”)).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tango", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tase": { + "definition": "to operate a taser or electroshock stun gun, by using it against a subject", + "origin": "Back-formation from taser, from the trademark Taser, by reinterpretation as tase + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tase", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tawny": { + "definition": "Of a light brown to brownish orange colour; orangey brown tinged with gold.", + "origin": "The adjective is derived from Middle English tauni, tawne (“having a brownish-orange colour”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman taune, tawné, and Old French tané, tanné, tanney (“of a tan colour”), an adjective use of the past participle of taner (“to turn hide into leather, tan”), from tan (“pulped oak bark used to tan leather, tanbark”), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)dʰnwos, *(s)dʰonu (“fir”).\nThe -aw- spelling (also -au- in Middle English) seems to have been due to the pronunciation of Old French tané.\nThe verb is derived from the adjective.\nCognates\n* Breton tann\n* Medieval Latin tannāre (“to dye a tawny color; to tan”)\n* Old Irish caerthann (“rowan”)", + "sentence": "There were the tawny rocks, like lions couchant, defying the ocean, whose waves incessantly dashed against and scoured them with vast quantities of gravel.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tawny", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1865, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, “The Shipwreck”, in [Sophia Thoreau; William Ellery Channing], editors, Cape Cod, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 14:" + }, + "technician": { + "definition": "A person who studies or practises technology; an expert in a particular technology.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish technic\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānusbor.\nEnglish -ian\nEnglish technician\nFrom technic + -ian.", + "sentence": "The lift technician found the reason the lift wasn't working.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/technician", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "tendency": { + "definition": "A likelihood of behaving in a particular way or going in a particular direction; a tending toward.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin tendentia, from tendens, present participle of tendō.", + "sentence": "Denim has a tendency to fade.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tendency", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "terrier": { + "definition": "A collection of acknowledgments of the vassals or tenants of a lordship, containing the rents and services they owed to the lord, etc.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman terrier, from Old French terrier (“of earth”, adjective), from Medieval Latin terrarius (“of earth”), from Latin terra (“earth”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terrier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "thespian": { + "definition": "Of, or relating to drama and acting; dramatic, theatrical.", + "origin": "From Latin Thespis, from the name of the Ancient Greek actor Thespis (fl. 6th century BCE), from Θέσπις (Théspis) + -ian.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thespian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "thicket": { + "definition": "A dense, but generally small, growth of shrubs, bushes or small trees; a copse.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English *thikket, from Old English þiccet, from þicce (“thick”) + Old English nominal suffix -et. Compare similar German Dickicht (“thicket”), which is first attested in the 17th century, however.\nCompare typologically Bulgarian гъстак (găstak), Macedonian густеж (gustež), Czech houští, Polish gęstwina (< *gǫstъ); Latin dūmus (akin to Latin dense).", + "sentence": "It bolted for a thicket of alders.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thicket", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter 18, in The Picture of Dorian Gray:" + }, + "thievery": { + "definition": "The act of theft, the act of stealing.", + "origin": "From thieve + -ery. Compare Old Frisian deverie (\"thievery; theft\"; > West Frisian dieverij; Saterland Frisian Däiweräi), Dutch dieverij (“thievery”), German Low German Deveree (“thievery; theft”), German Dieberei (“thievery”), Danish tyveri (“thievery; theft; larceny”), Swedish tjuveri (“thievery”).", + "sentence": "This instance of thievery will not be overlooked.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thievery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "thorn": { + "definition": "That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome.", + "origin": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\nCognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňi, tai (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).", + "sentence": "There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thorn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 12:7:" + }, + "thrift": { + "definition": "The characteristic of using a minimum of something (especially money).", + "origin": "From Middle English thrift, thryfte, þrift, from Old Norse þrift (“thriving condition, prosperity”). Equivalent to thrive + -t.", + "sentence": "His thrift can be seen in how little the trashman takes from his house.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thrift", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "throughout": { + "definition": "In every part of; all through.", + "origin": "From Old English þurh ūt, equivalent to through + out. Compare German durchaus (“all the way, fully, absolutely”).", + "sentence": "But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries.", + "part_of_speech": "preposition", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/throughout", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:" + }, + "timber": { + "definition": "Trees in a forest regarded as a source of wood.", + "origin": "From Middle English tymber, from Old English timber, from Proto-West Germanic *timr, from Proto-Germanic *timrą (“building; timber”), from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“to build; to arrange”) (see Proto-Indo-European *dṓm (“home, house”)).\nCognates\nCognate with Dutch timmer (“building, construction; chamber, room”), German Zimmer (“room, timber”), Luxembourgish Zëmmer (“room”), Yiddish צימער (tsimer, “room”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål tømmer (“timber”), Faroese and Icelandic timbur (“timber, wood”), Norwegian Nynorsk timber, tymbur, tømmer (“timber”), Swedish timmer (“timber”), Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌼𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (timbrjan), 𐍄𐌹𐌼𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (timrjan, “to build, construct; to edify, strengthen”); also Breton danvez (“material, matter; fabric; fortune, wealth”), Cornish devnydh (“inhredient, material, stuff; use”), Irish and Scottish Gaelic damhna (“matter”), Welsh defnydd (“material, stuff; gear, implement, instrument; application; cause, occasion, reason”), Latin domus (“home, house”), Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos, “house; household”), Albanian dhomë (“chamber, room”), Latgalian noms (“house”), Latvian nams (“house”), Lithuanian namas (“house”), Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Russian дом (dom, “home, house”), Czech dům (“house”), Polish, Slovak, and Slovene dom (“home, house”), Serbo-Croatian до̑м, dȏm (“home, house”), Ukrainian дім (dim, “home, house; building”), Armenian տուն (tun, “home, house; family, household”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬨 (dam, “house”), Sanskrit दम् (dam, “house”), दम (dama, “home”).", + "sentence": "Soon, he convinced his uncle to show him how to harvest ash, the local timber that—cut, hauled, sliced, and hand-pounded into thin strips—is typically used.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/timber", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2026 May 14, Hannah Martin, “Fancy Baskets”, in Architectural Digest, volume 83, number 4, page 97:" + }, + "toastmaster": { + "definition": "A person who introduces speakers, and proposes toasts at a formal dinner; a master of ceremonies.", + "origin": "From toast + master.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toastmaster", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "toilsome": { + "definition": "Requiring continuous physical effort; laborious.", + "origin": "From toil + -some.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toilsome", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "transcription": { + "definition": "The act or process of transcribing, or converting spoken (or sometimes signed) language to the written form.", + "origin": "From Middle French transcription, or directly from Latin transcriptiōnem, from trānscrībō (“transcribe”).", + "sentence": "In other words, data are (re)constructed in the process of transcription as a result of multiple decisions that reflect both theoretical and ostensibly pragmatic considerations.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transcription", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, James Holstein, Jaber F. Gubrium, Inside Interviewing: New Lenses, New Concerns, SAGE, →ISBN, page 268:" + }, + "transference": { + "definition": "The process by which emotions and desires, originally associated with one person, such as a parent, are unconsciously shifted to another.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "They point in particular to the dynamic of \"transference,\" during which a client may re-enact a parental relationship with the therapist.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transference", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990 August 31, Laura Briggs, “Should Sex Between Therapists/Clients Be Legal”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 7, page 3:" + }, + "traverse": { + "definition": "To travel across, to go through, to pass through, particularly under difficult conditions.", + "origin": "From Middle English traversen, from Old French traverser, from Latin trans (“across”) + versus (“turned”), perfect passive participle of Latin vertere (“to turn”).", + "sentence": "He will have to traverse the mountain to get to the other side.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/traverse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "treasury": { + "definition": "A place where treasure is stored safely.", + "origin": "From Middle English tresorie, from Old French tresorie, from tresor (“treasure”), from Latin thēsaurus (“treasure”), from Ancient Greek θησαυρός (thēsaurós, “treasure house”). Displaced native Old English māþmhūs.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/treasury", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "treatise": { + "definition": "A formal, usually lengthy, systematic discourse on some subject.", + "origin": "From Middle English tretys, from Anglo-Norman tretiz and Old French traitis (“treatise, account”), from traitier (“to deal with, treat”).", + "sentence": "\"As you cannot make a speech, you must,\" said Henrietta, \"put it into a treatise.\"", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/treatise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “An Act of Parliament”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 191:" + }, + "trendy": { + "definition": "Of, or in accordance with the latest trend, fashion or hype.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *trandijan\nOld English trendan\nMiddle English trenden\nEnglish trend\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish trendy\nFrom trend + -y.", + "sentence": "I hate those trendy pre-wrinkled shirts.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trendy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "trespass": { + "definition": "An intentional interference with another's property or person.", + "origin": "Borrowed into Middle English trespas, from Old French trespas (“passage; offense against the law”), from trespasser.", + "sentence": "Network Rail has produced a free downloadable comic highlighting the consequences of railway trespass.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trespass", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020 June 17, “Stop & Examine”, in Rail, page 71:" + }, + "trifle": { + "definition": "An insignificant amount of money.", + "origin": "From Middle English trifle, trifel, triful, trefle, truyfle, trufful, from Old French trufle (“mockery”), a byform of trufe, truffe (“deception”), of uncertain origin.", + "sentence": "A trifle, some eight-penny matter.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trifle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:" + }, + "troll": { + "definition": "A person who makes or posts inflammatory or insincere statements in an attempt to lure others into combative argument for purposes of personal entertainment or to manipulate their perception, especially in an online community or discussion.", + "origin": "The verb is derived from Middle English trollen (“to go about, wander; to move (something) to and fro, rock; to roll; to turn”) [and other forms], of uncertain origin; perhaps in part from Old French troller (“to run here and there; to walk aimlessly, ramble, stroll; (hunting) to wander about looking for game”) (modern French troller); further etymology uncertain, yet probably from or related to Middle High German trollen (“to stroll, walk with short strides”) (modern German trollen (“to move slowly, trundle; to push off, toddle off”)), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *truzlōną (“to lumber”), which is probably related to *trudaną (“to step on, tread”) (see further at etymology 1). Doublet of trull.\nVerb etymology 2, verb sense 4.2.2 (“to fish using a line and bait or lures trailed behind a boat”) is possibly influenced by trail and/or trawl.\nThe noun is probably derived from the verb. Noun etymology 2, noun sense 4 (“person who makes or posts inflammatory or insincere statements in an attempt to lure others into combative argument”) is possibly influenced by troll (etymology 1).\nCognates\n* Middle Low German drullen (“to stroll”) (Low German trullen (“to troll”))", + "sentence": "To be America’s foremost troll.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/troll", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 February 28, Jonah Goldberg, “Dishonor and Incompetence in the Oval Office”, in The Dispatch:" + }, + "tropical": { + "definition": "From, or similar to, a hot, humid climate.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish tropic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish tropical\nFrom tropic + -al.", + "sentence": "We've had a lot of tropical nights this summer.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tropical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "trounce": { + "definition": "To beat severely; to thrash.", + "origin": "The origin of the verb is unknown; it is perhaps related to Old French troncer, troncher, troncir, tronchir (“to cut; to cut a piece from; to retrench”), from Old French tronce, tronche (“stump; piece of wood”). However, the English and Old French words differ in meaning.\nThe noun is derived from the verb.", + "sentence": "He moped into the schoolyard wishing she were a boy, and imagining how he would trounce her if she were.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trounce", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XX, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 162:" + }, + "trove": { + "definition": "A collection of things.", + "origin": "Originally in the phrase treasure trove, from Anglo-Norman tresor trouvé (“found treasure”), where the past participle trouvé (“found”) was interpreted in English as a noun. Doublet of trope.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trove", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "truffle": { + "definition": "Any of various edible fungi, of the genus Tuber, that grow in the soil in southern Europe; the earthnut.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French trufle, a variant of truffe (whence also Danish and Norwegian trøffel, Swedish tryffel, German Trüffel), from Old Occitan trufa, a metathesis of Late Latin tufera (plural), from Latin tūber (“truffle”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/truffle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "truly": { + "definition": "In accordance with the facts; truthfully, accurately.", + "origin": "From Middle English truely, treuly, treuli, trewely, treoweliche, treowliche, from Old English trēowlīċe (“faithfully; truly”), equivalent to true + -ly. Cognate with Dutch trouwelijk, Middle Low German truwlike, German treulich, Swedish trolig, Icelandic trygglega.", + "sentence": "He adds, very truly, that what was fatal to such philosophies as his was not Christianity but the Copernican theory.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/truly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1946, Bertrand Russell, chapter I, in History of Western Philosophy, page 27:" + }, + "trumpet": { + "definition": "A musical instrument of the brass family, generally tuned to the key of B-flat; by extension, any type of lip-vibrated aerophone, most often valveless and not chromatic.", + "origin": "From Middle English trumpet, trumpette, trompette (“trumpet”), from Old French trompette (“trumpet”), diminutive of trompe (“horn, trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa, *trumba (“trumpet”), ultimately imitative.\nCognate with Old High German trumpa, trumba (“horn, trumpet”), Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”), Old Norse trumba (“pipe; trumpet”). More at drum.\nDisplaced native English beme, from Middle English beme, from Old English bīeme.", + "sentence": "The royal herald sounded a trumpet to announce their arrival.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trumpet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "truncate": { + "definition": "To shorten (something) by, or as if by, cutting part of it off.", + "origin": "From Latin truncātus, perfect passive participle of truncō (“maim, reduce to a trunk”); see trunk as a verb.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/truncate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tunnel": { + "definition": "An underground or underwater passage.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *tend-\nProto-Indo-European *tondeh₂\nProto-Celtic *tondā\nGaulishbor.?\nMedieval Latin tunna\nOld French tone\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -lus\nLatin -ellus\nOld French -el\nOld French tonelbor.\nMiddle English tonnel\nEnglish tunnel\nFrom Middle English tonnel, from Old French tonel(e), diminutive of tone (“cask”), a word of uncertain origin and affiliation. Related to Old English tunne (“tun; cask; barrel”). More at tun.", + "sentence": "In 1865 an outfit called the East London Railway Company bought the Brunel tunnel for £800,000, and in 1869 they opened a railway through it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tunnel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 90:" + }, + "tutorial": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to a tutor; belonging to, or exercised by, a tutor.", + "origin": "The adjective is from tutor (noun) + -ial, ultimately from Latin tūtor (“watcher, protector, defender”). The noun is transferred from the adjective.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tutorial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "twilight": { + "definition": "The soft light in the sky seen before the rising and (especially) after the setting of the sun, occasioned by the illumination of the earth’s atmosphere by the direct rays of the sun and their reflection on the earth.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nFrom Middle English twilight, twyelyghte, equivalent to twi- (“double, half-”) + light, literally ‘second light, half-light’. Cognate to Scots twa licht, twylicht, twielicht (“twilight”), Low German twilecht, twelecht (“twilight”), Dutch tweelicht (“twilight, dusk”), German Zwielicht (“twilight, dusk”). Compare Old English twēone lēoht (“twilight”).", + "sentence": "I could just make out her face in the twilight.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/twilight", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "uncle": { + "definition": "The brother or brother-in-law of one’s parent.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂os\nLatin avunculus\nOld French unclebor.\nMiddle English uncle\nEnglish uncle\nFrom Middle English uncle, borrowed from Anglo-Norman uncle and Old French oncle, from Vulgar Latin *aunclum, from Latin avunculus (“maternal uncle”, literally “little grandfather”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂euh₂-n-tlo- (“little grandfather”), a dialectal diminutive of *h₂éwh₂ō (“grandfather, adult male relative other than one’s father”) (whence also Latin avus (“grandfather”)). Displaced native Middle English em (“uncle”) from Old English ēam (“maternal uncle”), containing the same Proto-Indo-European root, and Old English fædera (“paternal uncle”). Compare Saterland Frisian Unkel (“uncle”), Dutch nonkel (“uncle”), German Low German Unkel (“uncle”), German Onkel (“uncle”), Danish onkel (“uncle”). More at eam and eame.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uncle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "undercroft": { + "definition": "A cellar or vaulted storage room.", + "origin": "From under- + croft (crypt).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/undercroft", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "undergird": { + "definition": "To strengthen, secure, or reinforce by passing a rope, cable, or chain around the underside of an object.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁entér\nProto-Indo-European *h₂én\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰi\n?\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰí\nProto-Indo-European *-ér\nProto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér\nProto-Germanic *under\nProto-West Germanic *undar\nOld English under-\nMiddle English under-\nEnglish under-\nEnglish gird\nEnglish undergird\nFrom under- + gird.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/undergird", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "whey": { + "definition": "A shout for attention", + "origin": "Onomatopoeic, variation on wahey.", + "sentence": "He swayed over to the door, peered out, shouted \"whey!\" and came back, looking severe.", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whey", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1928, Ruth Manning-Sanders, Waste Corner:" + }, + "whimsical": { + "definition": "Given to whimsy.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish whimsy\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish whimsical\nFrom whimsy + -ical.", + "sentence": "The manufacturers have learned that this taste is merely whimsical.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whimsical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1854 August 9, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, Walden; or, Life in the Woods, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC:" + }, + "whirlybird": { + "definition": "A samara.", + "origin": "From whirly + bird.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whirlybird", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "whisk": { + "definition": "A quick, light sweeping motion.", + "origin": "From Middle English whisk, borrowed from Old Norse visk, from Proto-Germanic *wiskaz, *wiskō (“bundle of hay, wisp”), from Proto-Indo-European *weys-.\nCognates\nCognate with Danish visk, Dutch wis, German Wisch, Latin virga (“rod, switch”), viscus (“entrails”), Lithuanian vizgéti (“to tremble”), Czech věchet (“wisp of straw”), Sanskrit वेष्क (veṣka, “noose”).\nCompare also Old English wiscian (“to plait”), granwisc (“awn”).\nThe unetymological wh- is probably expressive of the sound; compare the same development in whip and onomatopoeias such as whack and whoosh.", + "sentence": "With a quick whisk, she swept the cat from the pantry with her broom.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whisk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "wield": { + "definition": "To exercise (authority or influence) effectively.", + "origin": "From Middle English welden, from the merger of Old English wealdan (“to control, rule”) (strong class 7) and Old English wieldan (“to control, subdue”) (weak). Both verbs derive from Proto-West Germanic *waldan and *waldijan, respectively; and are ultimately from Proto-Germanic *waldaną (“to rule”).\nThe reason for the merger was that in Middle English the -d in the stem made it hard to distinguish between strong and weak forms in the past tense.", + "sentence": "The question isn't whether AI will reshape human society—it's whether its engineers will wield that power thoughtfully.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wield", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 August 27, Dana Suskind, “AI Engineers Need Their Own Hippocratic Oath. Here’s What It Should Say”, in TIME, archived from the original on 30 Aug 2025:" + }, + "wimple": { + "definition": "A cloth which usually covers the head and is worn around the neck and chin. It was worn by women in medieval Europe and is still worn by nuns in certain orders.", + "origin": "From Middle English wympel, wimpel, from Old English wimpel (“veil, an article of women's dress; a covering for the neck, a cloak, a hood”), from Proto-Germanic *wimpilaz (“wimple, scarf, veil”). Cognate with Scots wympill (“wimple”), Dutch wimpel (“streamer, pennant”), German Wimpel (“pennant”), Swedish vimpel (“pennant, banner”), Icelandic vimpill (“hood, cowl”).", + "sentence": "The later knight has plate armour, and his wife wears a wimple.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wimple", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 54:" + }, + "wince": { + "definition": "To flinch as if in pain or distress.", + "origin": "From Middle English wyncen, from Anglo-Norman winchir (compare Old French guenchir), from Frankish *wankjan, related to *winkijan (“to flex, bend”). See also German winken.", + "sentence": "I will not stir, nor wince, nor speak a word.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wince", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:" + }, + "windbaggery": { + "definition": "The behaviour of a windbag; excessive or pompous speech; blather.", + "origin": "From windbag + -ery.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/windbaggery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wizened": { + "definition": "Withered; lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness.", + "origin": "From wizen + -ed.\nInherited from Middle English wisenen, from Old English wisnian, weosnian, from Proto-Germanic *wisnōjaną. Cognate with Icelandic visna.", + "sentence": "He was old, too, wizened with age, and the hair on his face was gray.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wizened", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1907, Jack London, chapter 7, in Before Adam:" + }, + "wring": { + "definition": "Often followed by from or out: to extract (a liquid) from something wet by squeezing, twisting, or otherwise putting pressure on it.", + "origin": "From Middle English wring, wringe, wringen, wryng, wrynge, wryngen, wryngyn, from Old English wringan (“to wring”), from Proto-Germanic *wringaną (“to squeeze, twist, wring”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wrenǵʰ- (“to squeeze, wring”).\nCognates\nCognate with Scots wring (“to wring”), Saterland Frisian wringe (“to wring”), Dutch wringen (“to wring; to wrest; to writhe”), German ringen (“to wrestle; to struggle; to wring”), wringen (“to wring”), Luxembourgish réngen (“to grapple, wrestle”); also Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “fast, nimbly, rapidly”), Lithuanian rangýti (“to roll up; to curl, twist, wave”).", + "sentence": "Put the berries into a cheesecloth and wring the juice into a bowl.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wring", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "yammer": { + "definition": "To complain peevishly.", + "origin": "From Middle English ȝameren, ȝaumeren, yemeren, ȝomeren, from Old English ġeōmrian (“to lament”), from Proto-West Germanic *jāmarōn, from Proto-Germanic *jēmarōną (“to show misery or sadness”), from Proto-Germanic *jēmaraz (“miserable, sorrowful, sad”), from Proto-Indo-European *yem- (“to hold, match, defeat”). Reinforced by cognate Middle Dutch jammeren (modern Dutch jammeren), from the same ultimate origin. Cognate also with Scots yammer, Saterland Frisian jammerje, West Frisian jammerje, German Low German jammern, German jammern, Danish jamre, Norwegian jamre. Compare also Old Norse amra (“to howl, wail, yammer”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yammer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "yawl": { + "definition": "A fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel with two masts, main and mizzen, the mizzen stepped abaft the rudder post.", + "origin": "Apparently from Low German and Middle Low German jolle, or Dutch jol, possibly ultimately from a Proto-Germanic derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewlos (“tube”), see also Lithuanian aulas, Norwegian aul, Hittite [script needed] (auli-, “tube-shaped organ in the neck”), Albanian hollë, Latin alvus.", + "sentence": "The “Nellie,” a cruising yawl, swung to her anchor without a flutter of the sails, and was at rest.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yawl", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 193:" + }, + "yeanling": { + "definition": "The newly born offspring of a goat or sheep.", + "origin": "From yean + -ling.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yeanling", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "yippee": { + "definition": "Used to express excitement or joy.", + "origin": "Of imitative origin. Perhaps an extension and modification of hip (interjection). Compare Dutch joepie (“yippee”).", + "sentence": "You'll understand, though, if I don't jump up and down and yell \"Yippee!\"", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yippee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1994, Frasier, episode 2.05:" + }, + "yonder": { + "definition": "At or in a distant but indicated place.", + "origin": "From Middle English yonder, yondre, ȝondre, ȝendre, from Old English ġeonre (“thither; yonder”, adverb), equivalent to yond (from ġeond, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz) + -er, as in hither, thither.\nCognate with Scots ȝondir (“yonder”), Saterland Frisian tjunder (“over there, yonder”), Dutch ginder (“over there; yonder”), Middle Low German ginder, gender (“over there”), German jenseits (“on the other side, beyond”), Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍂𐌴 (jaindrē, “thither”).", + "sentence": "Whose doublewide is that over yonder?", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yonder", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "yore": { + "definition": "A time long past.", + "origin": "From Middle English yore, yoare, yare, ȝore, ȝare, ȝeare, from Old English ġeāra (“long ago”), of unclear origin but probably from Proto-Germanic *jērǫ̂ (literally “of years”), the genitive plural of Proto-Germanic *jērą (“year”). More at year.", + "sentence": "This word comes from the days of yore.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yore", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "unfazed": { + "definition": "Not frightened or hesitant; undaunted; not put off; unimpressed.", + "origin": "From un- + fazed.", + "sentence": "After stumbling and landing on her face, the toddler picked herself up and continued unfazed.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unfazed", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "unfurl": { + "definition": "To unroll or release something that had been rolled up, typically a sail or a flag.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ent-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éntsder.\nProto-Germanic *anda-\nProto-West Germanic *anda-\nOld English and-\nOld English on-\nMiddle English on-\nEnglish un-\nEnglish furl\nEnglish unfurl\nFrom un- + furl.", + "sentence": "Release the line by pulling down and unfurl the jib by pulling on the two jibsheets.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unfurl", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "(Can we date this quote?), “RS Quest Rigging Instructions”, in California State University, Sacramento, page 2:" + }, + "university": { + "definition": "An institution of higher education that provides facilities for teaching, research, and the conferral of academic degrees across undergraduate, graduate, and often professional levels.", + "origin": "From Middle English universite (“institution of higher learning, body of persons constituting a university”) from Anglo-Norman université, from Old French universitei, from Medieval Latin stem of universitas, in juridical and Late Latin \"a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc\"; in Latin, \"the whole, aggregate,\" from universus (“whole, entire”). By surface analysis, universe + -ity.", + "sentence": "She's studying mathematics at university.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/university", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "uppercut": { + "definition": "A swinging blow aimed upwards at the opponent's chin.", + "origin": "From upper + cut.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uppercut", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "urgency": { + "definition": "The quality or condition of being urgent.", + "origin": "From urgent + -ency or Latin urgentia.", + "sentence": "Arsenal lacked urgency and inspiration until shortly before half-time, Wheater's block denying Van Persie from close range before Walcott drilled wide.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/urgency", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011 September 24, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 3 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC Sport:" + }, + "useful": { + "definition": "Having a practical or beneficial use.", + "origin": "From use + -ful.", + "sentence": "That’s a very useful tool for gardeners.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/useful", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "usher": { + "definition": "A person, in a church, cinema etc., who escorts people to their seats.", + "origin": "From Middle English ussher, uscher, usscher, from Anglo-Norman usser and Old French ussier, uissier (“porter, doorman”) (compare French huissier), from Vulgar Latin *ustiārius (“doorkeeper”), from Latin ōstiārius, from ōstium (“door”). Akin to ōs (“mouth”). Probably a doublet of ostiary and huissier.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/usher", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "zither": { + "definition": "A musical instrument consisting of a flat sounding box with numerous strings placed on a horizontal surface, played with a plectrum or fingertips.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Zither, from Old High German zithara, from Latin cithara, from Ancient Greek κιθάρα (kithára, “a kind of harp”). Doublet of cithara, cither, and guitar.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zither", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "various": { + "definition": "More than one (of an indeterminate set of things).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French varieux, from Latin varius (“manifold, diverse, various, parti-colored, variegated, also changing, changeable, fickle, etc.”). By surface analysis, vary + -ous.", + "sentence": "Various books have been taken.", + "part_of_speech": "det", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/various", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "varnish": { + "definition": "A deceptively showy appearance.", + "origin": "From Middle English vernisch, vernish, from Old French vernis, from Medieval Latin vernix, veronix, from Byzantine Greek Βερενίκη (Bereníkē, “Berenice”), a town in Cyrenaica, now called Benghazi.", + "sentence": "And set a double varnish on the fame / The Frenchman gave you.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/varnish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vii]:" + }, + "varsity": { + "definition": "The principal sports team representing an institution (usually a high school, college, or university.)", + "origin": "First attested in the mid-17th century. Clipping of univarsity, reflecting an archaic pronunciation of university.", + "sentence": "A small Pennsylvania university has only one varsity program: e-sports.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/varsity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019 November 13, Luke Winkie, “Why Colleges Are Betting Big on Video Games”, in The Atlantic:" + }, + "vascular": { + "definition": "Relating to the flow of fluids, such as blood, lymph, or sap, through the body of an animal or plant, or to the vessels that carry such fluids", + "origin": "From New Latin vasculāris, from Latin vasculum, diminutive of vas (“vessel”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vascular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vassal": { + "definition": "The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service.", + "origin": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vassal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vault": { + "definition": "An arched masonry structure supporting and forming a ceiling, whether freestanding or forming part of a larger building.", + "origin": "From Middle English vaute, vowte, from Old French volte (modern voûte), from Vulgar Latin *volta < *volvita or *volŭta, a regularization of Latin volūta (compare modern volute (“spire”)), the past participle of volvere (“roll, turn”). Cognate with Spanish vuelta (“turn”) and Portuguese volta (\"turn\"). Doublet of volute. Displaced native Old English hwealf.", + "sentence": "The decoration of the vault of Sainte-Chapelle was much brighter before its 19th-century restoration.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vault", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "visibility": { + "definition": "The degree to which things may be seen.", + "origin": "From Middle French visibilité, from Late Latin visibilitas; equivalent to visible + -ity.", + "sentence": "The visibility from that angle was good.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/visibility", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "vlogging": { + "definition": "The keeping of a vlog (video weblog).", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vlogging", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vocabulary": { + "definition": "The collection of words a person knows and uses.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wekʷ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wokʷ-der.\nLatin voc(ā)\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nLatin -bulum\nLatin vocābulum\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārium\nMedieval Latin vocābulāriumlbor.\nEnglish vocabulary\nLearned borrowing from Medieval Latin vocābulārium. Doublet of vocabularium.", + "sentence": "My Russian vocabulary is very limited.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vocabulary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "volcano": { + "definition": "A vent or fissure on the surface of a planet (usually in a mountainous form) with a magma chamber attached to the mantle of a planet or moon, periodically erupting forth lava and volcanic gases onto the surface.", + "origin": "From Italian vulcano, from Vulcano (“a small volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea”), from Latin Vulcānus (“Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and metalworking”). Doublet of bolcane and Vulcan.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/volcano", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "votive": { + "definition": "Dedicated or given in fulfillment of a vow or pledge.", + "origin": "From Middle French votif, from Latin vōtīvus (“votive”), from vōtum (“vow”).", + "sentence": "She placed a votive offering at the shrine.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/votive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "venue": { + "definition": "A neighborhood or near place; the place or county in which anything is alleged to have happened; also, the place where an action is laid, or the district from which a jury comes.", + "origin": "From Middle English venu, from Old French venue, the feminine singular past participle of the verb venir (to come). Doublet of veny.", + "sentence": "The twelve men who are to try the cause must be of the same venue where the demand is made.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/venue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:" + }, + "versatile": { + "definition": "Capable of moving freely in all directions.", + "origin": "From Latin versātilis (“turning easily”), from versātus, past participle of versō (“to turn, change”), frequentative of vertō (“to turn”).", + "sentence": "The versatile anther is an important step up in flowering plant evolution and it may be the most widespread of all simple anther types.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/versatile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1996, William G. D'Arcy, edited by William G. D'Arcy and Richard C. Keating, The anther: form, function, and phylogeny:" + }, + "version": { + "definition": "A specific form or variation of something.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French version, from Medieval Latin versiō, from Latin vertō (“to turn”). Used in English since 16th century.", + "sentence": "An extreme version of vorticity is a vortex.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/version", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 March 14, Frank Fish, George Lauder, “Not Just Going with the Flow”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 01 May 2013, page 114:" + }, + "vicinity": { + "definition": "Proximity; the state of being near.", + "origin": "From vicine + -ity, from Latin vīcīnitās (“neighborhood”) (compare French vicinité), from vīcīnus (“neighbor”) (compare French voisin), from vīcus (“village”).", + "sentence": "There was a crackling sound in the vicinity of my right ear.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vicinity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "vindictive": { + "definition": "Having a tendency to seek revenge when wronged, vengeful.", + "origin": "From Latin vindicta (“vengeance”) + -ive. Contrast Latin vindicātīvus.", + "sentence": "Lord Avonleigh was an angry rather than a vindictive man.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vindictive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXXIX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 326:" + }, + "vinegar": { + "definition": "A sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weh₁y-?\nProto-Indo-European *-ō\nProto-Indo-European *wéyh₁ōder.\nProto-Italic *wīnom\nLatin vīnum\nOld French vin\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós\nProto-Italic *akris\nClassical Latin ācer\nLate Latin ācrus\nOld French aigre\nOld French vinaigrebor.\nMiddle English vynegre\nEnglish vinegar\nFrom Middle English vynegre, from Old French vinaigre from Old French vyn egre, based on Latin vīnum (“wine”) + Latin ācer (“sour”). Displaced Old English æċed (survived in Middle English eced).", + "sentence": "In Persia, newly married couples were presented with sheep's trotters steeped in vinegar as a love enticement.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vinegar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 220:" + }, + "vineyard": { + "definition": "A grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine.", + "origin": "Equivalent to vine + yard; from Middle English vyneȝerd (circa 1300), following earlier Old English wīnġeard (“wine yard, vine yard”), with vine (from Old French vigne (“vine, vineyard”), from Latin vīnea) replacing native Old English wīn (“wine, vine”). The earlier wīnġeard may have had the sense of “vine” already, with /w/ → /v/ facilitated by common v-/w- interchange. Compare Dutch wijngaard (literally “wine garden”) and German Weingarten alongside contracted Wingert. (Dutch gaard, German Garten are cognate to English yard.)", + "sentence": "The vineyard of Château Margaux stands as the producer of one of the world's greatest and most sought-after red wines.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vineyard", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "virtually": { + "definition": "Almost but not quite.", + "origin": "From Middle English vertually; equivalent to virtual + -ly.", + "sentence": "Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/virtually", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 July 6, “The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8843, archived from the original on 01 Apr 2019, page 68:" + }, + "waiver": { + "definition": "relating to waivers", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman weyver, from waiver. Date: 1628. By surface analysis, waive + -er.", + "sentence": "Regula is another waiver-eligible player who could be lost when sent to the minors.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/waiver", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 September 24, Allan Mitchell, “Stock watch: Where every Oilers prospect stands entering 2025-26 season”, in The Athletic, The New York Times, retrieved 06 Apr 2026:" + }, + "wamble": { + "definition": "To wobble, to totter, to waver; to walk with an unsteady gait.", + "origin": "From an unknown root (possibly related to Latin vomere (“to vomit”), Norwegian vamla (“to stagger”), and Old Norse váma (“vomit”)) + -le (frequentative suffix).", + "sentence": "She may shail, but she'll never wamble.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wamble", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1886 May – 1887 April, Thomas Hardy, “Chapter 11”, in The Woodlanders […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:" + }, + "wand": { + "definition": "A player's foot used especially skillfully in football.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wendʰ-\nProto-Germanic *wanduz\nOld Norse vǫndrbor.\nMiddle English wand\nEnglish wand\nFrom Middle English wand, wond, from Old Norse vǫndr (“switch, twig”), from Proto-Germanic *wanduz (“rod”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, twist, wind, braid”). Cognate with Icelandic vendi (“wand”), Danish vånd (“wand, switch”), German Wand (“wall, septum”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (wandus, “rod”).", + "sentence": "Along with his wand of a left foot he also has great pace and can be as hard as nails.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wand", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 October 17, Lee McCulloch, Simp-Lee the Best: My Autobiography, Black & White Publishing, →ISBN:" + }, + "warning": { + "definition": "Something spoken or written that is intended to warn.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "The boss gave him a warning that he would be fired if he did not desist from his behaviour.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/warning", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "wasp": { + "definition": "Any of many types of stinging flying insect resembling a hornet.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *webʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *wóbʰseh₂\nProto-Germanic *wapsō\nProto-West Germanic *wapsu\nOld English wæps\nMiddle English wasp\nEnglish wasp\nInherited from Middle English wappes, waps, wasp, waspe, from Old English wæfs, wæps, wæsp, from Proto-West Germanic *wapsu, from Proto-Germanic *wapsō (“wasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *wóbʰseh₂ (“wasp”), from *webʰ- (“to braid, weave”), referring to the insect's woven nests.\nCognates\nCognate with North Frisian wesp (“wasp”), Saterland Frisian Häspe (“wasp”), West Frisian waps (“wasp”), Alemannic German Wespi (“wasp”), Bavarian Weps, Wepsn (“wasp”), Cimbrian bèspa (“wasp”), Dutch and Vilamovian wesp (“wasp”), German Wespe (“wasp”), Low German Weps, Wepse (“wasp”), Yiddish וועספּ (vesp), וועספּע (vespe, “wasp”), Danish hveps (“wasp”), Norwegian Bokmål veps (“wasp”), Norwegian Nynorsk kvefs (“wasp”); also Cornish goghi (“wasp”), Irish foich, foiche, puch (“wasp”), Welsh gwchi (“drone”), Latin vespa (“wasp”), Greek ανυφαίνω (anyfaíno), υφαίνω (yfaíno, “to weave”), Albanian vej (“to weave”), Latvian lapsene (“wasp”), Lithuanian vapsvà (“wasp”), Old Prussian wobse (“wasp”), Belarusian аса́ (asá, “wasp”), Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, and Ukrainian оса́ (osá, “wasp”), Czech vosa (“wasp”), Polish, Slovene, and Slovak osa (“wasp”), Serbo-Croatian о̀са, òsa (“wasp”), Armenian մոզ (moz, “a kind of fly that bites horses and cattle”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬡𐬲𐬀𐬐𐬀 (vaβžaka, “scorpion”), Central Kurdish مۆز (moz, “gadfly, horsefly”), Mazanderani ماز (mâz, “fly”), Northern Kurdish moz (“wasp; gadfly, horsefly; bee; bumblebee”), Persian بوز (bavz / bowz, “wasp”), Tocharian A wäp- (“to weave”), Tocharian B wāp- (“to weave”), Sanskrit उभ्नाति (ubhnāti, “to hurt, kill; to cover”).\nMetathesis of /s/ and /p/ was both a process of some generality within English (compare grasp from Middle English grapsen, and—affecting other plosives—ascian ~ acsian (“to ask”)) and common in the reflexes of *wóps-eh₂ (“wasp”) in particular, as the aforementioned Germanic cognates (and non-Germanic cognates like Latin vespa) evince.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wasp", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "water": { + "definition": "An inorganic compound (of molecular formula H₂O) found at room temperature and pressure as a clear liquid; it is present naturally as rain, and found in rivers, lakes and seas; its solid form is ice and its gaseous form is steam.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Germanic *watōr\nProto-West Germanic *watar\nOld English wæter\nMiddle English water\nEnglish water\nFrom Middle English water, from Old English wæter (“water”), from Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (“water”).\nCognates\n* Scots watter (“water”)\n* Yola wadher, waudher (“water”)\n* North Frisian waar, weeder, weeter, woar, woor, wååder, wåår (“water”)\n* Saterland Frisian Woater (“water”)\n* West Frisian wetter (“water”)\n* Cimbrian bassar, bazzar (“water”)\n* Dutch water (“water”)\n* Dutch Low Saxon water, wotter (“water”)\n* German Wasser (“water”)\n* German Low German Water, Woter (“water”)\n* Gottscheerish boßər, bàsser (“water”)\n* Limburgish Waater, water (“water”)\n* Luxembourgish Waasser (“water”)\n* Mòcheno bòsser (“water”)\n* Vilamovian woser (“water”)\n* West Flemish woater (“water”)\n* Yiddish וואַסער (vaser, “water”)\n* Danish vand (“water”)\n* Elfdalian wattn (“water”)\n* Faroese vatn (“water”)\n* Icelandic vatn (“water”)\n* Norwegian Nynorsk vatn (“water”)\n* Norwegian Bokmål vann (“water”)\n* Swedish vatten (“water”)\n* Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō, “water”)\n* Old Irish coin fodorne (“otters”, literally “water-dogs”)\n* Latin unda (“wave”)\n* Lithuanian vanduõ (“water”)\n* Polish woda (“water”)\n* Russian вода́ (vodá, “water”)\n* Albanian ujë (“water”)\n* Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”)\n* Armenian գետ (get, “river”)\n* Sanskrit उदन् (udán, “wave, water”)\n* Hittite 𒉿𒀀𒋻 (wa-a-tar, “water”)", + "sentence": "By the action of electricity, the water was resolved into its two parts, oxygen and hydrogen.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/water", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "wattage": { + "definition": "A person's energy or abilities.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish watt\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nLatin -āticus\nLatin -āticum\nOld French -agebor.\nMiddle English -age\nEnglish -age\nEnglish wattage\nFrom watt + -age.", + "sentence": "The combination of minimal self-awareness and dim wattage leads sufferers of this condition to overestimate their own capabilities.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wattage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022, Tina Brown, The Palace Papers: Inside the House of Windsor—the Truth and the Turmoil, Crown, →ISBN:" + }, + "wealthy": { + "definition": "Possessing financial wealth; rich.", + "origin": "From Middle English welthy, welþi, equivalent to wealth + -y. Cognate with Middle Dutch weldech, weeldech (“magnificent, luscious, lavish”).", + "sentence": "Gleefully and legally intruding upon the sanctum of the wealthy linksters, we walked the mitigation meadows.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wealthy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Robert Michael Pyle, chapter 18, in Mariposa Road, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, page 158:" + }, + "weaponry": { + "definition": "Weapons collectively", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *wēpną\nProto-West Germanic *wāpn\nOld English wēpn\nMiddle English wepen\nEnglish weapon\nMiddle English -re, -ri, -rie, -ry, -rye\nEnglish -ry\nEnglish weaponry\nFrom weapon + -ry.", + "sentence": "The army has a wide array of weaponry.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/weaponry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "welding": { + "definition": "The joining two materials (especially two metals) together by applying heat, pressure and filler, either separately or in any combination.", + "origin": "By surface analysis, weld + -ing.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/welding", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wharf": { + "definition": "An artificial landing place for ships on a riverbank or shore.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *hwerbaną\nProto-West Germanic *hwerban\nOld English hweorfan\nMiddle English wharf\nEnglish wharf\nFrom Middle English wharf, from Old English hwearf (“heap, embankment, wharf”); related to Old English hweorfan (“to turn”), Old Saxon hwerf (whence German Werft and Warft), Dutch werf, Old High German hwarb (“a turn”), hwerban (“to turn”), Old Norse hvarf (“circle”), and Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wharf", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wheedle": { + "definition": "To cajole or attempt to persuade by flattery.", + "origin": "Uncertain. Perhaps continuing Middle English wedlen (“to beg, ask for alms”), from Old English wǣdlian (“to be poor, be needy, be in want, beg”), from Proto-Germanic *wēþlōną (“to be in need”).\nAlternatively , borrowed from German wedeln (“to wag one's tail”), from Middle High German wedelen, a byform of Middle High German wadelen (“to wander, waver, wave, whip, stroke, flutter”), from Old High German wādalōn (“to wander, roam, rove”). In this case, it may be a doublet of waddle, or an independently formed etymological equivalent.\nThe ⟨wh⟩ spelling (reflecting pronunciations with /ʍ/) is apparently unetymological.", + "sentence": "I’d like one of those, too, if you can wheedle him into telling you where he got it.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wheedle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "whelp": { + "definition": "A young offspring of a various carnivores (canid, ursid, felid, pinniped), especially of a dog or a wolf, the young of a bear or similar mammal (lion, tiger, seal); a pup, wolf cub.", + "origin": "From Middle English whelp, from Old English hwelp, from Proto-West Germanic *hwelp, from Proto-Germanic *hwelpaz (compare Dutch welp, German Welpe, Welfe, Old Norse hvelpr, Norwegian Nynorsk kvelp, Danish hvalp), from pre-Germanic *kʷelbos, of uncertain origin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whelp", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "whereas": { + "definition": "In contrast; whilst on the contrary; although.", + "origin": "From where + as (“that”); first attested in the meaning of \"where\" in the 14th century. Compare thereas.", + "sentence": "He came first in the race, whereas his brother came last.", + "part_of_speech": "conj", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whereas", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "whet": { + "definition": "To make more keen or to stimulate (someone's appetite, interest, etc.); to hone, to sharpen.", + "origin": "The verb is derived from Middle English whetten (“to make the edge of (a sword, tool, etc.) sharp; to grunt, snort; to scrape the ground with (one’s feet); to make a chattering or grinding sound; (figurative) of a person: to prepare for battle; to make (one’s wit) alert or keen; to strengthen (one’s heart or will); to incite, provoke”), from Old English hwettan (“to sharpen, whet; (figurative) to encourage, incite”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwattjan (“to sharpen, whet”), from Proto-Germanic *hwatjaną (“to sharpen, whet; (figurative) to incite, instigate”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁d- (“sharp”).\nVerb sense 1.3.3 (“to inculcate or teach (habits, information, etc.)”) is from Deuteronomy 6:6–7 in the Bible (New International Version): “These commandments that I give you today are to be on your hearts. Impress them on your children.” The word translated as impress is Hebrew שָׁנַן (shanán, “to be sharp; to sharpen, whet”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.\ncognates\n* Dialectal Danish hvæde (“to whet”)\n* Dutch wetten (“to whet, sharpen”)\n* German wetzen (“to whet, sharpen”)\n* Icelandic hvetja (“to whet, encourage, catalyze”)", + "sentence": "Since Cassius first did whet me against Caesar, / I have not slept.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:" + }, + "bronze": { + "definition": "An alloy made chiefly of copper and tin, used for objects such as statues, tools, and bells.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French, which took it from Italian bronzo. The earlier origin of the Italian term is uncertain.", + "sentence": "The sculptor cast the statue in bronze.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "BeeBright, based on Wiktionary", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bronze", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + }, + "flea": { + "definition": "A small, wingless, parasitic insect of the order Siphonaptera, renowned for its bloodsucking habits and jumping abilities.", + "origin": "From Middle English fle, from Old English flēah, flēa, from Proto-West Germanic *flauh, from Proto-Germanic *flauhaz (compare West Frisian flie, Low German Flo, Flö, Dutch vlo, German Floh, Icelandic fló), from pre-Germanic *plóukos, *plówkos, from or akin to Proto-Indo-European *plus- (compare Latin pulex, Sanskrit प्लुषि (plúṣi)).\nThe archaic plural fleen is from Middle English fleen, flen, from Old English flēan (“fleas”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flea", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "buckeye": { + "definition": "Any of several species of trees of the genus Aesculus.", + "origin": "The name stems from Native Americans, who called the nut \"hetuck,\" which means \"buck eye\" (because the markings on the nut resemble the eye of a deer).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buckeye", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sudsy": { + "definition": "Having suds; having froth or lather like soapy water.", + "origin": "From suds + -y.", + "sentence": "A widespread belief in the AAF is that foam—a heavy soapy, sudsy substance—is the principal agent used in crash fire fighting .", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sudsy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1944 September, “Crash Fires: how to fight them”, in Air Force Magazine, volume 27, page 50:" + }, + "dapper": { + "definition": "Stylishly dressed, neatly dressed, spiffy.", + "origin": "From Middle English daper (“pretty, neat”), from Middle Dutch dapper (“stalwart, nimble”), Old Dutch *dapar, from Proto-Germanic *dapraz (“stout; solid; heavy; bold”) (compare German tapfer \"bold\", Norwegian daper \"saddened, dreary\"), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeb- ‘thick, heavy’ (compare Tocharian A tpär ‘high’, Latvian dàbls ‘strong’, Serbo-Croatian дебео (dèbeo) ‘fat’).", + "sentence": "Going down the street, you would meet a typical commercial traveller, dapper and alert.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dapper", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1917, P. G. Wodehouse, The Man With Two Left Feet:" + }, + "stroll": { + "definition": "A wandering on foot; an idle and leisurely walk; a ramble; a saunter.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German strollen, seemingly from Alemannic German strollen; related to Strolch (“vagabond; rascal”) and strolchen.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stroll", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cress": { + "definition": "A plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves have a moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and antiscorbutic.", + "origin": "From Middle English cresse, crasse, from Old English cressa, cærse (“cress”), from Proto-West Germanic *krassjō, from Proto-Germanic *krasjô (“cress”). Cognate with West Frisian kers (“cress”), Dutch kers (“cress”), German Kresse (“cress”), Danish karse (“cress”), Swedish krasse (“cress”), Icelandic krassi (“cress”).", + "sentence": "Marcus Empiricus, a Roma physician, prescribed three scruples of cress, three of red onion, three of pine seed, three of Indian nard, for impotence.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cress", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 70:" + }, + "bestie": { + "definition": "A best friend.", + "origin": "From best + -ie.", + "sentence": "You're supposed to be my bestie, Mel.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bestie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, Brigid Lowry, Things You Either Hate Or Love:" + }, + "cereal": { + "definition": "A type of grass (such as wheat, rice or oats) cultivated for its edible grains.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French céréale (“having to do with cereal”), from Latin Cerealis (“of or relating to Ceres”), from Ceres (“Roman goddess of agriculture”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“grow”), from which also Latin sincerus (English sincere) and Latin crēscō (“grow”) (English crescent). The adjective is equivalent to Cere(s) + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cereal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "silence": { + "definition": "The absence of any sound.", + "origin": "From Middle English silence, from Old French silence, from Latin silentium (“silence”), from silēns (“quiet, silent”, present participle of silēre) + -ium. Displaced native Old English swīġe and sālnes.", + "sentence": "When the motor stopped, the silence was almost deafening.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/silence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "fury": { + "definition": "Extreme anger.", + "origin": "From Middle English furie, from Old French furie, from Latin furia (“rage”).", + "sentence": "Heav'n has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turn'd, / Nor Hell a Fury, like a Woman ſcorn'd.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fury", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1697, [William] Congreve, The Mourning Bride, a Tragedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act III, page 39:" + }, + "howdy": { + "definition": "An informal greeting.", + "origin": "Clipping of howdy-do, from how-d'ye-do (“how do you do”).", + "sentence": "Howdy folks, and welcome to our ninth annual chili cookoff!", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/howdy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "important": { + "definition": "Having relevant and crucial value; having import.", + "origin": "From Middle English important, from Medieval Latin important-, importāns. By surface analysis, import (“to be important”) + -ant.\nDisplaced native Old English hēah and hefiġ.", + "sentence": "We thought it important for there to be a fire escape at the back of every building.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/important", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "thousand": { + "definition": "A numerical value equal to 1,000; ten times a hundred (1 E+3 exactly—in scientific E notation)", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tewh₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *déḱm̥?\nProto-Indo-European *déḱm̥\nProto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm?\nProto-Indo-European *tuHsont-\nProto-Germanic *þūsundī\nProto-West Germanic *þūsundi\nOld English þūsend\nMiddle English thousend\nEnglish thousand\nFrom Middle English thousend, thusand, from Old English þūsend (“thousand”), from Proto-West Germanic *þūsundi, from Proto-Germanic *þūsundī (“thousand”), (compare Scots thousand (“thousand”), Saterland Frisian duusend (“thousand”), West Frisian tûzen (“thousand”), Dutch duizend (“thousand”), German tausend (“thousand”), Danish tusind (“thousand”), Swedish tusen (“thousand”), Norwegian tusen (“thousand”), Icelandic þúsund (“thousand”), Faroese túsund (“thousand”)), from Proto-Indo-European *tuHsont-, *tuHsenti- (compare Lithuanian tūkstantis (“thousand”), Polish tysiąc, Russian ты́сяча (týsjača), Finnish tuhat, Estonian tuhat).", + "sentence": "The company earned fifty thousand dollars last month.", + "part_of_speech": "num", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thousand", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "razor": { + "definition": "A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or other parts of the body.", + "origin": "From Middle English rasour, from Old French rasour, from raser (“to scrape, to shave”). More at rat. By surface analysis, raze + -or. Displaced the native Old English sċierseax (literally “shaving knife”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/razor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "roughly": { + "definition": "Without precision or exactness; imprecisely but close to in quantity or amount; approximately.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish rough\nProto-Indo-European *leyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *līkąder.\nProto-Germanic *-līkaz\nProto-Germanic *-ê\nProto-Germanic *-līkê\nProto-West Germanic *-līkē\nOld English -līċe\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish roughly\nFrom rough + -ly.", + "sentence": "Satanism can be divided, roughly, into two branches: the Luciferians and the Palladists.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/roughly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 259:" + }, + "drawl": { + "definition": "To drag on slowly and heavily; to dawdle or while away time indolently.", + "origin": "From a modern frequentative form of draw, equivalent to draw + -le. Compare draggle. Compare also Dutch dralen (“to drag out, delay, linger, tarry, dawdle”), Old Danish dravle (“to linger, loiter”), Icelandic dralla (“to loiter, linger”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/drawl", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "oddity": { + "definition": "A strange person; an oddball.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish odd\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish oddity\nFrom odd + -ity.", + "sentence": "Claim your privileges as an oddity, and even you yourself will be astonished at their extent.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oddity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 207–208:" + }, + "insult": { + "definition": "Action or form of speech deliberately intended to be rude; (countable) a particular act or statement having this effect.", + "origin": "The verb is derived from Middle French insulter (modern French insulter (“to insult”)) or its etymon Latin īnsultō (“to spring, leap or jump at or upon; to abuse, insult, revile, taunt”), the frequentative form of īnsiliō (“to bound; to leap in or upon”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘in, inside, within’) + saliō (“to bound, jump, leap; to spring forth; to flow down”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“to spring”)).\nThe noun is derived from Middle French insult (modern French insulte (“insult”)) or its etymon Late Latin insultus (“insult, reviling, scoffing”), from īnsiliō (“to bound; to leap in or upon”); see above.", + "sentence": "To call you stupid would be an insult to stupid people!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/insult", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1988 July 15, John Cleese, A Fish Called Wanda, spoken by Archie Leach (John Cleese):" + }, + "valley": { + "definition": "An elongated depression cast between hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it.", + "origin": "From Middle English valeye, valey, from Anglo-Norman valey, Old French valee (compare French vallée), from Latin vallēs/vallis. Doublet of vlei and vly. Displaced native dene, from dene and partially displaced native dale, from dæl.", + "sentence": "The Indus River valley was the site of an ancient civilization.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/valley", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gather": { + "definition": "To collect normally separate things.", + "origin": "From Middle English gaderen, from Old English gaderian (“to gather, assemble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn (“to bring together, unite, gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, assemble, keep”).", + "sentence": "She bent down to gather the reluctant cat from beneath the chair.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gather", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "dessert": { + "definition": "The last course of a meal, consisting of fruit, sweet confections etc.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *d(w)is-\nProto-Italic *dis-\nLatin dis-\nOld French des-\nMiddle French des-\nProto-Indo-European *ser-\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *serwos\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *serweyéti\nProto-Italic *serwijeti\nProto-Italic *serwijit\nProto-Italic *serwiō\nLatin serviō\nOld French servir\nMiddle French servir\nMiddle French desservir\nMiddle French dessertbor.\nEnglish dessert\nBorrowed from Middle French dessert, from desservir (“disserve”), from dés- (“dis-”) and servir (“serve”), thus literally meaning “removal of what has been served”.\nNote: It was erroneously suggested (e.g. in \"Glucose syrups: Technology and Applications\" (Peter Hull, 2010)) that the word is derived from the name of Benjamin Delessert, the inventor of beet sugar. However, the term predates him by at least a century.", + "sentence": "I ordered hummus for a starter, a steak as the main course, and chocolate cake for dessert.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dessert", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pouch": { + "definition": "A small bag usually closed with a drawstring.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *puhô\nFrankish *pokōbor.\nOld French puche\nOld Northern French pouchebor.\nMiddle English pouche\nEnglish pouch\nFrom Middle English pouche, poche, borrowed from Old Northern French pouche, from Old French poche, puche (whence French poche; compare also the Anglo-Norman variant poke), of Germanic origin: from Frankish *poka (“pouch”) (compare Middle Dutch poke, Old English pohha, dialectal German Pfoch). Doublet of poke; compare pocket.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pouch", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sewing": { + "definition": "Something that is being or has been sewn.", + "origin": "From Middle English sewinge, seuinge, seuwinge (“sewing”), equivalent to sew + -ing.", + "sentence": "She put down her sewing and went to answer the door.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sewing", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "transform": { + "definition": "To change greatly the appearance or form of.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *terh₂-der.\nProto-Indo-European *térh₂t\nProto-Indo-European *-ónts\nProto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂ónts\nProto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂n̥ts\nProto-Italic *trāns\nProto-Italic *trāns-\nLatin trāns-\nAncient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.?\nLatin fōrma\nLatin fōrmō\nLatin transformo\nOld French transformer\nMiddle French transfourmerbor.\nMiddle English transformen\nEnglish transform\nFrom Middle English transformen, from Old French transformer, from Latin transformo, transformare, from trans (“across”, preposition) + forma (“form”).", + "sentence": "The alchemists sought to transform lead into gold.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transform", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "marble": { + "definition": "A metamorphic rock of crystalline limestone.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English marble, marbre; from Anglo-Norman and Old French marbre, from Latin marmor, from Ancient Greek μάρμαρος (mármaros), perhaps related to μαρμάρεος (marmáreos, “gleaming”). The forms from French displaced Old English marma, which had previously been borrowed from Latin.", + "sentence": "Open thy marble jaws, O tomb / And hide me, earth, in thy dark womb.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marble", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1751, George Frideric Handel, Thomas Morell (librettist), Jephtha:" + }, + "gallon": { + "definition": "A unit of volume, equivalent to eight pints", + "origin": "From Middle English gallon, galoun, galun, from Old Northern French galun, galon (“liquid measure”) (compare Old French jalon), from Late Latin galum, galus (“measure of wine”), from Vulgar Latin *galla (“vessel”), possibly from Gaulish *galla, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“goblet”).\nCognate with Ancient Greek κύλιξ (kúlix, “cup”), Sanskrit कलश (kalaśa, “jar, pitcher; measure of liquid”). Related to Old French gille (“wine measure”) (from Medieval Latin gillō (“earthenware jar”)), Old French jale (“bowl”), Old French jaloie (“measure of capacity”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gallon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "flitting": { + "definition": "The act of moving from one residence to another; moving house.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish flit\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish flitting\nFrom flit + -ing.", + "sentence": "Uncle Billy came home for the weekend to help with the flitting.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flitting", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 87:" + }, + "plaza": { + "definition": "A town's public square.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *pléth₂us\nProto-Hellenic *plətús\nAncient Greek πλᾰτῠ́ς (plătŭ́s)\nAncient Greek πλᾰτεῖᾰ (plăteîă)bor.\nLatin plateaslbor.\nSpanish plazabor.\nEnglish plaza\nBorrowed from Spanish plaza (“town-square or central place of gathering”), from Latin platea, from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa), clipping of πλατεῖα ὁδός (plateîa hodós, “broad way”). Doublet of piatza, piazza, place, and platz.", + "sentence": "Tourists gathered in the central plaza.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plaza", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "yesterday": { + "definition": "The day immediately before today; one day ago.", + "origin": "From Middle English yesterday, yisterday, ȝesterdai, ȝisterdai, from Old English ġiestrandæġ, ġister dæġ, ġestor dæġ, ġeostran dæġ (“yesterday”), by surface analysis, yester- + day. Cognate with Scots yisterday, yesterday (“yesterday”), Saterland Frisian jässendeeg, järsendeges (“yesterday”, adverb), West Frisian justerdei (“yesterday”), Dutch gisterdag (“yesterday”), dialectal German gestertag (“yesterday”), Swedish gårdag (“yesterday”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (gistradagis, “tomorrow”, adverb). Compare further Dutch gisteren (“yesterday”), German gestern (“yesterday”).", + "sentence": "Today is the child of yesterday and the parent of tomorrow.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yesterday", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "nighttime": { + "definition": "Happening during the night.", + "origin": "From Middle English nyght tyme, nyȝttyme, equivalent to night + time. Compare Dutch nachttijd, German Nachtzeit, Danish nattetid, Swedish nattetid. Compare also Middle English nyȝter tyme (“nighttime”), from Old Norse náttartími, nætrtími (“nighttime”).", + "sentence": "Discourage nighttime prowlers by installing motion-sensitive lights.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nighttime", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008 January 11, “What to put between you and burglars”, in CNN:" + }, + "putty": { + "definition": "A form of cement, made from linseed oil and whiting, used to fixate panes of glass.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French potée (“polishing powder\", originally \"the contents of a pot, potful”), from French pot (“pot”). More at English pot.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/putty", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "glumly": { + "definition": "In a glum manner.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish glum\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish glumly\nFrom glum + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glumly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ignore": { + "definition": "To deliberately not listen or pay attention to.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-der.\nLatin īgnōrōlbor.\nFrench ignorer\nEnglish ignore\nFrom French ignorer, from Latin ignōrō (“to have no knowledge of, mistake, take no notice of, ignore”), from ignārus (“not knowing”), from in- (“not”) + gnārus (“knowing”), from gnōscō, nōscō; see know.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ignore", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "improve": { + "definition": "To make (something) better; to increase the value or productivity (of something).", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman emprouwer, from Old French en- + prou (“profit”), from Vulgar Latin prode (“advantageous, profitable”).", + "sentence": "Painting the woodwork will improve this house.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/improve", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pantry": { + "definition": "A small room, closet, or cabinet usually located in or near the kitchen, dedicated to shelf-stable food storage or storing kitchenware, like a larder, but smaller.", + "origin": "From Middle English panetrie, from Old French paneterie, related to Latin panis (“bread”).", + "sentence": "Next to the saloon is the pantry, which includes a wine cabinet, J.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pantry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1960 April, “Restaurant cars and multiple-units”, in Trains Illustrated, page 222:" + }, + "hungrily": { + "definition": "In a hungry way or manner; with hunger.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English hungryly, equivalent to hungry + -ly.", + "sentence": "Nungi was too hungrily cross to be respectful.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hungrily", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 263:" + }, + "confident": { + "definition": "Very sure of something; positive.", + "origin": "From Middle French confident, from Latin confidens (“confident, i.e. self-confident, in a good or bad sense, bold, daring, audacious, impudent”), present participle of confidere (“to trust fully, confide”). See confide.", + "sentence": "I'm pretty confident that she's not lying, she's acting normally.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/confident", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "vision": { + "definition": "Something imaginary one thinks one sees.", + "origin": "From Middle English visioun, from Anglo-Norman visioun, from Old French vision, from Latin vīsiō (“vision, seeing”), noun of action from the perfect passive participle visus (“that which is seen”), from the verb videō (“to see”) + action noun suffix -iō.", + "sentence": "He tried drinking from the pool of water, but realized it was only a vision.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vision", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "diamond": { + "definition": "A glimmering glass-like mineral that is an allotrope of carbon in which each atom is surrounded by four others in the form of a tetrahedron.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)?\nProto-Indo-European *demh₂-der.\nAncient Greek δαμνάω (damnáō)?\nAncient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas)der.\nLatin adamāsder.\nLate Latin diamās\nOld French diamantbor.\nMiddle English dyamaunt\nEnglish diamond\nFrom Middle English dyamaunt, from Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamās, from Latin adamās, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμᾱς (adámās, “diamond”). Doublet of adamant. The printing sense is a calque of Dutch diamant, used by Dirck Voskens who first cut it around 1700; compare pearl, ruby (“size of type between pearl and nonpareil”).", + "sentence": "The saw is coated with diamond.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diamond", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "stitchery": { + "definition": "fine work done by stitching", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish stitch\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ie\nOld French -eriebor.\nMiddle English -erie\nEnglish -ery\nEnglish stitchery\nFrom stitch + -ery.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stitchery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fiddlehead": { + "definition": "The scroll-shaped decoration at the tip of a fiddle.", + "origin": "From fiddle + head.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fiddlehead", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hobbit": { + "definition": "An extinct species of hominin, Homo floresiensis, with a short body and relatively small brain, fossils of which have been recovered from the Indonesian island of Flores.", + "origin": "Coined in its current sense by J. R. R. Tolkien in the 1930s, featured in the novels The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. Jocularly etymologized by him as from a hypothetical Old English *holbytla (literally “hole-builder”), from hol (“hole”) + bytlan (“to build”) + -a (“-er”). Tolkien was possibly influenced by similar terms for house-sprites (probably from Hob, a hypocoristic form of Robert), or an isolated mention of hobbits (with hobgoblins following immediately afterwards) in a list of sprites and bogies from the 19th-century Denham Tracts.", + "sentence": "The discovery of the Hobbit skeleton in Liang Bua cave in 2003 was an instant sensation.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hobbit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016 June 9, James Griffiths, “This is how the ‘Hobbits’ of Indonesia became so small”, in CNN:" + }, + "doughnut": { + "definition": "A circular life raft.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *dʰóyǵʰos\nProto-Germanic *daigaz\nProto-West Germanic *daig\nOld English dāg\nMiddle English dogh\nEnglish dough\nsubstrateder.\nProto-Germanic *hnuts\nProto-West Germanic *hnut\nOld English hnutu\nMiddle English note\nEnglish nut\nEnglish doughnut\nFrom dough + nut, 1809 because originally small, nut-sized balls of fried dough, or, more likely, from nut in the earlier sense of \"small rounded cake or cookie\", with the toroidal shape becoming common in the twentieth century. First attested in Knickerbocker’s History of New York, by Washington Irving, 1809.", + "sentence": "A doughnut life raft popped up out of the ocean in front of him.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/doughnut", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1996, John Long, Close Shaves: Classic Stories on the Edge, page 2:" + }, + "peaceful": { + "definition": "Not at war; not disturbed by strife or turmoil.", + "origin": "From Middle English peesful, pesful, paisful, pesefull. By surface analysis, peace + -ful. Displaced native Old English friþsum.", + "sentence": "But peace is a lot more peaceful.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peaceful", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:" + }, + "ailment": { + "definition": "Something which ails one; a disease; sickness.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish ail\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom\nProto-Italic *-mentom\nLatin -mentum\nOld French -mentbor.\nMiddle English -ment\nEnglish -ment\nEnglish ailment\nFrom ail + -ment.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ailment", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "combat": { + "definition": "A battle, a fight (often one in which weapons are used).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nVulgar Latin combatto\nOld French combatre\nFrench combattredeverb.\nFrench combatbor.\nEnglish combat\n16th century, borrowed from Middle French combat, deverbal from Old French combatre, from Vulgar Latin *combattere, from Latin com- (“with”) + battuere (“to beat, strike”).", + "sentence": "In less than eight weeks, five divisions of United States troops have moved into combat, some of them from bases more than 6,000 miles away.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/combat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1950 September 1, Harry S. Truman, 0:56 from the start, in MP72-73 Korea and World Peace: President Truman Reports to the People, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives Identifier: 595162:" + }, + "rotten": { + "definition": "Of perishable items, overridden with bacteria and other infectious agents.", + "origin": "From Middle English roten, from Old Norse rotinn (“decayed, rotten”), past participle of an unrecorded verb related to Old Norse rotna (“to rot”) and Old English rotian (“to rot”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rutāną (“to rot”). See rot. By surface analysis, rot + -en (past participle).", + "sentence": "If you leave a bin unattended for a few weeks, the rubbish inside will turn rotten.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rotten", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "expressway": { + "definition": "A divided highway, especially one whose intersections and direct access to adjacent properties have been eliminated.", + "origin": "From express + way.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expressway", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "practice": { + "definition": "Repetition of an activity to improve a skill.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\n▲\nMiddle English practice, practise, practize, practyseder.\nMiddle English practice, practique, practyse\nEnglish practice\nThe noun is from Middle English practice, practique, practyse, from the verb; also compare Medieval Latin prāctica.. Displaced native Old English sidu.\nThe verb is from Middle English practice, practise, practize, practyse, from Middle French pratiser, practiser, alteration of practiquer, from Medieval Latin prācticāre, from Late Latin prācticus, from Ancient Greek πρακτικός (praktikós).\nThe spelling practice is attested once in Middle English for both the noun and the verb. The noun began to be assimilated in spelling to nouns in -ice; practise (noun) is now obsolete.", + "sentence": "He will need lots of practice with the lines before he performs them.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/practice", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "squash": { + "definition": "A sport played in a walled court with a soft rubber ball and bats like tennis racquets.", + "origin": "From Middle English squachen, squatchen, from Old French esquacher, escachier, from Vulgar Latin *excoāctiāre, from Latin ex + coāctāre. Probably influenced by Middle English quashen, quassen, from Old French esquasser, escasser (“to crush, shatter, destroy, break”), from Vulgar Latin *exquassare, from Latin ex- + quassare (“to shatter”) (see quash).", + "sentence": "She plays squash every Saturday.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/squash", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "amused": { + "definition": "Pleasurably entertained.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nOld French a-\nMedieval Latin musumder.?\nOld French muser\nOld French amuserbor.\nMiddle English *amusen\nEnglish amuse\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish amused\nFrom amuse + -ed.", + "sentence": "The children chased one another in a circle in front of their amused parents.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amused", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ambush": { + "definition": "An attack launched from a concealed position.", + "origin": "From Middle English enbuschen, from Old French enbuscier, anbuchier (verb) (whence Middle French embusche (noun)), from Old French en- + Vulgar Latin boscus (“wood”) (whence also bouquet), from Frankish *busk (“bush”), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“bush, heavy stick”). Compare ambuscade. The change to am- from earlier forms in en- is unexplained. More at bush.", + "sentence": "Heaven, whose high walls fear no assault or siege / Or ambush from the deep.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ambush", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:" + }, + "squire": { + "definition": "To attend as a beau, or gallant, for aid and protection.", + "origin": "From Middle English esquire, from Old French escuier, from Latin scūtārius (“shield-bearer”), from scūtum (“shield”).", + "sentence": "Perceiving, however, that I had on my best wig, she offered, if I would ’squire her there, to send home the footman.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/squire", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1759 October 23 (Gregorian calendar), [Oliver] Goldsmith, “On Dress”, in The Bee, a Select Collection of Essays, on the Most Interesting and Entertaining Subjects, […], new edition, London: […] W[illiam] Lane, […], published c. 1790, →OCLC:" + }, + "submerged": { + "definition": "underwater", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Janet was completely submerged when she was snorkeling.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/submerged", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "saucer": { + "definition": "A small shallow dish to hold a cup and catch drips.", + "origin": "From Middle English saucer, from Old French saussier (and feminine saussiere; hence modern French saucier m, saucière f).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saucer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gloaming": { + "definition": "Twilight, as at early morning (dawn) or (especially) early evening; dusk.", + "origin": "From Middle English gloming, from Old English glōmung, from Old English glōm (“twilight”). Related to glow.\nThe OED notes: \"The vowel of the modern gloaming is anomalous, as Old English glōmung should normally become glooming. The explanation is probably that the ō was shortened in the compound ǣfen-glommung (as the spelling seems to show was actually the case), and that from this compound there was evolved a new subject glŏmung, which by normal phonetic development became Middle English glǭming, modern English gloaming.\"", + "sentence": "Where in purple hue, the hieland hills we view / And the moon coming out in the gloaming.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gloaming", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1841, anonymous author, “The Bonnie Banks o' Loch Lomond”, in Vocal Melodies of Scotland, verse 2:" + }, + "engulf": { + "definition": "To overwhelm.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nOld French en-bor.\nMiddle English en-\nEnglish en-\nEnglish gulf\nEnglish engulf\nFrom en- + gulf.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/engulf", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "graduate": { + "definition": "To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of.", + "origin": "From Middle English graduaten (“to graduate”), from (adjective) graduat(e) (also used as the past participle of graduaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), from Medieval Latin graduātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.", + "sentence": "Dyers, who advance and graduate their colours with salts.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/graduate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "fascinated": { + "definition": "extremely interested", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "The children were fascinated by the magician’s tricks.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fascinated", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "composition": { + "definition": "The general makeup of a thing or person.", + "origin": "From Middle English composicioun, borrowed from Old French composicion, from Latin compositiō, compositiōnem.", + "sentence": "O how that name befits my composition!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/composition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene 1]:" + }, + "wisdom": { + "definition": "A group of wombats.", + "origin": "From Middle English wisdom, from Old English wīsdōm (“wisdom”), from Proto-West Germanic *wīsadōm, from Proto-Germanic *wīsadōmaz (“wisdom”), corresponding to wise + -dom. Cognate with Scots wisdom, wysdom (“wisdom”), West Frisian wiisdom (“wisdom”), Dutch wijsdom (“wisdom”), German Weistum (“legal sentence”), Danish/Norwegian/Swedish visdom (“wisdom”), Icelandic vísdómur (“wisdom”).", + "sentence": "It would also be difficult to get to the bottom line accurately if a wisdom of wombats ate your working papers.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wisdom", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 April 16, Tony Cooper, “Ebay is Unfair!”, in rec.collecting.coins (Usenet), retrieved 05 Sep 2022:" + }, + "ourselves": { + "definition": "Us; the group including the speaker as the object of a verb or preposition when that group also is the subject.", + "origin": "Morphologically our + -selves.", + "sentence": "We should keep this for ourselves.", + "part_of_speech": "pron", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ourselves", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "invisible": { + "definition": "Unable to be seen; out of sight; not visible.", + "origin": "From Middle English invisible, from Old French invisible, from Late Latin invīsibilis. Displaced native Old English unġesewenlīċ.\nMorphologically in- + visible. Piecewise doublet of unvisible.", + "sentence": "An interesting feature of the church is the invisible clock, which you can hear thumping away as you enter.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/invisible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 163:" + }, + "completely": { + "definition": "In a complete manner; thoroughly.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish complete\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish completely\nFrom complete + -ly.", + "sentence": "Please completely fill in the box for your answer, using a number “2” pencil.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/completely", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "poisonous": { + "definition": "Containing sufficient poison to be dangerous to touch or ingest.", + "origin": "From Middle English poisounous, poysonouse. By surface analysis, poison + -ous.", + "sentence": "While highly poisonous to dogs, this substance is completely harmless if ingested by humans.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poisonous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "intimidate": { + "definition": "To make timid or afraid; to cause to feel fear or nervousness; to deter, especially by threats of violence.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin intimidātus, perfect passive participle of Latin intimidō (“to intimidate, terrify”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from in- (“in”) + timidus (“afraid, timid”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix); see timid.", + "sentence": "He's trying to intimidate you.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intimidate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "drawers": { + "definition": "Underpants, especially long underpants.", + "origin": "From draw (“to pull”), hence that which is pulled onto the body. Attested from the late 16th century. Compare drawer.", + "sentence": "They were armed and I was in my drawers still half asleep.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/drawers", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016, John Avanzato, Claim Denied:" + }, + "disdain": { + "definition": "A feeling of contempt or scorn.", + "origin": "From Middle English disdeynen, from Old French desdeignier (modern French dédaigner).", + "sentence": "The cat viewed the cheap supermarket catfood with disdain and stalked away.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disdain", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "deliberately": { + "definition": "Intentionally, or after deliberation; not accidentally.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish deliberate\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish deliberately\nFrom deliberate + -ly.", + "sentence": "He deliberately broke that, didn't he?", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deliberately", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "spacious": { + "definition": "Having plenty of space; roomy; capacious.", + "origin": "From Middle English spacious, from Old French spacios, from Latin spatiōsus. By surface analysis, space + -ious.", + "sentence": "The apartment has a spacious bedroom.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spacious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gratitude": { + "definition": "The state of being grateful.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷerH-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *gʷr̥Htós\nProto-Italic *gʷrātos\nLatin grātus\nProto-Indo-European *-tu-\nProto-Indo-European *-d-\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Italic *-tūdō\nLatin -tūdō\nMedieval Latin gratitudōlbor.\nFrench gratitudebor.\nEnglish gratitude\nFrom French gratitude, from Medieval Latin grātitūdō (“thankfulness”), from Latin grātus (“thankful”). Displaced Old English þancung.", + "sentence": "She showed deep gratitude for the support she received.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gratitude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "appreciation": { + "definition": "A fair valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence; gratitude and esteem.", + "origin": "From French appréciation. By surface analysis, appreciate + -ion.", + "sentence": "We give to you this trophy as a token of our appreciation of all your years of service.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/appreciation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "devotion": { + "definition": "The act or state of devoting or being devoted; a feeling of being devoted (to something).", + "origin": "From Old French devocion, from Latin dēvōtiō, from dēvōtum + -tio, from the supine of dēvoveō (“vow, devote”); equivalent to devote + -ion.", + "sentence": "Her devotion to her family was clear in everything she did.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/devotion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "inscription": { + "definition": "The text on a coin.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-?\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kréybʰeti\nProto-Italic *skreiβō\nLatin scrībō\nLatin inscrībō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin īnscrīptiōbor.\nEnglish inscription\nBorrowed from Latin īnscrīptiō.", + "sentence": "The coin bears an inscription in Latin.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inscription", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "precious": { + "definition": "Of high value or worth.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English precious, borrowed from Old French precios (“valuable, costly, precious, beloved, also affected, finical”), from Latin pretiōsus (“of great value, costly, dear, precious”), from pretium (“value, price”); see price.", + "sentence": "The crown had many precious gemstones.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/precious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "occupy": { + "definition": "To possess or use the time or capacity of; to engage the service of.", + "origin": "From Middle English occupien, occupyen, borrowed from Old French occuper, from Latin occupāre (“to take possession of, seize, occupy, take up, employ”), from ob (“to, on”) + capiō (“to take”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to seize, grab”). Doublet of occupate, now obsolete.", + "sentence": "I occupy myself with gardening for a few hours every day.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/occupy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "termite": { + "definition": "A contemptible person.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin termes\nLatin termitēsbor.\nEnglish termitesbf.\nEnglish termite\nInferred singular of termites, the plural form borrowed from Latin termites, the plural of Latin termes (“woodworm”), which was used for termites by Linnaeus.", + "sentence": "This two faced termite has the nerve to talk.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/termite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Justin Blackburn, The Bisexual Christian Suburban Failure Enlightening Bipolar Blues, page 31:" + }, + "insulation": { + "definition": "The act of insulating; detachment from other objects; isolation.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish insulate\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nEnglish insulation\nFrom insulate + -ion.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/insulation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "intertwine": { + "definition": "To become mutually involved.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁n̥tér\nProto-Italic *n̥ter\nLatin inter\nLatin inter-bor.\nEnglish inter-\nEnglish twine\nEnglish intertwine\nFrom inter- + twine.", + "sentence": "Iris changes in PXF closely intertwine with lenticular findings.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intertwine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 December 20, “Preoperative considerations in patients with cataracts and pseudoexfoliation syndrome”, in Optometry Times:" + }, + "recital": { + "definition": "The act of reciting (the repetition of something that has been memorized); rehearsal", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-der.\nOld French re-bor.\nMiddle English re-\nEnglish re-\nEnglish cite\nEnglish recite\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish recital\nFrom recite + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recital", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "furniture": { + "definition": "Large movable item(s), usually in a room, which enhance(s) the room's characteristics, functionally or decoratively.", + "origin": "From Middle French fourniture (“a supply, or the act of furnishing”), from fournir (“to furnish”).", + "sentence": "The woman does not even have one stick of furniture moved in yet.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/furniture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "inventory": { + "definition": "The stock of an item on hand at a particular location or business.", + "origin": "From Middle English inventorie, from Medieval Latin inventōrium, alteration of Late Latin inventārium, from Latin inveniō (“to find out”).", + "sentence": "Due to an undersized inventory at the Boston outlet, customers had to travel to Providence to find the item.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inventory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "wheezy": { + "definition": "That wheezes.", + "origin": "From wheeze + -y.", + "sentence": "A couple of somewhat wheezy Highland \"River\" class 4-6-0s have succeeded in hauling 450-ton stock trains between Stranraer and Ayr.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wheezy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1942 February, “Notes and News: Locomotive Notes”, in Railway Magazine, pages 61–62:" + }, + "possible": { + "definition": "Able but not certain to happen; neither inevitable nor impossible.", + "origin": "From Middle English possible, from Old French possible, from Latin possibilis (“possible”), from posse, possum (“to be able”); see power. Displaced Middle English acumendlic (“possible”), from Old English ācumendlīċ (“possible”). Compare also Old English mihtelīċ (“strong, capable, powerful, possible”), which was cognate with Old High German mahtlīh (“possible”) and Old Norse máttulígr (“mighty, possible”). Compare also Dutch mogelijk (“possible”) and German möglich (“possible”).", + "sentence": "Rain tomorrow is possible, but I wouldn't bet on it.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/possible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "replace": { + "definition": "To restore to a former place, position, condition, etc.; to put back.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-der.\nOld French re-bor.\nMiddle English re-\nEnglish re-\nEnglish place\nEnglish replace\nFrom re- + place.", + "sentence": "When you've finished using the telephone, please replace the handset.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/replace", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "crookedly": { + "definition": "In a crooked manner.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish crooked\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish crookedly\nFrom crooked + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crookedly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fragrant": { + "definition": "Sweet-smelling; having a pleasant (usually strong) scent or fragrance.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin frāgrāns, present active participle of frāgrō (“to smell”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fragrant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fowl": { + "definition": "A bird hunted or kept for food, grouped into landfowl (order Galliformes), also called gamefowl, and waterfowl (order Anseriformes: ducks, geese, swans, etc.), which together form the clade Galloanserae.", + "origin": "From Middle English foul, foghel, fowel, fowele, from Old English fugol (“bird”), from Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz, dissimilated variant of *fluglaz (compare Old English flugol ‘fleeing’, Mercian fluglas heofun ‘birds of the air’), from *fleuganą (“to fly”). Cognate with West Frisian fûgel, Low German Vagel, Dutch vogel, German Vogel, Swedish fågel, Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk fugl. Doublet of voël. More at fly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fowl", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "responsible": { + "definition": "Having the duty of taking care of something; answerable for an act performed or for its consequences; accountable; amenable, especially legally or politically.", + "origin": "From Middle French responsable, from Old French responsable, responsible, formed from the root of Latin responsus, from respondeō, respondēre. The spelling of the English word is taken from the Old French variant responsible. By surface analysis, response + -ible.", + "sentence": "Parents are responsible for their child's behaviour.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/responsible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "awfully": { + "definition": "Badly, terribly.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish awful\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish awfully\nFrom awful + -ly.", + "sentence": "She led after the swimming and cycling, but ran awfully and came in fourth.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/awfully", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "manual": { + "definition": "A booklet that instructs on the usage of a particular machine or product.", + "origin": "From Middle English manuel, from Old French manuel, from Late Latin manuāle (“handbook, manual”).", + "sentence": "The dishwasher isn't working; can you remember where we put the manual?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manual", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "thorax": { + "definition": "The region of the mammalian body between the neck and abdomen as well as the cavity containing the heart and lungs.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek θώρᾱξ (thṓrāx)bor.\nLatin thoraxder.\nEnglish thorax\nFrom Latin thorax, from Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, “a breastplate, cuirass, corslet”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thorax", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bionic": { + "definition": "Superhuman.", + "origin": "Blend of bio- + electronic. The superhuman sense is attributed to the TV shows The Six Million Dollar Man (1973–1978) and The Bionic Woman (1976–1978).", + "sentence": "As you grow into womanhood, it's going to seem as if the world wants you to be bionic—be stronger, faster, and smarter.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bionic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, Yasmin Shiraz, The Blueprint for My Girls: How to Build a Life Full of Courage, ...:" + }, + "sultanate": { + "definition": "A sovereign or vassal princely state—usually Muslim—where the ruler is styled sultan.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nArabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān)bor.\nOttoman Turkish سلطانbor.\n▲\nArabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān)der.\nMiddle French sultanbor.\n▲\nArabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān)bor.\nMedieval Latin sultanusbor.\nEnglish sultan\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus, -tūs\nLatin -ātusder.\nEnglish -ate\nEnglish sultanate\nFrom sultan + -ate (suffix forming nouns denoting offices or ranks, or the charges or contexts of these). Sultan is borrowed from Middle French sultan or from its etymon Medieval Latin sultanus, from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān, “authority; dominion, rule; power, strength”) (from the Arabic root س ل ط (“related to power”); possibly through from Ottoman Turkish سلطان (sultan)).\ncognates\n* Classical Persian سَلْطَنَت (saltanat)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sultanate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bamboozled": { + "definition": "Very confused", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bamboozled", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "turban": { + "definition": "A man's headdress made by winding a length of cloth round the head.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French turbant, from Italian turbante, from Ottoman Turkish دلبند (tülbent), from Classical Persian دلبند (dulband), also the root of tulip.", + "sentence": "A turban and loincloth soaked in blood had been found; also a staff.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turban", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1927, F. E. Penny, chapter 4, in Pulling the Strings:" + }, + "sausage": { + "definition": "A food made of ground meat (or meat substitute) and seasoning, packed in a section of the animal's intestine, or in a similarly cylindrical shaped synthetic casing.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAnglo-Norman sausichebor.\nMiddle English sawsiche\nEnglish sausage\nFrom late Middle English sawsiche, from Anglo-Norman sausiche (compare Norman saûciche), from Late Latin salsīcia (compare Sicilian sausizza, Spanish salchicha, Italian salsiccia), feminine of salsīcius (“seasoned with salt”), derivative of Latin salsus (“salted”), from sal (“salt”). More at salt. Doublet of saucisse. See also Sicilian sausizza. Displaced native Old English mearh.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sausage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "flummox": { + "definition": "To confuse; to fluster; to flabbergast.", + "origin": "Uncertain, probably risen out of a British dialect (OED finds candidate words in Herefordshire, Gloucestershire, southern Cheshire, and Sheffield). The formation seems to be onomatopœic, expressive of the notion of throwing down roughly and untidily. [OED]. First use appears c. 1837 in the writings of Charles Dickens.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flummox", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "disgruntled": { + "definition": "In a dissatisfied, frustrated, or upset mood; in a bad temper or ill humour.", + "origin": "From disgruntle + -ed (suffix forming past tense and past participle forms of verbs).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disgruntled", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "terrify": { + "definition": "To frighten greatly; to fill with terror.", + "origin": "From Middle French terrifier, from Latin terrificare.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terrify", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "quip": { + "definition": "A smart, sarcastic turn or jest; a taunt; a severe retort or comeback; a gibe.", + "origin": "From a shortening of earlier quippy, perhaps from Latin quippe (“indeed”), ultimately quid (“what”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quip", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "inscrutable": { + "definition": "Difficult or impossible to comprehend, fathom, or interpret.", + "origin": "Borrowed into late Middle English from Late Latin īnscrūtābilis, from in- (“not”) + scrūtō (“to examine”), corresponding to in- + scrutable", + "sentence": "His inscrutable theories would years later become the foundation of a whole new science.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inscrutable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "information": { + "definition": "Things that are or can be known about a given topic; communicable knowledge of something.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nAncient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.?\nLatin fōrma\nLatin fōrmō\nLatin īnfōrmō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLate Latin īnfōrmātiōder.\nMiddle English enformacioun\nEnglish information\nFrom Middle English enformacioun, informacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman informacioun, enformation, Old French information, from Latin īnfōrmātiō (“formation, conception; education”), from the participle stem of īnformāre (“to inform”). Equivalent to inform + -ation.", + "sentence": "I need some more information about this issue.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/information", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "serenity": { + "definition": "The state of being serene; calmness; peacefulness.", + "origin": "From Middle English serenyte, from Old French serenité, from Latin serēnitās, equivalent to serene + -ity.", + "sentence": "There is no passion, there is serenity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/serenity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1987, Greg Costikyan, “The Jedi Code”, in Star Wars: The Roleplaying Game, page 69, line 3:" + }, + "incubator": { + "definition": "A support programme for the development of entrepreneurial companies.", + "origin": "From incubate + -or.", + "sentence": "So the question that is commonly asked is, why put a media incubator in a media desert and have it managed by a civil servant?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incubator", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, Philip N. Cooke, Creative Industries in Wales: Potential and Pitfalls, page 34:" + }, + "congregation": { + "definition": "A gathering of faithful in a temple, church, synagogue, mosque or other place of worship, especially those present at a devotional service or who regularly attend such services, particularly in contrast to the leadership, choir or others.", + "origin": "From Middle English congregacioun, from Old French congregacion, from Latin congregātiō, itself from congregō (“to herd into a flock”). Adopted (1520s) by the English Bible translator William Tyndale, to render the Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “those called together, (popular) meeting”) (hence Latin ecclēsia) in his New Testament, and preferred by 16th century Reformers instead of church. By surface analysis, congregate + -ion.", + "sentence": "In Hebrew, bonai shalom means “builders of peace,” and the congregation welcomes both Jews and non-Jews to participate in all aspects of the community.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/congregation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 June 4, Cindy Von Quednow, TuAnh Dam, “Their synagogue taught them to build peace. An antisemitic attack is testing their resilience”, in CNN, archived from the original on 22 Jul 2025:" + }, + "droll": { + "definition": "The ghost of a child, especially one who died a painful death.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "And whenever we heard the droll shrieking from down toward Drunken Jack Island they told us the story of Crab Boy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/droll", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, Lynn Michelsohn, Crab Boy’s Ghost: Gullah Folktales from Murrells Inlet’s Brookgreen Gardens in the South Carolina Lowcountry, →ISBN:" + }, + "sentinel": { + "definition": "A sentry, watch, or guard.", + "origin": "First attested in the 1570s from Middle French sentinelle (“watch or guard kept by a soldier”), from Old Italian sentinella, probably from sentina + -ella, from sentire (“perceive, watch, hear”), from sentiō (“feel, perceive by the senses”). See also sense, sentient.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sentinel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Arctic": { + "definition": "Pertaining to the northern polar region of the planet, characterised by extreme cold and an icy landscape.", + "origin": "From Middle English artik, artyk (with the c reintroduced after Latin in the 17th century), from Medieval Latin articus, from Latin arcticus, from Ancient Greek ἀρκτικός (arktikós, “northern, of the (Great) Bear”), from ἄρκτος (árktos, “bear, Ursa Major”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”). Cognate with Latin ursus.", + "sentence": "A medical examination determined who was to be sent on to Norilsk in the Arctic.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Arctic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1968, Robert Conquest, “A Nation in Torment”, in The Great Terror: Stalin's Purge of the Thirties, Macmillan Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 327:" + }, + "Arabic": { + "definition": "Of, from, or pertaining to Arab countries or cultural behaviour (see also Arab as an adjective).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nArabic عَرَب (ʕarab)bor.\nAncient Greek Ἄραψ (Áraps)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ικός (-ikós)\nAncient Greek Ἀραβικός (Arabikós)bor.\nLatin arabicusbor.\nEnglish Arabic\nFrom Latin arabicus, from Ancient Greek Ἀραβικός (Arabikós), from Ἄραψ (Áraps, “Arab”) [from Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab)] + -ικός (-ikós, adjective suffix). By surface analysis, Arab + -ic.", + "sentence": "White chalk on the fascia board above the Arabic-food stall reads \"Lebanon\" and \"Lebs rule\".", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Arabic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012, Deborah Youdell, “Intelligibility, agency and the raced–nationed–religioned subjects of education”, in Intersectionality and \"Race\" in Education, →ISBN, page 202:" + }, + "fluke": { + "definition": "A lucky or improbable occurrence that could probably never be repeated.", + "origin": "Unknown, perhaps dialectal. It seems to have originally referred to a lucky shot at billiards. Possibly connected to sense 3, referring to whales' use of flukes to move rapidly. Possibly derived from German Glück (“luck, good fortune, happiness”).", + "sentence": "We've classified by a fluke; actually, the first goal was just a total fluke.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fluke", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Brooklyn": { + "definition": "A borough in New York City, New York. It is located on the western end of Long Island.", + "origin": "From Dutch Breukelen, from broek (“wetland, marsh”).", + "sentence": "Fresh handmade mochi is harder to find, but Tomoko Kato cooks a batch three times a week at Patisserie Tomoko in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Brooklyn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016 June 27, Tejal Rao, “Making Mochi, a Japanese Treat That’s All About Texture”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 15 Jul 2021:" + }, + "captain": { + "definition": "A chief or leader.", + "origin": "From Middle English capitain, capteyn, from Old French capitaine, from Late Latin capitāneus, from Latin caput (“head”) (English cap). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-.\nDoublet of chieftain, also from Old French.", + "sentence": "Stand up-stand up, Northumberland! / I bid you answer true, / If England's King has under his hand / A Captain as good as you?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/captain", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1929, Rudyard Kipling, The English Way:" + }, + "sacred": { + "definition": "Characterized by solemn religious ceremony or religious use, especially, in a positive sense; consecrated, made holy.", + "origin": "From Middle English sacred, isacred, past participle of sacren, sakeren (“to make holy, hallow”), equivalent to sacre + -ed.", + "sentence": "The cross is that high symbol of sacred service, the devotion of one's life to the welfare and salvation of one's fellows.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sacred", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1955, anonymous author, The Urantia Book: The Time of the Tomb:" + }, + "delegation": { + "definition": "An act of delegating.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin dēlēgātiō, dēlēgātiōnis, from dēlēgō: compare French délégation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/delegation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "reindeer": { + "definition": "Any Arctic and subarctic-dwelling deer of the species Rangifer tarandus, with a number of subspecies.", + "origin": "From Middle English reyndere, reynder, rayne-dere, from Old Norse hreindýri (“reindeer”), from hreinn (“reindeer”) + dýr (“animal”). Compare Dutch rendier (“reindeer”), German Rentier (“reindeer”), Swedish rendjur (“reindeer”), Danish rensdyr (“reindeer”) and French renne (“reindeer”). Related also to displaced Old English hrān (“reindeer”). Unrelated to rein.", + "sentence": "Herds of wandering reindeer are frequently seen, and may even hold up the train while they cross the unfenced line to reach their feeding grounds.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reindeer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1958 December 14, M. D. Greville and H. A. Vallance, “Sweden's Inland Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 829:" + }, + "verve": { + "definition": "Enthusiasm, rapture, spirit, or vigour, especially of imagination such as that which animates an artist, musician, or writer, in composing or performing.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French verve (“animation; caprice, whim; rapture; spirit; vigour; type of expression”), probably from Late Latin verva, a variant of Latin verba (“words; discourse; expressions; language”), the plural of verbum (“word”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to say, speak”). Doublet of verb and word.", + "sentence": "His hands were strong and elegant; his experience of life evidently varied; his speech full of pith and verve; his manners forward, but perfectly presentable.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verve", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1879–1880, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Stowaways”, in The Amateur Emigrant: From the Clyde to Sandy Hook, Chicago, Ill.: Stone and Kimball, published 18 January 1895, →OCLC, page 105:" + }, + "disclaimer": { + "definition": "A disclosure of an interest, relationship, or the like.", + "origin": "Partly from Middle English discleymer, from Anglo-Norman desclamer; and partly from disclaim + -er.", + "sentence": "No disclaimer was carried stating as much.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disclaimer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "May 10 2012, Anant Rangaswami, “No need for regulation in media – it’s happening by itself”, in Firstpost:" + }, + "quotation": { + "definition": "A fragment of a human expression that is repeated by somebody else, for example from literature or a famous speech.", + "origin": "The obsolete sense of “quota”, from Medieval Latin quotātiō, from Latin quotāre, is attested from the 15th century. The sense “fragment of verbal expression”, attested from the 17th century, may come from this source, or else from the verb quote + -ation.", + "sentence": "\"Where they burn books, they will also burn people\" is a famous quotation from Heinrich Heine.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quotation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gastritis": { + "definition": "Inflammation of the lining of the stomach, characterised by nausea, loss of appetite, and upper abdominal discomfort or pain.", + "origin": "From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: gastr- + -itis, from Ancient Greek γαστήρ (gastḗr).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gastritis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "superior": { + "definition": "Higher in rank, status, or quality.", + "origin": "From Middle English, borrowed from Old French superiour, from Latin superior (“higher, upper”).", + "sentence": "Rebecca had always thought shorts were far superior to pants, as they didn't constantly make her legs itch.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/superior", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "platypus": { + "definition": "A semiaquatic monotreme from eastern Australia with a bill resembling that of a duck, that has a mole-like body, a tail resembling that of a beaver, a waterproof pelt, and flat webbed feet (Ornithorhynchus anatinus).", + "origin": "From New Latin Platypus (originally a genus name already in use for a type of beetle), from Ancient Greek πλατύπους (platúpous, “flat-footed”), from πλατύς (platús, “flat”) + πούς (poús, “foot”). Piecewise doublet of flatfoot.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/platypus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "privilege": { + "definition": "A particular benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity enjoyed by some but not others; a prerogative, preferential treatment.", + "origin": "From Middle English privilege, from Anglo-Norman privilege and Old French privilege, from Latin prīvilēgium (“ordinance or law against or in favor of an individual”), from prīvus (“private”) + lēx, lēg- (“law”). Displaced native Old English frēols (“privilege, immunity”).", + "sentence": "What entitled you to such a privilege?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/privilege", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "salute": { + "definition": "An utterance or gesture expressing greeting or honor towards someone, (now especially) a formal, non-verbal gesture made with the arms or hands in any of various specific positions.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin salūtō (“to greet; to wish health to”), from salūs (“greeting, good health”), related to salvus (“safe”).", + "sentence": "The soldiers greeted the dignitaries with a crisp salute.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/salute", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "fallow": { + "definition": "The ploughing or tilling of land, without sowing it for a season.", + "origin": "[Alt: A photograph of a ploughed field.]\nFrom Middle English falwe, from Old English fealh, fealg (“fallow land”), from Proto-West Germanic *falgu (compare Saterland Frisian Falge, West Frisian falig, felling, Dutch valg, German Felge), from Proto-Indo-European *polḱéh₂ (“arable land”) (compare Gaulish olca, Russian полоса́ (polosá)).", + "sentence": "By a complete summer fallow, land is rendered tender and mellow.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fallow", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1832, Sir John Sinclair, The Code of Agriculture:" + }, + "mantel": { + "definition": "The shelf above a fireplace which may be also a structural support for the masonry of the chimney.", + "origin": "A variant of mantle (“cloak, robe”) now distinguished in sense.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mantel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "replica": { + "definition": "An exact copy.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian replica, derived from Latin replicare (“to fold or bend back; to reply”). Doublet of reply and replicate.", + "sentence": "The statue on the museum floor is an authentic replica.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/replica", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "provision": { + "definition": "An item of goods or supplies, especially food, obtained for future use.", + "origin": "From Middle English provisioun, from Old French provisïon, from Latin prōvīsiō (“preparation, foresight”), from prōvidēre (“provide”).", + "sentence": "We have an infirm ſhip's company, and but five months proviſion, which muſt ſerve us to China unleſs we get a ſupply at Guam.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/provision", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1728 [1721 March 17], William Betagh, A Voyage Round the World. Being an Account of a Remarkable Enterprize, Begun In the Year 1719, chiefly to cruiſe on the Spaniards in the great South Ocean. Relating the True hiſtorical Facts of that whole Affair: Teſtifyd by many imployd therein; and confirmd by Authorities from the Owners., London: T. Combes, →OCLC, page 151:" + }, + "amphitheater": { + "definition": "American form of amphitheatre.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "The symphony warmed up inside the amphitheater while the audience crowded around outside.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphitheater", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "reference": { + "definition": "To provide a list of references for (a text).", + "origin": "From Middle French référence, from Medieval Latin referentia, nominative neuter plural of referēns, present participle of referō (“return, reply”, literally “carry back”). Morphologically refer + -ence.", + "sentence": "You must thoroughly reference your paper before submitting it.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reference", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "desecration": { + "definition": "An act of disrespect or impiety towards something considered sacred.", + "origin": "From desecrate + -ion.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/desecration", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "diode": { + "definition": "An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only; used chiefly as a rectifier.", + "origin": "From di- (“two”) + -ode. Learned formation, coined by William Henry Eccles in 1919, after Ancient Greek δίοδος (díodos, “passage through”), which however is formed not with δι- (di-, “two”) but with δια- (dia-, “through”).", + "sentence": "I propose to give the name diode to a tube with two electrodes.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diode", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1919 April 18, William Eccles, Electrician, page 475:" + }, + "voracious": { + "definition": "Wanting or devouring great quantities of food.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *gʷorh₃éh₂\nProto-Italic *worā\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin vorō\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂ks\nProto-Italic *-āks\nLatin -āx\nLatin vorāx\nEnglish -acious\nEnglish voracious\nFrom Latin vorāx + English -acious. First attested in the 17th century.", + "sentence": "He is voracious by suppertime.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/voracious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "mischievous": { + "definition": "Troublesome, cheeky, badly behaved, impish, naughty, disobedient; showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way and liking to have fun by playing harmless tricks on people or doing things they are not supposed to do.", + "origin": "From Middle English myschevous, mischevous, from Anglo-Norman meschevous, from Old French meschever, from mes- (“mis-”) + chever (“come to an end”) (from chef (“head”)). By surface analysis, mischief + -ous.", + "sentence": "Matthew had a twin brother called Edward, who was always mischievous and badly behaved.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mischievous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "aardvark": { + "definition": "The nocturnal, insectivorous, burrowing mammal Orycteropus afer, of the order Tubulidentata and somewhat resembling a pig. Common in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Afrikaans aardvark (now rare), erdvark, from aarde (“earth”, from Middle Dutch aerde) + vark (“pig”, from Middle Dutch varken). Early European colonists in South Africa noticed that the animal was similar to a pig, while aarde hints at the animal's habit of burrowing.", + "sentence": "The aardvark burrows in the ground and feeds mostly on termites, which it catches with its long, slimy tongue.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aardvark", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "aberration": { + "definition": "The act of wandering; deviation from truth, moral rectitude; abnormal; divergence from the straight, correct, proper, normal, or from the natural state.", + "origin": "A learned borrowing from Latin aberrātiō(n) (“relief, diversion”), first attested in 1594, from aberrō (“wander away, go astray”), from ab (“away”) + errō (“wander”). Compare French aberration. By surface analysis, aberrat(e) + -ion.", + "sentence": "In retrospect, 2020 was the aberration, the rearguard action of a struggling regime and its struldbrugg ruler.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aberration", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 January 10, Peter Thiel, “A time for truth and reconciliation”, in Financial Times:" + }, + "ablation": { + "definition": "The surgical removal of a body part, an organ, or especially a tumor; the removal of an organ function; amputation.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLate Latin ablātiōder.\nMiddle English albacioun\nEnglish ablation\nFrom Late Middle English ablacioun (“removal”), from Late Latin ablātiō (“a taking away”), from auferō (“to take away, carry off, withdraw, remove”) + -tiō (“-tion”, nominal suffix). Doublet of ablatio. Compare French ablation. By surface analysis, ablat(e) + -ion.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ablation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ablaut": { + "definition": "To undergo a change of vowel.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Germanic *ab\nOld High German ab\nMiddle High German ab\nGerman ab\nGerman ab-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlew-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlutós\nProto-Germanic *hlūdaz\nProto-West Germanic *hlūd\nOld High German lūt\nMiddle High German lūt\nGerman Laut\nGerman Ablautbor.\nEnglish ablaut\nBorrowed from German Ablaut (“sound gradation”), which is from ab- or ab (“down, off”), + Laut (“sound”). Ab is used here in the sense of “deviating, varying” as in Abgott (“god other than the true God”), Abart (“different sort, variety, anomality”).", + "sentence": "However, it does not ablaut at all in its verbal forms.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ablaut", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1983, Stephanie W. Jamison, Function and Form in the -áya-formations of the Rig Veda and ..., page 209:" + }, + "abnegation": { + "definition": "A denial; a renunciation; denial of desire or self-interest.", + "origin": "First attested before 1398. From Middle English abnegacioun, borrowed from Latin abnegātiō, from abnegō (“refuse, deny”), from ab (“off”) + negō (“deny; refuse, say no”). Compare French abnégation.", + "sentence": "With abnegation of God, of his honor, and of religion, they may retain the friendship of the court.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abnegation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1558, John Knox, Letter to the Queen Dowager:" + }, + "abominable": { + "definition": "Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable.", + "origin": "From Middle English abhomynable, from Old French abominable, from Late Latin abōminābilis (“deserving abhorrence”), from abōminor (“abhor, deprecate as an ill omen”), from ab (“from, away from”) + ōminor (“forebode, predict, presage”), from ōmen (“sign, token, omen”). Formerly erroneously folk-etymologized as deriving from Latin ab- + homo, literally \"away from humankind,\" and therefore spelled abhominable, abhominal (Hence, Shakespeare puns on this when Hamlet speaks of incompetent actors that \"imitate humanity abominably.\")", + "sentence": "He committed an abominable act of cruelty.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abominable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "abrogate": { + "definition": "To annul (as a law, decree, ordinance, etc.) by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or their successor; to repeal.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Italic *ap\nLatin abder.\nLatin ab-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *h₃roǵósder.\nProto-Indo-European *preḱ-der.\nProto-Italic *prokos\nLatin procus\nLatin procō\nLatin rogō\nLatin abrogō\nLatin abrogātusder.\nMiddle English abrogat\nEnglish abrogate\nFirst attested in 1526, from Middle English abrogat (“abolished”), from Latin abrogātus, perfect passive participle of abrogō (“repeal”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), formed from ab (“away”) + rogō (“ask, inquire, propose”). See rogation.", + "sentence": "Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they cannot alter or abrogate.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abrogate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1796, Edmund Burke, Letter I. On the Overtures of Peace.:" + }, + "affluent": { + "definition": "Abundant; copious; plenteous.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French affluent, borrowed in turn from Latin affluentem, accusative singular of affluēns, present active participle of affluō (“flow to or towards; overflow with”), from ad (“to, towards”) + fluō (“flow”) (cognate via latter to fluid, flow). Sense of “wealthy” (plentiful flow of goods) c. 1600, which also led to nominalization affluence. By surface analysis, af- + fluent.", + "sentence": "The shores are affluent in beauty, and incomparably lovely is the drive to the heights of Castel-a-Mare.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affluent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1860, Mary Howitt, transl., Life in the Old World:" + }, + "affogato": { + "definition": "A drink or dessert (especially ice cream) topped with espresso and sometimes a caramel or chocolate sauce.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian affogato (literally “drowned”).", + "sentence": "The magic of affogato is that you get two pleasures in one: a spoonable dessert sauced with coffee, and a cream-blushed drink to chase it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affogato", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 August 11, Eric Kim, “Affogato”, in New York Times Cooking, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 11 Aug 2021:" + }, + "afghan": { + "definition": "A blanket or throw, usually crocheted or knitted.", + "origin": "From Afghan.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/afghan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aficionado": { + "definition": "A person who likes, knows about, and appreciates a particular interest or activity (originally bullfighting); a fan or devotee.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nSpanish afición\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -āre\nOld Spanish -ar\nSpanish -ar\nSpanish aficionar\nSpanish -ado\nSpanish aficionadobor.\nEnglish aficionado\nBorrowed from Spanish aficionado (“fan, amateur”), past participle of aficionar (“to inspire fondness in someone, to get someone interested in something”). Doublet of affectionate.", + "sentence": "To the \"closet\" taxonomist and aficionado of nomenclatural exercises, such emphasis may seem an intrusion.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aficionado", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page ix:" + }, + "agalma": { + "definition": "A cult image or votive offering.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἄγαλμα (ágalma).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agalma", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "agate": { + "definition": "A semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two.", + "origin": "From Middle French agathe, from Latin achatēs, from Ancient Greek ἀχάτης (akhátēs, “agate”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "absolution": { + "definition": "An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense.", + "origin": "From Middle English absolucion, absolucioun, from Old French absolution, from Latin absolūtiōnem, accusative singular of absolūtiō (“acquittal”), from absolvō (“absolve”). See also absolve.", + "sentence": "Governments granting absolution to the nation.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/absolution", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "abstemious": { + "definition": "Refraining from freely consuming food or strong drink; sparing in diet; abstinent, temperate.", + "origin": "From Latin abstēmius (“abstaining from wine”); from ab, abs (“from”) + tēmus, a root of tēmētum (“intoxicating drink, especially strong mead or wine”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *temH- (“dark (referring to the colour of wine)”)) + -ous.", + "sentence": "I knew he was of abstemious habit or I should have thought he had been drinking.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstemious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter XXVIII, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC, page 147:" + }, + "accentuate": { + "definition": "To pronounce with an accent or vocal stress.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂n-\nProto-Indo-European *kh₂néti\nProto-Italic *kanō\nLatin canō\nLatin accinō\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus\n▲\nAncient Greek προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (prosōidĭ́ā)calq.\nLatin accentus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin accentuō\nMedieval Latin accentuātusbor.\nEnglish accentuate\nFirst attested in 1731; borrowed from Medieval Latin accentuātus, perfect passive participle of accentuō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from Latin accentus. accent + -u- + -ate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accentuate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "accrual": { + "definition": "The act or process of accruing; accumulation.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish accrue\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish accrual\nFrom accrue + -al.", + "sentence": "What did change was that the accrual of new events stopped.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accrual", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1984 August 11, Janice Irvine, “Secrets of Fear, Shame, and Love”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 5, page 9:" + }, + "accumulate": { + "definition": "To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together (either literally or figuratively), often gradually and without active intent.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁mósder.?\nLatin cumulus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin cumulō\nLatin accumulō\nLatin accumulātusbor.\nMiddle English accumylaten\nEnglish accumulate\nFirst attested c. 1487; from Middle English accumylaten, borrowed from Latin accumulātus, perfect passive participle of accumulō (“to amass, pile up”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), formed from ad (“to, towards, at”) + cumulō (“to heap”), from cumulus (“a heap”) + -ō (first conjugation verb-forming suffix). Cognate with French accumuler.", + "sentence": "He wishes to accumulate a sum of money.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accumulate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "acerbity": { + "definition": "Harshness, bitterness, or severity.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French acerbité, from Latin acerbitās (“acerbity; harshness”), from acerbus (“bitter”). See acerb.", + "sentence": "“Well ?” I repeated with some acerbity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acerbity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], chapter 1, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:" + }, + "achromatic": { + "definition": "Free from color; transmitting light without color-related distortion.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἀχρωμάτιστος (akhrōmátistos, “uncolored”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”), equivalent to a- + chromatic; compare French achromatique.", + "sentence": "The designer chose an achromatic color scheme of black, white, and gray.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/achromatic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "acoustic": { + "definition": "Nonelectric; mechanical or otherwise basic.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ew-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti\nProto-Hellenic *akóuhō\nAncient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós)\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓κουστῐκός (ăkoustĭkós)bor.\nMedieval Latin acousticusbor.\nEnglish acoustic\nBorrowed from Medieval Latin acousticus, acūsticus, from Ancient Greek ἀκουστῐκός (akoustĭkós, “of or for hearing”), from ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, adjectival suffix).", + "sentence": "WATSON: But you haven't had a sort of acoustic banana?", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acoustic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020 June 4, 14:45 from the start, in No More Jockeys, season 1, episode 7, spoken by Tim Key and Mark Watson:" + }, + "acquiesce": { + "definition": "To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by silence or by omitting to object.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French acquiescer, from Latin acquiescō; ad + quiescō (“to rest”), from quies (“rest”).", + "sentence": "They were compelled to acquiesce in a government which they did not regard as just.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acquiesce", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1846, Thomas De Quincey, “On Christianity, as an Organ of Political Movement”, in Tait's Magazine:" + }, + "acral": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to peripheral body parts, such as toes and fingers.", + "origin": "From acr- + -al.", + "sentence": "Acral melanoma is a type of skin cancer that occurs on fingers, palms, soles, and nail beds.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "acuity": { + "definition": "The ability to think, see, or hear clearly.", + "origin": "From Middle English acuite, acuyte, from Middle French acuité, from Medieval Latin acuitas, irreg., from Latin acuō (“sharpen”).", + "sentence": "The old woman with dementia lost her mental acuity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acuity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "acumen": { + "definition": "Quickness of perception or discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice discrimination; acuity of mind.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin acūmen (“sharp point”).", + "sentence": "With all respect for your natural acumen, I do not think that you are quite a match for the worthy doctor.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acumen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1905, Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes:" + }, + "acupuncture": { + "definition": "The insertion of needles into the (living) tissue of the body affecting the Qi or energy along energetic pathways of the body called meridians. This modality is traditionally used as a form of internal medical treating all disease and illnesses, in Western countries it is widely used for the purposes of pain relief.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-der.\nProto-Italic *akus\nLatin acus\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Italic *pungō\nLatin pungō\nLatin pūnctus\nProto-Indo-European *-tew-?\nProto-Indo-European *-r-eh₂?\nLatin -tūra\nLatin pūnctūra\nNew Latin acūpūnctūralbor.\nEnglish acupuncture\nLearned borrowing from New Latin acūpūnctūra, from Latin acus + pūnctūra. First attested in 1684. By surface analysis, acu- + puncture.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acupuncture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "adjugate": { + "definition": "The transpose of the respective cofactor matrix, for a given matrix. One of the factors in calculating the inverse of a matrix. Commonly notated as adj(A), where A is the given matrix.", + "origin": "From Latin adjugatus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adjugate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "adjure": { + "definition": "To summon the Devil or an evil spirit; also, to exorcize the Devil or an evil spirit.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English adjuren (“to bind (oneself or someone) by oath to do something; to entreat or implore (someone); to question (someone) under oath”), from Anglo-Norman adjurer, Middle French adjurer, and Old French ajurer (“to bind (oneself or someone) under oath; to entreat or implore (someone)”) (modern French adjurer), and from their etymon Latin adiūrāre, the present active infinitive of adiūrō (“to take an oath”) (whence Late Latin adiūrō (“to entreat or implore (someone); to conjure; to exorcize”)), from ad- (prefix meaning ‘to, towards’, or having an intensifying effect) + iūrō (“to confirm formally; to take an oath”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew- (“(adjective) straight; upright; (noun) justice, right; law”)).\ncognates\n* Italian adiurare\n* Old Occitan ajurar\n* Spanish ajurar (archaic), adjurar", + "sentence": "His daily exerciſe is to exorciſe or adjure.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adjure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1649, Richard Hodges, Most Plain Directions for True-writing: […], London: […] W. D. for Rich[ard] Hodges […]; [a]lso by Nicolas Bourn, […], published 1653, →OCLC, page 7:" + }, + "adolescence": { + "definition": "The transitional period of physical and psychological development between childhood and maturity, beginning at the onset of puberty and with an endpoint defined either legally (at the age of majority, such as 18 in many jurisdictions) or psychocognitively (at various ages, depending on individual experience).", + "origin": "From Middle English adolescence, from Old French adolescence, from Latin adolēscentia, from adolēscēns (“young”); see adolescent.", + "sentence": "During adolescence, the body and mind go through many complex changes, some of which are difficult to deal with.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adolescence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "adulation": { + "definition": "Flattery; fulsome praise.", + "origin": "From French adulation, from Latin adulātio (“flattery”).", + "sentence": "He was uncomfortable with the adulation from his fans.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adulation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "advocatory": { + "definition": "Characteristic of an advocate.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish advocate\nLatin -tōriusder.\nMiddle English -orie\nEnglish -ory\nEnglish advocatory\nFrom advocate + -ory.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/advocatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aerobics": { + "definition": "A form of exercise, designed to enhance one's cardiovascular fitness, normally performed to music.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ews-\nProto-Indo-European *-r\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér\nProto-Hellenic *auhḗr\nAncient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr)\nProto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-der.\nAncient Greek βίος (bíos)\nFrench aérobie\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish aerobic\nEnglish -s\nEnglish aerobics\nFrom aerobic + -s.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aerobics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "affable": { + "definition": "Receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; friendly, courteous, sociable.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French affable, from Latin affābilis, from affor (“to address”), from ad + for (“to speak, to talk”). See fable. By surface analysis, af- + fable.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "affianced": { + "definition": "engaged; betrothed", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affianced", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "affiliate": { + "definition": "Someone or something, especially, a television station, that is associated with a larger, related organization, such as a television network; a member of a group of associated things.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin affīliātus, the passive past participle of Late Latin adfīliō, affīliō (“to adopt as son”), from ad- + fīlius + -ō. Equivalent to Latin affīliō + -ate. Compare French affilié (noun).", + "sentence": "Our local TV channel is an affiliate of NBC.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affiliate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "analgesia": { + "definition": "A process of temporarily reducing the ability to feel pain; the provision of this service.", + "origin": "From New Latin analgēsia, from Ancient Greek ἀναλγησίᾱ (analgēsíā, “want of feeling, insensibility”), from ἀνάλγητος (análgētos), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) + ἀλγέω (algéō, “feel bodily pain, suffer”) + -τος (-tos, adjectival suffix).", + "sentence": "This office procedure is quick and straightforward, but it does require some analgesia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/analgesia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "anchorage": { + "definition": "A fee charged for anchoring.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enk-der.?\nPre-Greekbor.?\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓́γκῡρᾰ (ắnkūră)bor.?\nLatin ancorabor.\nProto-Germanic *ankurô\nProto-West Germanic *ankurō\nOld English ancor\nMiddle English anker\nEnglish anchor\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nLatin -āticus\nLatin -āticum\nOld French -agebor.\nMiddle English -age\nEnglish -age\nEnglish anchorage\nFrom anchor + -age.", + "sentence": "Anchorage is five pounds a night outside the harbour.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anchorage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ancillary": { + "definition": "Subordinate; secondary; auxiliary.", + "origin": "From Latin ancillāris (“ancillary; relating to female slaves”), from ancilla (“slave-woman”).", + "sentence": "The cafeteria is primarily used by students and staff (academic, administrative, and ancillary).", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ancillary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 4:" + }, + "anemic": { + "definition": "Of, pertaining to, or suffering from anemia.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish anemia\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish anemic\nFrom anemia + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anemic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "agelicism": { + "definition": "The belief, associated with Émile Durkheim, that the behavior and traits of an individual are determined by his or her social group.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agelicism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aggrandizement": { + "definition": "The act of aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement.", + "origin": "From French agrandissement, from agrandir; equivalent to aggrandize + -ment.", + "sentence": "The emperor seeks only the aggrandizement of his own family.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aggrandizement", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "aglossal": { + "definition": "Having no tongue.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)der.\nEnglish a-\nProto-Hellenic *glṓt͏̌t͏̌ā\nAncient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă)\nEnglish -al\nEnglish glossal\nEnglish aglossal\nFrom a- + glossal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aglossal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "agnail": { + "definition": "Torn skin near a toenail or fingernail.", + "origin": "From Middle English agnail, from Old English angnægl, from ang- + nægl, from Proto-Germanic *naglaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nogʰ-.", + "sentence": "He had a troublesome \"back-friend\" or \"agnail,\" at which he often bit.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agnail", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1866, E[liza] Lynn Linton, “Margaret and Ainslie”, in Lizzie Lorton of Greyrigg. […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 121, column 2:" + }, + "agonistic": { + "definition": "Of or relating to contests that were originally participated in by the Ancient Greeks; athletic.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀγωνιστικός (agōnistikós).", + "sentence": "These words, with what follow, are for the most part agonistic, referring to the customes of the Grecian exercices, in their games.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agonistic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1673, Theophilus Gale, A Discourse of Christ’s Coming, London: John Hancock Senior and Junior, Chapter 2, Section 4, p. 70:" + }, + "agoraphobia": { + "definition": "The fear of wide open spaces, crowds, or uncontrolled social conditions.", + "origin": "From Latin agoraphobia, from Ancient Greek ἀγορά (agorá, “assembly”) + φοβία (phobía, “fear”). By surface analysis, agora + -phobia.\nCoined by Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal in 1871.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agoraphobia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aioli": { + "definition": "A type of sauce made from garlic and olive oil, often with egg and lemon juice and similar to mayonnaise.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French aïoli, from Occitan alhòli, from alh (“garlic”) + òli (“oil”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aioli", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "akimbo": { + "definition": "With a crook or bend; with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward.", + "origin": "From Middle English in kenebowe, in kene bowe (“in a keen bow”, i.e. “in a sharp bend or angle”), from in (“in”) + keen, kene (“brave, keen, sharp”) + bowe (“bow, bend”). Alternately, possibly from Old Norse kengr (“bent”) + bogi (“a bow”), compare Icelandic kengboginn (“bow-bent”).", + "sentence": "\"Now, then, mister,\" said he, with his head cocked and his arms akimbo, \"what are you driving at?", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/akimbo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1892 [January], A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. VII.—The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle.”, in Geo[rge] Newnes, editor, The Strand Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly, volume III (January to June), number [13], London: George Newnes, Limited, […], page 80, column 1:" + }, + "albeit": { + "definition": "Although, despite (it) being.", + "origin": "From the Middle English expression al be it (that), itself shortened from althagh it be that (“although it be that”), and thus composed from al (“completely, entirely”, literally “all”) + be (3rd person singular present subjunctive of been (“to be”)) + it.", + "sentence": "Who are you? tell me for more certainty, / Albeit Ile ſweare that I do know your tongue.", + "part_of_speech": "conj", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/albeit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], page 170:" + }, + "alimentation": { + "definition": "Alimony.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nFrench aliment\nProto-Italic *-āzi\n▲\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nFrench alimenter\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nFrench -ation\nFrench alimentationbor.\nEnglish alimentation\nBorrowed from French alimentation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alimentation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "allergenic": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to an allergen.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish allergen\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish allergenic\nFrom allergen + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/allergenic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "allocable": { + "definition": "Able to be allocated.", + "origin": "By surface analysis, allocate + -able, on model of Latin allocare, rather than from allocate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/allocable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "allonym": { + "definition": "A pseudonym, (particularly) another person's name used as a pseudonym by the author of a work.", + "origin": "From allo- (“other, different”) + -onym (“name”), probably via French allonyme. Compare German allonym, Allonym. First attested in 1725.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/allonym", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "alluvial": { + "definition": "Pertaining to the soil deposited by a stream.", + "origin": "From Latin alluvius (“alluvial”), from alluviō (“an overflowing, inundation”), from alluō (“wash against”). By surface analysis, alluvium + -ial.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alluvial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "alma mater": { + "definition": "A school, college, or university which a person has graduated from or attended.", + "origin": "From Latin alma māter (literally “nourishing mother”). Derives from the full name (\"Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna\") of the oldest European university, the University of Bologna, founded in 1088.", + "sentence": "I’m in the place where I grew up, where my alma mater is.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alma%20mater", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and facts behind railway plaques: Evesham (1870)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 58:" + }, + "althorn": { + "definition": "An alto or tenor saxhorn", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/althorn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "amalgam": { + "definition": "A combination of different things.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin amalgama (“mercury alloy”), from Arabic اَلْمَلْغَم (al-malḡam, “emollient poultice or unguent for sores”), from Ancient Greek μάλαγμα (málagma, “emollient; malleable material”), from μαλάσσω (malássō, “to soften”), from μαλακός (malakós, “soft”). Doublet of malagma. For the verb, compare French amalgamer.", + "sentence": "A church where spirit, pain, and joy formed a holy amalgam and were righteously acknowledged out loud.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amalgam", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1987 December 20, Barbara Smith, “We Must Always Bury Our Dead Twice”, in Gay Community News, volume 15, number 23, page 10:" + }, + "ambrosial": { + "definition": "Pertaining to or worthy of the gods.", + "origin": "Partly from ambrosia and partly from Latin ambrosius, + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ambrosial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ammonite": { + "definition": "Any of an extinct group of cephalopods of the subclass Ammonoidea; a fossil shell of such an animal.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEgyptian jmnbor.\nAncient Greek Ᾰ̓́μμων (Ắmmōn)bor.\nLatin Ammōn\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nAncient Greek -της (-tēs)der.\nAncient Greek -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs)der.\nLatin -ītēslbor.\nFrench -ite\nFrench ammonitebor.\nEnglish ammonite\nFrom French ammonite, from Latin Ammōnis (cornū) (“horn of Ammon”), as it was called by Pliny the Elder in reference to coiling ram horns used to symbolise the Egyptian god Amun. Equivalent to Ammon + -ite.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ammonite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ammunition": { + "definition": "Arguments and information that can be used against the other party in a conflict.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mey-\nProto-Indo-European *móyni\nProto-Italic *moini\nLatin moene\nProto-Indo-European *-yétider.\nLatin -iō\nLatin mūniō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin mūnitiōnemlbor.\nMiddle French munition\nMiddle French amunitionbor.\nEnglish ammunition\nFrom older French amunition, rebracketing of la munition (“the war supplies”) as l'amunition. Ultimately from Latin; see munition for more.", + "sentence": "They say that the booklet gives them ammunition which is proving effective in breaking down resistance against home building which was created by false propaganda.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ammunition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1938, American Lumberman, page 52:" + }, + "amygdala": { + "definition": "Each one of the two regions of the brain, located as a pair in the medial temporal lobe, believed to play a key role in processing emotions, such as fear and pleasure, in both animals and humans.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē)bor.\n▲\nArabic لَوْز (lawz)sl.\nMedieval Latin amygdalalbor.\nEnglish amygdala\nLearned borrowing from Latin amygdala (“almond, amygdala”), from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē, “almond”), named as such due to its shape. Doublet of almond, amygdale, and mandorla.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amygdala", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "anabolic": { + "definition": "Of or relating to anabolism.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”) + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anabolic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "anaglyphy": { + "definition": "The use of anaglyphs (decoration in low relief).", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anaglyphy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "analects": { + "definition": "A collection of excerpts or quotes.", + "origin": "First attested in 1658, from Ancient Greek ἀνάλεκτα (análekta, “things chosen”), from ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) + λέγω (légō, “I gather”). Compare lecture.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/analects", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "analepsis": { + "definition": "A form of flashback in which earlier parts of a narrative are related to others that have already been narrated", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἀνάληψις (análēpsis).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/analepsis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "anicca": { + "definition": "Impermanence, the doctrine claiming that all of conditioned existence, without exception, is transient. One of the three marks of existence.", + "origin": "Transliteration of Pali anicca.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anicca", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "anionic": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to an anion.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂en-\nProto-Hellenic *aná\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ́ (ănắ)\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ- (ănă-)\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ey-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éyti\nProto-Hellenic *éimi\nAncient Greek ῐ̓όν (ĭón)\nAncient Greek ἀνῐόν (anĭón)lbor.\nEnglish anion\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish anionic\nFrom anion + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anionic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "anise": { + "definition": "An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice. It has a licorice scent.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEgyptian jnstbor.\nAncient Greek ἄνῑσον (ánīson)bor.\nLatin anīsumder.\nOld French anisbor.\nMiddle English anys\nEnglish anise\nFrom Middle English anys, borrowed from Old French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνισον (ánison), from Egyptian jnst.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ankh": { + "definition": "A cross shaped like a T with a loop at the top, the Egyptian hieroglyph representing the Egyptian triliteral ꜥnḫ (“life”) and often used as an amulet or charm for this concept.", + "origin": "From Egyptian anx-Z1 (ꜥnḫ, “life, to live, symbol for life”).", + "sentence": "On temple wall paintings, the ankh is often seen being carried by gods who hold it up to the nose of the pharaoh.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ankh", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1994, Mira Bartok, Christine Ronan, Ancient Egypt and Nubia, page 11:" + }, + "anneal": { + "definition": "To subject to great heat and then (often slow) cooling, and sometimes reheating and further cooling, for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen.", + "origin": "From Middle English anelen, onelen, from Old English onǣlan (“to burn, ignite, set fire to, consume, heat, enlighten, incite, inflame, inspire, kindle”), from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on”) + Proto-Germanic *ailijaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn”). The double-N spelling may have arisen by analogy with Latinate verbs like announce, annex, and annul.\nThe word is related to Old English onāl (“that which is burnt, burning; incense”), Old English āl (“fire, burning”), Icelandic eldur (“fire”), Swedish eld (“fire, flame”), Danish ild (“fire”).", + "sentence": "The isolated disordered regions and the amorphous layer have widely different anneal behavior.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anneal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1970, James W[alter] Mayer, Lennart Eriksson, John A[rthur] Davies, “General Features of Ion Implantation”, in Ion Implantation in Semiconductors: Silicon and Germanium, New York, N.Y.: Academic Press, →OCLC, page 5:" + }, + "annuity": { + "definition": "A right to receive amounts of money regularly over a certain fixed period, in perpetuity, or, especially, over the remaining life or lives of one or more beneficiaries.", + "origin": "From French annuité, from Medieval Latin annuitās, from Latin annuus (“annual”). Cf. annuality.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/annuity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "annulment": { + "definition": "An act or instance of annulling.", + "origin": "Recorded since the 15th century (sense destruction); from Middle English anullement, partly from annullen (from Middle French annuller, from Latin annūllāre, from ad (“to”) + nūllus (“not any, nothing”) + verbal ending -āre) + -ment (“means to”) (from Latin -mentum) and partly from Middle French annullement. By surface analysis, annul + -ment.", + "sentence": "The marriage was declared void by an official annulment.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/annulment", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "anodyne": { + "definition": "Capable of soothing or eliminating pain.", + "origin": "From Middle English anodine, from Medieval Latin anōdynos (“stilling or relieving pain”), from Ancient Greek ἀνώδυνος (anṓdunos, “free from pain”), from ἀν- (an-, “without”) + ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain”).\nAdjective sense “noncontentious” probably through French anodin (“harmless, trivial”), of same origin.", + "sentence": "The citrate is the most efficient as an alkali, but irritates some stomachs, the liquor the most anodyne, the acetate the most diuretic.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anodyne", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1910, Edward L. Keyes, Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs, page 211:" + }, + "anonymity": { + "definition": "The quality or state of being anonymous (nameless or unidentified).", + "origin": "From Latin anonymus or its etymon Ancient Greek ἀνώνυμος (anṓnumos, “anonymous”) + -ity. Compare French anonymité.", + "sentence": "She's garbed her philanthropic activities in anonymity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anonymity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "anorak": { + "definition": "A heavy weatherproof jacket with an attached hood; a parka or windcheater.", + "origin": "* Borrowed from Greenlandic annoraaq.\n* (person with obsessive interest): Originally referring to train spotters (because they would wear anoraks while looking out for trains).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anorak", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "anserine": { + "definition": "Silly, foolish, stupid.", + "origin": "From Latin anserīnus, from anser (“goose”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anserine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "antacid": { + "definition": "An agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity, especially in the stomach.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ent-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₂énts\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *h₂énti\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓ντῐ́ (ăntĭ́)\nAncient Greek ἀντι- (anti-)der.\nEnglish anti-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱéh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *akēō\nLatin aceō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin acidusbor.\nFrench acidebor.\nEnglish acid\nEnglish antacid\nFrom anti- + acid.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antacid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "antagonistic": { + "definition": "Contending or acting against.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish antagonist\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish antagonistic\nFrom antagonist + -ic.", + "sentence": "They were distinct, adverse, even antagonistic.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antagonistic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1855, Henry Hart Milman, History of Latin Christianity:" + }, + "anticipatory": { + "definition": "Characterized by anticipation.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish anticipate\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -tōriusder.\nMiddle English -orie\nEnglish -ory\nEnglish anticipatory\nFrom anticipate + -ory.", + "sentence": "The children were all wearing anticipatory grins as the cake was served.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anticipatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "antipathy": { + "definition": "Natural contrariety or incompatibility between things, as a result of which they negatively affect or oppose each other; (countable) an instance of this.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *h₂énti\nBorrowed from Middle French antipathie (“deep dislike; object of dislike; incompatibility between things”) (modern French antipathie (“dislike, antipathy”)), and from its etymon Latin antipathīa (“counteraction; natural aversion, antipathy”), from Ancient Greek ἀντῐπάθειᾰ (antĭpátheiă, “suffering instead”), Koine Greek ἀντῐπάθειᾰ (antĭpátheiă, “contrary affection; contrast; counteraction; opposition”), from ἀντῐπᾰθής (antĭpăthḗs, “(adjective) felt mutually; in return for suffering; (noun) remedy for suffering”) (from ἀντι- (anti-, prefix meaning ‘against’) + πᾰ́θος (pắthos, “death; disaster; misfortune; pain; suffering; strong feeling, emotion, passion, pathos”) (further etymology uncertain, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind; a bond”) or *kʷendʰ- (“to endure; to suffer”)) + -ης (-ēs, suffix forming third-declension adjectives)) + -ειᾰ (-eiă, suffix forming feminine adjectives and nouns).", + "sentence": "Oil and water have antipathy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antipathy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "antiquarian": { + "definition": "Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish antiquary\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish antiquarian\nFrom antiquary + -an.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antiquarian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "antithesis": { + "definition": "A proposition that is the diametric opposite of some other proposition.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin antithesis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀντίθεσις (antíthesis). By surface analysis, anti- + thesis.", + "sentence": "But Trump has turned out to be the most unchivalrous candidate in living memory, the very antithesis of Schlafly’s ideal Christian standard.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antithesis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016 September 6, Timothy Stanley, “How Phyllis Schlafly gave us Sarah Palin”, in CNN:" + }, + "anxiety": { + "definition": "An unpleasant state of mental uneasiness, nervousness, apprehension and obsession or concern about some uncertain event.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin ānxietās, from ānxius (“anxious, solicitous, distressed, troubled”), from angō (“to distress, trouble”), akin to Ancient Greek ἄγχω (ánkhō, “to choke”). Equivalent to anxious + -ety. See anger; angst.", + "sentence": "She felt a wave of anxiety before the interview.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anxiety", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "aperture": { + "definition": "A small or narrow opening, gap, slit, or hole.", + "origin": "From late Middle English, from Latin apertūra (“an opening”), from aperiō (“to uncover, make or lay bare”) + -tūra (“-ure”, action noun suffix). Doublet of overture and apertura.", + "sentence": "The door was opened — ‘on the chain.’ The old lady peered at us through an aperture of about six inches.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aperture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1897, Richard Marsh, The Beetle:" + }, + "apiary": { + "definition": "A place where bees and their hives are kept.", + "origin": "17th century, from Latin apiārium, from apis (“bee”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apiary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aporia": { + "definition": "An expression of deliberation with oneself regarding uncertainty or doubt as to how to proceed.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin aporia, from Ancient Greek ἀπορία (aporía), from ἄπορος (áporos, “impassable”), from ἀ- (a-, “a-”) + πόρος (póros, “passage”). By surface analysis, a- + pore + -ia.", + "sentence": "Meanings are superposed in an aporia – not ‘either/or’, but ‘and/and’.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aporia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012, Andy Martin, “Text Messenger”, in Literary Review, section 404:" + }, + "apothecary": { + "definition": "A glass jar of the sort once used for storing medicine.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Hellenic *apó\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓πό (ăpó)\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓πο- (ăpo-)\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek ἀποτίθημι (apotíthēmi)der.\nAncient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē)bor.\nLatin apothēca\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nMedieval Latin apothēcāriusder.\nOld French apotecaireder.\nEnglish apothecary\nFrom Old French apotecaire (whence French apothicaire), from Medieval Latin apothēcārius (“storekeeper”), from Latin apothēca (“(originally) repository, storehouse, warehouse; (later) shop, store”) + -ārius (occupational suffix), from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē, “a repository, storehouse”), from ἀπό (apó, “away”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put”), literally “a place where things are put away”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apothecary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "apotheosis": { + "definition": "The fact or action of becoming or making into a god; deification.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Hellenic *apó\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓πό (ăpó)\nAncient Greek ἀπο- (apo-)\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s\nProto-Indo-European *dʰh₁sós\nProto-Hellenic *tʰehós\nAncient Greek θεός (theós)\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-oyétider.?\nAncient Greek -όω (-óō)\nAncient Greek ἀποθεόω (apotheóō)\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Hellenic *-tis\nAncient Greek -τῐς (-tĭs)\nAncient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs)\nAncient Greek ἀποθέωσις (apothéōsis)bor.\nLatin apotheōsisbor.\nEnglish apotheosis\nBorrowed from Latin apotheōsis, from Ancient Greek ἀποθέωσις (apothéōsis), from verb ἀποθεόω (apotheóō, “deify”) (factitive verb formed from θεός (theós, “God”) with intensive prefix ἀπο- (apo-)) + -σις (-sis, “forms noun of action”). By surface analysis, apo- + theo- + -sis.", + "sentence": "As a former mortal who underwent apotheosis, Hercules was important to the emperors.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apotheosis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002, CE Newlands, Statius' Silvae and the Politics of Empire, page 176:" + }, + "apparatus": { + "definition": "The entirety of means whereby a specific production is made existent or task accomplished.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *perh₃-\nProto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃o-\nLatin *paro-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin parō\nLatin apparō\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus\nLatin apparātuslbor.\nEnglish apparatus\nLearned borrowing from Latin apparātus. Doublet of apparat.", + "sentence": "These television stations are part of the apparatus and power of Milosevic.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apparatus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999 April 24, Martin Kettle, Alex Brummer, quoting Tony Blair, “The bombing goes on”, in The Guardian:" + }, + "approbatory": { + "definition": "Tending to approve or confirm.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish approbate\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -tōriusder.\nMiddle English -orie\nEnglish -ory\nEnglish approbatory\nFrom approbate + -ory.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/approbatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aqueduct": { + "definition": "An artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ékʷeh₂\nProto-Italic *akʷā\nLatin aquae\nLatin ductus\nLatin aquaeductusbor.\nEnglish aqueduct\nAdapted borrowing from Latin aquaeductus (“conveyance of water”), from aqua (“water”) + dūcō (“to lead”, “to bring”); compare the French aqueduc.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aqueduct", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aqueous": { + "definition": "Of or relating to water.", + "origin": "Formed from Latin aqua + -ous (or from Medieval Latin aqueus), partly the analogy of Middle French aqueux (itself actually from Latin aquosus). Or based on the analogy of Latin terreus from terra.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aqueous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aquiclude": { + "definition": "A solid, impermeable area underlying or overlying an aquifer.", + "origin": "From aqui- + Latin claudere (“to shut”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aquiclude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "arbitrary": { + "definition": "Based on individual discretion or judgment; not based on any objective distinction, perhaps even made at random.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin arbiter\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -ārius\nLatin arbitrāriusder.\nMiddle English arbitrarie\nEnglish arbitrary\nFrom Middle English arbitrarie, Latin arbitrārius (“arbitrary, uncertain”), from arbiter (“witness, on-looker, listener, judge, overseer”).", + "sentence": "Benjamin Franklin's designation of \"positive\" and \"negative\" to different charges was arbitrary.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitrary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "arboretum": { + "definition": "A place where many varieties of tree are grown for research, educational, and ornamental purposes.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin arborētum (“place with trees growing, plantation of trees”), from arbor (“tree”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arboretum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "archaism": { + "definition": "An archaic word, style, etc.", + "origin": "17th century, from New Latin archaismus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχαϊσμός (arkhaïsmós, “an antiquated phrase or style”), from ἀρχαίζω (arkhaízō, “to model one's style upon that of ancient writers”), from ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos, “old, ancient”), from ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “beginning”), from ἄρχω (árkhō, “I begin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ergʰ- (“to begin, rule, command”).", + "sentence": "In this text, the word \"methinks\" appears to be a deliberate archaism.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/archaism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "archetype": { + "definition": "An original model of which all other similar concepts, objects, or persons are merely copied, derivative, emulated, or patterned.", + "origin": "From Old French architipe (modern French archétype), from Latin archetypum (“original”), from Ancient Greek ἀρχέτυπον (arkhétupon, “model, pattern”), the neuter form of ἀρχέτυπος (arkhétupos, “first-moulded”), from ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “beginning, origin”) (from ἄρχω (árkhō, “to begin; to lead, rule”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ergʰ- (“to begin; to command, rule”)) + τῠ́πος (tŭ́pos, “blow, pressing; sort, type”) (from τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push; to stick”)).", + "sentence": "His manners, however, are of a much more engaging nature than thoſe of his archetype.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/archetype", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1790 June, “Art. VIII. Ethelinde, or, The Recluse of the Lake. By Charlotte Smith. 12mo. 5 Vols. 15s. sewed. Cadell. 1789. [book review]”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume II, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], →OCLC, page 164:" + }, + "arduous": { + "definition": "Needing or using up much energy; testing powers of endurance.", + "origin": "From Latin arduus (“lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious”), akin to Irish ard (“high”).", + "sentence": "The movement towards a peaceful settlement has been a long and arduous political struggle.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arduous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "argot": { + "definition": "A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves, tramps and vagabonds.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French argot, of unknown origin.", + "sentence": "Sadie had, in the argot of the day, a really good built.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/argot", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011, Stephen King, 11/22/63, New York: Scribner, →ISBN, page 338 of 338–339:" + }, + "arietta": { + "definition": "a short aria.", + "origin": "From Italian arietta (“breeze”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arietta", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "armature": { + "definition": "A detachment of soldiers; soldiers collectively.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French armature, from Latin armātūra (“armour”). Doublet of armor and armure.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/armature", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "armistice": { + "definition": "A (short) cessation of combat.", + "origin": "From Late Latin armistitium, from Latin arma (“arms, weapons”) + sistēre (from sistō (“to halt, stand still”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand up”)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The word is cognate with French armistice, Italian armistizio, Portuguese armistício, Spanish armisticio.", + "sentence": "An armistice is the cessation of active hostilities for a period agreed upon between belligerents.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/armistice", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1863 April 24, Francis Lieber, “Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field [General Order No. 100]”, in General Orders Affecting the Volunteer Force (Adjutant General’s Office; 1863), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, published 1864, →OCLC, section VIII (Armistice—Capitulation), page 83:" + }, + "arpeggio": { + "definition": "The notes of a chord played individually instead of simultaneously, usually moving from lowest to highest.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian arpeggio, from arpeggiare (“to play a harp”).", + "sentence": "Victor stopped in the middle of an arpeggio.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arpeggio", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1956, Delano Ames, chapter 14, in Crime out of Mind:" + }, + "arraign": { + "definition": "To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of reason, taste, or any other tribunal.", + "origin": "From Middle English areynen (“to interrogate, arraign, reprimand”), from Anglo-Norman areiner, arener, from Old French araisnier, areisnier, aresnier (“to speak to, address; accuse (in a law court)”) (whence modern French arraisonner (“to verify cargo, to arraign”)), from Vulgar Latin *arratiōnāre, from Latin adratiōnāre, from ad (“to”) + *ratiōnāre (“to reason, talk reasonably, talk”), from ratiō (“reason, reasoning, discourse”), from rat-, past-participle stem of rērī (“to reckon, calculate”). First attested in the late 14th century. Doublet of areason.\nAbout the -g- within the word, Etymonline and the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary both agree that it is present by hypercorrection and appears since the 16th century. The Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) and the Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1986) however, provides two etymological links each, which are Old French aragnier and araigner. The Oxford English Dictionary (1885, 1989) did not support either of these hypotheses, but did attribute Old French arraigner, arainer to an unrelated obsolete sense and etymon.", + "sentence": "They will not dare to arraign you for want of knowledge.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arraign", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1697, Virgil, “(please specify the book number)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "arrearage": { + "definition": "The condition of being in arrears.", + "origin": "From Middle English arrerage, from Old French arierage (“detriment, legal prejudice”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arrearage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "augment": { + "definition": "To increase; to make larger or supplement.", + "origin": "From Middle English augmenten, from Middle French augmenter, from Old French augmenter, from Late Latin augmentare (“to increase”), from Latin augmentum (“an increase, growth”), from augere (“to increase”).", + "sentence": "The money from renting out a spare room can augment a salary.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/augment", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "auklet": { + "definition": "Any of several small seabirds in the genera Aethia, Cerorhinca and Ptychoramphus of the auk family Alcidae.", + "origin": "From auk + -let.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/auklet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aureole": { + "definition": "A circle of light or halo around the head of a deity or a saint.", + "origin": "From Middle English aureole, from Old French aureole, from Medieval Latin aureola (corona) (“golden (crown)”). Doublet of oriole.", + "sentence": "It was the daily theme of her lady's-maid,—a natural aureole to her head.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aureole", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1859, George Meredith, chapter 16, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. A History of Father and Son. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC:" + }, + "auricular": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the sense of hearing.", + "origin": "Late Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin auriculāris, from auricula (“the external ear; the ear”) + -āris (“-ar”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to auricle + -ar. Doublet of auricularis.", + "sentence": "The auricular nerves were damaged.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/auricular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "aurora": { + "definition": "An atmospheric phenomenon created by charged particles from the sun striking the upper atmosphere, creating coloured lights in the sky. It is usually named australis or borealis based on whether it is in the Southern or Northern Hemisphere respectively.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin aurōra (“dawn”). Doublet of Eos.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aurora", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "auspices": { + "definition": "Protection or patronage.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "The project took place under the auspices of the local church.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/auspices", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "austere": { + "definition": "Grim or severe in manner or appearance.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek αὐστηρός (austērós, “bitter, harsh, astringent”), having the specific meaning “making the tongue dry” (originally used of fruits, wines), related to αὔω (aúō, “to singe”), αὖος (aûos, “dry”).", + "sentence": "The headmistress was an austere old woman.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/austere", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "avarice": { + "definition": "Excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greed for wealth", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ew-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ew-eh₁yeti\nLatin aveō\nLatin avārus\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin -itia\nLatin avāritiabor.\nOld French avaricebor.\nMiddle English avarice\nEnglish avarice\nFrom Middle English avarice, from Old French, from Latin avāritia, from avārus (“greedy”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avarice", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "avifauna": { + "definition": "The birds, or all the kinds of birds, inhabiting a region.", + "origin": "From New Latin, from Latin avis (“bird”) + New Latin fauna (“animals”), from Latin Faunus (“god of herdsmen”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avifauna", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "avuncular": { + "definition": "In the manner of an uncle, pertaining to an uncle.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin avunculāris, from Classical Latin avunculus (“maternal uncle”) + -āris (“-ar”).", + "sentence": "Both uncle Frank and uncle Stephen Austen had made it a point of principle to be rigorously unsentimental in the discharge of their avuncular obligations.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avuncular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997, David Nokes, Jane Austen: A Life:" + }, + "artesian": { + "definition": "Of a water supply, rising to the surface under its own hydrostatic pressure.", + "origin": "From French puits artésien (“artesian well”), from the former province of Artois, where the technique of artesian wells was elaborated by monks in the 12th century.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/artesian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "artifice": { + "definition": "Crafty deception.", + "origin": "From Middle French artifice, from Latin artificium.", + "sentence": "The notion that consequence can be as easily managed as PR is the ultimate artifice and the ultimate delusion.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/artifice", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 November 21, Charles Hugh Smith, When Everything Is Artifice and PR, Collapse Beckons:" + }, + "asado": { + "definition": "Any of various dishes made from grilled or barbecued meat originating in Latin American and Philippine cuisine.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish asado (“grilled”), from Latin assātus (“roasted”), past participle of Latin assō (“to roast, broil”), from assus (“roasted”) + -ō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-. Partially borrowed from Tagalog asado from the same origin.", + "sentence": "It has a roasted platter which includes soyed chicken, roast duck, barbecued pork asado, fried five-spice roll, and soyed cucumber with century egg.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/asado", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022 June 18, “Go on a Binondo food trip this Father's Day at Lucky Chinatown”, in Manila Bulletin, Manila: Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 22 Jun 2022:" + }, + "ascension": { + "definition": "The act of ascending; an ascent.", + "origin": "From Middle English ascencioun, from Old French ascension, from Latin ascēnsiō, ascēnsiōnem (“ascent”). Displaced native Old English upfæreld.", + "sentence": "The ascension of the hot-air balloon gave us a better view.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ascension", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ascetic": { + "definition": "Characterized by rigorous self-denial or self-discipline; austere; abstinent; involving a withholding of physical pleasure.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἀσκέω (askéō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek ἀσκητής (askētḗs)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ικός (-ikós)\nAncient Greek ἀσκητῐκός (askētĭkós)der.\nMedieval Latin asceticusbor.\nEnglish ascetic\nFirst use appears c. 1646. From Medieval Latin asceticus, from Ancient Greek ἀσκητικός (askētikós), from ἀσκητής (askētḗs, “monk, hermit”), from ἀσκέω (askéō, “to exercise”).", + "sentence": "This experience enables Nāgārjuna to recognize that desire is the root cause of suffering and motivates him to turn to a more ascetic lifestyle.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ascetic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015, Carl Olson, Indian Asceticism: Power, Violence, and Play, page 155:" + }, + "Asgard": { + "definition": "The realm of the Æsir gods.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ems-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *h₂émsus\nProto-Germanic *ansuz\nProto-Norse *ᚨᛊᚢᛉ (*asuʀ)\nOld Norse áss\nProto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos\nProto-Germanic *gardaz\nOld Norse garðr\nOld Norse Ásgarðrlbor.\nEnglish Asgard\nLearned borrowing from Old Norse Ásgarðr. Agartha may be a corruption of this.", + "sentence": "The gods built themselves castles in Asgard, and halls that shone with gold.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Asgard", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1884, M. W. Macdowall, Asgard and the gods, […] , page 48:" + }, + "Asiago": { + "definition": "A township near Vicenza in the Veneto, Italy.", + "origin": "From Italian Asiago (Venetan Axiago), from Medieval Latin Axiglagum, a predial name from a name like Asellius or Acilius. The Cimbrian name is Slege and the German name is Schlägen, both also deriving from the Latin (Aselago → Selago → Slago → Slege).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Asiago", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aspish": { + "definition": "Pertaining to, or like, an asp (the snake).", + "origin": "From asp + -ish.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "assailant": { + "definition": "Someone who attacks or assails another violently, or criminally.", + "origin": "From Old French assaillant, from the verb assaillir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“to, towards”) + salīre (“to jump”). Equivalent to assail + -ant.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/assailant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "assiduous": { + "definition": "Hard-working, diligent or regular (in attendance or work); industrious.", + "origin": "A learned borrowing from Latin assiduus, from assidere (“to sit down to”), from ad- (“to”) + sedere (“to sit”). Compare sedulous.\nCognate (via assidere) to assess.", + "sentence": "Penniman, as well as his daughter, had been assiduous at his bedside.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/assiduous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1880, Henry James, chapter 33, in Washington Square, Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 249:" + }, + "assumption": { + "definition": "The act of assuming, or taking to or upon oneself; the act of taking up or adopting.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *upó\nProto-Italic *supo\nLatin sub\nLatin sub-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁em-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *h₁émeti\nProto-Italic *emō\nLatin emō\nLatin sūmō\nLatin assūmō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin assūmptiōder.\nMiddle English assumpciounder.\nEnglish assumption\nFrom Middle English assumpcioun, from Medieval Latin assūmptiō (“a taking up (into heaven)”) and Latin assūmptiō (“a taking up, adoption, the minor proposition of a syllogism”) (whence -ion), from Latin assūmō (whence as- (“assimilated form of ad-”). See also assume. Doublet of assumptio.", + "sentence": "His assumption of secretarial duties was timely.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/assumption", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "assure": { + "definition": "To give (someone) confidence in the trustworthiness of (something).", + "origin": "From Old French asseurer (Modern French assurer), from Latin ad- + securus (“secure”). Cognate with Spanish asegurar. Doublet of assecure.", + "sentence": "I assure you that the program will work smoothly when we demonstrate it to the client.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/assure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "asthmatic": { + "definition": "Having the characteristics of asthma.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ἆσθμα (âsthma)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ικός (-ikós)\nKoine Greek ᾱ̓σθματικός (āsthmatikós)bor.\nLatin āsthmaticuslbor.\nEnglish asthmatic\nLearned borrowing from Latin āsthmaticus. By surface analysis, asthma + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/asthmatic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "astral": { + "definition": "Relating to or resembling the stars; starry.", + "origin": "From Late Latin astrālis, from Latin astrum (“star”), from Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron, “star”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "astringent": { + "definition": "A substance which draws tissue together, thus restricting the flow of blood.", + "origin": "From Latin adstringere (“to bind fast”), from ad (“toward”) + stringere (“bind, pull tight”). Compare stringent.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astringent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "astrobleme": { + "definition": "A pit-like structure created by an impacting meteoroid, asteroid or comet.", + "origin": "1963, from astro- + Ancient Greek βλῆμα (blêma, “wound from a missile”)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astrobleme", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "astronaut": { + "definition": "An American space traveler, when contrasted against equivalent terms from other countries such as cosmonaut, taikonaut, spationaut, and vyomanaut.", + "origin": "From astro- + -naut. Coined from Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron, “star”) and ναύτης (naútēs, “sailor”).", + "sentence": "Longtime NASA astronaut Don Pettit, who has ventured to space four times, returned to Earth on Saturday night from the International Space Station.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astronaut", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 April 19, Ashley Strickland, “An astronaut’s awe-inspiring views from life in space”, in CNN:" + }, + "Astur": { + "definition": "A member of a tribe in northern Spain until the first century BC.", + "origin": "Of Celtic, possibly Celtiberian origin. The name could ultimately be related to the Phoenician goddess Astarte.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Astur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "asylum": { + "definition": "A place of safety or refuge.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek σύλη (súlē)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἄσυλος (ásulos)\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nAncient Greek ἄσυλον (ásulon)bor.\nLatin asȳlumlbor.\nEnglish asylum\nLearned borrowing from Latin asȳlum, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄσυλον (ásulon).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/asylum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ataxia": { + "definition": "Lack of coordination while performing voluntary movements, which may appear to be clumsiness, inaccuracy, or instability.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀταξία (ataxía, “disorder”), derived from ἄτακτος (átaktos, “disorderly”). By surface analysis, a- (“not”) + tax- (“order”) + -ia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ataxia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Aten": { + "definition": "The deified disc of the sun, as an aspect of Re or as the sole God under Akhenaten.", + "origin": "From Egyptian jtn.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aten", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "atlatl": { + "definition": "A spearthrower consisting of a wooden stick with a thong or perpendicularly protruding hook on the rear end that grips a grove or socket on the butt of its accompanying spear (or dart), intended to steady the spear immediately prior to throwing, to increase its potential range when thrown, and to increase its force of penetration of the target.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl ahtlatl.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atlatl", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "atrabilious": { + "definition": "Ill-natured; malevolent; cantankerous.", + "origin": "From Latin ātra bīlis (“black bile”) (āter (“dark, black”) + bīlis (“bile”)) + -ous (“full of”), referring to the humour which ancient Hippocratic and later Galenic medicine associated with sadness and despondency.", + "sentence": "Fen was in an atrabilious mood. \"You've been the devil of a time,\" he grumbled as Lily Christine III got under way again.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atrabilious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1946, Edumnd Crispin, The Moving Toyshop: A Detective Story, London: Victor Gollancz, →OCLC, page 40:" + }, + "atresia": { + "definition": "A condition in which a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent.", + "origin": "From Latin atresia, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not, without”) and τρῆσις (trêsis, “perforation”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atresia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "attaché": { + "definition": "A diplomatic officer, usually one who plays a specific role.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French attaché (literally “attached”).", + "sentence": "Little did anyone suspect that the military attaché was one of the world's craftiest spies.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/attach%C3%A9", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "attributive": { + "definition": "Modifying another word, typically a noun, while in the same phrase.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin attributusbor.\nEnglish attribute\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nOld French -ifbor.\nMiddle English -yf\nEnglish -ive\nEnglish attributive\nFrom attribute + -ive.", + "sentence": "In \"this big house\", big is attributive, whereas in \"this house is big\", it is predicative.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/attributive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "attrition": { + "definition": "A gradual reduction in number.", + "origin": "First attested in the 15th century, from Middle English attricion, attricioun, from Middle French attricion, attrition and its etymon, Latin attrītiō (“a rubbing against”), from the verb attrītus, past participle of atterō (“to wear”), from ad- (“to, towards”) + terō (“to rub”). By surface analysis, attrit + -ion.", + "sentence": "These increasingly conservative decisions, and constant attrition of individuals' rights, have directly paralleled the alarming increase of convictions in our courts.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/attrition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990 December 16, Tom Sparks, “Universal Suffrage”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 22, page 4:" + }, + "aubergine": { + "definition": "An Asian plant, Solanum melongena, cultivated for its edible purple, green, or white ovoid fruit; eggplant.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Dravidian *waẓVtVder.\nSanskrit वातिङ्गण (vātiṅgaṇa)bor.\nClassical Persian بَاذِنْگَان (bāzingān)bor.\nArabic اَلْبَاذِنْجَان (al-bāḏinjān)bor.\nCatalan albergíniabor.\nFrench auberginebor.\nEnglish aubergine\nUnadapted borrowing from French aubergine, from Catalan albergínia, from Arabic اَلْبَاذِنْجَان (al-bāḏinjān, “the aubergine”), from Classical Persian بَادِنْجَان (bādinjān), from بَاتِنْگَان (bātingān), from Sanskrit वातिङ्गण (vātiṅgaṇa, “the plant that cures the wind”), from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *waẓVtV. Cognate with Malayalam വഴുതനങ്ങ (vaḻutanaṅṅa), Hindi बैंगन (baiṅgan). Doublet of brinjal, malidzano, and melongene.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aubergine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "auburn": { + "definition": "Of a reddish-brown colour.", + "origin": "Early Modern English auburn (“brown, reddish brown”) from Middle English aubourne, abron, abroune, abrune (“light brown, yellowish brown, blond”), alteration (due to conflation with Middle English brun (“brown”)) of earlier auborne (“yellowish-white, flaxen”) from Old French auborne, alborne (“blond, flaxen, off-white”) from Medieval Latin alburnus (“whitish”), from Latin albus (“white”). More at albino, brown.", + "sentence": "You can see as well as I,” said Retty, the auburn-haired and youngest girl, without removing her eyes from the window.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/auburn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter XXI, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC:" + }, + "aughts": { + "definition": "The first decade of a century, such as 1900 to 1909 or 2000 to 2009, whose digit in the tens place is zero; the noughties.", + "origin": "From the sense of aught to refer to the number zero.", + "sentence": "In the late 1990s and early aughts, at the beginning of the anti-human trafficking movement, people did use the term child prostitution.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aughts", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 November 21, Kate Price, “‘Jeffrey Epstein is not unique’: What his case reveals about the realities of child sex trafficking”, in The Guardian:" + }, + "bacteriolytic": { + "definition": "of, relating to, or causing bacteriolysis", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bacteriolytic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ballyhooed": { + "definition": "Sensationalized; presented with grand claims.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish ballyhoo\nOld English -ed\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Germanic *-ōdaz\nOld English -od\nMiddle English -ed\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish ballyhooed\nFrom ballyhoo + -ed.", + "sentence": "No doubt the much ballyhooed Bob.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ballyhooed", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1996, Frasier episode 3.11:" + }, + "balsamic": { + "definition": "Producing balsam.", + "origin": "From balsam + -ic and French balsamique. Doublet of balsamico and piecewise doublet of balmy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/balsamic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bandicoot": { + "definition": "Any of various small marsupials of Australia and New Guinea, some with distinctive long snouts, of the family Peramelidae.", + "origin": "Ultimately from Telugu పందికొక్కు (pandikokku), from పంది (pandi, “pig, boar”) + కొక్కు (kokku, “bandicoot”); first used of Asian murids, now called bandicoot rats, thence applied to the Australian marsupials which bear some resemblance.", + "sentence": "At the rustle of a bandicoot we noticed the upraised gleam of eyes around the fires.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bandicoot", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1937, Ion L. Idriess, Over the Range, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, published 1947, page 149:" + }, + "biomimicry": { + "definition": "The imitation of biological designs or processes in engineering; biomimetics.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-der.\nAncient Greek βῐ́ος (bĭ́os)\nAncient Greek βῐο- (bĭo-)der.\nEnglish bio-\nEnglish mimicry\nEnglish biomimicry\nFrom bio- + mimicry.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biomimicry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bittern": { + "definition": "The saline substance added to soy milk to coagulate it as a primary step in the production of tofu.", + "origin": "From bitter with an unclear suffix, perhaps a dialect form of -ing.", + "sentence": "Now we add the bittern.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bittern", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, “The Secrets of Tofu across Japan”, in Seasoning the Seasons, NHK World-Japan:" + }, + "blastema": { + "definition": "A clump of undifferentiated cells or blasts, from which an organ or body part will develop, either during the normal growth of an embryo or in the regeneration of a lost body part.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek βλάστημα (blástēma, “sprout”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blastema", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "blastogenesis": { + "definition": "Reproduction via budding.", + "origin": "From blasto- + -genesis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blastogenesis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "blatant": { + "definition": "Obvious, on show; unashamed; loudly obtrusive or offensive.", + "origin": "Coined by Edmund Spenser in 1596 in \"blatant beast\". Probably a variation of *blatand (Scots blaitand (“bleating”)), present participle of blate, a variation of bleat, equivalent to blate + -ant. See bleat. In addition, it is suggested by Latin blatiō (“speak like a fool, prate”), which is rare, and so the similitude may be just coincidental.\nCompare typologically Bulgarian вопиющ (vopijušt), Russian вопию́щий (vopijúščij) (akin to вопи́ть (vopítʹ)).", + "sentence": "So bare-faced that no one can miss such a blatant lie.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blatant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bloviate": { + "definition": "To speak or discourse at length in a pompous or boastful manner.", + "origin": "1845, US, Ohio, from blow (“speak idly, boast”) + -i- + -ate, by analogy with deviate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bloviate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bodega": { + "definition": "Any convenience store.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Hellenic *apó\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓πό (ăpó)\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓πο- (ăpo-)\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek ἀποτίθημι (apotíthēmi)der.\nAncient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē)bor.\nLatin apothēca\nOld Spanish bodega\nSpanish bodegabor.\nEnglish bodega\nBorrowed from Spanish bodega, from Latin apothēca (“storehouse”), from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē, “storehouse”). Doublet of apotheke and boutique. In New York popularized by the Puerto Rican community.", + "sentence": "The familiar yellow awning of your favorite bodega beckons.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bodega", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 November 17, Anna Kodé, “New York’s Bodegas Are Here to Stay”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 17 Nov 2025:" + }, + "bodkin": { + "definition": "A blunt needle used for threading ribbon or cord through a hem or casing.", + "origin": "From Middle English boydekin (“dagger”), apparently from *boyde, *boide (of unknown [Celtic?] origin) + -kin. Cognate with Scots botkin, boitkin, boikin (“bodkin”).", + "sentence": "A bodkin, a large blunt needle, was thrust through the tongue for the second offence.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bodkin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017, Barry R. Harker, It’s Sunday in America, →ISBN:" + }, + "boffin": { + "definition": "An engineer or scientist, especially one engaged in technological or military research.", + "origin": "Origin unknown; a number of possible etymologies have been suggested, but no conclusive evidence exists.\nOne strong theory conjectures a connection from the \"Mr. Boffins\" of English novels, such as in Dickens' Our Mutual Friend.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boffin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bona fide": { + "definition": "In good faith; sincere; without deception or ulterior motive.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin bonā fidē (“in good faith”).", + "sentence": "Although he failed, the prime minister made a bona fide attempt to repair the nation's damaged economy.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bona%20fide", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bonobo": { + "definition": "A great ape, Pan paniscus, from Africa south of the Congo river.", + "origin": "From Bolobo, a village on the Congo River where Europeans first made contact with the species. Bolobo is possibly imitative of the bubbling of the rapids at that section of the Congo.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bonobo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bonsai": { + "definition": "A tree or plant that has been miniaturized by planting it in a small pot, restricting its roots, and by careful pruning.", + "origin": "From Japanese 盆栽 (bonsai), from Middle Chinese 盆 (MC bwon, “bowl”) + 栽 (MC tsoj|dzojH, “to plant”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bonsai", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "boomslang": { + "definition": "A highly venomous snake found in sub-Saharan Africa, Dispholidus typus.", + "origin": "From Afrikaans boomslang, from Dutch boomslang, composed of boom (“tree”) + slang (“snake”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boomslang", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "boondoggle": { + "definition": "A waste of time or money; a pointless activity.", + "origin": "Coined by American scout leader Robert H. Link in 1929; alternatively “boon doggle”. Compare woggle of similar sense, which is attested in the same period. In the sense of a “wasteful government program”, popularized in 1935 by The New York Times, in reference to New Deal programs which were claimed to feature people making such braids.", + "sentence": "Opponents consider this another billion-dollar government boondoggle.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boondoggle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "borough": { + "definition": "A town having a municipal corporation and certain traditional rights.", + "origin": "From Middle English borwe, borgh, burgh, buruh, from Old English burh, burg, from Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold, city”).\nCognate with Dutch burcht, German Burg, Danish borg, Swedish borg, French bourg, Turkish burç. Doublet of Brough, burgh, and Bury.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/borough", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bango": { + "definition": "An East African reed used as roofing material.", + "origin": "Borrowed from a local East African name for the plant; the dictionary does not identify the language.", + "sentence": "The builders thatched the roof with bango reeds.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "BeeBright, based on Merriam-Webster", + "source_url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bango", + "license": "", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + }, + "bariatrics": { + "definition": "The branch of medicine dealing with obesity and weight problems.", + "origin": "From bary- (“weight”) + -iatrics, coined by physician Raymond E. Dietz in 1961.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bariatrics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "baronetcy": { + "definition": "The rank of a baronet.", + "origin": "From baronet + -cy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baronetcy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "basilica": { + "definition": "A Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βᾰσῐλῐκή (băsĭlĭkḗ), from βᾰσῐλῐκὴ στοά (băsĭlĭkḕ stoá, “royal hall”), ultimately from βασιλικός (basilikós, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king, chief”). Doublet of basoche.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/basilica", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bastion": { + "definition": "A projecting part of a rampart or other fortification.", + "origin": "First attested in 1562. From French bastion, from Old French bastille (“fortress”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bastion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Bavarian cream": { + "definition": "bavarois (creamy dessert)", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bavarian%20cream", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "beatific": { + "definition": "Blessed, blissful, heavenly.", + "origin": "From Latin beātificus (“making happy or blessed”), from beātus (“blessed”) + -ficus (“making”).", + "sentence": "The crowd is rapturous and Swift beatific as she gazes out at us, all high on the same drug.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beatific", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 December 6, Sam Lansky, “Person of Year 2023 : Taylor Swift”, in Time, archived from the original on 06 Dec 2023:" + }, + "beguile": { + "definition": "To cause (time) to seem to pass quickly, by way of pleasant diversion.", + "origin": "From Middle English begilen, begylen; equivalent to be- + guile. Compare Middle Dutch begilen (“to beguile”). Doublet of bewile.", + "sentence": "They beguile the tedium of this enforced leisure by weaving baskets and playing on certain sacred flutes.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beguile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 11, page 241:" + }, + "Belgravia": { + "definition": "An area in the City of Westminster, central London, noted for being one of the wealthiest districts in the world (OS grid ref TQ2879).", + "origin": "After Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster, whose title was Viscount Belgrave when the area was developed in the 1820s, thus from Belgrave + -ia. The village of Belgrave, Cheshire is close to the Grosvenor family's main country seat.", + "sentence": "Giles's, visited constantly by a young lady from Belgravia?", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Belgravia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1858, William Makepeace Thackeray, A History of Pendennis: His fortunes and misfortunes, his friends and his greatest enemy, Volume 1, Preface:" + }, + "Bellatrix": { + "definition": "A blue eruptive variable star, the third brightest star in the constellation Orion; Gamma (γ) Orionis.", + "origin": "From Latin bellātrīx (“warrior woman”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bellatrix", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bellwether": { + "definition": "Anything that indicates future trends.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.\nProto-Germanic *bellǭ\nProto-West Germanic *bellā\nOld English belle\nMiddle English belle\nProto-Indo-European *wet-\nProto-Indo-European *wétrusder.\nProto-Germanic *weþruz\nProto-West Germanic *weþru\nOld English weþer\nMiddle English wether\nMiddle English belwether\nEnglish bellwether\nFrom Middle English belwether, belleweder, equivalent to bell + wether (“castrated ram”).", + "sentence": "Mortgage delinquencies often act as a bellwether for a forthcoming recession.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bellwether", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "beneficent": { + "definition": "Given to acts that are kind, charitable, philanthropic or beneficial.", + "origin": "From Latin *beneficens, *beneficent-, from bene (“well, good”) + -ficens, combining form from faciens, present participle of facere (“to make or do”). Compare English beneficence.", + "sentence": "The monk was remembered as a beneficent figure in the village.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beneficent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "benison": { + "definition": "A blessing; benediction.", + "origin": "From Middle English benysoun, beneson, borrowed from Old French beneïson, from Latin benedictiō, benedictiōnem. First known use: 14th century. Doublet of benediction.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/benison", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bereavement": { + "definition": "The state of being bereaved; deprivation; especially the loss of a relative by death.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish bereave\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom\nProto-Italic *-mentom\nLatin -mentum\nOld French -mentbor.\nMiddle English -ment\nEnglish -ment\nEnglish bereavement\nFrom bereave + -ment.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bereavement", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "beret": { + "definition": "A type of round, brimless cap with a soft top and a headband to secure it to the head; usually culturally associated with France.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French béret, from Occitan (Gascon) berret (“cap”), from Old Occitan berret, from Medieval Latin birretum, from Late Latin birrus (“large hooded cloak”), from Gaulish birrus (“short cloak”), from Proto-Celtic *birros (“short”) (compare Welsh byr, Middle Irish berr). Compare biretta.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beret", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "beseech": { + "definition": "To beg or implore something of (a person).", + "origin": "From Middle English besechen, bisechen, prefixed form of Old English sēċan (“to seek or inquire about”); compare the doublet beseek, from the same dialect that gave seek. Cognate with Saterland Frisian besäike (“to visit”), Dutch bezoeken (“to visit, attend, see”), German besuchen (“to visit, attend, see”), Swedish besöka (“to visit, go to see”). By surface analysis, be- + seech.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beseech", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "besmirch": { + "definition": "To tarnish something, especially someone's reputation.", + "origin": "From Middle English besmorchen (attested in besmorchid). Compare Middle English bismotered (“bespattered, soiled”). By surface analysis, be- + smirch.", + "sentence": "The newspaper was on a campaign to besmirch the actor.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/besmirch", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bethesda": { + "definition": "Any location whose waters are supposed to have curative properties.", + "origin": "From Aramaic בֵּית חַסְדָּא (bēṯ ḥasdā, “House of Grace”).", + "sentence": "Time was when this Bethesda too was curative, a sweet oasis in a parched and driven city.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bethesda", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1978, Garry Wills, Values Americans live by:" + }, + "bicameral": { + "definition": "Being or having a system with two, often unequal, chambers or compartments; of, signifying, relating to, or being the product of such a two-chambered system.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Italic *dwi-\nLatin bi-bor.\nEnglish bi-\nProto-Indo-European *kh₂em-der.\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kmáratider.\nProto-Iranian *kamarāder.\nAncient Greek καμάρα (kamára)bor.\nLatin camera\nEnglish -al\nEnglish bicameral\nFrom bi- + Latin camera (“chamber”) + English -al.", + "sentence": "By preventing legislative usurpation in the beginning, the bicameral legislature avoids executive usurpation in the end.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bicameral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1891, John William Burgess, Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law, volume 2, page 108:" + }, + "bifurcate": { + "definition": "To divide or fork into two channels or branches.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin bifurcātus. Surface Analysis bi- + furcate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bifurcate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bilaterian": { + "definition": "Any animal that has bilateral symmetry, collectively grouped in the clade Bilateria.", + "origin": "Compare bilateral.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bilaterian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bilbo": { + "definition": "A kind of sword with well-tempered and flexible blade, originally produced in Bilbao.", + "origin": "From Bilbao, a city in Spain.", + "sentence": "A boy bursts in to the tent, double-edged bilbo in hand.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bilbo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin 2006, page 14:" + }, + "billabong": { + "definition": "An anabranch, backwater or oxbow lake that is temporarily cut off from the main river, especially one that is only filled with water during the rainy season and can sometimes dry up completely.", + "origin": "From Wiradjuri bilabang, likely a compound from Wiradjuri bila (“river”) and Wiradjuri bong or Wiradjuri bung (“dead”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/billabong", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "billiards": { + "definition": "A two-player cue sport played with two cue balls and one red ball, on a snooker sized table.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.\nProto-Germanic *bikjaną\nProto-West Germanic *bikkjan\nProto-Indo-European *-lósder.\nProto-Germanic *-ilaz\nProto-West Germanic *-il\nFrankish *bikkilbor.\nOld French bille\nMiddle French bille\nFrench bille\nProto-Indo-European *kret-der.?\nProto-Germanic *harduz\nFrankish *-hardbor.\nOld French -art\nMiddle French [Term?]\nFrench -ard\nFrench billardbor.\nEnglish billiards\nFrom French billard, originally referring to the wooden cue stick, diminutive of Old French bille (“log, tree trunk”), from Vulgar Latin *bilia, probably of Gaulish origin (compare Old Irish bile (“large tree, tree trunk”)), from Proto-Celtic *belyos (“tree”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰolh₃yos (“leaf”), from *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).", + "sentence": "He was playing billiards in the casino.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/billiards", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "billingsgate": { + "definition": "Profane, abusive language; coarse words.", + "origin": "From the London, England fishmarket Billingsgate: \"Billingsgate is the market where the fishwomen assemble to purchase fish; and where, in their dealings and disputes they are somewhat apt to leave decency and good manners a little on the left hand.\" (Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1811).", + "sentence": "You wouldn't have believed the billingsgate which poured forth from that boy's mouth.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/billingsgate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "biltong": { + "definition": "A South African food categorized by strips of lean meat cured by salting and drying, similar to American jerky.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Afrikaans biltong, from bil (“buttock, hindquarter”) + tong (“tongue, strip”).", + "sentence": "Botha] after being given so memorable a dish as biltong souffle for breakfast yesterday, backed up by straight biltong and maroela jelly.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biltong", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1981, “The Star: Gastro-diplomacy”, in South African Digest: Fortnightly Digest of South African Affairs, Pretoria: Department of Information, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 20, column 3:" + }, + "binomial": { + "definition": "A scientific name at the rank of species, with two terms: a generic name and a specific name.", + "origin": "Formed from Late Latin binōmium + -al. The derivation of binōmium is unclear. It was used by Gerard of Cremona in the 12th century. Suggested sources are the Latin nōmen (“name”), the Ancient Greek νομός (nomós, “distribution, pasture”), or the Old French nom (“name”).\nGérard de Crémone used the word in his translation of an Arabic commentary on Euclid, corresponding to the Greek \"ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων\". Compare binomy and binominal, as well as the French binôme. By surface analysis, bi- + -nomial.", + "sentence": "Common name followed by Latin binomial in parentheses.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/binomial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1991, Daniel W. Gade, “Weeds in Vermont as Tokens of Socioeconomic Change”, in Geographical Review, volume 81, number 2, →JSTOR, page 169:" + }, + "bouffant": { + "definition": "Of hair or clothing, full-bodied or puffy; puffed out away from head or body.", + "origin": "From French bouffant, from Middle French; present participle of bouffer (“to puff”). Doublet of buffont.", + "sentence": "Her bouffant suit made her seem much heavier than her petite figure actually was.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bouffant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bowsprit": { + "definition": "A spar projecting over the prow of a sailing vessel to provide the means of adding sail surface.", + "origin": "First attested in late 13th century. Probably borrowed from Middle Low German bochspret, from boch (“bow of a ship”) + spret (“pole”) (related to Old English spreot and English sprout).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bowsprit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "braille": { + "definition": "A system of writing in which letters and some combinations of letters are represented by raised dots arranged in three or four rows of two dots each and are read by the blind and partially sighted using the fingertips.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French braille, named after French educator Louis Braille (1809–1852). The /eɪl/ seems to reflect a spelling pronunciation; French has /aj/ instead.", + "sentence": "Another difficulty which causes literature in braille to remain scarce is the cumbersomeness of the process of producing braille books.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/braille", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1963, S. C. Ashcroft, Freda Henderson, Programmed Instruction in Braille, Stanwix House, →ISBN, page 6:" + }, + "Brandywine": { + "definition": "A township in Hancock County, Indiana.", + "origin": "Not known with certainty; so named since the 17th century; several long-held hypotheses exist, including a story of casks of brandywine that were spilled in the river's mouth in the colonial era, a fancied resemblance of the turbid water's color to that of brandywine, and an early Euro-American settler whose surname was similar to brandewijn or brandywine.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Brandywine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bravado": { + "definition": "A swaggering show of defiance or courage.", + "origin": "From French bravade (“bragging or boasting”), from Italian bravata, from verb bravare (“brag, boast”), from bravo. Compare bravura.", + "sentence": "The angry customer stood in the middle of the showroom and voiced his complaints with loud bravado.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bravado", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "breviloquence": { + "definition": "A pertinent and terse style of speech; a style of speech exhibiting brevity.", + "origin": "Latin breviloquentia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/breviloquence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bric-a-brac": { + "definition": "Small ornaments and other miscellaneous display items of little value.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French bric-à-brac (“miscellaneous items of little value”), apparently from à bricq et à bracq (“at random; haphazardly”); bricq and bracq are expressive onomatopoeias of obscure origin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bric-a-brac", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Brigadoon": { + "definition": "A place that seems magically transient.", + "origin": "After the village in the 1947 musical of the same name, written by Alan Jay Lerner. That village appears for only one day every hundred years. The name of the village is taken from the Brig o' Doon mediaeval bridge, in Ayrshire, Scotland.", + "sentence": "A mile walk took us into Mountshannon, a sort of Brigadoon, so quiet in the warm sun we thought it deserted.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Brigadoon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1988 July 14, Cruise Travel, volume 10, number 1, page 46:" + }, + "Broccolini": { + "definition": "A green vegetable similar to broccoli but with smaller florets and long thin stalks; a cross between broccoli and kai-lan (Chinese broccoli).", + "origin": "From a trademark, presumably intended as a diminutive of broccoli.", + "sentence": "J. is gone after he served what Tom Colicchio called the worst dish in the three seasons of the show, an admittedly gross-looking broccolini.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/broccolini", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 September 19, Stephanie Russell, “What’s on Tonight”, in New York Times:" + }, + "brockage": { + "definition": "A type of error coin in which one side of the coin has the normal design and the other side has a mirror image of the same design impressed upon it due to being struck by a die cap.", + "origin": "Blend of brok-en + -age", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brockage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "brogue": { + "definition": "A strong dialectal accent, usually Irish or Scottish.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Irish bróg (“boot, shoe”), from Old Irish bróc (“shoe, greave, legging, hose, breeches”), likely from Old Norse brók (“breeches”), from Proto-Germanic *brōks (“breeches”). The \"accent\" sense may instead be derived from Irish barróg (“a hold (on the tongue)”).", + "sentence": "I had no doubt he knew where I was from, for I had the brogue, although not much of it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brogue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1978, Louis L'Amour, Fair Blows the Wind, Bantam Books, page 62:" + }, + "bromide": { + "definition": "A dull person with conventional thoughts.", + "origin": "From brom- + -ide. First used in the sense “dull person” by American artist, art critic, poet, author and humorist Gelett Burgess.\nFigurative sense (\"platitude\") by extending the medicating sense through the metaphor of pacifying or placating.", + "sentence": "My adviser at college was a bromide who had not had an original thought in years.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bromide", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "brontophobia": { + "definition": "The fear of thunder and lightning.", + "origin": "From bronto- + -phobia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brontophobia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bruja": { + "definition": "A female practitioner of brujería.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bruja", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bruxism": { + "definition": "The habit or practice of grinding the teeth, as while sleeping, or due to stress or certain drugs.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek βρυχή (brukhḗ, “grinding of teeth”) + English -ism (suffix forming nouns indicating a tendency of action, behaviour, condition, or state). The word βρυχή is derived from Ancient Greek βρύκω (brúkō, “bite, chew; devour, gobble; grind one's teeth, gnash”). Note that the stem brux- is an irregular transliteration from Ancient Greek (the form brychism would be expected).", + "sentence": "Bruxism is defined as occlusal stress during sleep.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bruxism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "[1932, Bertrand S. Frohman, Jerome M. Schweitzer, “Occlusal Neuroses: The Application of Psychotherapy to Dental Problems”, in The Psychoanalytic Review, volume 19, number 3, New York, N.Y.: William A[lanson] White, M.D., and Smith Ely Jelliffe, M.D., →OCLC, page 297; quoted in “Occlusal Habit Neuroses. Gritting, or Grinding of the Teeth (Bruxism, Bruxomania).”, in Oral Rehabilitation: Complete Occlusal Reconstruction Treatment of Dental Deformities and Related Subjects: The Closed Bite, St. Louis, Mo.: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1951, →OCLC, page 612:" + }, + "bubonic": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to buboes.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin būbō\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish bubonic\nFrom Latin būbō (stem būbōn-) + English -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bubonic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bucatini": { + "definition": "A thicker form of spaghetti with a hole running through it.", + "origin": "From Italian bucatini, diminutive of buco (“hole”).", + "sentence": "You could make this with spaghetti or linguine or other types of long skinny pasta, but bucatini are what's used in Rome.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bucatini", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012, Nancy Harmon Jenkins, The New Mediterranean Diet Cookbook, Random House Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 197:" + }, + "buffa": { + "definition": "The comic actress in an opera.", + "origin": "From Italian buffa. See buffo and buffoon.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buffa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bulgogi": { + "definition": "A Korean dish of shredded (usually marinated) beef with vegetables.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Korean 불고기 (bulgogi, from 불 (bul, “fire”) + 고기 (gogi, “meat”)).", + "sentence": "Later that day, when you sat down to a meal of bulgogi, you spat out the second mouthful and picked out something glittering.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bulgogi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015, Han Kang, translated by Deborah Smith, The Vegetarian, Granta, published 2018, page 19:" + }, + "bulgur": { + "definition": "Wheat grains that have been steamed, dried, and crushed; a staple of Middle Eastern cooking.", + "origin": "From Ottoman Turkish بلغور (bulğur) (modern Turkish bulgur), by metathesis from older بورغول (burğul), from Arabic بُرْغُل (burḡul), from Persian برغول (barġul), پرغول (parġul).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bulgur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bulwark": { + "definition": "Any means of defence or security.", + "origin": "From Middle English bulwerk, from Middle Dutch bolwerk, bolwerc and Middle Low German bolwerk, equivalent to bole (“tree trunk”) + work. Cognate with German Bollwerk, Danish bolværk, Swedish bålverk, Dutch bolwerk. Doublet of boulevard (from French boulevard, from Dutch); cognate with Portuguese and Spanish baluarte and Italian baluardo.", + "sentence": "The party stalwarts constitute the bulwark that ensures the president's term of office.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bulwark", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "bumptious": { + "definition": "Obtrusively pushy; self-important; self-assertive to a pretentious extreme.", + "origin": "Probably from bump, on the pattern of words like fractious or presumptious.", + "sentence": "It was full of prying old women, she said, who stared in one's face, and of bumptious young men who trod on one's toes.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bumptious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1928, Virginia Woolf, Orlando: A Biography, London: The Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished as Orlando: A Biography (eBook no. 0200331h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, July 2015:" + }, + "Bundt": { + "definition": "A baking pan with a hollow, circular, raised area in the middle.", + "origin": "From German Bundkuchen, from Bund (“tied together”) + Kuchen (“cake”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bundt", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "buoyancy": { + "definition": "The upward force on a body immersed or partly immersed in a fluid.", + "origin": "From buoyant + -cy or buoy + -ancy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buoyancy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bureau": { + "definition": "An administrative unit of government; office.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥\nProto-Hellenic *pāwər\nAncient Greek πῦρ (pûr)\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Hellenic *-rós\nAncient Greek -ρός (-rós)\nAncient Greek πῠρρός (pŭrrhós)bor.\nLatin burrus\nLatin burra\nOld French *bure\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -lus\nLatin -ellus\nOld French -el\nOld French burel\nFrench bureauubor.\nEnglish bureau\nUnadapted borrowing from French bureau, earlier \"coarse cloth (as desk cover), baize\", from Old French burel (“woolen cloth”), diminutive of *bure (compare Middle French bure (“coarse woolen cloth”), French bourre (“hair, fluff”)), from Late Latin burra (“wool, fluff, shaggy cloth, coarse fabric”); akin to Ancient Greek βερβέριον (berbérion, “shabby garment”). Doublet of burel and borrel, taken from Old French.", + "sentence": "Ashley Johnson is an energy, trade and economics expert at the National Bureau of Asian Research, based in the United States.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bureau", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018, VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns:" + }, + "burglarious": { + "definition": "Being or resembling a burglar", + "origin": "From burglar + -ious.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burglarious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "burgoo": { + "definition": "A dish which originated among seafarers during the days of sail: a sort of porridge seasoned with sugar, salt and butter.", + "origin": "Of unclear origin. Apparently from the dialectal term burgood (“yeast”).\n* Perhaps ultimately from Welsh burym (“yeast”) + cawl (“cabbage, gruel”),\n* Or perhaps from Arabic بُرْغُل (burḡul).\n* Or, from an alteration of ragout.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burgoo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "busby": { + "definition": "A fur hat, usually with a plume in the front, worn by certain members of the military or brass bands.", + "origin": "Various theories; probably from the surname Busby.", + "sentence": "His head was shaped like a busby, a high solid arrogant rock, covered with thick moss.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/busby", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 54:" + }, + "cabaret": { + "definition": "Live entertainment held in a restaurant or nightclub; the genre of music associated with this form of entertainment, especially in early 20th century Europe.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kh₂em-der.\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kmáratider.\nProto-Iranian *kamarāder.\nAncient Greek καμάρα (kamára)bor.\nLatin camerader.\nOld Northern French cambereteder.\nOld French cambre\nPicard Old French camberetder.\nMiddle Dutch cambretder.\nMiddle French cabaret\nFrench cabaretbor.\nEnglish cabaret\nBorrowed from French cabaret.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cabaret", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cadge": { + "definition": "To carry, as a burden.", + "origin": "Likely a corruption of cage.", + "sentence": "Another Atlas that will cadge a whole world of iniuries without fainting.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cadge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1607, Thomas Walkington, The Optick Glasse of Humors:" + }, + "caducity": { + "definition": "Dotage or senility.", + "origin": "From French caducité; see caducous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caducity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "caffeine": { + "definition": "An alkaloid, C₈H₁₀N₄O₂, found naturally in tea and coffee plants, which acts as a mild stimulant on the central nervous system.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French caféine, from café (“coffee”), or German Caffein, Kaffein (cp. Coffein, Koffein), from Kaffee (“coffee”) (cp. Kaffe, Koffee, Koffe), or Italian caffè (“coffee”) + -ine.", + "sentence": "For example, 0.100 grams of caffeine yield by combustion, by weight, 0.180 grammes of carbonic acid.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caffeine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1839, Justus von Liebig, translated by William Gregory, Instructions for Organic Analysis, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom: Richard Griffin & Company, page 35:" + }, + "calcify": { + "definition": "To make or become hard and stony by impregnating with calcium salts.", + "origin": "From French calcifier, or from English calcium + -ify.", + "sentence": "Over time, the arteries began to calcify.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calcify", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "callow": { + "definition": "Having no hair; bald, bare, hairless.", + "origin": "From Middle English calwe (“(adjective) bald; (noun) bald person”), from Old English calu, caluw (“without hair, bald, callow”), from Proto-West Germanic *kalu, from Proto-Germanic *kalwaz (“bald; bare, naked”), and then either:\n* from Proto-Indo-European *gol(H)-wo- (“bald; bare, naked”), from *gelH- (“head; naked”); or\n* from Latin calvus (“bald”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥H- (“bald; naked”).\nIf not borrowed from Latin, Grimm’s law indicates that the Latin word is likely a false cognate, along with Persian کل (kal) and Sanskrit कुल्व (kulvá).\ncognates\n* Dutch kaal (“bald”)\n* German kahl (“bald”)\n* German Low German kahl (“bald”)\n* Russian го́лый (gólyj, “bare, naked, nude”)\n* Swedish kal, kalka (“bald”)\n* West Frisian keal (“bald”)", + "sentence": "This time it held a callow-headed baby in a pink frock.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/callow", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1944, Chambers’s Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Art, London; Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers […], →OCLC, page 225, column 1:" + }, + "calumet": { + "definition": "A clay tobacco pipe used by Native Americans, especially as a symbol of truce or peace.", + "origin": "From a Norman variant of Old French chalumeau (imported to Canada with Norman colonists), from Latin calamellus, diminutive of calamus (“reed”), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calumet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cambio": { + "definition": "bureau de change; currency exchange", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish or Portuguese cambio.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cambio", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cameist": { + "definition": "An artist who makes cameos.", + "origin": "Formed from cameo and the suffix -ist, which denotes a person practicing an activity.", + "sentence": "The skilled cameist carved a tiny portrait in shell.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "BeeBright, based on Merriam-Webster", + "source_url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cameist", + "license": "", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + }, + "campanology": { + "definition": "The study of bells and their casting, tuning, and ringing.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLate Latin campāna\nAncient Greek -ο- (-o-)der.\nLatin -o-bor.\nEnglish -o-\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *lóǵos\nProto-Hellenic *lógos\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin -logialbor.\nFrench -logiebor.\nEnglish -logy\nEnglish -ology\nEnglish campanology\nFrom Late Latin campāna (“bell”) + English -ology.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/campanology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "candelabrum": { + "definition": "A candle holder with branches to hold more than one candle.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin candēlābrum (“candlestick”), from candēla. Doublet of chandelier. Displaced native Old English candeltrēow (literally “candle tree”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/candelabrum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cannoli": { + "definition": "A tube of fried pastry, typical of Sicily, filled with ricotta or similar cream cheese, and flavorings, eaten as a dessert.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian cannoli (plural of cannolo) or Sicilian cannoli (plural of cannolu); see there for more.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cannoli", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "caudex": { + "definition": "An enlargement of the stem, branch or root of a woody plant, usually serving to store water.", + "origin": "From Latin caudex (“tree trunk”, “tree stem”); compare codex.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caudex", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "causal": { + "definition": "Of, relating to, or being a cause of something; causing.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Late Latin causalis, from Latin causa (“cause”), equivalent to cause + -al, see cause.", + "sentence": "There is no causal relationship between eating carrots and seeing in the dark.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/causal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "caustic": { + "definition": "Sharp, bitter, cutting, biting, and sarcastic in a scathing way.", + "origin": "From the Latin causticus (“burning”), from Ancient Greek καυστικός (kaustikós, “burning”), from καυστός (kaustós, “burnt”) + -ικός (-ikós).", + "sentence": "\"How now!\" said Scrooge, caustic and cold as ever.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caustic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1843, Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol:" + }, + "cauterize": { + "definition": "To burn and hence seal open tissue using a heated article or caustic agent so as to stop bleeding or minimise the risk of infection.", + "origin": "From Middle French cauteriser, from Late Latin cauterizō (“to burn with a hot iron”), from Ancient Greek καυτηριάζω (kautēriázō, “to brand”), from καυτήρ (kautḗr, “branding iron”), from καίω (kaíō, “to burn”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cauterize", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cavalcade": { + "definition": "A trail ride, usually more than one day long.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Celtic *kaballosder.?\nLatin caballus\nLatin -ic-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLate Latin caballicō\nOld Italian cavalcare\nOld Italian cavalcatabor.\nOld French cavalcade\nFrench cavalcadebor.\nEnglish cavalcade\nFrom French cavalcade, from Old French cavalcade, from Old Italian cavalcata, from cavalcare (“to ride on horseback”), from Medieval Latin caballicō, from Vulgar Latin caballus (“horse”). Doublet of chevauchee.", + "sentence": "Stranleigh found no difficulty in getting a cavalcade together at Bleacher’s station, an amazingly long distance west of New York.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cavalcade", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1913, Robert Barr, chapter 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:" + }, + "cayenne": { + "definition": "Spice or verve.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cayenne", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cellophane": { + "definition": "Any of a variety of transparent plastic films, especially one made of processed cellulose.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱel-der.\nLatin cella\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ula\nLatin cellulabor.\nFrench cellule\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsuslbor.\nFrench -ose\nFrench cellulosebor.\nEnglish cellulose\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *dwísder.\nAncient Greek διά (diá)\nAncient Greek δῐᾰ- (dĭă-)\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *bʰh₂nyéti\nProto-Hellenic *pʰáňňō\nAncient Greek φαίνω (phaínō)\nAncient Greek δῐᾰφαίνω (dĭăphaínō)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ēs\nProto-Hellenic *-ēs\nAncient Greek -ης (-ēs)\nAncient Greek -ής (-ḗs)\nAncient Greek δῐᾰφᾰνής (dĭăphănḗs)bor.\nMedieval Latin diaphanus\nMiddle French diaphanebor.\nEnglish diaphane\nblend\nEnglish cellophane\nGenericized trademark. Blend of cellulose + diaphane.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cellophane", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Celsius": { + "definition": "Relating to the metric temperature scale of said name.", + "origin": "Named after Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who first proposed the centigrade scale in 1742. The surname is Latinized from the estate's name, Latin celsus (“mound”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Celsius", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cenotaph": { + "definition": "A monument, generally in the form of an empty tomb, erected to honour the dead whose bodies lie elsewhere, especially members of the armed forces who died in battle.", + "origin": "From French cénotaphe, from Ancient Greek κενός (kenós, “empty”) + τάφος (táphos, “tomb”). By surface analysis ceno- + -taph.", + "sentence": "A cenotaph was erected for him in Gaul, while his body was taken to Rome and inclosed in a magnificent tomb.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cenotaph", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "centenary": { + "definition": "Occurring every 100 years.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *déḱm̥\nProto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm\nProto-Italic *kəntom\nLatin centum\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nLatin -nus\nLatin -(ē)nus\nLatin centēnus\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -ārius\nLatin centēnāriusder.\nEnglish centenary\nFrom Latin centēnārius (“containing 100; local official overseeing a hundred”), either directly or through French centenaire from centēnī (“100 each”) + -ārius (-ary), from centum (“hundred”). Doublet of centner, kantar, and quintal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/centenary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cerebellum": { + "definition": "Part of the hindbrain in vertebrates. In humans it lies between the brainstem and the back of the cerebrum and is formed of two lateral lobes and a median lobe. It plays an important role in sensory perception, motor output, balance and posture.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin cerebellum, diminutive of cerebrum.", + "sentence": "Although the cerebellum occupies just 10 per cent of the cranial cavity, it has more than half the brain’s neurons.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cerebellum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan, page 61:" + }, + "cetology": { + "definition": "The branch of zoology concerned with the infraorder Cetacea, which includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises.", + "origin": "By surface analysis, cet(acean)- + -o- + -logy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cetology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chamberlain": { + "definition": "A senior royal official in charge of superintending the arrangement of domestic affairs and often charged with receiving and paying out money kept in the royal chamber, especially in the United Kingdom and in Denmark.", + "origin": "From Middle English chamberlein, chaumberlein, chaumberleyn, from Anglo-Norman chamberlenc, Old French chamberlayn, chamberlenc (“chamberlain”), from Frankish *kamarling (“chamberlain”), equivalent to *kamer (“chamber”) + *-ling (“-ling”). Cognate with Old High German chamarling (“chamberlain”). Compare also Late Latin camerārius and comrade. More at chamber, -ling.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chamberlain", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cantankerous": { + "definition": "Given to or marked by an ill-tempered, quarrelsome nature; ill-tempered, cranky, crabby.", + "origin": "Perhaps derived from earlier contenkerous, from contentious + rancorous.", + "sentence": "By contrast, cantankerous and churlish people are contemptuously independent of others’ opinions, not caring enough about others and their views.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cantankerous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1998, Pauline Chazan, The Moral Self, page 80:" + }, + "capillary": { + "definition": "Resembling or pertaining to hair, especially in slenderness or fineness.", + "origin": "From Latin capillāris (“pertaining to the hair”), from capillus (“the hair, properly of the head”), from caput (“head”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/capillary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "capnometer": { + "definition": "A medical instrument that measures carbon dioxide levels in the exhaled air of patients on ventilators or under anesthesia", + "origin": "From capno- + -meter.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/capnometer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "capstan": { + "definition": "A vertical cylindrical machine that revolves on a spindle, typically surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for levers for turning it; used to apply force to cables, ropes, etc.", + "origin": "Borrowed into Middle English from either Old French cabestan, from Old Occitan cabestan, from cabestre (“pulley cord”) or from Spanish cabestran, both of which derive from Latin capistrum (“halter”), from capiō (“take hold of”).", + "sentence": "We toiled over the capstan, and late in the afternoon slipped out of the harbour.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/capstan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1951, W. I. B. Crealock, Vagabonding Under Sail, Hastings House (New York), page 211:" + }, + "capsule": { + "definition": "A sporangium, especially in bryophytes.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French capsule, from Latin capsula, diminutive of capsa (“box”).", + "sentence": "The epidermal cells of the capsule wall of Jubulopsis, with nodose \"trigones\" at the angles, are very reminiscent of what one finds in Frullania spp.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/capsule", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, pages 4-5:" + }, + "carcinogenic": { + "definition": "Causing or tending to cause cancer.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish carcino-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os\nProto-Hellenic *génos\nAncient Greek γένος (génos)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ēs\nProto-Hellenic *-ēs\nAncient Greek -ης (-ēs)\nAncient Greek -γενής (-genḗs)lbor.\nFrench -gènebor.\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish -genic\nEnglish carcinogenic\nFrom carcino- + -genic.", + "sentence": "Not only do these taste bad, but they are also carcinogenic.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carcinogenic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009, Peter Osbaldeston, The Palm Springs Diner's Bible: A Restaurant Guide for Palm Springs, Cathedral City, Rancho Mirage, Palm Desert, Indian Wells, la Quinta, Bermuda Dunes, Indio, and Desert Hot Springs, Gretna, La.: Pelican Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 250:" + }, + "cardoon": { + "definition": "Any member of the species Cynara cardunculus of prickly perennial plants which has leaf stalks eaten as a vegetable, related to the artichoke.", + "origin": "From Middle English cardoun, from Old French cardon, from Late Latin cardōnem, from Latin cardus, alternative form of carduus (“thistle”). Respelled on analogy of -oon nouns. Doublet of cardon and chard.", + "sentence": "In the sixteenth century, Ruellius speaks of the cardoon as a food that was appreciated as asparagus is today.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cardoon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2001, Clifford A. Wright, Mediterranean Vegetables: A Cook's ABC of Vegetables and Their Preparation:" + }, + "caricature": { + "definition": "A pictorial representation of someone in which distinguishing features are exaggerated for comic effect.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French caricature, from Italian caricatùra, ultimately from Latin carrus, and so not related to character, which is instead ultimately from Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “type, nature, character”).", + "sentence": "Lo Ching-chong (羅慶忠), better known as L.C.C., showed off a caricature of Lu he did in 2001.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caricature", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006 March 7, Shu-ling Ko, “Cartoonists decry the lack of interest in their talents”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 30 Dec 2006, Taiwan News, page 3:" + }, + "carnage": { + "definition": "Death and destruction.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French carnage, from a Norman or Picard variant Old Northern French) of Old French charnage, from char (“flesh”), or from Vulgar Latin *carnaticum (“slaughter of animals”), itself from Latin carnem, accusative of caro (“flesh”). By surface analysis, Latin carn- + -age.", + "sentence": "There was carnage after the school play ended with 96 deaths.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carnage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "carnitas": { + "definition": "A Mexican dish of strips or chunks of pork (or sometimes other meat) which are braised or roasted, especially in their own fat.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish carnitas, diminutive of carne (“meat”).", + "sentence": "Carnitas is easy to make, even if you don't have a whole pig to cook.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carnitas", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, Deborah M. Schneider, ¡Baja! Cooking on the Edge, page 18" + }, + "carnitine": { + "definition": "A betaine, 3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammonio-butanoate, that is found in the liver and has a function in fatty acid transport.", + "origin": "From German Carnitin, coined from Latin carn- + Latin -i- + -t- (“arbitrary insertion”) + -in, for it was first described in meat extracts in 1905. By surface analysis, Latin carnit- + -ine.", + "sentence": "Although often called an amino acid because of its chemical makeup, L-carnitine is actually a vitaminlike nutrient, related in structure to the B vitamins.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carnitine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, Shari Lieberman, Nancy Pauling Bruning, The Real Vitamin and Mineral Book, 4th edition, unnumbered page:" + }, + "cartilage": { + "definition": "A usually translucent and somewhat elastic, dense, nonvascular connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos, being replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French cartilage, from Latin cartilāgō. Partially displaced native gristle, from Old English gristel.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cartilage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Cassandra": { + "definition": "A prophetess who was daughter of King Priam of Troy and his queen Hecuba. She captured the eye of Apollo and was granted the ability to see the future; however, she was destined never to be believed.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek Κασσάνδρα (Kassándra).", + "sentence": "And so when Cassandra foretold the evils that were to come upon Troy, even her own people would not credit her words.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cassandra", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1897, Michael Clarke, The Story of Troy, page 30:" + }, + "cassock": { + "definition": "An item of clerical clothing: a long, sheath-like, close-fitting, ankle-length robe worn by clergy members of some Christian denominations.", + "origin": "From Middle French casaque (“cloak”).", + "sentence": "When leading worship, Elsie usually wore a long black cassock and preaching bands.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cassock", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014, Alan Argent, Elsie Chamberlain: The Independent Life of a Woman Minister, Routledge, →ISBN, page 203:" + }, + "castellated": { + "definition": "Castle-like: built or shaped like a castle; usually, specifically, having castellations (crenellations).", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin castellātus (“fortified, castellate”) + -ed (forming past participles). Equivalent to the past participle of castellate but attested earlier than other uses of the verb.", + "sentence": "Three castellated (with battlements) towers stand sentry here, with one being particularly large.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/castellated", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020 August 26, Tim Dunn, “Great railway bores of our time!”, in Rail, page 46:" + }, + "castigate": { + "definition": "To punish or reprimand someone severely.", + "origin": "First attested in the beginning of the 17ᵗʰ century; borrowed from Latin castīgātus, perfect passive participle of castīgō (“to reprove”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from castus (“pure, chaste”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut”). Doublet of chastise and chasten, taken through Old French. See also chaste.", + "sentence": "Perhaps disarmed by his own scandalous behaviour with Bathsheba, he was in no position to castigate his son for a similar fault.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/castigate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999, Robert P. Gordon, I & II Samuel: A Commentary, Zondervan, page 264:" + }, + "Castilian": { + "definition": "A native of Castile.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱes-\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *ḱstrom\nProto-Italic *kastrom\nLatin castrum\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -lum\nLatin castellum\nOld Spanish castiello\nOld Spanish -a\nOld Spanish Castiella\nSpanish Castillabor.\nMiddle French Castilleder.?\nEnglish Castile\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānusbor.\nEnglish -ian\n▲\nSpanish castellanocalq.\nEnglish Castilian\nFrom Castile + -ian. Calque of Spanish castellano (“of or related to Castile, Spain, or the Spanish language”). Doublet of castellano, castellanus, castellan, and chatelain.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Castilian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "castor": { + "definition": "A hat made from the fur of the beaver.", + "origin": "From Middle French castor, from Old French castor (“beaver”), from Latin castor (“beaver”), from Ancient Greek κάστωρ (kástōr), from Doric Greek κάστον (káston, “wood”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/castor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cataclysmic": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to a cataclysm; causing great destruction or upheaval; catastrophic.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish cataclysm\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish cataclysmic\nFrom cataclysm + -ic.", + "sentence": "It is believed that a cataclysmic impact caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cataclysmic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "catalepsy": { + "definition": "A severe bodily condition, described in psychiatric pathology, marked by sudden rigidity, fixation of posture, and loss of contact with environmental conditions.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek κατάληψις (katálēpsis, “act of seizing”), from καταλαμβάνω (katalambánō, “to seize”), from κατά (katá, “against”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “to take”). By surface analysis, cata- + -lepsy.", + "sentence": "His tales of catalepsy and live burial poisoned my childhood, and still killed me.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/catalepsy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 190:" + }, + "catalina": { + "definition": "A twin-engined amphibious aircraft used during the Second World War.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Catalina", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "catalyst": { + "definition": "Something that encourages progress or change.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish catalysis\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nEnglish catalyst\nFrom catalysis + -ist.", + "sentence": "Economic development and integration are working as a catalyst for peace.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/catalyst", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "cathect": { + "definition": "To focus one's emotional energies on someone or something.", + "origin": "Back-formation from cathexis and cathectic. A loan creation coined by British psychoanalyst James Strachey translating Freud’s German besetzen.", + "sentence": "Apparently it is possible for an individual to cathect any person, object, idea, or image.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cathect", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, Carroll E. Izard, Human Emotions, page 193:" + }, + "cathode": { + "definition": "An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows outwards (and thus, electrons flow inwards). It can have either a negative or a positive voltage with respect to anode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek κατα- (kata-, “down”) and ὁδός (hodós, “journey, way”), equivalent to Ancient Greek κάθοδος (káthodos, “way down, descent”). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who introduced it later that year. By surface analysis, cath- (alternative form of cata-) + -ode.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cathode", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chancellor": { + "definition": "The head of the government in some German-speaking countries.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-redup.\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *kr̥kros\nProto-Italic *karkros\nProto-Italic *kankros\nLatin cancer\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -lus\nLatin cancellus\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nLatin cancellārius\nOld French cancelier\nAnglo-Norman chauncelerbor.\nMiddle English chaunceler\nEnglish chancellor\nFrom Anglo-Norman or Middle English chaunceler, chanceler, canceler (“chief administrative or executive officer of a ruler; chancellor, secretary; private secretary, scribe; Lord Chancellor of England; officer of the ruler's exchequer; a high administrative or executive officer (for example, a deputy or representative of a bishop; the head of a university)”), from Old French cancelier, chancelier (“chancellor”), from Late Latin cancellārius (“secretary; doorkeeper, porter; usher of a court of law stationed at the bars separating the public from the judges”), from Latin cancellī (plural of cancellus (“grate; bars, barrier; railings”), diminutive of cancer (“grid; barrier”), from Proto-Italic *karkros (“enclosure”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, turn”)) + -ārius (suffix forming nouns denoting an agent of use). Equivalent to chancel + -or. Piecewise doublet of canceler.\nThe word was present as Late Old English canceler, cancheler, from Norman cancheler, but was displaced in the 13th century by the Old French and Anglo-Norman forms mentioned above.", + "sentence": "He was a moderate who wanted German unity and became Chancellor of Bavaria after the Prussian defeat of Austria.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chancellor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, Owen Chadwick, A History of the Popes, 1830-1914, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN, page 194:" + }, + "circumflex": { + "definition": "A diacritical mark (ˆ) placed over a vowel in the orthography or transliteration of many languages to change its pronunciation; while in some other languages over a consonant.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin circumflexus (“bent about”), calqued from Ancient Greek περισπώμενος (perispṓmenos, “drawn around”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circumflex", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "civet": { + "definition": "The musky perfume produced by the animal; civetone.", + "origin": "From French civette, from Italian zibetto, from Medieval Latin zibethum, from Arabic زَبَاد (zabād).", + "sentence": "Nay, a' rubs himself with civet: can you smell him out by that?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/civet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:" + }, + "cladistics": { + "definition": "An approach to biological systematics in which organisms are grouped based upon synapomorphies (shared derived characteristics) only, and not upon symplesiomorphies (shared ancestral characteristics); a method of classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships instead of superficial characteristics.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish clade\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish -istic\nEnglish cladistics\nFrom clade + -istic, from Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cladistics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "clairvoyance": { + "definition": "The power to see or perceive things, objects or events beyond the natural range of the senses, such as the past or the future.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French clairvoyance.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clairvoyance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "clandestine": { + "definition": "Done or kept in secret, sometimes to conceal an illicit or improper purpose.", + "origin": "From Latin clandestīnus (“secret, concealed”); compare French clandestin.", + "sentence": "Whether the torments of absence were softened by a clandestine correspondence, let us not inquire.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clandestine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1818, Jane Austen, chapter 31, in Northanger Abbey:" + }, + "clavichord": { + "definition": "An early keyboard instrument producing a soft sound by means of metal blades (called tangents) attached to the inner ends of the keys gently striking the strings.", + "origin": "From German Klavichord, from Renaissance Latin clavichordium, from clāvis (“key”) + chorda (“cord, string”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clavichord", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "clemency": { + "definition": "The gentle or kind exercise of power; leniency, mercy; compassion in judging or punishing.", + "origin": "From Middle English clemency, clemencie, from Latin clēmentia.\nGradually eclipsed Middle English clemence, from Old French clemence, from the same Latin origin.", + "sentence": "Presidential clemency is politically improbable.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clemency", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010 May 4, Priyamvada Gopal, “Executing Mumbai gunman is not the answer”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 Mar 2023:" + }, + "cloture": { + "definition": "To end legislative debate by this means.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French clôture (“closure”). Doublet of closure and clausure.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cloture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "coalescence": { + "definition": "The act of coalescing.", + "origin": "From Middle French coalescence and its etymon Latin coalēscentia. Doublet of coalescency. By surface analysis, coalesce + -ence.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coalescence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "coercive": { + "definition": "Displaying a tendency or intent to coerce.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish coerce\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nOld French -ifbor.\nMiddle English -yf\nEnglish -ive\nEnglish coercive\nFrom coerce + -ive.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coercive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "coeval": { + "definition": "Of the same age or era; contemporary.", + "origin": "From Late Latin coaevus, from Latin con- (“equal”) + aevum (“age”).", + "sentence": "Anything coeval with that clock will fetch a hefty price!", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coeval", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "cogently": { + "definition": "In a cogent manner.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish cogent\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish cogently\nFrom cogent + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cogently", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cogitation": { + "definition": "The process of cogitating; contemplation, deliberation, reflection, meditation.", + "origin": "Latinism, likely a learned borrowing from Medieval Latin cogitatio, cogitationis, possibly influenced by or displacing an earlier doublet of cogitacion inherited from Middle English cogitacioun, from an Old French cogitaciun, from Vulgar Latin cōgitātiō, cōgitātiōnem; compare Middle French cogitatiun, French cogitation. All ultimately from verbal construction cōgitātus + -iō, from the perfect passive participle of Latin cōgitō (“to turn over in the mind; think, consider, ponder, meditate”), frequentative verb from con- (“together, with”) + agitō (“to put in constant motion, drive at something; devise, plot, contrive”), root from Proto-Italic *agō (“to drive, impel”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cogitation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chaperonage": { + "definition": "The state of being a chaperon.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish chaperon\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nLatin -āticus\nLatin -āticum\nOld French -agebor.\nMiddle English -age\nEnglish -age\nEnglish chaperonage\nFrom chaperon + -age.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chaperonage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "charcuterie": { + "definition": "The practice of cooking and preparing ready-to-eat meat products, especially pork.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French charcuterie.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/charcuterie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "charismatic": { + "definition": "Of, related to, or having charisma: having a form of compelling charm which inspires devotion in others due to their strength of character and being full of personality; charming, fascinating, magnetic.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek χάρισμα (khárisma, “grace, favour, gift”) + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/charismatic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "château": { + "definition": "Any stately residence imitating a distinctively French castle.", + "origin": "Originated 1730–40. Unadapted borrowing from French château, from Old French chastel, from Latin castellum. Doublet of cashel, castell, castellum, and castle.", + "sentence": "A university friend of Sixsmith’s, Robert Frobisher, wrote the series in the summer of 1931 during a prolonged stay at a château in Belgium.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ch%C3%A2teau", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, David Mitchell, “Half-Lives: The First Luisa Rey Mystery”, in Cloud Atlas, →ISBN, page 120:" + }, + "chemise": { + "definition": "A loose shirtlike undergarment, especially for women.", + "origin": "From French chemise, from Old French chemise, from Late Latin camisa, camisia (\"shirt, undergarment, nightgown\"; whence Old English cemes (“shirt”)), from Proto-West Germanic *hamiþi (“shirt”) (whence Old English hemeþe, Old High German hemidi, modern German Hemd (“shirt”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱam- (“cover, clothes”).\nCognate also with Saterland Frisian Hoamd (“shirt”), Dutch hemd (“shirt”), Old English ham (“undergarment”), hama (“covering, dress, garment”). See also shimmy, from a dialectal variant. More at hame.", + "sentence": "Then he touched her chemise, and though it was made of burlap, to him it seemed the finest and sheerest silk.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chemise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Part 1 published in 1605, Part 2 in 1615, translated in 2003, Miguel de Cervantes and translated by Edith Grossman, Don Quixote, page 113:" + }, + "Cheshire cat": { + "definition": "A fictional cat with a broad fixed grin, made popular by Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865).", + "origin": "Term attested since at least the 1780s in the expression grin like a Cheshire cat. The reason why Cheshire was combined with cat is disputed: see here for more information.", + "sentence": "He grins like a Cheshire cat; said of any one who shows his teeth and gums in laughing.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cheshire%20cat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1788, Francis Grose, A classical dictionary of the vulgar tongue, 2nd corrected and enlarged edition, London:" + }, + "chevalier": { + "definition": "cavalier; knight", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Celtic *kaballosder.?\nLatin caballus\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nLate Latin caballārius\nOld French chevalier\nAnglo-Norman chevalerbor.\n▲\nOld French chevalier\nMiddle French chevalierbor.\nMiddle English chivaler\nEnglish chevalier\nFrom Middle English chivaler or chevaler (also shyvalere while code-switching), from Anglo-Norman chevaler or chivaler, later refashioned after French chevalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”). Doublet of caballero and cavalier.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chevalier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chide": { + "definition": "To admonish in blame; to reproach angrily.", + "origin": "From Middle English chiden (“to chide, rebuke, disapprove, criticize; complain, grumble, dispute; argue, debate, dispute, quarrel”), from Old English ċīdan (“to chide, reprove, rebuke; blame, contend, strive, quarrel, complain”). Cognate with German kiden (“to sound”); Old High German kīdal (“wedge”).", + "sentence": "Then she had not chidden him for the use of that familiar salutation, nor did she chide him now, though she was promised to another.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chide", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1920, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Thuvia, Maiden of Mars, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2008:" + }, + "Chihuahua": { + "definition": "The smallest breed of dog in the world, originating in Mexico and having large erect ears.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Mexican Spanish Chihuahua. The dog is named after the state.", + "sentence": "The first time I saw a Chihuahua, I thought it was a battery-powered toy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chihuahua", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi, “Memoirs of a Namaaso”, in Manchester Happened, Oneworld Publications (2020), page 157:" + }, + "chimera": { + "definition": "A foolish, incongruous, or vain thought or product of the imagination.", + "origin": "Variant of Middle English chimere, chymere, & chymera under renewed Latin influence from the 16th century, from French chimère, from Latin Chimaera, from Ancient Greek Χίμαιρα (Khímaira, “fire-breathing mythological monster, fire-spewing Lycian or Cilician mountain”), from χίμαιρα (khímaira, “she-goat”, from χίμαρος (khímaros, “male goat”) + -α (-a)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey-. In reference to the fish, directly from Latin Chimaera, used by Linnaeus. In reference to organisms with distinct areas of different genetic makeups, a calque of German Chimäre, used by Hans Winkler in 1907.", + "sentence": "Although now considered a pseudo-science, the 'Abbasids were also fascinated by alchemy and the chimera of transforming base metals into gold for their treasury.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chimera", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009, Amira K. Bennison, The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire, Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 159:" + }, + "chinook": { + "definition": "The descending, warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains that generally blows from the southwest and can rapidly increase the temperature due to the much warmer air it brings.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Lower Chehalis c̓inúk (“the name of a Chinook village on the Columbia River”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chinook", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chintzy": { + "definition": "Of or decorated with chintz.", + "origin": "From chintz + -y, from Hindi छींट (chī̃ṭ).", + "sentence": "Wanting to get out of the house, he descended toward the large living room with its chintzy curtains and stuffy lamps and pictures.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chintzy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, Frank Corsaro, “Part Seven”, in Kunma, New York, N.Y.: Forge, →ISBN:" + }, + "cholera": { + "definition": "Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.", + "origin": "From Latin cholera (“bilious disease”), from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra, “cholera”). Doublet of choler.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cholera", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cholesterol": { + "definition": "A sterol lipid synthesized by the liver and transported in the bloodstream to the membranes of all animal cells; it plays a central role in many biochemical processes and, as a lipoprotein that coats the walls of blood vessels, is associated with cardiovascular disease.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-\nProto-Hellenic *kʰolā́\nAncient Greek χολή (kholḗ)\nProto-Indo-European *ster-der.\nAncient Greek στερεός (stereós)\nFrench cholestérine\nFrench cholestérolbor.\nEnglish cholesterol\nBorrowed from French cholestérol.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cholesterol", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chrysalis": { + "definition": "Any limiting environment or situation escaped during one's growth or development in the manner of a butterfly.", + "origin": "From Latin chrysalis, variant of chrȳsallis, from Ancient Greek χρυσαλλίς (khrusallís), usually derived from χρυσός (khrusós, “gold, golden”) + -αλλ- + -ις (-is, “-id: forming feminine nouns”) but compare θρυαλλίς (thruallís) and ἀρυβαλλίς (aruballís), both believed to come from a Pre-Greek substrate on the basis of their unusual endings.", + "sentence": "At the same time he cast off the chrysalis of a commonplace existence.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chrysalis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:" + }, + "chrysolite": { + "definition": "Originally, any of various green-coloured gems; later specifically peridot.", + "origin": "From Middle English crisolite, from Old French crisolite, from Medieval Latin crisolitus, Latin chrȳsolithus, from Ancient Greek χρῡσόλιθος (khrūsólithos), from χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”). By surface analysis, chryso- (“pertaining to gold”) + -lite (“pertaining to rocks, minerals”).", + "sentence": "And before he died, Taran-Ish had scrawled upon the altar of chrysolite with coarse shaky strokes the sign of DOOM.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chrysolite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1920, H. P. Lovecraft, The Doom that Came to Sarnath:" + }, + "ciao": { + "definition": "Hello, hi.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian ciao (“hello, goodbye”), from Venetan ciao (“hello, goodbye, your (humble) servant”), from Venetan s-ciao / s-ciavo (“servant, slave”), from Medieval Latin sclavus (“Slav, slave”), related also to Italian schiavo, English Slav, slave and Old Venetan S-ciavón (“Slav”), from Latin Sclavus, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *slověninъ. Not related to Vietnamese chào (“hello, goodbye”). Doublet of Slav and slave.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ciao", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cicada": { + "definition": "Any of several insects in the superfamily Cicadoidea, with small eyes wide apart on the head and transparent well-veined wings.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin cicāda, ultimately onomatopoeic. Doublet of cicala.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cicada", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Cincinnati": { + "definition": "The third largest city in Ohio, United States and the county seat of Hamilton County.", + "origin": "Named after the Society of the Cincinnati, which is named after Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus; see Latin Cincinnāti and Cincinnātus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cincinnati", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "circadian": { + "definition": "Of, relating to, or showing rhythmic behaviour with a period of approximately 24 hours; especially of a biological process.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.\nAncient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor.\nLatin circus\nLatin circum\nLatin circā\nProto-Indo-European *dyew-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dyḗws\nProto-Italic *djous\nLatin diēs\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish circadian\nFrom Latin circā (“around”) + diēs (“day”) + English -an. Compare circannual.", + "sentence": "To summarize, the circadian system, particularly the SCN, controls the circadian pattern of melatonin release in mammals.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circadian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002, Jill B. Becker, Behavioral Endocrinology, page 483:" + }, + "circuitous": { + "definition": "Being a long and winding route.", + "origin": "First attested in 1664. From Latin circuitōsus, from circuitus, from circumeō (“to go around”), from circum (“around”) + eō (“to go”). By surface analysis, circuit + -ous.", + "sentence": "And thus we came by a circuitous route to Mohair, the judge occupied by his own guilty thoughts, and I by others not less disturbing.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circuitous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:" + }, + "cognizant": { + "definition": "Aware; fully informed; having understanding of a fact.", + "origin": "A new formation from cognizance + -ant; first attested in the 19th century. Compare Old French conoissant (present participle of conoistre; modern French connaissant), from Latin cognōscentem (accusative singular present participle of cōgnōscō).", + "sentence": "The defendant is cognizant that this is a serious charge.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cognizant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "cohesive": { + "definition": "Having cohesion.", + "origin": "From Latin cohaesus, past participle of cohaereō, + -ive.", + "sentence": "For Scotland, who produced the best of what cohesive football there was on the night, it was a merited outcome.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cohesive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 November 14, Stephen Halliday, “Scotland 1-0 Republic of Ireland: Maloney the hero”, in The Scotsman:" + }, + "cohosh": { + "definition": "A perennial American herb (Caulophyllum thalictroides), the rough rootstock of which is used in medicine.", + "origin": "From an Algonquian word meaning rough, probably from Eastern Abenaki / Penobscot *kkwὰhas. Compare Massachusett kushki (“(it is) rough”). Compare English cocash.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cohosh", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "coiffure": { + "definition": "Hairstyle.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French coiffure.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coiffure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "colic": { + "definition": "Severe pains that grip the abdomen or the disease that causes such pains (due to intestinal or bowel-related problems).", + "origin": "Borrowed from French colique. Ultimately derived from Ancient Greek κωλικός (kōlikós, “suffering in the colon”, adjective).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/colic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "collectanea": { + "definition": "A selective collection of passages from various sources or by various authors; an anthology.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/collectanea", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "collegiality": { + "definition": "collegial atmosphere; working with colleagues in an effective and cooperative manner", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish collegial\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish collegiality\nFrom collegial + -ity.", + "sentence": "To what extent does collegiality still exist in the management here?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/collegiality", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, Nigel Bennett, Megan Crawford, Marion Cartwright, Effective Educational Leadership, SAGE, →ISBN, page 248:" + }, + "comanchero": { + "definition": "A Hispanic trader of New Mexico who made a living by trading with the nomadic plains tribes, especially the Comanches.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Comanchero", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "comminatory": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to commination.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comminatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "commiserative": { + "definition": "Feeling or expressing commiseration, compassion, pity or sympathy", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish commiserate\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nOld French -ifbor.\nMiddle English -yf\nEnglish -ive\nEnglish commiserative\nFrom commiserate + -ive.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/commiserative", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "commissioner": { + "definition": "One who commissions something.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *mey-?\nProto-Indo-European *meyth₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *méyth₂eti\nProto-Italic *meitō\nOld Latin mītō\nLatin mittō\nLatin committō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin commissiō\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nMedieval Latin commissiōnāriusder.\nAnglo-Norman commissionairebor.\nMiddle English commissioner\nEnglish commissioner\nFrom Middle English commissioner, from Anglo-Norman commissionaire, from Medieval Latin commissiōnārius. Doublet of commissionaire. By surface analysis, commission + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/commissioner", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "commodious": { + "definition": "Spacious and convenient; roomy and comfortable.", + "origin": "From Middle English commodious (“convenient, advantageous”), from Anglo-Norman commodious, Old French commodieux, directly from Medieval Latin commodiosus (“convenient, useful”), irregularly from Latin commodus (“suitable, fit, convenient”), from com- + modus (“measure, manner”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”). Analyzable as commode (“to provide with an appropriate or necessary thing; to suit”) + -ious.", + "sentence": "Our house is much more commodious than our old apartment.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/commodious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "compendium": { + "definition": "A short, complete summary; an abstract.", + "origin": "From the Latin compendium (“that which is weighed together; a sparing, a saving, an abbreviation”), from com- (“with”) + pendō (“to weigh”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/compendium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "con forza": { + "definition": "With force or strength, as a musical direction.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian, literally meaning 'with force'.", + "sentence": "The pianist played the passage con forza for a powerful effect.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "BeeBright, based on Merriam-Webster", + "source_url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/con%20forza", + "license": "", + "sentence_reference": "Original example written for BeeBright" + }, + "concision": { + "definition": "A form of media censorship where discussions are limited in topics on the basis of broadcast time allotments.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French concision, from Latin concisiō(n).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concision", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "conclave": { + "definition": "A group of cardinals assembled to elect a new pope.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nThe noun is derived from Late Middle English conclave (“private chamber; (Roman Catholicism) private room where election of the Pope takes place; meeting held for this purpose”), borrowed from Middle French conclave (modern French conclave), or directly from its etymon Latin conclāve (“chamber, room; enclosed space that can be locked; dining hall”), from con- (prefix denoting a being or bringing together of several objects) (combining form of cum (“(along) with”)) + clāvis (“key”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“(noun) crook, hook; peg; (verb) to close”)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "Two years afterwards Pius IX died, and the Conclave met in the Vatican to choose his successor.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conclave", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1887 October 15, “Books. Pope Leo XIII. [book review]”, in The Spectator: A Weekly Review of Politics, Literature, Theology, and Art, volume LX, number 3,094, London: […] John Campbell, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1390, column 1:" + }, + "concordance": { + "definition": "Agreement; accordance; consonance.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nOld Latin com\nLatin cum\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerd-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱḗr ~ *ḱr̥dés\nProto-Italic *kord\nLatin cor\nLatin concors\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin concordō\nLate Latin concordantiader.\nOld French concordanceder.\nEnglish concordance\nFrom Old French concordance, from Late Latin concordantia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concordance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "conduit": { + "definition": "A pipe or channel for conveying water, etc.", + "origin": "From Middle English conduyt, condit, from Old French conduit, from Latin conductus. Doublet of conduct.", + "sentence": "This channel is a conduit to send the excess water back to the millpond.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conduit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Conestoga": { + "definition": "A river in Pennsylvania, United States.", + "origin": "From Susquehannock kanahstó:ke (the name of a settlement, now Conestoga, Pennsylvania). According to Mithun, British colonists based the name on the Mohawk word tekanastoge (“place of the upright pole”). It may also be the anglicized form of Gandastogue, which may have been close to what the Susquehannock called themselves.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Conestoga", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "confabulation": { + "definition": "A fabricated memory believed to be true, especially in someone with dementia or with encephalopathy from advanced alcoholism.", + "origin": "From Middle English confabulacion (“conversation”), from Latin confābulātiōnem, from cōnfābulārī + -tiōnem.", + "sentence": "For Örulv and Hydén, confabulation is ‘world-making’ (669).", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/confabulation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021, Pramod K. Nayar, Alzheimer's Disease Memoirs: Poetics of the Forgetting Self, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 76:" + }, + "congeniality": { + "definition": "The quality of being congenial; the state of being agreeable or of having similar tastes.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish con-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-der.\nLatin genius\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin geniālisbor.\nMiddle French génialbor.\nEnglish genial\nEnglish congenial\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish congeniality\nFrom congenial + -ity.", + "sentence": "Eugenie was known for her congeniality; she could easily fit in to virtually any group of people and have a good time.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/congeniality", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "conglutinant": { + "definition": "That cements together, especially that heals a wound by adhering its edges", + "origin": "Compare the French conglutinant and the Latin conglūtināns (the present active participle of conglūtinō); also see the English verb conglutinate and suffix -ant.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conglutinant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "connivery": { + "definition": "collusion", + "origin": "From connive + -ery.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/connivery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "consecrate": { + "definition": "To declare something holy, or make it holy by some procedure.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *seh₂k-\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nProto-Indo-European *sh₂krós\nProto-Italic *sakros\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nProto-Italic *sakrāō\nLatin sacrō\nLatin cōnsecrōbor.\nMiddle English consecraten\nEnglish consecrate\nFirst attested in the late 14ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English consecraten (“to dedicate, consecrate (an altar, church); to ordain (a bishop), anoint (a king, a pope); to devote one to religious life”), from consecrat(e) (“consecrated”, used as the past participle of consecraten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin cōnsecrātus, perfect passive participle of cōnsecrāre, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consecrate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1863 November 19, Abraham Lincoln, Dedicatory Remarks (Gettysburg Address)^(https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Address_(Bliss_copy)), near Soldiers' National Cemetery, →LCCN, Bliss copy, page 2:" + }, + "consequent": { + "definition": "Following as a result, inference, or natural effect.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French conséquent, from Latin consequens, consequentem, present participle of consequi (“to follow”), from con- + sequi (“to follow”). Compare French conséquent.", + "sentence": "His retirement and consequent spare time enabled him to travel more.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consequent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "constabulary": { + "definition": "Characteristic of police; police-like, rather than military.", + "origin": "From mediaeval Latin conestabularia, a noun use of the feminine version of conestabularius, from Latin constabulus, from comes stabuli, literally ‘master of the stables’.", + "sentence": "Constabulary missions are different from fighting wars.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/constabulary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "consternation": { + "definition": "Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and incapacitates for reflection; terror, combined with amazement; dismay.", + "origin": "From French consternation, from Latin consternātiō. By surface analysis, consternate + -ion.", + "sentence": "\"Out!\" exclaimed her husband, with something like genuine consternation in his voice.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consternation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1899, Kate Chopin, The Awakening:" + }, + "constituent": { + "definition": "Being a part or component of a whole.", + "origin": "From Latin cōnstituēns, present participle of cōnstituō (“to establish”), from com- (“together”) + statuō (“to set, place, establish”).", + "sentence": "Body, soul, and reason are the three parts necessarily constituent of a man.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/constituent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1695, C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "consul": { + "definition": "Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.", + "origin": "From Middle English consul, from Old English consul, from Latin cōnsul.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consul", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "contemptuous": { + "definition": "Showing contempt; expressing disdain; showing a lack of respect.", + "origin": "From Latin contemptus (whence contempt) + -ous.", + "sentence": "I don't know that guy, but he just gave me a contemptuous look.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contemptuous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "continuum": { + "definition": "A continuous series or whole, no part of which is noticeably different from its adjacent parts, although the ends or extremes of it are very different from each other.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin continuum, neuter form of continuus, from contineō (“contain, enclose”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/continuum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "contrariwise": { + "definition": "In the contrary or opposite way, order, or direction.", + "origin": "From Middle English contrary-wyse; equivalent to contrary + -wise.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contrariwise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "contrivance": { + "definition": "A means, such as an elaborate plan or strategy, to accomplish a certain objective.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish contrive\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin -āns\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin -āntia\nOld French -ancebor.\nMiddle English -aunce\nEnglish -ance\nEnglish contrivance\nFrom contrive + -ance.", + "sentence": "And along with each of these go their images, not the things themselves, — they too have come about by godlike contrivance.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contrivance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 266b:" + }, + "Coptic": { + "definition": "The Afroasiatic language traditionally spoken by the Copts in Egypt, now extinct and used only as a liturgical language.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Copt\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish Coptic\nFrom Copt + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Coptic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cordillera": { + "definition": "An extensive, continent-wide chain of mountains, especially one in the Americas.", + "origin": "From Spanish cordillera, from Old Spanish cordilla, cordiella, diminutive of cuerda (“a rope, string”). See cord.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cordillera", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "corduroy": { + "definition": "A heavy fabric, usually made of cotton, with vertical ribs.", + "origin": "Origin uncertain. Probably from cord + duroy (“a 17th century coarse fabric made in England”). Probably not from French *corde du roi (“cloth of the king”), which is unattested in French, where the term for the corduroy is velours côtelé. Possibly from cordesoy from corde de soie (“rope of silk or silk-like fabric”), named for example in a 1756 advertisement for clothing fabrics; see Wikipedia article, and comparable in language form to the contemporary serg(e)dusoys (“silk serge”), see Serge (fabric).", + "sentence": "He wore green corduroy trousers, a duffle coat and an old school tie.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corduroy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1956, Delano Ames, chapter 4, in Crime out of Mind:" + }, + "coriander": { + "definition": "The annual herb Coriandrum sativum, used in many cuisines.", + "origin": "From Middle English coriandre, from Anglo-Norman coriandre, from Old French corïandre, from Latin coriandrum, from Ancient Greek κορίανδρον (koríandron), of uncertain origin. Doublet of cilantro.\ncognates, etc.\nCompare Ancient Greek κορίαννον (koríannon), κορίαμβλον (koríamblon), Mycenaean Greek 𐀒𐀪𐁀𐀅𐀙 (ko-ri-a2-da-na), 𐀒𐀪𐀊𐀅𐀙 (ko-ri-ja-da-na), 𐀒𐀪𐀊𐀈𐀜 (ko-ri-ja-do-no), 𐀒𐀪𐀍𐀅𐀙 (ko-ri-jo-da-na), Akkadian 𒌑𒄷𒌷𒌝 (^úḫurium) Aramaic כסברה (kusbara, “coriander”), Classical Syriac ܟܽܘܣܒܰܪܬܳܐ (kūsbartā, “coriander”) and Arabic كُزْبَرَة (kuzbara).\nBeekes supposes that cluster -dn- implies a Pre-Greek word, and hypothesizes that *koriaⁿdro- may have dissimilated to *koriaⁿdno-.", + "sentence": "Also vinegar, dried coriander, potassium bromide, cocaine, vervain, acid drinks, lemonade.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coriander", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 11:" + }, + "Corinthian": { + "definition": "Of or relating to Corinth.", + "origin": "From Latin Corinthius + -an. By surface analysis, Corinth + -ian. The senses related to opulence or debauchery derive from the reputation of ancient Corinth.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Corinthian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "corm": { + "definition": "A cormorant.", + "origin": "Clipping of cormorant.", + "sentence": "\"Great Corm on the barge—fifth bird from the left,\" shouted a fourth.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corm", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Pete Dunne, chapter 9, in The Feather Quest: A North American Birder's Year, Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, page 135:" + }, + "cyanosis": { + "definition": "A blue discolouration of the skin due to the circulation of blood low in oxygen.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek κῠ́ᾰνος (kŭ́ănos)\nAncient Greek -εος (-eos)\nAncient Greek κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos)der.\nEnglish cyano-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Hellenic *-tis\nAncient Greek -τῐς (-tĭs)\nAncient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs)\nAncient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis)bor.\nNew Latin -ōsislbor.\nEnglish -osis\nEnglish cyanosis\nFrom cyano- + -osis.", + "sentence": "She has real, real deep cyanosis around the eyes and mouth too.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cyanosis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 July 25 [2023 April 21], Midwest Safety, “Evil Mother Does The Unthinkable to her Child”, in YouTube (video):" + }, + "cybernetics": { + "definition": "The theory/science of communication and control in living organisms or machines.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek κυβερνήτης (kubernḗtēs, “steersman”), from κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, drive, guide, act as a pilot”) (whence English govern). The term is attested since at least 1948 in the book Cybernetics by Norbert Wiener, influenced by the cognate term and doublet governor, the name of an early control device proposed by James Clerk Maxwell in 1868. Note also the 1830s French cybernétique (“the art of governing”). Also doublet of Kubernetes.", + "sentence": "And that brings up another momentous 20th-century idea, sometimes called cybernetics, feedback, or control.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cybernetics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018, Steven Pinker, “Chapter 2: Entro, Evo, Info”, in Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress, Penguin, →ISBN:" + }, + "cygnet": { + "definition": "The young of a swan.", + "origin": "From Middle English cignet, signet, from Anglo-Norman cignet, diminutive of Old French cigne (“swan”), from Latin cygnus, cycnus (“swan”), from Ancient Greek κύκνος (kúknos, “swan”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cygnet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cynicism": { + "definition": "A distrustful attitude.", + "origin": "From Cynicism, cynic + -ism; compare cynism.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cynicism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cornea": { + "definition": "The transparent layer making up the outermost front part of the eye, covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.", + "origin": "From Latin cornea tela (“horny tissue”), from cornu (“horn”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cornea", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cornel": { + "definition": "The cherry-like fruit of such plants, certain of which are edible.", + "origin": "From Middle English corneille, borrowed from Middle French corneille, from Vulgar Latin *cornicula, from Latin cornus (“the European cornel”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cornel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cornucopia": { + "definition": "An abundance or plentiful supply.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\n?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Italic *kornū\nLatin cornū\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin co-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ep-der.\nProto-Italic *opis\nLatin ops\nLatin cōps\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin cōpia\nLatin cornūcōpiabor.\nEnglish cornucopia\nBorrowed from Latin cornūcōpia.", + "sentence": "The store provided a veritable cornucopia of modern gadgets.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cornucopia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "corollary": { + "definition": "An a fortiori occurrence, as a result of another effort without significant additional effort.", + "origin": "From Middle English, from Late Latin corōllārium (“money paid for a garland; gift, gratuity, corollary; consequence, deduction”), from corōlla (“small garland”), diminutive of corōna (“crown”).", + "sentence": "Finally getting that cracked window fixed was a nice corollary of redoing the whole storefront.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corollary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "coroner": { + "definition": "A public official who presides over an inquest into unnatural deaths, and who may have (or historically had) additional powers such as investigating cases of treasure trove.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-der.\nAncient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē)bor.\nLatin corōna\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin corōnāre\nOld French coronerbor.\nMiddle English coroner\nEnglish coroner\nFrom Middle English coroner, from Old French curuner, from Medieval Latin custōs placitōrum corōnae (“guardian of the crown's pleas”). The function was originally to protect royal properties. Compare crowner. Doublet of crown.", + "sentence": "The coroner confirmed the cause of death.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coroner", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "corpulent": { + "definition": "Large in body; fat; overweight.", + "origin": "From Middle English corpulent, from Old French corpulent, from Latin corpulentus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corpulent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "corral": { + "definition": "An enclosure for livestock, especially a circular one.", + "origin": "From Spanish corral. Doublet of kraal.", + "sentence": "We had a small corral out back where we kept our pet llama.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "corrosive": { + "definition": "Having the quality of fretting or vexing.", + "origin": "From Old French corrosif.", + "sentence": "Care is no cure, but corrosive.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corrosive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:" + }, + "corsage": { + "definition": "A small bouquet of flowers, originally worn attached to the bodice of a woman's dress.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krep-der.\nProto-Italic *korpos\nLatin corpus\nOld French cors\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nLatin -āticus\nLatin -āticum\nOld French -age\nMiddle French -age\nFrench -age\nFrench corsagebor.\nEnglish corsage\nBorrowed from French corsage.", + "sentence": "Brody (Damian Lewis): Will you go to the prom with me? / Carrie: Do I get a corsage?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corsage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011, “The Weekend” (32:42 from the start), in Homeland, season 1, episode 7, spoken by Carrie Mathison (Claire Danes):" + }, + "cortex": { + "definition": "The outer layer of an internal organ or body structure, such as the kidney or the brain.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kert-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kort-ek-sder.\nLatin cortexbor.\nEnglish cortex\nBorrowed from Latin cortex (“cork, bark”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cortex", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cozen": { + "definition": "To become cozy; (by extension) to become acquainted, comfortable, or familiar with.", + "origin": "From coz(y) + -en.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cozen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "credence": { + "definition": "Acceptance of a belief or claim as true, especially on the basis of evidence.", + "origin": "From Middle English credence, from Old French credence, from Medieval Latin crēdentia (“belief, faith”), from Latin crēdēns, present active participle of crēdō (“loan, confide in, trust, believe”). Compare French croyance, French créance, Italian credenza, Portuguese crença, Romanian credință, Spanish creencia. Doublet of credenza.", + "sentence": "Based on the scientific data, I give credence to this hypothesis.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/credence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "credulity": { + "definition": "Faith, credence; acceptance or maintenance of a belief.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English credulite (“faith, belief”), borrowed from Middle French credulité (French crédulité), from Latin crēdulitās. Corresponding to credulous + -ity (compare credulosity).", + "sentence": "Such credulity would better become one of us weak women, than that wise sex which heaven hath formed for politicians.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/credulity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VI:" + }, + "creel": { + "definition": "A woven basket, especially a wicker basket.", + "origin": "Inherited from Northern Middle English crele, possibly from an Old French root *creille, variant of greille (compare French grille), from Latin crāticula.", + "sentence": "For this purpose they got an old creel to put him in and some straw to light under it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/creel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1850, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, London: H.G. Bohn, page 393:" + }, + "crepuscular": { + "definition": "Of or resembling twilight; dim.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin crepusculum + -ar.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crepuscular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cribbage": { + "definition": "A variety of pocket billiards that, like the card game, awards points for pairs that total 15. A player who pockets a ball of a particular number must then immediately pocket the companion ball that brings the number to 15.", + "origin": "From crib + -age. Named from the \"crib\" consisting of certain cards laid aside by each player.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cribbage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cribble": { + "definition": "A coarse sieve or screen.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French crible, from Late Latin criblus (“sieve”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cribble", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cribo": { + "definition": "Any of various snakes in the genus Drymarchon.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cribo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "crinoline": { + "definition": "A stiff petticoat made from this fabric.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French crinoline.", + "sentence": "In the nineteenth century, stiff crinoline petticoats puffed out skirts so far that the cheap materials often brushed against open flames and caught fire.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crinoline", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022, W. David Marx, chapter 4, in Status and Culture, Viking, →ISBN:" + }, + "crith": { + "definition": "the weight of 1 litre of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure. Equal to approximately 0.09 grams.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek κριθή (krithḗ, “barley corn, a small weight”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crith", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cruciferous": { + "definition": "Of or relating to the crucifer plants or products from these plants; of the family Cruciferae, the cabbage family, including cabbage and mustard.", + "origin": "From Late Latin crucifer (“cross-bearing”) + -ous. By surface analysis, crucifer + -ous.", + "sentence": "And cruciferous vegetables—broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, cabbage—are loaded with sulforaphane.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cruciferous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 November, Elizabeth Drake, “Combine and conquer: Use these winning food pairings to protect your health”, in Men's Health, volume 22, number 9, →ISSN, page 126:" + }, + "cryogenic": { + "definition": "Of, relating to, or performed at low temperatures.", + "origin": "From cryo- + -genic.", + "sentence": "Quick as a mongoose, the man with the glass eye darts in, yanks the aluminum case out of the cryogenic cylinder, tosses it to Y.T.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cryogenic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, page 179:" + }, + "cudgel": { + "definition": "A short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon.", + "origin": "From Middle English kuggel, from Old English cyċġel (“a large stick, cudgel”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuggil, from Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“a knobbed instrument”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”), equivalent to cog + -el (diminutive suffix). Cognate with Middle Dutch coghele (“a stick with a rounded end”).", + "sentence": "The guard hefted his cudgel menacingly and looked at the inmates.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cudgel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "cum laude": { + "definition": "With praise; an honor added to a diploma or degree for work that is above average.", + "origin": "From Latin cum (“with”) + laude (ablative of laus, \"praise\").", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cum%20laude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cumbersome": { + "definition": "Not easily managed or handled; awkward or clumsy.", + "origin": "From Middle English cumbyrsum, cummyrsum; equivalent to cumber (“hindrance”) + -some. Compare encumber and incumbent.", + "sentence": "Cumbersome machines can endanger operators and slow down production.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cumbersome", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "cumulus": { + "definition": "A heap or mound.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁mósder.?\nLatin cumulusbor.\nEnglish cumulus\nLearned borrowing from Latin cumulus. Doublet of comble.\nSense 2 (“type of cloud”) was coined by the British chemist and amateur meteorologist Luke Howard (1772–1864): see the 1803 quotation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cumulus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "curmudgeon": { + "definition": "An ill-tempered person full of stubborn ideas or opinions, often an older man.", + "origin": "Numerous folk etymologies exist for this word.\nAn alternative spelling attested in 1600 is cornmudgin, in Holland's translation of Livy, rendering Latin frūmentārius (“corn-merchant”). This has been suggested as the original form of the word, but OED notes that curmudgeon is attested some years before this, concluding that cornmudgin was merely a nonce-word by Holland.\nThe word is attested from the late 1500s in the forms curmudgeon and curmudgen, and during the 17th century in numerous spelling variants, including cormogeon, cormogion, cormoggian, cormudgeon, curmudgion, curmuggion, curmudgin, curr-mudgin, curre-megient.", + "sentence": "There's a cranky curmudgeon working at the hospital who gives all the patients and other doctors flak.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/curmudgeon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "cutis": { + "definition": "The true skin, underlying the epidermis.", + "origin": "From Latin cutis (“living skin”).", + "sentence": "The cutis measures in thickness from a quarter of a line to a line and a half (a line is one-twelfth of an inch).", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cutis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1883, Alfred Swaine Taylor, Thomas Stevenson, The principles and practice of medical jurisprudence:" + }, + "dactylic": { + "definition": "of or consisting of dactyls.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish dactyl\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish dactylic\nFrom dactyl + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dactylic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Dalmatian": { + "definition": "Relating to Dalmatia or its people.", + "origin": "From Dalmatia + -an. The dog breed can be traced back to Croatia and its historical region of Dalmatia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dalmatian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dandle": { + "definition": "To treat with fondness or affection, as if a child; to pet.", + "origin": "Compare Scots dandill (“to dander; go about idly; move uncertainly; trifle”), English dialectal dander (“to wander about; talk incoherently; rave”), Middle Dutch dantinnen (“to trifle”) (from French dandiner (“to swing; waddle”)), German dändeln, tändeln (“to trifle, dandle”), Middle Dutch and Provincial German danten (“to do foolish things; trifle”), German Tand (“trifle, prattle”).", + "sentence": "“Mark,” said Gabriel, sternly, “now you mind this: none of that dalliance-talk—that philandering way—that dandle-smack-and-coddle style of yours—about Miss Everdene.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dandle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC:" + }, + "danseur": { + "definition": "A male ballet dancer.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French danseur.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/danseur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "danta": { + "definition": "A deciduous timber-yielding tree native to West and West Central Tropical Africa, Nesogordonia papaverifera.", + "origin": "Borrowed from a certain Ghanaian vernacular name (compare Anyi danta, Sehwi danta).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/danta", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "darnel": { + "definition": "Any of the genus Lolium of grasses, especially as a weed in wheat fields.", + "origin": "From Middle English darnel, dernel, from Old Northern French darnelle ( > dialectal French dernelle, darnette), of Germanic origin, possibly Proto-West Germanic *darjan (“to harm, injure”). Displaced native Old English boþen.\nRelated to Walloon darne, derne (“stunned, dazed, drunk”), Middle Dutch verdarnt, verdaernt (“stunned, dumbfounded, angry”). The association with being dazed or drunkenness is due to the well-known intoxicating effects of the plant.", + "sentence": "With harlocks, hemlock, nettles, cuckoo-flowers, / Darnel, and all the idle weeds that grow / In our sustaining corn.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/darnel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:" + }, + "davenport": { + "definition": "A large sofa, especially a formal one.", + "origin": "* (sofa, couch): The sofa sense is a genericized trademark named after the defunct furniture manufacturer A. H. Davenport and Company. From the surname Davenport. Named after American businessman Albert H. Davenport\n* (desk)", + "sentence": "He blundered into the living-room, lay on the davenport, hands behind his head.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/davenport", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1922, Sinclair Lewis, Babbitt:" + }, + "debilitate": { + "definition": "To make feeble; to weaken.", + "origin": "From debilitatus, the past passive participle of Latin dēbilitō (“to weaken, debilitate”), from the adjective dēbilis (“weak”), itself from de- + habilis (“able”). Equivalent to Latin dēbilitō + -ate (verb-forming suffix; adjective-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "Twice, they found themselves behind, seemingly on their way out, and on both occasions they absolutely refused to let their lack of numbers debilitate them.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/debilitate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015 March 12, Daniel Taylor, “Chelsea out of Champions League after Thiago Silva sends 10-man PSG through on away goals”, in The Guardian (London):" + }, + "debutante": { + "definition": "A young woman who makes her first formal appearance in society.", + "origin": "From French débutante. By surface analysis, debut + French -ante.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/debutante", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "derisive": { + "definition": "Expressing or characterized by derision; mocking; ridiculing.", + "origin": "From the participle stem of Latin dērīdeō (“to deride”) + -ive.", + "sentence": "The critic's review of the film was derisive.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/derisive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "deserter": { + "definition": "A person who has physically removed him- or herself from the control or direction of a military or naval unit with the intention of permanently leaving", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin desertor (“deserter”), from desero (“to forsake, to abandon”); or from desert + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deserter", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "desertification": { + "definition": "The process by which a geographic region becomes a desert, resulting from natural changes in climate or by human activity.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish desert\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -ficātiō\nOld French -ificationbor.\nMiddle English -ificacioun\nEnglish -ification\nEnglish desertification\nFrom desert + -ification (“process of becoming”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/desertification", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "desolate": { + "definition": "Deserted and devoid of inhabitants.", + "origin": "From Middle English desolat(e). See Etymology 2 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.", + "sentence": "And the silvery marish flowers that throng / The desolate creeks and pools among.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/desolate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1830, Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Dying Swan:" + }, + "desultorily": { + "definition": "In a desultory fashion.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish desultory\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish desultorily\nFrom desultory + -ly.", + "sentence": "She had been working desultorily on her book for several years.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/desultorily", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "detritus": { + "definition": "Organic waste material from decomposing dead plants or animals.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin dētrītus (“(that which is) rubbed away”), from dēterō (“rub away”).", + "sentence": "Woody detritus is an important component of forested ecosystems.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/detritus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009, Christian Wirth, Gerd Gleixner, Martin Heimann, Old-Growth Forests: Function, Fate and Value, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 159:" + }, + "deuterium": { + "definition": "An isotope of hydrogen with one proton and one neutron in each atom - 21H.", + "origin": "From deutero- + -ium. Coined by American physical chemist Harold Urey, from Ancient Greek δεύτερος (deúteros, “second”).", + "sentence": "Heavy water is \"heavy\" because it contains deuterium.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deuterium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "diacritic": { + "definition": "Distinguishing.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *dwísder.\nAncient Greek διά (diá)\nAncient Greek δια- (dia-)\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Indo-European *-n-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *krinyéti\nProto-Hellenic *kríňňō\nAncient Greek κρῑ́νω (krī́nō)\nAncient Greek κρῐ- (krĭ-)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek κρῐτής (krĭtḗs)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós)\nAncient Greek κριτικός (kritikós)\nAncient Greek δῐᾰκρῐτῐκός (dĭăkrĭtĭkós)lbor.\nEnglish diacritic\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek διακριτικός (diakritikós, “distinguishing, separative”), from διακρῑ́νω (diakrī́nō, “to distinguish, separate”), from δια- (dia-, “between”) + κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “I separate, distinguish”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diacritic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "diadem": { + "definition": "An ornamental headband worn as a badge of royalty.", + "origin": "From Middle English diademe, dyademe, from Old French diademe, from Latin diadēma, from Ancient Greek διάδημα (diádēma, “band, especially worn around a tiara”), from διαδέω (diadéō, “bind around”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diadem", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dialysis": { + "definition": "A method of separating molecules or particles of different sizes by differential diffusion through a semipermeable membrane.", + "origin": "From Latin dialysis, from Ancient Greek διάλυσις (diálusis). By surface analysis, dia- + -lysis. First use appears c. 1550.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialysis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "diaspora": { + "definition": "The dispersion of a group in a manner comparable to that of the Jews among the Gentiles after the Babylonian captivity (6th century BCE).", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek διασπορᾱ́ (diasporā́, “dispersion”), from διασπείρω (diaspeírō, “to scatter”), from δια- (dia-, prefix indicating motion across or in all directions) + σπείρω (speírō, “to sow”).", + "sentence": "The African diaspora caused a melding of cultures, both African cultures and Western ones, in many places.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diaspora", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "diathermy": { + "definition": "The generation of heat using high-frequency electromagnetic currents; especially the therapeutic production of heat in tissues in order to form coagulation", + "origin": "From dia- + therm + -y.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diathermy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "diatonic": { + "definition": "Relating to or characteristic of a musical scale which contains seven pitches and a pattern of five whole tones and two semitones; particularly, of the major or natural minor scales.", + "origin": "From French diatonique or Late Latin diatonicus, ultimately from Ancient Greek διατονικός (diatonikós), in the phrase [γένος (génos, “type, genus”)] διατονικός (diatonikós) (in reference to the diatonic tetrachord, and in contrast to the chromatic and enharmonic tetrachords), from διάτονος (diátonos) (διά (diá) + τόνος (tónos)), of disputed etymology, as both components are ambiguous.\nMost plausibly, διάτονος (diátonos) refers to “stretched intervals”, as the intervals of the diatonic tetrachord are the most evenly distributed or “stretched out”, compared to the chromatic and enharmonic tetrads, which use smaller, more crowded together intervals. Compare pyknon, from πυκνός (puknós, “dense, compressed”), referring to the lower part of the non-diatonic tetrachords: the diatonic tetrachord has widely spaced notes (“stretched out”), while the other tetrachords have a closely spaced notes (“compressed”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diatonic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dietetic": { + "definition": "Relating to diet.", + "origin": "From Latin diaeteticus, from Ancient Greek διαιτητικός (diaitētikós).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dietetic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "deceitful": { + "definition": "Deliberately misleading or cheating.", + "origin": "From deceit + -ful.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deceitful", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "deceleron": { + "definition": "A two-part aileron that can be deflected as a unit to provide roll control, or split open to act as an air brake.", + "origin": "Blend of decelerate + aileron?", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deceleron", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "decennial": { + "definition": "A tenth anniversary, particularly", + "origin": "From Latin decennialis, from decennium (“10-year period”) + -ālis, from decennis (“10-year”) + -ium (“-ium”, suffix forming abstract nouns), from decem (“ten”) + annus (“year”) + -is (suffix forming compound adjectives).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decennial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "deciduous": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to trees which lose their leaves in winter or the dry season.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin dēcidō\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Italic *-wos\nLatin -uus\nLatin dēciduuslbor.\nEnglish deciduous\nLearned borrowing from Latin dēciduus (“falling down or off”), from dēcidō (“to fall down or off”) + -uus.", + "sentence": "The deciduous trees provide a beautiful green canopy, far out of sight of teachers and fellow students.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deciduous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012, Four Leaf Studios, “Prologue”, in Katawa Shoujo:" + }, + "decimation": { + "definition": "The killing or punishment of every tenth person, usually by lot.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin decimātiō, a punishment where every 10th man in a unit would be stoned to death by the men who were spared. Used by the Romans to keep order in their military. Compare septimation and vicesimation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decimation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "declamatory": { + "definition": "Pretentiously lofty in style; bombastic.", + "origin": "Equivalent to declaim + -atory.", + "sentence": "Behind him an excitable Frenchman was holding forth in declamatory style to a group of astonished residents.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/declamatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1908, R. Forsythe, “Our Hippopotamus Hunt”, in The Wide World Magazine, volume XX, London: George Newnes, Ltd., page 400:" + }, + "declension": { + "definition": "A way of categorizing nouns, pronouns, or adjectives according to the inflections they receive.", + "origin": "From late Middle English declinson, from Middle French declinaison (Modern French: déclinaison), from Latin dēclīnātiō. Doublet of declination.", + "sentence": "In Latin, 'amicus' belongs to the second declension.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/declension", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "declination": { + "definition": "At a given point, the angle between magnetic north and true north.", + "origin": "From Middle English declinacioun, borrowed from Middle French declination, from Latin declinatio. Doublet of declension.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/declination", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "decurion": { + "definition": "An officer in charge of ten men in the ancient Roman army.", + "origin": "From Latin decuriō.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decurion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "defiant": { + "definition": "Defying.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French défiant, from the verb défier. Doublet of diffident. By surface analysis, def(i) + -ant.", + "sentence": "She paused and took a defiant breath. ‘If you don't believe me, I can't help it.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/defiant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 15, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:" + }, + "deglaciation": { + "definition": "The removal of all glacial land ice from a region, usually by melting.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin dē-der.\nEnglish de-\nEnglish glaciation\nEnglish deglaciation\nFrom de- + glaciation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deglaciation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "déjà vu": { + "definition": "The subjective, unexpected feeling of having experienced something before, especially when that is not the case.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French déjà vu (literally “already seen”), coined by Émile Boirac in Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger, 1876.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%C3%A9j%C3%A0%20vu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "delectable": { + "definition": "Highly pleasing; delightful, especially to any of the senses; delicious.", + "origin": "From Middle English delectable, from Middle French délectable, from Old French delectable, from Medieval Latin delectare (“to delight”). By surface analysis, delect + -able. Piecewise doublet of delightable.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/delectable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "deleterious": { + "definition": "Harmful, often in a subtle or unexpected way.", + "origin": "Adapted borrowing (1640s; 1582 as deletorious) of New Latin dēlētērius, dēlētōrius + -ous, from Ancient Greek δηλητήριος (dēlētḗrios, “noxious, deleterious”), from δηλητήρ (dēlētḗr, “a destroyer”), from δηλέομαι (dēléomai, “I hurt, damage, spoil, waste”). Not related to delete or deleble. Doublet of deletery.", + "sentence": "Or might it suffice him, that every wholesome growth should be converted into something deleterious and malignant at his touch?", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deleterious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “chapter XV”, in The Scarlet Letter:" + }, + "deliquesce": { + "definition": "To melt by absorbing water and disappearing.", + "origin": "From Latin dēliquēscō, from dē- + liquēscō (“to liquefy”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deliquesce", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "deltoidal": { + "definition": "Resembling or shaped like a geometric kite (a deltoid); having the characteristics of a deltoid or pertaining to a polyhedron composed of kite-shaped faces.", + "origin": "From deltoid + -al.", + "sentence": "Each face of the complex Catalan solid exhibits a distinctly deltoidal geometric boundary.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deltoidal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "dementia": { + "definition": "A progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Areas particularly affected include memory, attention, judgement, language and problem solving.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin dē-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *méntis\nProto-Italic *mentis\nLatin mēns\nLatin dēment-\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin dēmentiabor.\nEnglish dementia\nBorrowed from Latin dēmentia.", + "sentence": "In recent years some clinical trials involving potential dementia drugs have had disappointing setbacks.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dementia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018 January 18, Jürgen Götz, “Why it’s so hard to treat dementia”, in CNN:" + }, + "demographics": { + "definition": "The characteristics of human populations for purposes of social studies.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demographics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "demonstrative": { + "definition": "Given to open displays of emotion.", + "origin": "From Middle English demonstratif, from Middle French démonstratif, from Latin dēmōnstrātīvus. Equivalent to demonstrate + -ive.", + "sentence": "He had rather a contempt for demonstrative people, arising from his medical insight into the consequences to health of uncontrolled feeling.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demonstrative", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1865, Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, Wives and Daughters, Chapter III:" + }, + "demulcent": { + "definition": "Soothing or softening.", + "origin": "From Latin dēmulcēns, present active participle of dēmulceō (“to stroke caressingly; to soften, soothe, allure”), from dē- (“from; of”) + mulceō (“to move or touch gently or lightly, to stroke; to make pleasant or sweet; to soften, soothe, alleviate, relieve”).", + "sentence": "I channel vertically under the sheet to hide my blushing neck, muttering demulcent nothings.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demulcent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990, Helen Simpson, “Four Bare Legs in a Bed”, in Four Bare Legs in a Bed: And Other Stories, London: William Heinemann, →ISBN; republished London: Vintage, 1998, →ISBN, page 1:" + }, + "denominator": { + "definition": "The number or expression written below the line in a fraction (such as 2 in ½).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin dē-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥\nProto-Italic *nōmn̥\nLatin nōmen\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin nōminō\nLatin dēnōminō\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nLate Latin dēnōminātorlbor.\nEnglish denominator\nLearned borrowing from Late Latin dēnōminātor (“that which names”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/denominator", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "denticulate": { + "definition": "Finely dentate, as a leaf edge; bearing many small toothlike structures.", + "origin": "First attested in 1661; borrowed from Latin denticulātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/denticulate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "depose": { + "definition": "To interrogate and elicit testimony from during a deposition, typically by a lawyer.", + "origin": "Recorded since c.1300, from Middle English, from Old French deposer, from de- (“down”) + poser (“to put, place”). Deposition (1494 in the legal sense) belongs to deposit, but that related word and depose became thoroughly confused.", + "sentence": "Depose him in the justice of his cause.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/depose", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:" + }, + "depravity": { + "definition": "The state or condition of being depraved; moral debasement.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Depravity in the oppressed is no apology for the oppressor.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/depravity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1850, Herman Melville, chapter 34, in White Jacket, or, The World on a Man-of-War:" + }, + "depreciate": { + "definition": "To lessen in price or estimated value; to lower the worth of.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English depreciaten, borrowed from Late Latin dēpretiātus / dēpreciātus, perfect passive participle of dēpretiō / dēpreciō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē- + pretium (“price”) + -ō.", + "sentence": "To prove that the Americans ought not to be free, we are obliged to depreciate the value of freedom itself.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/depreciate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1 December, 1783, Edmund Burke, speech on Fox's East India Bill:" + }, + "depredation": { + "definition": "An act of consuming agricultural resources (crops, livestock), especially as plunder.", + "origin": "From Middle French déprédation, from Latin depraedatio.", + "sentence": "Depredation of cultivated crops by elephants is widespread in both Africa and Asia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/depredation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation, by R. Sukumar, page 299" + }, + "deprivation": { + "definition": "The act of deposing or divesting of some dignity; in particular the taking away from a clergyman of his benefice, or other spiritual promotion or dignity.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "He had twice incurred a sentence of deprivation of orders, as a subdeacon and as a priest.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deprivation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1913, “Pope Boniface VI”, in Catholic Encyclopedia:" + }, + "derelict": { + "definition": "Of a ship: abandoned at sea; of a spacecraft: abandoned in outer space.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin dē-\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-\nProto-Indo-European *leykʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *linékʷti\nProto-Italic *linkʷō\nLatin linquō\nLatin relinquō\nLatin dērelictusbor.\nEnglish derelict\nThe adjective and verb are a learned borrowing from Latin dērelictus (“(completely) abandoned, deserted, forsaken; discarded”), the perfect passive participle of dērelinquō (“to abandon, desert, forsake; to discard”), from dē- (prefix meaning ‘away from; completely, thoroughly’) + relinquō (“to abandon, desert, forsake, leave (behind); to depart (from); to give up, relinquish”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leykʷ- (“to leave”). Doublet of relict, relic, and relinquish.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.", + "sentence": "There was a derelict ship on the island.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/derelict", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "dihedral": { + "definition": "An angle between two plane surfaces", + "origin": "From di- + -hedral.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dihedral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dilapidated": { + "definition": "Having fallen into a state of disrepair or deterioration, especially through neglect.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "It was a strange scene, the contrasts which met in that large but dilapidated chamber.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dilapidated", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 6:" + }, + "diligence": { + "definition": "Carefulness, in particular, the necessary care appropriate to a particular task or responsibility.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French diligence, from Latin diligentia.", + "sentence": "Who was to say what was \"due diligence?' \"Due diligence\" itself meant nothing.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diligence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1872, The American Law Review, volume VI, page 189:" + }, + "diluent": { + "definition": "That which dilutes.", + "origin": "Latin diluens, from diluere. See dilute.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diluent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dimorphism": { + "definition": "The occurrence in an animal species of two distinct types of individual.", + "origin": "From di- + -morphism.", + "sentence": "This is also done for Dizygopleura landesi Roth and Eukloedenella pontotocensis Lundin, new species, which illustrate domiciliar (kloedenellid) dimorphism.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimorphism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1965, Robert F. Lundin, Bulletin - Issue 108, page 18:" + }, + "dirigible": { + "definition": "A self-propelled airship that can be steered.", + "origin": "From French dirigeable, from ballon dirigeable (“steerable balloon”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dirigible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "discombobulate": { + "definition": "To throw into a state of confusion; to befuddle or perplex.", + "origin": "Fanciful variant of discompose, discomfit, etc., originally discombobricate. The -bob- interfix may come from bobbery, meaning “commotion, noise”. First attested in 1834 in the United States.", + "sentence": "A personal assault by you on me will wake these people up and discombobulate Goldsmith.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/discombobulate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1895, John Kendrick Bangs, “Story-tellers' Night”, in A House-Boat on the Styx, New York: Harper & Brothers, published 1901, page 132:" + }, + "discomfiture": { + "definition": "An emotional state similar to that arising from defeat; frustration, disappointment, perplexity or embarrassment.", + "origin": "From Old French desconfiture (“rout, defeat”); compare French déconfiture.", + "sentence": "Other countries are not so much angry as avid to exploit the discomfiture of the US or the chaos in the region or both.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/discomfiture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 October 22, Jason Burke, “The week the world tried to stop Gaza spinning out of control”, in The Observer, →ISSN:" + }, + "discountenance": { + "definition": "To have an unfavorable opinion of; to deprecate or disapprove of.", + "origin": "From Middle French descontenancer (compare French décontenancer).", + "sentence": "A town meeting was convened to discountenance riot.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/discountenance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1855, George Bancroft, chapter XXX, in History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent, volume V, London: Routledge, page 74:" + }, + "discreetly": { + "definition": "Acting in a discreet manner; acting in a way that respects privacy or secrecy; quietly.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish discreet\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish discreetly\nFrom discreet + -ly.", + "sentence": "Chou had been discreetly glancing at his watch with increasing frequency, so I decided that I should try to bring the session to a close.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/discreetly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1978, Richard Nixon, RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, page 563:" + }, + "discretionary": { + "definition": "Available at one's discretion; able to be used as one chooses; left to or regulated by one's own discretion or judgment.", + "origin": "From discretion + -ary (“pertaining to”). Compare French discrétionnaire.", + "sentence": "A lack of disposable income simply won't allow them much discretionary travel.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/discretionary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020 May 6, Prof. Andrew McNaughton, “Time to challenge some sacred philosophies of recent years”, in Rail, page 32:" + }, + "disembogue": { + "definition": "To come out into the open sea from a river etc.", + "origin": "From Spanish desembocar, from des- + embocar (“run into a creek or strait”), from boca (“mouth”).", + "sentence": "No, no, but you call careening of an old morphewed lady to make her disembogue again – there's roughcast phrase to your plastic.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disembogue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1612-1613, John Webster, The Duchess of Malfi, act II, scene i, lines 36–38:" + }, + "disjunct": { + "definition": "Separate; discontinuous; not connected.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *d(w)is-\nProto-Italic *dis-\nLatin dis-\nOld French des-bor.\n▲\nLatin dis-bor.\nMiddle English dis-\nEnglish dis-\nLatin junctus\nEnglish disjunct\nFrom dis- + Latin junctus (“joined”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disjunct", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Disneyfication": { + "definition": "The act or process whereby something is Disneyfied.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Disney\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -ficātiō\nOld French -ificationbor.\nMiddle English -ificacioun\nEnglish -ification\nEnglish Disneyfication\nFrom Disney + -ification, referring to the American mass media and entertainment conglomerate Disney. Compare earlier Disneyfied and later Disneyfy.", + "sentence": "He may even be having his first doubts about the neon chrome artyfake Disneyfication of America.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Disneyfication", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1959, Lawrence Lipton, The Holy Barbarians, Messner, pages 143–44:" + }, + "disparate": { + "definition": "Composed of inherently different or distinct elements; incongruous.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *d(w)is-\nProto-Italic *dis-\nLatin dis-\nLatin parō\nLatin disparō\nLatin disparātusder.\nMiddle French desparatbor.\n▲\nLatin disparātusbor.\nEnglish disparate\nFirst attested in 1586; either borrowed from Middle French desparat or directly from Latin disparātus, perfect passive participle of disparō (“to divide”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix)), from dis- (“apart”) + parō (“to arrange”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”) and the root *per- (“carry forth”).", + "sentence": "The board of the company was decidedly disparate, with no two members from the same social or economic background.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disparate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "disproportionate": { + "definition": "Not proportionate.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *d(w)is-\nProto-Italic *dis-\nLatin dis-\nOld French des-bor.\n▲\nLatin dis-bor.\nMiddle English dis-\nEnglish dis-\nLatin prōportiōnātusbor.\nEnglish proportionate\nEnglish disproportionate\nFrom dis- + proportionate.", + "sentence": "They faced a disproportionate share of the costs.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disproportionate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "dissemble": { + "definition": "To disguise or conceal something.", + "origin": "First attested in the beginning of the 15th century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English dissemblen, dissimblen, dissemelen, borrowed from Old French dessambler, dissembler, disembler, itself borrowed from Latin dissimulō and modified after sembler, semblance, etc. Doublet of dissimulate, dissimilate, and dissimule. Displaced native Old English mīþan.", + "sentence": "Dissemble all your griefs and discontents.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dissemble", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 35:" + }, + "dissipate": { + "definition": "To drive away, disperse.", + "origin": "The verb is first attested in 1425, in Middle English, the adjective from 1606 to 1765; from Middle English dissipaten, from Latin dissipātus, perfect passive participle of dissipō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), also written dissupō (“to scatter, disperse, demolish, destroy, squander, dissipate”), from dis- (“apart”) + supō (“to throw”). Doublet of dissipe (“to dissipate”), now obsolete.", + "sentence": "The extreme tendency of civilization is to dissipate all intellectual energy.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dissipate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1817, William Hazlitt, The Round Table:" + }, + "dissonance": { + "definition": "A harsh, discordant combination of sounds.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French dissonance, from Latin dissonantia; by surface analysis, dis- + son- + -ance.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dissonance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "distraught": { + "definition": "Deeply hurt, saddened, or worried; incapacitated by distress.", + "origin": "From Middle English distraught, blend of distract (“distracted”) and straught (“stretched, distraught”), past participle of strecchen (“to stretch”). Compare also bestraught, extraught, forstraught, etc. More at distract, stretch.", + "sentence": "His distraught widow cried for days, feeling very alone.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/distraught", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "divestiture": { + "definition": "The process of stripping away an individual's confidence, values and attitudes in order to indoctrinate the individual into an organization.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Divestiture socialisation tries to strip away certain characteristics of the recruit.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/divestiture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009 January 31, Stephen P. Robbins, Organisational behaviour in Southern Africa, Pearson South Africa, page 432:" + }, + "doldrums": { + "definition": "Usually preceded by the: a state of apathy or lack of interest; a situation where one feels boredom, ennui, or tedium; a state of listlessness or malaise.", + "origin": "From obsolete doldrum (“slothful or stupid person”) plus the plural suffix -s. Doldrum is possibly derived from dull or Middle English dold (past participle of dullen, dollen (“to make or become blunt or dull; to make or become dull-witted or stupid; to make or become inactive”), from dul, dol, dolle (“not sharp, blunt, dull; not quick-witted, stupid; lethargic, sluggish”); see further at dull), modelled after tantrum.", + "sentence": "I was in the doldrums yesterday and just didn’t feel inspired.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/doldrums", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "dolma": { + "definition": "Any of a family of stuffed vegetable dishes. The filling generally consists of rice, minced meat or grains, together with onion, herbs and spices.", + "origin": "From Greek ντολμάς (ntolmás) or its etymon, Turkish dolma, from Ottoman Turkish طولمه (dolma), from طولمق (dolmak, “to get full, be filled”). Thus, the word literally means “stuffed thing”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dolma", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dolmen": { + "definition": "A prehistoric megalithic tomb consisting of a capstone supported by two or more upright stones, most having originally been covered with earth or smaller stones to form a barrow.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French dolmen. Perhaps incorrectly fabricated from Breton taol maen (taol (“table”) + maen (“stone”)) (the correct compound would be *taolvaen, not **daolmaen). An alternative theory states the French term derives instead from Cornish tolmen, from toll (“hole”) + men (“stone”); compare the name of the Cornish standing stones Men an Toll. See also menhir.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dolmen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "domesticity": { + "definition": "Life at home; homelife.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish domestic\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish domesticity\nFrom domestic + -ity.", + "sentence": "The Neolithic of 8000 to 6000 B.C. is in the sign of Cancer, a feminine sign associated with domesticity, retentiveness, and sentiment.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/domesticity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 131:" + }, + "domiciled": { + "definition": "Living, residing or (of a company) based (in a particular place).", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/domiciled", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "domineering": { + "definition": "Overbearing, dictatorial or authoritarian.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/domineering", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dopamine": { + "definition": "A monoamine C₈H₁₁NO₂ that is a decarboxylated form of dopa, present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including adrenalin.", + "origin": "From DOPA (“dihydroxyphenylalanine”) + -amine. Etymologically unrelated to dope.", + "sentence": "Epinephrine and dopamine are two other catecholamine transmitters.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dopamine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1988, Lubert Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd edition, page 1025:" + }, + "Dorking": { + "definition": "A market town, the seat of Mole Valley district, Surrey, England (OS grid ref TQ1649).", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dorking", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dowager": { + "definition": "A widow holding property or title derived from her late husband.", + "origin": "From Middle French douagere, douagiere, from douage (“dower”), from the verb douer (“to endow”), from Latin dōtō (“to endow”), from dōs (“dowry”).", + "sentence": "A reclusive dowager owned the pastures across the river, and her farmhands ran beef cattle on them.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dowager", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "dowdy": { + "definition": "Lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby.", + "origin": "First appears c. 1581. Origin uncertain, probably literally \"little poorly dressed woman,\" formed from doue, \"poorly dressed woman\". Possibly also related to the Scots dow, meaning to \"fade\".", + "sentence": "She's rather dowdy, is she not?", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dowdy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020 December 25, Chris Van Dusen, “Diamond of the First Water”, in Bridgerton, season 1, episode 1, spoken by Lady Portia Featherington:" + }, + "dromic": { + "definition": "Relating to a dromos or racecourse.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dromic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "druid": { + "definition": "One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French druide, from Old French, via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally either “oak-knower” or “firm knower, great sage”), from either Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) or *drew- (“solid, firm, hard”) and *weyd- (“to see, to have knowledge”) (whence also English wizard; Proto-Slavic *vědьma (> Russian ве́дьма (védʹma))).\nThe earliest record of the term in Latin is by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for \"druid\" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). Cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/druid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "drumlin": { + "definition": "An elongated hill or ridge of glacial drift.", + "origin": "From Irish droim (“back, ridge”) + English diminutive suffix -lin (“variant of -ling”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/drumlin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "du jour": { + "definition": "Of the day; prepared for the day in question", + "origin": "Borrowed from French du jour (literally “of the day”).", + "sentence": "The soup du jour is French onion.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/du%20jour", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "duchy": { + "definition": "A dominion or region ruled by a duke or duchess.", + "origin": "From Middle English duche, from Anglo-Norman duché, from Old French duc, or from Medieval Latin ducātus, from Latin dux. Doublet of ducat and dogate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/duchy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "duplicitous": { + "definition": "Given to or marked by deliberate deceptiveness in behavior or speech.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish duplicity\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish duplicitous\nFrom duplicity + -ous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/duplicitous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dysgraphia": { + "definition": "A language disorder that affects a person's ability to write.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dews-?\nProto-Indo-European *dus-\nProto-Hellenic *dus-\nAncient Greek δῠσ- (dŭs-)der.\nNew Latin dys-der.\nEnglish dys-\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γρᾰ́φω (grắphō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek γραφή (graphḗ)\nAncient Greek -γρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (-grăphĭ́ā)lbor.\nEnglish -graphia\nEnglish dysgraphia\nFrom dys- + -graphia. First attested in 1892.", + "sentence": "Students with dysgraphia have severe problems learning to write.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dysgraphia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997, Sharon Vaughn, Candace S. Bos, Jeanne Shay Schumm, Teaching Students who are Exceptional, Diverse, and At Risk in the General Education Classroom, published 2007, page 390:" + }, + "dyspeptic": { + "definition": "Irritable or morose.", + "origin": "First attested in 1694. From Ancient Greek δύσπεπτος (dúspeptos, “difficult to digest”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + πέπτω (péptō, “to digest”).", + "sentence": "He was a sallow, dyspeptic man, with a premature shock of grey hair, attached to the stage as an occupation but not a vocation.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dyspeptic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1950, Norman Lindsay, Dust or Polish?, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 23:" + }, + "dystopia": { + "definition": "A miserable, dysfunctional state or society that has a very poor standard of living or severe censorship, oppression, etc.", + "origin": "From dys- + -topia, as if from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + τόπος (tópos, “place, region”) + -ία (-ía), based on utopia being reinterpreted as eu-topia.", + "sentence": "It was like some sort of futuristic dystopia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dystopia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 December 11, Megan Willett-Wei, “The 16 Most Disappointing Places To Visit On Earth”, in Business Insider:" + }, + "epidermis": { + "definition": "The outer, protective layer of the skin of vertebrates.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin epidermis, from Ancient Greek ἐπιδερμίς (epidermís), ἐπί (epí, “on top of”) + δέρμα (dérma, “skin”). Equivalent to epi- + dermis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epidermis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "exodus": { + "definition": "A sudden departure of a large number of people.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs\nProto-Hellenic *eks\nAncient Greek ἐκ (ek)\nAncient Greek ἐξ- (ex-)\nProto-Indo-European *sed-der.\nProto-Indo-European *sodós?\nProto-Hellenic *hodós\nAncient Greek ὁδός (hodós)\nAncient Greek ἔξοδος (éxodos)der.\nLatin exodusder.\nEnglish exodus\nFrom Latin exodus, from Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (éxodos, “expedition, procession, departure”). Doublet of exodos.\nFrom late Old English only as a proper noun, Exodus, the biblical book; use as a common noun is from the early 17th century.", + "sentence": "Further, rural exodus, especially among young generations who refuse to engage themselves in hard, misremunerated agricultural work, is also a cause of the current crisis.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exodus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1989, African Study Monographs - Volume 10, page 6:" + }, + "epidural": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the space immediately outside the dura mater.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épi\nProto-Hellenic *epí\nAncient Greek ἐπί (epí)\nAncient Greek ἐπῐ- (epĭ-)der.\nEnglish epi-\nEnglish dura\nEnglish -al\nEnglish dural\nEnglish epidural\nFrom epi- + dural.", + "sentence": "Epidural anesthesia is commonly used for pain relief during childbirth.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epidural", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "exogenous": { + "definition": "Produced or originating outside of the referent organism.", + "origin": "From exo- + -genous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exogenous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "episcopal": { + "definition": "Of or relating to the affairs of a bishop in various Christian churches.", + "origin": "From Middle English episcopal, from Late Latin episcopālis, from Latin episcopus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “watchman, overseer”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/episcopal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "exorbitant": { + "definition": "Exceeding proper limits; excessive or unduly high; extravagant.", + "origin": "From Middle English exorbitant, through Old French from Late Latin exorbitāns, present active participle of exorbitō (“to go out of the track”), from ex (“out”) + orbita (“wheel-track”); see orbit. Compare French exorbitant.", + "sentence": "It’s a nice car, but they are charging an exorbitant price for it.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exorbitant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "epithet": { + "definition": "A term used to characterize a person or thing.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épi\nProto-Hellenic *epí\nAncient Greek ἐπί (epí)\nAncient Greek ἐπῐ- (epĭ-)\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τῐ́θημῐ (tĭ́thēmĭ)\nAncient Greek ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi)\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Hellenic *-tós\nAncient Greek -τος (-tos)\nAncient Greek ἐπίθετος (epíthetos)\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nAncient Greek ἐπίθετον (epítheton)lbor.\nLatin epithetonder.\nMiddle French épithèteder.\nEnglish epithet\nFrom Middle French épithète, from Latin epithetum, epitheton, from Ancient Greek ἐπίθετον (epítheton, “epithet, adjective”), the neuter of ἐπίθετος (epíthetos, “additional”), from ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi, “to add on”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “in addition”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put”) (suf. possibly related to title in the sense of \"ascribed appellation\") (from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, to do”)). Doublet of epitheton.", + "sentence": "She would lean her head for hours on Beatrice's shoulder, only now and then applying to her some childish and endearing epithet.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epithet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VII, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 130:" + }, + "expatiate": { + "definition": "To write or speak at length; to be copious in argument or discussion.", + "origin": "From the participle stem of Latin expatior, from ex- + spatior (“walk about”).", + "sentence": "Now, as the business of standing mast-heads, ashore or afloat, is a very ancient and interesting one, let us in some measure expatiate here.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expatiate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Mast-head”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 203:" + }, + "epitome": { + "definition": "The embodiment or encapsulation of a class of items.", + "origin": "From Middle French, from Latin epitomē, from Ancient Greek ἐπιτομή (epitomḗ, “an abridgment, also a surface-incision”), from ἐπιτέμνω (epitémnō, “to cut upon the surface, cut short, abridge”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “up”) + τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”).", + "sentence": "This is a poore Epitome of yours, / Which by th'interpretation of full time, / May ſhew like all your ſelfe.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epitome", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v], page 27:" + }, + "expectorant": { + "definition": "An agent or drug used to cause or induce the expulsion of phlegm from the lungs.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish expectorate\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin -āns\nOld French -antbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nProto-Germanic *-ndz\nProto-West Germanic *-andī\nOld English -ende\nMiddle English -ant\nEnglish -ant\nEnglish expectorant\nFrom expectorate + -ant.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expectorant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "epoch": { + "definition": "A specific instant in time, chosen as the point of reference or zero value of a system that involves identifying instants of time.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin epocha, from Ancient Greek ἐποχή (epokhḗ, “a check, cessation, stop, pause, epoch of a star, i.e., the point at which it seems to halt after reaching the highest, and generally the place of a star; hence, a historical epoch”), from ἐπέχω (epékhō, “to hold in, check”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + ἔχω (ékhō, “to have, hold”). Doublet of epoche.", + "sentence": "There are two major epoch times associated with most timestamps: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 and 1601-01-01 00:00:00.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epoch", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016, Preston Miller, Chapin Bryce, Learning Python for Forensics, Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 281:" + }, + "expostulate": { + "definition": "To protest or remonstrate; to reason earnestly with a person on some impropriety of conduct [(often) with with].", + "origin": "From Latin expostulō (“demand, claim”) + -ate (verb-forming suffix). By surface analysis, ex- + postulate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expostulate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "equilibrium": { + "definition": "Mental balance.", + "origin": "From Latin aequilībrium, from equal + lībra (“balance”).", + "sentence": "This is gonna mess up my equilibrium.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/equilibrium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020, The Eric Andre Show, season 5, episode 6:" + }, + "expugnable": { + "definition": "Able to be possessed or overcome.", + "origin": "Latin expugnabilis.", + "sentence": "Harriet, flattered, wondered if, among the young, expugnable officers who took her out, Edwina could ever find one she would wish to marry.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expugnable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1977, Olivia Manning, The Danger Tree (The Levant Trilogy; 1), London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson:" + }, + "equinox": { + "definition": "One of two times in the year (one in March and the other in September) when the length of the day and the night are equal, which occurs when the sun is directly overhead at the equator; this marks the beginning of spring in one hemisphere and autumn in the other.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *nókʷts\nFrom Middle English equinox, equinoxe, equynox (“one of the two periods in the year when the day and night are of equal length, equinox; either the zodiac sign Aries or Libra, in which the sun crosses the celestial equator”), from Old French equinoce, equinoxe (modern French équinoxe), or from its etymon Medieval Latin ēquinoxium, ēquinoctium, from Latin aequinoctium (“equinox”), from aequus (“equal”) + nox (“night”) (ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (“night”)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The Latin word, ultimately adopted in Middle English and modern English, displaced Old English efnniht (modern English evennight).\nThe rare alternative plural form equinoctes treats equinox as if it were a Latin word; the plural of Latin nox (“night”) is noctēs.", + "sentence": "The word equinox is generally taken to refer to the days when, at every point on the earth, day and night are of equal length.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/equinox", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Clive [L. N.] Ruggles, “Equinoxes”, in Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 148:" + }, + "expunge": { + "definition": "To erase or strike out.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der.\nProto-Italic *pungō\nLatin pungō\nLatin expungerelbor.\nEnglish expunge\nLearned borrowing from Latin expungere.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expunge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "equivalent": { + "definition": "Similar or identical in value, meaning or effect; virtually equal.", + "origin": "From Latin aequivalentem, accusative singular of aequivalēns, present active participle of aequivaleō (“to be equivalent, have equal power”). By surface analysis, equi- + -valent.\nMostly displaced native Middle English efenmete (See evenmete).", + "sentence": "To burn calories, a thirty-minute jog is equivalent to a couple of hamburgers.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/equivalent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "exsect": { + "definition": "To cut out or away; to remove by exsection.", + "origin": "From Latin exseco.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exsect", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "equivocate": { + "definition": "To speak using double meaning; to speak ambiguously, unclearly or doubtfully, with intent to deceive; to vacillate in one's answers, responding with equivoques.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English equivocaten, from Medieval Latin aequivocātus, perfect passive participle of aequivocō (“to be called by the same name”), from Late Latin aequivocus (“ambiguous, equivocal”). Compare French équivoque.", + "sentence": "All that Garnet had to say for him was that he supposed he meant to equivocate.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/equivocate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1687, Edward Stillingfleet, The Unreasonableness of Separation: Or, An Impartial Account of the History, Nature and Pleas of the Present Separation from the Communion of the Church of England:" + }, + "extant": { + "definition": "Still in existence; not having disappeared.", + "origin": "First attested in 1545, from Latin extantem, extāns, present participle of extō (“to stand out, exist, be extant”), from ex- (“out”) + stō (“stand”).", + "sentence": "There are many narrow-gauge systems still extant.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1948 May and June, J. Macartney Robbins, “A Railway Tour of Ireland”, in Railway Magazine, page 150:" + }, + "eradicate": { + "definition": "To destroy completely; to reduce to nothing radically; to put an end to.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *wréh₂ds\nFrom Middle English eradicaten (“to eradicate”), from eradicat(e) (“eradicated”, past participle of eradicaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin ērādīcātus, the perfect passive participle of ērādīcō (“to uproot, root out; to anihilate, eradicate”), from ē- (“out”) + rādīx (“root”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). See also radish.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eradicate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "extemporaneous": { + "definition": "With inadequate preparation or without advance thought; offhand.", + "origin": "From Late Latin extemporāneus, from Latin ex tempore (“impromptu”).", + "sentence": "“Who the devil is there in Ramilly County,” muttered Amory aloud, “who would deliver Verlaine in an extemporaneous tune to a soaking haystack?”", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extemporaneous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1920 April, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, “Young Irony”, in This Side of Paradise, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, book II (The Education of a Personage), page 241:" + }, + "ermine": { + "definition": "A weasel found in northern latitudes (Mustela erminea in Eurasia, Alaska, and the Arctic, Mustela haidarum in Haida Gwaii, Mustela richardsonii in the rest of North America); its dark brown fur turns white in winter, apart from the black tip of the tail.", + "origin": "From Middle English ermine, ermin, ermyn, from Old French ermin, ermine, hermine.\nThere are two main theories for the origin of Old French ermine. Germanic origin is suggested via Old Dutch *harmino (“stoat skin”), from *harmo (“stoat, weasel”) (compare Dutch hermelijn and dialectal herm), from Proto-Germanic *harmǭ, *harmô (compare Old English hearma, Old High German harmo (harmin (adjective), obsolete German Harm), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱormō (compare Romansh carmun, obsolete Lithuanian šarmuõ). Romance sources identify the animal with the corresponding word for Armenian, possibly from Medieval Latin mūs Armenius (“Armenian mouse”) or a posterior compound.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ermine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "extrapolate": { + "definition": "To infer by extending known information.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Indo-European *-teros\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰsteros\nProto-Italic *eksteros\nLatin exter\nLatin extrā\nEnglish extra-\nEnglish (inter)polate\nEnglish extrapolate\nFrom extra- + (inter)polate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extrapolate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "errata": { + "definition": "An added page in a printed work where errors which are discovered after printing and their corrections (corrigenda) are listed.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin errāta (“mistaken things, mistakes”), neuter plural of errātus (“mistaken”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/errata", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "extravasate": { + "definition": "Outside of a vessel.", + "origin": "From Latin extra (“out-”) + Latin vas (“vessel”) + -ate (adjective forming suffix).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extravasate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "erroneous": { + "definition": "Containing an error; inaccurate.", + "origin": "From late Middle English erroneous, from Middle French erroneux, from Latin erroneus.", + "sentence": "His answer to the sum was erroneous.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/erroneous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "extrorse": { + "definition": "Of anthers: dehiscing outwards from the center of the flower.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extrorse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "erstwhile": { + "definition": "Former, previous.", + "origin": "From erst (“first, formerly”) + while.", + "sentence": "As an aftermath of the erstwhile competition between companies, 41 goods depots served the Liverpool and Birkenhead docks in 1923.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/erstwhile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1964 November, P. F. Winding, “Re-shaping the LMR's North Western Line - 2”, in Modern Railways, page 343:" + }, + "ebullience": { + "definition": "A boiling or bubbling up; an ebullition.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin ēbullientem + English -ence (suffix meaning ‘having the state or condition of’). Ēbullientem is the accusative feminine or masculine singular of ēbulliēns (“boiling”), the present participle of ēbulliō (“to boil”) (from ē- (prefix meaning ‘out, away’) + bulliō (“to bubble; to boil”) (from bulla (“bubble; bubble-shaped object”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to blow; to inflate”))) + -ēns.", + "sentence": "It bulbs the sun body with its ebullience.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ebullience", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1878 November, Hugh Smith Carpenter, “Nature’s Travail and Testimony”, in I[saac] K[aufmann] Funk, editor, The Preacher and the Homiletic Monthly, volume III, number 2, New York, N.Y.; London: Funk & Wagnalls Company, →OCLC, page 68, column 1:" + }, + "erubescent": { + "definition": "Red; reddish.", + "origin": "18th century. From Latin erubescens, present participle of erubescere (“to grow red”); e (“out”) + rubescere. See rubescent. By surface analysis, e- + Latin rub(eō) + -escent.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/erubescent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ectoplasm": { + "definition": "A visible substance believed to emanate from the body of a spiritualistic medium during communication with the dead.", + "origin": "From ecto- (“outside”) + plasm or -plasm, referring to the fact that ectoplasm is believed to emanate from and materialize outside of the medium's body.", + "sentence": "Watching as the woman lifted her skirts and flung out ectoplasm, expelled it into a bowl, then brandished it around at her audience wildly.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ectoplasm", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021, Jenni Fagan, Luckenbooth, William Heinemann, page 131:" + }, + "eructation": { + "definition": "The act of belching, of expelling gas from the stomach through the mouth.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin ērūctātiōnem, accusative of ērūctātiō (“a belching forth, burp”), from ērūctāre (“to belch, burp”). Compare Middle English eructuacioun (“belching, burp”), borrowed from the same root.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eructation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "escarpment": { + "definition": "A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge; ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent hostile approach.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French escarpement. By surface analysis, escarp + -ment.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/escarpment", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Edenic": { + "definition": "Of or suggesting Eden, the paradise of the Bible.", + "origin": "From Eden + -ic.", + "sentence": "Our understanding of the Edenic motif in American fiction stems largely from its articulation by three primary critics — R.W.B.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Edenic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999, Robert W. Hamblin; Charles A. Peek, editors, A William Faulkner Encyclopedia, →ISBN, page 111:" + }, + "eschew": { + "definition": "To avoid; to shun, to shy away from.", + "origin": "From Middle English eschewen, from Anglo-Norman eschiver, (third-person present eschiu), from Frankish *skiuhijan (“to dread, shun, avoid”); thus a doublet of skew.\nFor the pronunciation with /ʃ/, compare the development of marshal from Middle English marschal (/marsˈt͡ʃaːl/) or Middle English myssheve, variant of myschef (“hardship”). Variants in /sk/ are either from unattested Middle English *eskewen (from Old Northern French eskiver; compare skew) or are spelling pronunciations.\nSee also French esquiver.", + "sentence": "What cannot be eschew'd must be embrac'd.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eschew", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):" + }, + "educand": { + "definition": "Someone who is to be, or is being educated", + "origin": "From Latin educandus (“that which is to be educated”), future passive participle of educo (“educate”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/educand", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "espousal": { + "definition": "A betrothal.", + "origin": "From Middle English espousal, espousaille, from Old French espousailles, from Latin sponsalia (“a betrothal”), neuter plural of sponsalis, from spōnsus (“one betrothed, a spouse”); see spouse. By surface analysis, espouse + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/espousal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "efface": { + "definition": "To erase (as anything impressed or inscribed upon a surface); to render illegible or indiscernible.", + "origin": "From Middle French effacer (“erase”), from Old French esfacier (“remove the face”).", + "sentence": "Do not efface what I've written on the chalkboard.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/efface", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "estuary": { + "definition": "A coastal water body where ocean tides and river water merge, resulting in a brackish water zone.", + "origin": "From Latin aestuarium (“creek”, “estuary of a river”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/estuary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "effervescent": { + "definition": "Vivacious and enthusiastic.", + "origin": "From Latin effervescentem, from effervescere, from ex- + fervescere, from fervere. By surface analysis, ef- + Latin ferv- + -escent.", + "sentence": "\"It is rarely in human life,\" rejoined Douglas, \"we realize the inimitable paintings our imaginations form, and less so during the effervescent period of youth.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/effervescent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter XVII, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 223:" + }, + "ethanol": { + "definition": "Specifically, this form of alcohol as a fuel.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-der.\nProto-Hellenic *áitʰō\nAncient Greek αἴθω (aíthō)\n▲\nAncient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr)influ.?\nAncient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr)der.\nLatin aethērbor.\nGerman Äther\nGerman Ether\nProto-Indo-European *swel-der.?\nAncient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der.\nGerman -yl\nGerman Ethylbor.\nEnglish ethyl\nAkkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.\nAramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.\nArabic كُحْل (kuḥl)\nAndalusian Arabic كُحُول (kuḥūl)bor.\nMedieval Latin alcoholbor.\nMiddle English alcofol\nEnglish alcohol\n▲\nEnglish ethyl\nEnglish eth-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānusder.\nEnglish -ane\nEnglish ethane\n▲\nEnglish alcohol\nEnglish -ol\nEnglish ethanol\nContracted from ethyl + alcohol. Ethyl is from Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “ether”), influenced by German Äthyl. May be decomposed as ethane + -ol.", + "sentence": "In 2007, not one drop of ethanol was produced in Ohio.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ethanol", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010 January 26, Ted Strickland, Ohio State of the State Address, 05:25–39" + }, + "efflux": { + "definition": "The process of flowing out.", + "origin": "From Latin effluxus, from effluō (“flow out or away”), from ex (“out of, from”) + fluō (“flow”). See also effluxion.", + "sentence": "We all age through the efflux of time.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/efflux", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "effraction": { + "definition": "A bone fracture where the bone breaks the surface of the skin.", + "origin": "From French effraction from Latin effractura.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/effraction", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "effusive": { + "definition": "Gushy; unrestrained, extravagant or excessive (in emotional expression).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin effūsīvus, 1660s.", + "sentence": "While he is reasonably effusive about inter-city travel, he is heavily disparaging of all types of stopping service, including those on otherwise busy main lines.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/effusive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 March 8, Gareth Dennis, “The Reshaping of things to come...”, in RAIL, number 978, page 47:" + }, + "eucrasia": { + "definition": "A condition of harmony or balance among the basic components or humours.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek εὐκρᾶσις (eukrâsis), like eucrasis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eucrasia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "eggcorn": { + "definition": "A word or phrase that sounds like and is mistakenly used in a seemingly logical or plausible way for another word or phrase either on its own or as part of a set expression", + "origin": "Suggested by British-American linguist Geoffrey K. Pullum following a discussion on the Language Log website on September 23, 2003, by American linguist Mark Liberman, about a woman who had long believed the word acorn to be egg corn.", + "sentence": "Far from being simple goofs, an eggcorn provides a glimpse into everyday thought processes.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eggcorn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006 March 1, Mark Peters, “Word watch: The eggcorn: A funny little poem and symptom of human intelligence and creativity”, in Psychology Today, archived from the original on 24 May 2016:" + }, + "euphonious": { + "definition": "Of sounds, especially speech: demonstrating or possessing euphony; agreeable to the ear; pleasant-sounding.", + "origin": "From euphonical + -ous (suffix forming adjectives denoting possession or presence of a quality, commonly in abundance). Euphonical is derived from euphonic + -al (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’); with euphonic from euphony + -ic (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’), and euphony borrowed from French euphonie, from Ancient Greek εὐφωνία (euphōnía), from εὐ- (eu-, prefix meaning ‘good, well’) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound; (human) voice; discourse, speech”) (from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to say, speak”)) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns).", + "sentence": "It isn't a bit euphonious, and is no excuse in the world for your kicking up such a row, you know.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/euphonious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1892, Richard Dowling, “The Deserted House”, in Catmur’s Caves or The Quality of Mercy, London; Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, →OCLC, page 223:" + }, + "egress": { + "definition": "An exit or way out.", + "origin": "From Latin ēgressus, from ex- + gressus, literally “out-way”.", + "sentence": "The window provides an egress in the event of an emergency.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/egress", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "europium": { + "definition": "A metallic chemical element (symbol Eu) with an atomic number of 63.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French europium, from Europe + -ium.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/europium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "El Niño": { + "definition": "An invasion of warm water into the surface of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru and Ecuador, the positive phase of the multi-year ENSO cycle, which causes changes in local and regional climate.", + "origin": "From Spanish El Niño (literally “The Little Boy”), used by South American fishermen in the 17th century, referring to the Christ child, as the phenomenon is observed around Christmas time.", + "sentence": "Additionally, scientists aren’t expecting to be surprised again by El Niño, a warming of the Pacific Ocean that tends to dampen Atlantic hurricane activity.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/El%20Ni%C3%B1o", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 May 23, Houston Chronicle:" + }, + "eustress": { + "definition": "A healthful, stimulating kind and level of stress.", + "origin": "From eu- + stress, coined by contrast with distress, as if interpreting the latter as dys- + stress.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eustress", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "embolus": { + "definition": "An obstruction causing an embolism: a blood clot, air bubble or other matter carried by the bloodstream and causing a blockage or occlusion of a blood vessel.", + "origin": "The term was coined in 1848 by Rudolf Virchow From Latin embolus (“piston”), from Ancient Greek ἔμβολος (émbolos, “peg, stopper”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/embolus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "embryo": { + "definition": "In the reproductive cycle, the stage after the fertilization of the egg that precedes the development into a fetus.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin embryō, from Ancient Greek ἔμβρυον (émbruon, “fetus”), from ἐν (en, “in-”) + βρύω (brúō, “to grow, swell”).", + "sentence": "They include cells that would typically go on to develop a yolk sac, a placenta and the embryo itself.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/embryo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 June 14, Brenda Goodman, “Scientists report creation of first human synthetic model embryos”, in CNN:" + }, + "emeritus": { + "definition": "Retired, but retaining an honorific version of a previous title.", + "origin": "The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin ēmeritus (“(having been) earned, (having been) merited; (having been) served, having done one’s service”), the perfect passive participle of ēmereō (“to earn, merit; to gain by service; (military) to complete one’s obligation to serve, to serve out one’s time”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + mereō (“to deserve, merit; to acquire, earn, get, obtain; to render service to; to serve”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (“to allot; to assign”)).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective. The plural form emeriti is borrowed from Latin ēmeritī.", + "sentence": "An emeritus professorship of obstetrics.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emeritus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1837, Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New-York, Albany, N.Y.: […] Croswell, van Benthusyen and Burt, page 38:" + }, + "evanescent": { + "definition": "Of a number or value: diminishing to the point of reaching zero as a limit; infinitesimal.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French évanescent (“evanescent”), from Latin ēvānēscēns (“disappearing, vanishing”), present participle of ēvānēscō (“to disappear, vanish; to die out, fade away; to lapse”), from ē- (variant of ex- (prefix meaning ‘away, out’)) + vānēscō (“to vanish”) (from vānus (“empty, vacant, void”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to abandon, leave”)) + -ēscō (suffix forming verbs with the sense ‘to become’)).", + "sentence": "The Velocities of evaneſcent Increments?", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/evanescent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1734, [George Berkeley], The Analyst; or, A Discourse Addressed to an Infidel Mathematician. […], London: Printed for J[acob] Tonson […], →OCLC, section XXXV, page 59:" + }, + "eminent": { + "definition": "Noteworthy, remarkable, great.", + "origin": "From Middle French éminent, from Latin present participle ēminēns, ēminentis, from verb ēmineō (“to project, protrude”), from ex- (“out of, from”) + mineō, related to mons (English mount). Compare with imminent. Unrelated to emanate, which is instead from mānō (“to flow”). Displaced native Old English deal.", + "sentence": "His eminent good sense has been a godsend to this project.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eminent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "emissary": { + "definition": "An agent sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else.", + "origin": "From French émissaire, from Latin emissarius (“agent, scout, spy”).", + "sentence": "The small group around Ch’en Tu-hsiu that had remained at headquarters hastily sent an emissary—Chang Kuo-t’ao—to Nanch’ang.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emissary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1958, Conrad Brandt, “A Defeat out of Victory and a Devil out of the Machine”, in Stalin's Failure in China, 1924–1927, number 31, Cambridge, Mass.: Russian Research Center, Harvard University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 143:" + }, + "evzone": { + "definition": "An infantryman of a select corps of the Greek army.", + "origin": "From Greek εύζωνος (évzonos), from Ancient Greek εὔζωνος (eúzōnos, “girt for battle”), from εὖ (eû, “well”) + ζώνη (zṓnē, “girdle”).", + "sentence": "That's an evzone on our cover this month — and an evzone, as you probably know, is a Greek soldier of a certain kind.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/evzone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1953 April, “Our Cover”, in The Rotarian, page 4:" + }, + "emulsify": { + "definition": "To make into an emulsion.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emulsify", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ewer": { + "definition": "A kind of widemouthed pitcher or jug with a shape like a vase and a handle, and originally used for carrying water.", + "origin": "From Middle English ewer, from Anglo-Norman or Old French ewer, eawer (modern French évier), from Latin aquārium, from aqua (“water”). Doublet of aquarium.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ewer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "en masse": { + "definition": "In a single body or group; as one, together.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French en masse (literally “in [a] mass”).", + "sentence": "Goh Siew Tin was President) en masse attended the funeral.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en%20masse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1923, Song Ong Siang, “The Fifth Decade (1859–69)”, in One Hundred Years’ History of the Chinese in Singapore: […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 144:" + }, + "ex libris": { + "definition": "A bookplate that identifies the owner of the book into which it is pasted.", + "origin": "From Latin ex librīs (“from the books [of]”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ex%20libris", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ensconced": { + "definition": "Settled comfortably.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Ensconced, each in a large fauteuil, wrapped in loose, white dressing-gowns, the hair only gathered with a single riband, sat the two friends.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ensconced", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “A Late Breakfast”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 72:" + }, + "excelsior": { + "definition": "Onward; a rallying cry for progress.", + "origin": "From Latin excelsior, comparative of excelsus (“high”). The name of the stuffing material was originally a trademark. As an exclamation, originating in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem Excelsior (1841), based on the New York state motto. Popularized in the comic book fandom by Marvel Comics editor Stan Lee, who chose the term to sign off his columns as it was an obscure term and would confound competing publishers who imitated his style.", + "sentence": "The bishops cried: \"Excelsior!\" But the archbishop: \"Stay!\"", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/excelsior", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1894, May Emma Goldworth Kendall, Songs from Dreamland, page 69:" + }, + "entente": { + "definition": "An informal alliance or friendly understanding between two states.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French entente (“understanding”). Doublet of intent.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entente", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "excision": { + "definition": "The removal of some text during editing.", + "origin": "From Middle French excision, from Latin excīsiō(n).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/excision", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "execrable": { + "definition": "Hateful, disgusting.", + "origin": "From Old French execrable, from Latin execrabilis.", + "sentence": "But is an enemy so execrable, that, though in captivity, his wishes and comforts are to be disregarded and even crossed?", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/execrable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1779, Jefferson, letter to Patrick Henry written on March 27" + }, + "epenthesis": { + "definition": "The insertion of a phoneme, letter, or syllable into a word, usually to satisfy the phonological constraints of a language or poetic context.", + "origin": "Middle of 16th century: via Late Latin, from Ancient Greek ἐπένθεσις (epénthesis), from ἐπεντίθημι (epentíthēmi, “to insert”), from ἐπί (epí) + ἐντίθημι (entíthēmi, “to put in”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put, place”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epenthesis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "exeunt": { + "definition": "A stage direction for more than one actor to leave the stage.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin exeunt (“they leave”), the third-person plural present active indicative of exeō (“leave”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exeunt", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "epicurean": { + "definition": "Pursuing pleasure, especially in reference to food or comfort.", + "origin": "From Epicurean (“follower of Epicureanism”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epicurean", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "exiguous": { + "definition": "Scanty; meager.", + "origin": "From Latin exiguus (“strict, exact”), from exigere (“to measure against a standard”).", + "sentence": "The herdboy in the broom, already musical in the days of Father Chaucer, startles (and perhaps pains) the lark with this exiguous pipe.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exiguous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1889, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Wrong Box ch XIII:" + }, + "facile": { + "definition": "Effortless, fluent (of work, abilities etc.).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French facile, from Latin facilis (“easy to do, easy, doable”), from Latin facere (“to do, make”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put”) Compare Spanish and Portuguese fácil (“easy”), Catalan fàcil, Romanian facil. First use appears c. 1484 in a translation by William Caxton.", + "sentence": "Her writing was facile and articulate.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/facile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "factitious": { + "definition": "Created by humans; artificial.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin factītius (“artificial”), alternative form of factīcius, from faciō (“to make, do”). Doublet of fetish.", + "sentence": "Manners are partly factitious, but, mainly, there must be capacity for culture in the blood.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/factitious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1860, Emerson, “Conduct of life”, in Behavior:" + }, + "farcical": { + "definition": "Resembling a farce; ludicrous; absurd.", + "origin": "From farce + -ical, after comical etc.", + "sentence": "In August the generals won approval for the document in a referendum made farcical by a law which forbade campaigners from criticising the text.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/farcical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017 January 14, “Thailand's new king rejects the army's proposed constitution”, in The Economist:" + }, + "fardel": { + "definition": "An English unit of land area variously understood as the fourth part of an oxgang or of a yardland.", + "origin": "A clipped form of Middle English ferthendel (literally “fourth part”), equivalent to fourth + deal. Cognate with Dutch vierendeel (“a fourth part, quarter”), German Viertel (“a quarter, fourth”), Danish fjerdedel (“a quarter”), Swedish fjärdedel (“a fourth, quarter”).", + "sentence": "Fardel of Land, the fourth part of a Yard-land.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fardel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1706, Phillips's New World of Words:" + }, + "farina": { + "definition": "A fine flour or meal made from cereal grains or from the starch or fecula of vegetables, extracted by various processes, and used in cookery.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin farīna (“flour, meal”), from far (“kind of grain”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/farina", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "farkleberry": { + "definition": "A species of Vaccinium (Vaccinium arboreum) native to the southeastern United States, from southern Virginia west to southeastern Missouri, and south to Florida and eastern Texas, and taking the form of a shrub (rarely a small tree) growing to 3-5 m (rarely 9 m) tall.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/farkleberry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Farsi": { + "definition": "Iranian Persian, as opposed to Dari (Afghan Persian) and Tajik (Tajik Persian).", + "origin": "Apparently first used widely in English in the late 1960s or early 1970s. From Persian فارسی (fârsi), meaning \"relating to Fars\", the Arabicized form of the name of the province of Pars (Early New Persian پَارْس (pārs)) which was adopted in Iran following the Arab conquest of Persia in the 7th century. The sense for the hijra argot is from Hindi फ़ारसी (fārsī) from the same word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Farsi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "farthingale": { + "definition": "A hooped structure in cloth worn to extend the skirt of women's dresses; a hooped petticoat.", + "origin": "Hobson-Jobson of earlier forms vardingale, etc., borrowed from Middle French verdugale, from Spanish verdugado, from verdugo (“rod”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/farthingale", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fatuously": { + "definition": "With smug stupidity or vacuous silliness; idiotically.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish fatuous\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish fatuously\nFrom fatuous + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fatuously", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fealty": { + "definition": "Fidelity to one's lord or master; the feudal obligation by which the tenant or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English feaute, feute, from Anglo-Norman fëauté, fëuté, from Latin fidēlitās (“faithfulness”; “homage, fealty” in Medieval Latin), from fidēlis (“faithful”) + -tās (noun suffix); the modern form (for expected *feauty /ˈfjuːti/) is due to learned influence. Equivalent to obsolete feal + -ty. Doublet of fidelity.", + "sentence": "I doubt whether the most devoted fidelity would bear strict examination as to the short reposes even the most entire fealty permits itself.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fealty", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VI, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 111:" + }, + "feckless": { + "definition": "Lacking purpose.", + "origin": "From Scots feckless, variant of Scots fectless (“ineffectual”) (an aphetic variant of effectless), equivalent to effect + -less.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/feckless", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fecund": { + "definition": "Highly fertile; able to produce offspring.", + "origin": "From Middle French fécond, from Latin fēcundus (“fertile”), which is related to fētus and fēmina (“woman”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fecund", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "feign": { + "definition": "To make a false show or pretence of; to counterfeit or simulate.", + "origin": "From Middle English feynen, feinen, borrowed from Old French feindre (“to pretend”), from Latin fingere (“to form, shape, invent”). Compare French feignant (present participle of feindre, literally “feigning”). Also compare feint, figment and fiction.", + "sentence": "She had not been much of a dissembler, until now her loneliness taught her to feign.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/feign", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 2, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:" + }, + "fenestrated": { + "definition": "Having windows.", + "origin": "Latin fenestro, from the noun fenestra (“window”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fenestrated", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fenster": { + "definition": "A geologic structure formed by erosion or normal faulting on a thrust system; a tectonic window.", + "origin": "From German Fenster (“window”), from Latin fenestra (“window”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fenster", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fervorous": { + "definition": "With fervour; fervent.", + "origin": "From fervor + -ous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fervorous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "festooned": { + "definition": "Decorated with a string of lights, flowers, or paper hung in a curve between two points. It can also be used more broadly to describe a place that is richly decorated or covered in something, especially for a special occasion.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/festooned", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "feudalism": { + "definition": "A social system based on personal ownership of resources and personal fealty between a suzerain (lord) and a vassal (subject). Defining characteristics are direct ownership of resources, personal loyalty, and a hierarchical social structure reinforced by religion.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish feudal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish feudalism\nFrom feudal + -ism.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/feudalism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fiat": { + "definition": "An arbitrary or authoritative command or order to do something; an effectual decree.", + "origin": "From Latin fīat (“let it be done”).", + "sentence": "It must be an absolute fiat - something of the nature of a Mystery or of Religion or Magic - and not to be disputed.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fiat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 195:" + }, + "fibula": { + "definition": "An ancient kind of brooch used to hold clothing together, similar in function to the modern safety pin.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin fībula (“buckle, clasp, pin”). The bone is so named because the shape it makes with the tibia resembles a clasp, the fibula being the pin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fibula", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fictile": { + "definition": "Capable of being molded into the shape of an artifact or art work", + "origin": "Latin fictilus, from fictus (from fingere (“to shape, form, devise”)) + -ilis", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fictile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fiduciary": { + "definition": "Pertaining to paper money whose value depends on public confidence or securities.", + "origin": "From Latin fīdūciārius (“held in trust”), from fīdūcia (“trust”).", + "sentence": "Indeed, currency would be more effective for not being gold and silver but fiduciary paper money.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fiduciary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 63:" + }, + "finial": { + "definition": "Any decorative fitting on the corner, end, or top of an object such as a canopy, a fencepost, a flagpole, a curtain rod, or the newel post of a staircase.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English finial (“(adjective) final; (noun) ornament at the upper extremity of a pinnacle, spire, etc.”) [and other forms], a variant of final (“pertaining to the close or end of something, last, final”), from Old French final (“last, final; definitive”) (modern French final), from Latin fīnālis (“of or pertaining to the end of something, final; of or pertaining to boundaries”), from fīnis (“a border; an end”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”) or *dʰeygʷ- (“to set up; to stick”)) + -ālis (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining’ to forming adjectives).", + "sentence": "For several years, the finial was missing, and its replica replacement will save the wooden post from rotting.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/finial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 September 22, “A Signal Survivor from the 1800s”, in Rail, number 940, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 82:" + }, + "fipple": { + "definition": "The mouthpiece of a ducted flute, or the plug forming the floor of the windway.", + "origin": "Perhaps related to Icelandic flipi (“the lip of a horse”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fipple", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "firkin": { + "definition": "A varying measure of capacity, usually being a quarter of a barrel; specifically, a measure equal to nine imperial gallons.", + "origin": "From Middle Dutch *vierdekijn, diminutive of vierde (“fourth”), from vier (“four”); equivalent to fourth + -kin.", + "sentence": "The barrel of beer is to hold 36 gallons, the kilderkin 18 gallons the firkin 9.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/firkin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 205:" + }, + "fjeld": { + "definition": "A rocky, barren plateau, especially in Scandinavia.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Danish fjeld. Doublet of fell.", + "sentence": "Almost every Norwegian farmer possesses some pasture-land high up in the fjeld, sometimes as much as twenty or thirty miles distant from his homestead.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fjeld", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1847, Alfred Smith, Henry Warren, “A SEATER COTTAGE ON THE FILLE FJELD”, in Sketches in Norway and Sweden, London: Thomas Maclean, via National Library of Norway, unnumbered page:" + }, + "flagellum": { + "definition": "In protists, a long, whiplike membrane-enclosed organelle used for locomotion or feeding.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nLatin flagrum\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -lum\nLatin flagellumbor.\nEnglish flagellum\nFrom Latin flagellum (“whip”), diminutive of flagrum.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flagellum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "flagon": { + "definition": "A large vessel resembling a jug, usually with a handle, lid, and spout, for serving drinks such as cider or wine at a table; specifically (Christianity), such a vessel used to hold the wine for the ritual of Holy Communion.", + "origin": "From Middle English flagon, flakon [and other forms], from Middle French flacon, Old French flacon, flascon (“flask”) (modern French flacon (“vial”)), from Medieval Latin flascōnem, the accusative singular of Late Latin flascō (“bottle; glass or earthenware vessel for wine; portable barrel”), from Frankish *flaska (“bottle; flask”), from Proto-Germanic *flaskǭ (“bottle; flask; vessel covered with plaiting”), from Proto-Germanic *flehtaną (“to braid, plait”) (from the practice of plaiting or wrapping bottles in straw casing), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold; to plait, weave”). The English word is a doublet of flacon, flask, and fiasco.\nCognates\n* Old English flasce, flaxe (“bottle, flask”)\n* Old High German flasca, flaska (“bottle, flask”) (German Flasche)\n* Old Norse flaska (Danish flaske)", + "sentence": "\"He's got a venison pastry and a flagon of sack in that cupboard behind him.\"", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flagon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1936, Norman Lindsay, The Flyaway Highway, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 35:" + }, + "flambé": { + "definition": "To cook with a showy technique where an alcoholic beverage, such as brandy, is added to hot food and then the fumes are ignited.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French flambé.", + "sentence": "“Flambé the dessert”, ordered the Chef, “but take the dish off the heat before adding the brandy or you'll burn your eyebrows off.”", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flamb%C3%A9", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "flaneur": { + "definition": "One who wanders aimlessly, who roams, who travels at a lounging pace. One who walks to observe and enjoy rather than to get somewhere.", + "origin": "From French flâneur (“loafer, idler, dawdler, loiterer”).", + "sentence": "Portsmouth is a flaneur’s dream come true, a place that simply begs to be explored randomly and on foot.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flaneur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009 October, Barry Estabrook, “Good Living”, in Gourmet, page 57:" + }, + "flavedo": { + "definition": "The exocarp in citruses.", + "origin": "From New Latin flāvēdō (“yellowness, sallowness, yellow color”), derived from Latin flāvus (“yellow, golden”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flavedo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "flèche": { + "definition": "Any of the twenty-four points on a backgammon board.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French flèche. Compare fletch.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fl%C3%A8che", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Florentine": { + "definition": "Of, from or relating to the city of Florence, Tuscany, Italy.", + "origin": "From Latin Flōrentīnus, from Flōrentia (“Florence”) + -īnus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Florentine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "floribunda": { + "definition": "A rose cultivar, having large sprays of small flowers, made by crossing polyantha and hybrid tea rose varieties.", + "origin": "From Rosa floribunda.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/floribunda", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "floruit": { + "definition": "Lived, flourished; used in biographies to indicate a time period during which a person is known to have been alive or known to have been notably active, when dates of birth and/or death are not known.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin flōruit (“he/she/it flourished”), from flōreō (“bloom, flourish”), from flōs (“flower”).", + "sentence": "Marius Mercator must have shared the vigour of Alcimus, for he floruit in 218 according to Mr.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/floruit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1895, Arthur Cayley Headlam, The Church Quarterly Review, page 155:" + }, + "flotsam": { + "definition": "Debris floating in a river or sea, in particular fragments from a shipwreck.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman floteson, from Old French flotaison (“a floating”), from floter (“to float”), of Germanic origin (See float.), + -aison, from Latin -atio.", + "sentence": "Sensors not detecting any bodies in the flotsam.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flotsam", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1988 May 9, Patrick Stewart, Jonathan Frakes, Michael Dorn, LeVar Burton, Conspiracy (Star Trek: The Next Generation), Paramount Domestic Television, →OCLC:" + }, + "fluoride": { + "definition": "Any of certain salts of hydrofluoric acid, such as the simple metallic ones.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.\nProto-Indo-European *bʰlewH-der.\nProto-Indo-European *bʰluH-yé-ti?\nLatin fluō\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *-ōs\nProto-Italic *-ōs\nLatin -or\nLatin fluor\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnusder.\nOld French -inbor.\nMiddle English -in\nEnglish -ine\nEnglish fluor(ine)\nEnglish -ide\nEnglish fluoride\nFrom fluor(ine) + -ide.", + "sentence": "However, too much fluoride produces a mottling effect on teeth.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fluoride", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000, Lawrie Ryan, Advanced Chemistry for You, Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes, →ISBN, page 54:" + }, + "focaccia": { + "definition": "A sandwich made with this type of bread.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from Italian focaccia, from Late Latin focācium (via its plural focācia), derived from Latin focus (“hearth”). Doublet of fougasse and pagash. Cognate with Sicilian fugazza, Serbo-Croatian pogača (“unleavened bread”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/focaccia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "follicle": { + "definition": "A type of primitive dry fruit produced by certain flowering plants.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-der.\nLatin follis\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -culus\nLatin folliculusbor.\nEnglish follicle\nBorrowed from Latin folliculus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/follicle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fontina": { + "definition": "A pale yellow cheese from Valle d'Aosta in Italy.", + "origin": "From Italian fontina. The name likely originates from either the Fontin mountain pasture or the village of Fontinaz in the Aosta Valley, where the cheese is traditionally produced.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fontina", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "forbivorous": { + "definition": "That eats forbs.", + "origin": "From forb + i + -vorous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forbivorous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fortissimo": { + "definition": "Indicating that the piece is to be played very loudly.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian fortissimo.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fortissimo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Franciscan": { + "definition": "A friar of the religious order founded by Saint Francis of Assisi in 1209, now known as the Order of the Friars Minor.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Late Latin Franciscānus (“(noun) friar of the order of Saint Francis; (adjective) of or from the order of Saint Francis”) + English -an (suffix forming agent nouns; and meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Franciscānus is derived from Franciscus (“the given name Francis, the name of Saint Francis of Assisi (c. 1181 – 1226)”) + Latin -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, denoting relationships of origin, position, or possession); and Franciscus from Francia (“region inhabited or ruled over by the Franka, Frankia”) (apparently a nickname from Francis’s father, an Italian merchant who worked in France) + -iscus (suffix forming adjectives).", + "sentence": "Every Franciscan we talked to was sure this man was not a member of their order.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Franciscan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1995 July, Pat Conroy, chapter 19, in Beach Music, New York, N.Y.: Nan A[hearn] Talese, Doubleday, →ISBN, page 265:" + }, + "fratority": { + "definition": "A social organization of students at a college or university, like a fraternity or sorority but accepting members of both sexes.", + "origin": "Blend of fraternity + sorority.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fratority", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fraudulent": { + "definition": "False, phony.", + "origin": "From Middle English fraudulent, from Old French fraudulent, from Latin fraudulentus, from fraus (“fraud”).", + "sentence": "He tried to pass a fraudulent check.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fraudulent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "frazil": { + "definition": "A collection of stray ice crystals that form in fast-moving water.", + "origin": "From Canadian French frasil, frazil, fraisil, from French fraisil (“coal cinders”), from Old French faisil.", + "sentence": "It has been suggested that it may be due to the accumulation of frazil or anchor-ice.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frazil", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1888 March 17th, The Montreal Gazette, Cent.:" + }, + "freneticism": { + "definition": "The quality or state of being frenetic.", + "origin": "From frenetic + -ism.", + "sentence": "It moved seamlessly between New York freneticism and the languid sway of the son dance style .", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/freneticism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015 July 1, John Fordham, “Loz Speyer review – genre-bending trumpeter deserves a bigger stage”, in The Guardian:" + }, + "Freudian": { + "definition": "Of or relating to Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud's scientific theory and psychotherapy called psychoanalysis.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Freud\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānusbor.\nEnglish -ian\nEnglish Freudian\nFrom Freud + -ian.", + "sentence": "But perhaps the greatest threat of Freudian theory concerned what lurks in the unconscious mind.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Freudian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000 May 28, Peter Wolson, “A World of Psychophobia”, in Los Angeles Times, archived from the original on 10 May 2025:" + }, + "frittata": { + "definition": "A crustless quiche: a molded omelette in which vegetables, cheese, etc., are mixed into the eggs and cooked together.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian frittata, from fritto (“fried”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frittata", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "frugivore": { + "definition": "An animal whose diet is mostly fruit.", + "origin": "From French frugivore, from Latin frūgi- + French -vore.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frugivore", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fucoid": { + "definition": "Resembling or relating to seaweeds of the genus Fucus.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos, “seaweed”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fucoid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fugue": { + "definition": "A contrapuntal piece of music wherein a particular melody is played in a number of voices, each voice introduced in turn by playing the melody.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French fugue, from Italian fuga (“flight, ardor”), from Latin fuga (“act of fleeing”), from fugiō (“to flee”); compare Ancient Greek φυγή (phugḗ). Apparently from the metaphor that the first part starts alone on its course, and is pursued by later parts. Doublet of fuga.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fugue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fulgent": { + "definition": "Shining brilliantly; radiant.", + "origin": "From Middle English fulgent, from Latin fulgēns. By surface analysis, Latin fulg(ere) + -ent.", + "sentence": "And univerſally, the greateſt and moſt fulgent tails always ariſe from Comets, immediately after their paſſing by the neighbourhood of the Sun.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fulgent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1729, Isaac Newton, “Proposition XLI. Problem XXI. From Three Observations Given to Determine the Orbit of a Comet Moving in a Parabola.”, in Andrew Motte, transl., The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. […] , volume II, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], →OCLC, book III (Of the System of the World), page 361:" + }, + "fulminate": { + "definition": "To make a verbal attack.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English fulminaten, borrowed from Latin fulminātus, perfect passive participle of fulminō (“to lighten, hurl or strike with lightning”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from fulmen (“lightning which strikes and sets on fire, thunderbolt”), from earlier *fulgmen, *fulgimen, from fulgeō, fulgō (“flash, lighten”). Doublet of fulmine. More at fulgent.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fulminate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "funambulist": { + "definition": "A tightrope walker or a similar performer on a slack rope.", + "origin": "From French funambule or its source, Latin funambulus, from funis (“rope”) + ambulare (“walk”).", + "sentence": "A female funambulist, Maria Spelterini, on various occasions tightrope-walked across the Niagara Gorge with peach baskets on her feet, blindfolded, or manacled.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/funambulist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012 June 14, David Hakim, “After Century-Long Wait, Stage Is Set for Man Daring to Cross the Falls”, in New York Times, retrieved 01 Aug 2013:" + }, + "fungible": { + "definition": "Able to be substituted for something of equal value or utility.", + "origin": "1765 as noun, 1818 as adjective, from Medieval Latin fungibilis, from Latin fungor (“to perform, discharge a duty”) + -ible (“able to”). Originally a legal term, going back to Roman law: res fungibiles (“replaceable things”).", + "sentence": "At the core of Kasarda’s conception of the aerotropolis lies the notion that space – unlike time – is fungible.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fungible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011, Will Self, “The frowniest spot on Earth”, in London Review of Books, XXXIII.9:" + }, + "furcula": { + "definition": "The (two-pronged) forked, somewhat tail-like organ held bent forward and secured by a catch beneath most species of Collembola (springtails), with which they jump by releasing the catch abruptly when alarmed.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin furcula.", + "sentence": "In essence, a furcula is a long, rigid stick, held underneath the body at high tension.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/furcula", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 215:" + }, + "fusiform": { + "definition": "Shaped like a spindle with yarn spun on it; having round or roundish cross-section and tapering at each end.", + "origin": "From Latin fusus (“spindle”) + -iform.", + "sentence": "Fusobacteria are fusiform bacilli (spindled rods).", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fusiform", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Gallic": { + "definition": "Of or related to Gaul or the Gauls.", + "origin": "From Latin Gallicus (“of or related to Gaul”), from Gallia (“Gaul”) + -icus (“-ic: forming adj.”), used archaically in New Latin and English in reference to modern France.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gallic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "galvanize": { + "definition": "To coat with a layer of zinc (for rust resistance) by electrochemical means.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from French galvaniser. By surface analysis, galvano- + -ize. Named after Italian physiologist Luigi Aloisio Galvani (1737–1798).", + "sentence": "We then galvanize the steel so that the zinc coating will sacrificially take the corrosion for many years.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/galvanize", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gambit": { + "definition": "An opening in chess in which material is sacrificed to gain an advantage.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kh₂em-\nProto-Indo-European *kh₂emp-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *kh₂empeh₂\nProto-Hellenic *kampā́\nAncient Greek καμπή (kampḗ)bor.\nLate Latin gamba\nItalian gamba\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Italic *-tosder.?\nLate Latin -ittus\nItalian -etto\nItalian gambettobor.\nEnglish gambit\nBorrowed from Italian gambetto (“act of tripping; gambit”), from gamba (“leg”) + -etto (diminutive suffix). First attested in 1656.", + "sentence": "Her clever gambit gave her an advantage.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gambit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ganache": { + "definition": "A rich sauce, made of chocolate and cream, used also as the filling of truffles, and as a glaze.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French ganache, from Italian ganascia (“jaw”), ultimately from Ancient Greek γνάθος (gnáthos) (see gnatho-).", + "sentence": "The centers of truffles are typically a ganache, which is most often simply a mixture of chocolate and cream.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ganache", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, Dede Wilson, Truffles: 50 Deliciously Decadent Homemade Chocolate Treats, Harvard Common Press, →ISBN, page 11:" + }, + "gasiform": { + "definition": "Having the form of a gas; gaseous.", + "origin": "From gas + -iform.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gasiform", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gastronome": { + "definition": "a lover of good food; a connoisseur or gourmet", + "origin": "Borrowed from French gastronome.", + "sentence": "A gastronome ought to fast sometimes on principle: we appreciate no pleasures unless we are occasionally debarred from them.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gastronome", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XI, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 231:" + }, + "gaudery": { + "definition": "finery; ornaments", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gaudery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gaur": { + "definition": "An Asian species of wild bovine (Bos gaurus), of large size and an untamable disposition.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Hindi गौर (gaur), from Sanskrit गौर (gaura). Attested in English since the early 19th century. Doublet of gayal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gaur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gelatinous": { + "definition": "Jelly-like.", + "origin": "From gelatine + -ous; probably modeled on French gélatineux.", + "sentence": "Winston was gelatinous with fatigue.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gelatinous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1949 June 8, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter 9, in Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC; republished [Australia]: Project Gutenberg of Australia, August 2001, part 2, page 165:" + }, + "Gemini": { + "definition": "The zodiac sign for the twins, ruled by Mercury and covering May 22 – June 21 (tropical astrology) or June 16 – July 15 (sidereal astrology).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin geminī, plural of geminus (“twin”), calque of Ancient Greek Δίδυμοι (Dídumoi), calque of Akkadian 𒀯𒈠𒀸 (māšu), calque of Sumerian 𒀯𒈦𒋰𒁀 (ᵐᵘˡMAŠ.TAB.BA, “the Divine Twins, in Mesopotamia identified as Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea; name of constellation”). See Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea.", + "sentence": "Gemini is the third sign of the zodiac, spanning the 60–89th degrees.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gemini", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 May 16th, “Gemini: May Legendary Wildcard”, in Rise of the Half Moon:" + }, + "genealogical": { + "definition": "Of or relating to genealogy.", + "origin": "From French généalogique + -al, equivalent to genealogy + -ical.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genealogical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "geniture": { + "definition": "Birth; begetting.", + "origin": "From Old French géniture (the same word in modern French), or its source Latin genitura, from the base of gignere (“to beget”).", + "sentence": "It is also possible that the astrologer who computed this geniture used Theon's reduction rule.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/geniture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1953, B. L. van der Waerden, “History of the Zodiac”, in Archiv für Orientforschung, volume 16, page 229:" + }, + "genome": { + "definition": "The complete genetic information (either DNA or, in some viruses, RNA) of an organism.", + "origin": "From earlier genom, from German Genom, coined by German botanist Hans Winkler in 1920 as a blend of Gen (“gene”) + Chromosom (“chromosome”). By surface analysis, gen(e) + -ome, or a blend of gen(e) + (chromos)ome. Spelling altered to reflect the surface analysis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genome", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "geocaching": { + "definition": "A pastime in which participants use a GPS receiver to find a hidden container at a specific latitude and longitude, or to hide a container to be found in this manner.", + "origin": "From geo- + caching. First attested in 2000. See additional etymology at geocache.", + "sentence": "State parks officials were a little stunned— and thrilled— with the response to the Geocaching History Challenge.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/geocaching", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Doug Ohman, Chris Niskanen, Prairie, Lake, Forest: Minnesota's State Parks, page 104:" + }, + "geriatric": { + "definition": "Relating to the elderly.", + "origin": "From geriatrics. By surface analysis, Ancient Greek γῆρας (gêras, “old age”) + -iatric.", + "sentence": "The study examined the efficacy of geriatric interventions in reducing the frequency of falls among the elderly.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/geriatric", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gubernatorial": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to a governor or the office of governor.", + "origin": "From Latin gubernātor (“governor”), from gubernō (“govern”), + -ial.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gubernatorial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gudgeon": { + "definition": "A small freshwater fish of species Gobio gobio, native to Eurasia.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Late Middle English gojoun [and other forms], from Old French gojon, goujon (“gudgeon”), from Late Latin gōbiōnem, the accusative of gōbiō, the augmentative of Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”), from Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbĭós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”), probably of Semitic origin. The English word is a doublet of goby and goujon.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "You eat a gudgeon a day, and you think you bribe God with gudgeon.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gudgeon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1912, Fyodor Dostoevsky, “Why is such a Man Alive?”, in Constance Garnett, transl., The Brothers Karamazov […], New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, published 1922, part I, book II (An Unfortunate Gathering), page 73:" + }, + "gules": { + "definition": "Red, e.g. on a coat of arms, typically represented in engraving by vertical parallel lines.", + "origin": "From Middle English goules, from Old French geule (“animal’s mouth, throat”) via Middle French geules. Compare with French gueules, Portuguese goelas and Spanish gules.", + "sentence": "The official blazon of the arms of Perth is \"Gules, a Holy Lambe passant regardant staff and cross argent, with the banner of St.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gules", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1956 July, Col. H. C. B. Rogers, “Railway Heraldry”, in Railway Magazine, page 480:" + }, + "gullibility": { + "definition": "The quality of readily believing information, truthful or otherwise, usually to an absurd extent.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish gullible\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish gullibility\nFrom gullible + -ity.", + "sentence": "What distinguishes the core of the rightwing populist electorate is its gullibility to idiocy-promoting rhetoric against climate science.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gullibility", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017 February 20, Paul Mason, “Climate scepticism is a far-right badge of honour – even in sweltering Australia”, in the Guardian:" + }, + "gumption": { + "definition": "Common sense, initiative, resourcefulness.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Scots gumption (“common sense, shrewdness; drive, initiative”); further etymology unknown, possibly connected with Middle English gome (“attention, heed”), from Old Norse gaumr (“attention, heed”), from Proto-Germanic *gaumō. English cognates include gaum (“to comprehend, understand”) and goam (“to recognize, see”).", + "sentence": "Gumption, or rum gumption, docility, comprehenſion, capacity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gumption", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "[1785, [Francis Grose], “Gumption, or rum gumption”, in A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, London: […] S[amuel] Hooper, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "gustatory": { + "definition": "Of, or relating to, the sense of taste.", + "origin": "From Latin gustātus, participle of gustō (“to taste”), + -ory.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gustatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "germane": { + "definition": "Related to a topic of discussion or consideration.", + "origin": "A variant form of german (“having the same parents; related”), adapted in this sense in allusions to its use in Shakespeare's Hamlet (see quotations at germaine).", + "sentence": "Connors was eccentric (and kind of repulsive) in lots of other ways, too, none of which are germane to this article.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/germane", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997, David Foster Wallace, “Tennis Player Michael Joyce’s Professional Artistry as a Paradigm of Certain Stuff About Choice, Freedom, Limitation, Joy, Grotesquerie, and Human Completeness”, in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again, Kindle edition, Little, Brown Book Group:" + }, + "gibbous": { + "definition": "Having more than half (but not the whole) of its disc illuminated.", + "origin": "From Middle English gibbous, from Latin gibbus (“humped, hunched”), probably cognate with cubō (“bend oneself, lie down”), Italian gobba (“humpback”), Ancient Greek κῡφός (kūphós, “humpback, bent”), κύβος (kúbos, “cube, vertebra”), Spanish giboso (“humped”). Also ultimately compare dialectal Norwegian keiv (“slanted, wrong”), German schief (“crooked, slanting”) and Dutch scheef (“crooked, slanting”).", + "sentence": "On December 7, 1972, the Apollo 17 astronauts took a photograph of a gibbous Earth at a distance of eighteen thousand miles from its surface.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gibbous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021, Ruth Ozeki, The Book of Form and Emptiness, Canongate Books, published 2022, page 252:" + }, + "gingivitis": { + "definition": "Inflammation of the gums or gingivae.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin gingīvabor.\nEnglish gingiva\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nAncient Greek -της (-tēs)der.\nAncient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis)lbor.\nNew Latin -itisder.\nEnglish -itis\nEnglish gingivitis\nFrom gingiva + -itis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gingivitis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gladiatorial": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to a gladiator.", + "origin": "From Latin gladiātōrius + -al. By surface analysis, gladiator + -ial.", + "sentence": "Gladiatorial entertainment was common in ancient Rome.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gladiatorial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "glazier": { + "definition": "One who glazes: a craftsman who works with glass, fitting windows, etc.", + "origin": "From Middle English glazier, glasier, glasyer, glasiere, variants (due to influence from words in -yer) of Middle English glaser, equivalent to glass + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glazier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "glissando": { + "definition": "A method of playing an electric guitar in which a metal bar is held at right angles across the strings and rapidly moved up and down, creating a smooth, lush sound.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian glissando.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glissando", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "globular": { + "definition": "Roughly spherical in shape; globe-shaped.", + "origin": "From French globulaire or Medieval Latin globulāris.", + "sentence": "Podson's globular stare assured any woman that the bargain was sacred.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/globular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1938, Norman Lindsay, chapter XV, in Age of Consent, London: T[homas] Werner Laurie […], →OCLC, page 152:" + }, + "gluttonous": { + "definition": "Given to excessive eating; prone to overeating.", + "origin": "From Middle English glotenose, glotenouse, glotonos, glotonous, glotounius, glotynous, from Middle French glotonos; equivalent to glutton + -ous.", + "sentence": "Behold a man gluttonous, and a winebibber, a friend of publicans and sinners.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gluttonous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 11:19:" + }, + "gnocchi": { + "definition": "Italian pasta-like dumpling(s) made of potato or semolina.", + "origin": "From Italian gnocchi, plural of gnocco (“dumpling”, literally “lump”), related to nocchio (“knot (in wood)”), a borrowing from Lombardic knohha (“knuckle, bone, knot”), from Proto-Germanic *knukô (“bone”), *kneukaz (“tuber, knuckle”), from Proto-Indo-European *gnew- (“knot, bundle”). Cognate with Middle High German knoche (“bone, knot”) (modern German Knochen), Middle Dutch knoke (“knuckle, knob, knot”), Swedish knoge (“knuckle”). More at knuckle.", + "sentence": "Carefully lower the gnocchi, one at a time, into the simmering water.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gnocchi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1978, Nika Hazelton, The Regional Italian Kitchen, M. Evans and Company, Inc., →ISBN, page 129:" + }, + "golem": { + "definition": "A humanoid creature made from any previously inanimate matter, such as wood or stone, animated by magic.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Hebrew גולם \\ גֹּלֶם (gólem).", + "sentence": "She is elected mayor through the help of a golem she creates out of the soil of the potted plants she keeps in her apartment.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/golem", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016 December 25, Anne Roiphe, “Cynthia Ozick’s Golem Story Is a Fairy Tale of Sexual Obsession and Dentistry”, in The Forward, archived from the original on 15 Jun 2022:" + }, + "Goliath": { + "definition": "Any large person or thing; someone or something that is abnormally large or powerful.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Hebrew גָּלְיָת (golyāṯ).", + "sentence": "That Goliath is so big and strong, the little man will never stand a chance against him if he on his wrong side.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Goliath", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "goosander": { + "definition": "A merganser, Mergus merganser, of the northern hemisphere, that consume fish and are common on lakes and rivers.", + "origin": "Blend of goose + gander. The oldest known use is by Drayton (1622).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/goosander", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gossamer": { + "definition": "A fine film made up of cobwebs, seen floating in the air or caught on bushes, etc.", + "origin": "From Middle English gossomer, gosesomer, gossummer (attested since around 1300, and only in reference to webs or other light things), usually thought to derive from gos (“goose”) + somer (“summer”) and to have initially referred to a period of warm weather in late autumn when geese were eaten — compare Middle Scots goesomer, goe-summer (“summery weather in late autumn; St Martin's summer”) and dialectal English go-harvest, both later connected in folk-etymology to go — and to have been transferred to cobwebs because they were frequent then or because they were likened to goose-down. Skeat says that in Craven the webs were called summer-goose, and compares Scots and dialectal English use of summer-colt in reference to \"exhalations seen rising from the ground in hot weather\". Weekley notes that both the webs and the weather have fantastical names in most European languages: compare German Altweibersommer (“Indian summer; cobwebs, gossamer”, literally “old wives' summer”) and other terms listed there.", + "sentence": "A lover may bestride the gossamer / That idles in the wanton summer air, / And yet not fall; so light is vanity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gossamer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi]:" + }, + "Gothamite": { + "definition": "An inhabitant of New York City.", + "origin": "From Gotham + -ite.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gothamite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "grande dame": { + "definition": "A woman who is high-ranking, socially prominent, or has a dignified character, especially one who is advanced in age and haughty.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French grande dame, from grande (the feminine form of grand (“great, grand”)) + dame (“lady”). Doublet of grandam.\nThe plural form grandes dames is borrowed from French grandes dames.", + "sentence": "Do you no longer want to go to Europe? to court? to be grande dame and converse with princes?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grande%20dame", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1902 March, Gertrude Franklin Atherton, chapter III, in The Conqueror: Being the True and Romantic Story of Alexander Hamilton, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, book I (Rachel Levine), page 15:" + }, + "grandiloquent": { + "definition": "Given to using language in a showy way by using an excessive number of difficult words to impress others; bombastic; turgid.", + "origin": "From Middle French grandiloquent, from Latin grandiloquus, from grandis (“great, full”) + loquēns, present participle of loquor (“to speak”). Compare eloquent.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grandiloquent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "graticule": { + "definition": "The network of lines of latitude and longitude that make up a coordinate system such as the one used for charts and maps of the Earth.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French graticule, from Medieval Latin grātīcula, from Latin crāticula (“grating, grill”), from crātis (“hurdle; wickerwork”) (probably from Proto-Indo-European *kréh₂-tis (“fenced handiwork”)) + -cula (feminine form of -culus, a variant of -ulus (“diminutive suffix”)).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/graticule", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gratis": { + "definition": "Free: without charge.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷerH-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *gʷr̥Htós\nProto-Italic *gʷrātos\nLatin grātus\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin grātiīs\nLatin grātīsbor.\nEnglish gratis\nBorrowed from Latin grātīs.", + "sentence": "It's gratis in any case.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gratis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010 September 27, Ann Charters, Samuel Charters, quoting John Clellon Holmes, Brother-Souls: John Clellon Holmes, Jack Kerouac, and the Beat Generation, →ISBN, page 162:" + }, + "gravimetry": { + "definition": "The measurement of gravity (the strength of the gravitational field).", + "origin": "From gravi- + -metry.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gravimetry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gravitas": { + "definition": "Substance, weight.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us\nProto-Italic *gʷraus\nLatin gravis\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nProto-Italic *-tāts\nLatin -tās\nLatin gravitāsbor.\nEnglish gravitas\nBorrowed from Latin gravitās (“weight, heaviness”). Doublet of gravity.", + "sentence": "Yellen has been subtler, involving repeated suggestions — almost always off the record — that she lacks the “gravitas” to lead the Fed.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gravitas", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 August 2, Paul Krugman, “Sex, Money and Gravitas”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 12 Nov 2020:" + }, + "greaves": { + "definition": "The unmeltable residue left after animal fat has been rendered.", + "origin": "From Low German (compare German Low German Greev, Greve (“greaves”)), from Middle Low German grêve, from Old Saxon *griovo, from Proto-West Germanic *greubō (“roughage, brushwood, kindling”), perhaps related to *grubaz (“rough, coarse”), the root of German Griebe (“greaves, crackling”). Possibly related to gruff. Also compare Old High German grob (“coarse”) (modern German grob).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/greaves", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Gregorian": { + "definition": "Of or relating to a person named Gregory, especially any of the popes of that name.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Gregory\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānusbor.\nEnglish -ian\nEnglish Gregorian\nFrom Gregory + -ian.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gregorian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "grissino": { + "definition": "A narrow breadstick in Italian cuisine.", + "origin": "From Italian grissino, from Piedmontese grissin, ghërsin, diminutive of ghersa (“line, row”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grissino", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "grouse": { + "definition": "To complain or grumble.", + "origin": "The origin of the verb is uncertain; it is possibly borrowed from Norman groucier, from Old French groucier, grousser (“to grumble, murmur”) [and other forms] (whence grutch (“to complain; to murmur”) and grouch). The further etymology is unknown, but it may be derived from Frankish *grōtijan (“to make cry, scold, rebuke”) or of onomatopoeic origin.\nThe noun is derived from the verb.", + "sentence": "Grouse away!\" he growled. \"If grousin' made a man happy, you'd be the champion.\"", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grouse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:" + }, + "habeas corpus": { + "definition": "A writ ordering that a person be brought before a court or a judge, most frequently used to ensure that a person's imprisonment, detention, or commitment is legal.", + "origin": "From Latin habeas corpus ad subiciendum (“You (shall) have the body to be subjected to (examination)”), referring to the body of the detainee (not the body of a victim, similar to corpus delicti).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/habeas%20corpus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hackneyed": { + "definition": "Repeated too often.", + "origin": "From hackney + -ed. Most likely from the fact that hackney carriages have been used so much, that they are extremely commonplace now.", + "sentence": "The sermon was full of hackneyed phrases and platitudes.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hackneyed", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "hagiographer": { + "definition": "Someone who writes the biography of a saint.", + "origin": "From hagiography + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hagiographer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "halibut": { + "definition": "A large flatfish of the genus Hippoglossus, which sometimes leaves the ocean floor and swims vertically.", + "origin": "From Middle English halibut, equivalent to holy + butt (“flatfish”), since the fish was often eaten on holy days. Cognate with Dutch heilbot, German Heiligbutt, Heilbutt, Heilbutte, Danish helleflynder, Swedish helgeflundra, and Norwegian Nynorsk hellefisk.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/halibut", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Halifax": { + "definition": "An industrial town in the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England, 20km south-west of Leeds (OS grid ref SE0925).", + "origin": "From Old English halh-ġefeaxe (literally “grassy corner”), compounded from halh + ġefeaxe. Folk etymology suggests Old English hāliġfeax (literally “holy hair”), as compounded from hāliġ + feax, from a local legend that the town is said to have received the name from the fact that the hair of a murdered virgin was hung up on a tree in the neighborhood, which became a resort of pilgrims. Compare also Fairfax.\nThe capital city of Nova Scotia is named after statesman George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax (1716–1771).\nThe civil parish is also named after the 2nd Earl of Halifax. Coined by British-Dutch surveyor Samuel Holland.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Halifax", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hallucinate": { + "definition": "To seem to perceive things (with one or more of one's senses) which are not really present; to have visions; to experience a hallucination.", + "origin": "First attested in 1604; borrowed from Latin hallūcinātus, alternative form of alūcinātus, perfect active participle of alucinor (“to dream”); see -ate (verb-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hallucinate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "haplography": { + "definition": "Accidental omission of a letter or letter group that should be repeated in writing, for example, mispell for misspell.", + "origin": "From haplo- + -graphy.", + "sentence": "In the apparatus of Trounce's edition, dittography occurs at line 266, haplography at line 352, and there are numerous erasures and corrections within the text.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/haplography", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999, Elaine Treharne, “Romanticizing the Past in the Middle English Athelston”, in The Review of English Studies, Oxford University Press:" + }, + "harangue": { + "definition": "A tirade, harsh scolding or rant, whether spoken or written.", + "origin": "From Middle English arang and French harangue, from Old Italian aringa (modern Italian arringa) from aringare (“speak in public”) (modern Italian arringare), from aringo (“public assembly”), from Gothic *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs) or a compound containing it, akin to Old High German hring (“ring”) (whence German Ring). Doublet of range, rank, ring, and rink.", + "sentence": "She gave her son a harangue about the dangers of playing in the street.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/harangue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "harbinger": { + "definition": "A person or thing that foreshadows or foretells the coming of someone or something.", + "origin": "Originally, a person sent in advance to arrange lodgings. From Middle English herberjour, herbergeour, from Old French herbergeor (French hébergeur), from herbergier (“to set up camp; to shelter; to take shelter”) + -or (suffix forming agent nouns), from Old High German heribergan, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *harjabergu (“army camp, shelter”). Compare German Herberge, Italian albergo, Dutch herberg, English harbor. More at here, bury.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/harbinger", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "harrier": { + "definition": "One who harries.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish harry\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish harrier\nFrom harry + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/harrier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Hathor": { + "definition": "The goddess of joy, love, and motherhood; one of the \"Eyes / Daughters of Ra\", the consort of Ra/Horus; often depicted as having a cow's head.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἅθωρ (Háthōr), from Egyptian ḥwt-ḥr O10-C9.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hathor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hauberk": { + "definition": "A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless.", + "origin": "From Middle English hauberk, from Old French hauberc, from Frankish *halsaberg (“neck-cover”).", + "sentence": "The hauberk was a complete covering of mail from head to foot.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hauberk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 14:" + }, + "hauteur": { + "definition": "Haughtiness or arrogance; loftiness.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nFrench haut\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *-ōs\nProto-Italic *-ōs\nLatin -ōrem\nOld French -or\nMiddle French -eur\nFrench -eur\nFrench hauteurbor.\nEnglish hauteur\nBorrowed from French hauteur.", + "sentence": "Sometimes the hauteur is nothing more dire than a kind of black-mother wit.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hauteur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 May 28, John McWhorter, “Saint Maya”, in The New Republic, →ISSN:" + }, + "Hawaiian": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the culture of the US state of Hawaii.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Nuclear Polynesian *Sawaiki\nHawaiian Hawaiʻibor.\nEnglish Hawaii\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish Hawaiian\nFrom Hawaii + -an.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hawaiian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hawok": { + "definition": "Shells used as money in some Native American cultures.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hawok", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "heinousness": { + "definition": "The property of being heinous.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish heinous\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish heinousness\nFrom heinous + -ness.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heinousness", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "heleoplankton": { + "definition": "Plankton that lives in still freshwater such as ponds and marshes.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heleoplankton", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "heliacal": { + "definition": "Of or relating to the Sun, especially rising and setting with the sun.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἡλιακός (hēliakós, “of the sun”) + -al. Appears in English first in the 16th century.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heliacal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hennery": { + "definition": "A place where domestic fowl, such as chickens, are reared; a poultry farm.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish hen\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ie\nOld French -eriebor.\nMiddle English -erie\nEnglish -ery\nEnglish hennery\nFrom hen + -ery.", + "sentence": "He was picking eggs and replacing the floor of the main hennery with sawdust.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hennery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Chigozie Obioma, An Orchestra of Minorities, Abacus (2019), page 84:" + }, + "heptad": { + "definition": "A sequence of seven bases.", + "origin": "From hepta- + -ad.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heptad", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hermetically": { + "definition": "In an isolated manner.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish hermetic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nProto-Indo-European *leyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *līkąder.\nProto-Germanic *-līkaz\nProto-Germanic *-ê\nProto-Germanic *-līkê\nProto-West Germanic *-līkē\nOld English -līċe\nMiddle English -ly\nMiddle English -ally\nEnglish -ally\nEnglish hermetically\nFrom hermetic + -ally.", + "sentence": "Too often, this interchange of knowledge is thwarted, one way or another: the entropic leanings of the workplace foster hermetically isolated patterns of behavior.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hermetically", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2001, Timothy J. Lenz, James K. McDowell, “Knowledge management for the strategic design and manufacture of polymer composite products”, in Rajkumar Roy, editor, Industrial Knowledge Management: A Micro-Level Approach, →ISBN, page 379:" + }, + "herringbone": { + "definition": "A zigzag pattern, especially made by bricks, on a cloth, or by stitches in sewing.", + "origin": "From herring + bone.", + "sentence": "Mr Bloom walked behind the eyeless feet, a flatcut suit of herringbone tweed.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/herringbone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1922 February 2, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company […], →OCLC:" + }, + "heterochromia": { + "definition": "An anatomical condition in which multiple pigmentations or colorings occur in the eyes, skin or hair.", + "origin": "From hetero- + -chromia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heterochromia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "heterophony": { + "definition": "The simultaneous performance by a number of singers or musicians of two or more versions of the same melody.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἑτεροφωνία (heterophōnía). By surface analysis, hetero- + -phony.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heterophony", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hetman": { + "definition": "A Cossack headman or general.", + "origin": "From Polish hetman, probably from Middle High German houbetman, heuptman (“commander”), from Old High German houbitman, from Proto-West Germanic *haubidamann. Compare modern German Hauptmann (“captain”), Haupt, Mann. The Polish e in hetman attests to a borrowing from an East Central German dialect, in which Middle High German -öu- gives -ē-. Doublet of head man.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hetman", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "heuristic": { + "definition": "That employs a practical method not guaranteed to be optimal or perfect; either not following or derived from any theory, or based on an advisedly oversimplified one.", + "origin": "Irregular formation from Ancient Greek εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “I find, discover”) (compare the proper Greek term εὑρετικός (heuretikós)).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heuristic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hibernaculum": { + "definition": "The place where a hibernating animal shelters for the winter.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin hībernāculum (“winter quarters”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hibernaculum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hierurgical": { + "definition": "Relating to hierurgy.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hierurgical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hinoki": { + "definition": "A tree (species Chamaecyparis obtusa), the Japanese cypress.", + "origin": "From Japanese 檜(ひのき) (hinoki).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hinoki", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hipsterism": { + "definition": "Something typical of a hipster.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish hipster\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish hipsterism\nFrom hipster + -ism.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hipsterism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "histrionics": { + "definition": "Exaggerated, overemotional behaviour, especially when calculated to elicit a response; melodramatics.", + "origin": "From histrionic + -ics, see histrionic.", + "sentence": "Dexter's vocals are competent enough: his timbre is thin and eternally teenaged, but he can go apeshit on the hiccupy histrionics like no one's business.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/histrionics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999 August 26, Buddy Seigal, “Even Old Englishmen Still Get Wood”, in OC Weekly, retrieved 16 Jun 2009:" + }, + "Hitchcockian": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to Alfred Hitchcock (1899–1980), British filmmaker and producer, or his works, especially noted for suspense and psychothrillers.", + "origin": "From Hitchcock + -ian.", + "sentence": "I think it's another in the series of Hitchcockian big things, like the Mount Rushmore statues, or to take another example, like Moby Dick.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hitchcockian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, The Pervert's Guide to Cinema, Slavoj Žižek (actor):" + }, + "hoity-toity": { + "definition": "Affected or pretentious, sometimes with the implication of displaying an air of excessive fanciness or ostentation; pompous, self-important, snobbish; often displaying a feeling of patronizing self-aggrandizing or arrogant class superiority.", + "origin": "Probably from hoit (“to behave frivolously and thoughtlessly; to play the fool”) + -y (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘having the quality of’), reduplicated with a change of the initial consonant. The noun is attested earlier than the adjective.", + "sentence": "The other models were gas fun, though they were all a bit hoity-toity.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hoity-toity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016, Liz Nugent, “Karen”, in Lying in Wait, [Dublin]: Penguin Ireland, →ISBN, page 113:" + }, + "holmium": { + "definition": "A chemical element (symbol Ho) with atomic number 67: a soft and malleable silvery-white metal, too reactive to be found uncombined in nature.", + "origin": "From Latin Holmia (“Stockholm”), the hometown of Per Teodor Cleve, one of the discoverers of holmium.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/holmium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Holocaust": { + "definition": "The systematic mass murder (genocide) of an estimated six million European Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany during World War II.", + "origin": "Ellipsis of Jewish holocaust.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Holocaust", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hologram": { + "definition": "A three-dimensional image of an object created by holography.", + "origin": "From holo- + -gram, from Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”) + γρᾰ́μμᾰ (grắmmă, “that which is written or drawn”), coined by Hungarian-born British scientist Dennis Gabor in 1948, the Nobel prize winner in physics in 1971 for his work in holography.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hologram", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Holstein": { + "definition": "A breed of dairy cattle, distinctively colored in splotches of black and white.", + "origin": "From the animals' region of origin: the horses came from Schleswig-Holstein, the cows came from the area of Frisia and Holstein.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Holstein", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "homeostasis": { + "definition": "The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a state of dynamic constancy; such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a stable temperature.", + "origin": "Coined from Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “similar, the same”) + -stasis by Walter Bradford Cannon, from Ancient Greek στάσις (stásis, “standing, state”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homeostasis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "homiletics": { + "definition": "The art of preaching (especially the application of rhetoric in theology).", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ὁμιλητική (homilētikḗ).\nCompare ὅμιλος (hómilos, “crowd, throng”), ὁμῑλέω (homīléō, “to be with, to talk”), and ομιλώ (omilṓ, “to talk”).", + "sentence": "We will consider first what is common to Rhetoric and Homiletics, then what is special to the latter.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homiletics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1854, A. Vinet, Homiletics; or, The Theory of Preaching:" + }, + "hubris": { + "definition": "Excessive arrogance or pride, or presumption; originally (Greek mythology) toward the gods; a feeling of overwhelming and all-encompassing pride.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὕβρις (húbris, “insolence, sexual outrage”).", + "sentence": "Antitrust prosecutors target big companies that exude hubris.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hubris", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997, John M. Connor, “The Global Lysine Price-Fixing Conspiracy of 1992-1995”, in Review of Agricultural Economics, volume 19, number 2, page 426:" + }, + "humerus": { + "definition": "The bone of the upper arm.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ṓmsder.\nLatin umerus\nLate Latin humeruslbor.\nEnglish humerus\nLearned borrowing from Late Latin humerus, from umerus. Cognate with Spanish hombro (“shoulder”).", + "sentence": "Jojo was fine, however—well, she had a fractured humerus and needed to stay overnight, but it could’ve been a lot worse.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/humerus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022, N. K. Jemisin, The World We Make, Orbit, page 76:" + }, + "humidistat": { + "definition": "A device that measures, or controls, the relative humidity of a gas.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin ūmidus\nLatin hūmidusder.\nOld French humideder.\nEnglish humid\nEnglish -stat\nEnglish humidistat\nFrom humid + -stat.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/humidistat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hummock": { + "definition": "A small hill; a hillock; a knoll.", + "origin": "Unknown, but probably a diminutive of hump, equivalent to hump + -ock (diminutive suffix). Compare hillock.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hummock", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Hungary": { + "definition": "A country in Central Europe. Capital and largest city: Budapest.", + "origin": "From Middle English Hungary, Hungrye, Hungry, from Old English Hungerie from Medieval Latin Hungaria. Doublet of Hungaria.", + "sentence": "Hungary, Austria and Poland are still refusing to participate in the resettlement plan, due to end in September.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hungary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017 March 2, Eliza Mackintosh, “No more excuses on resettling refugees, European Commission warns”, in CNN:" + }, + "hydrocortisone": { + "definition": "Name used for cortisol, a glucocorticoid steroid hormone, when used as a medication. Used to treat e.g. inflammation resulting from rheumatism and eczema.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Hellenic *údōr\nAncient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)lbor.\nEnglish hydro-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ker-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kert-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kort-ek-sder.\nLatin cortexder.\nEnglish cortico-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-\nProto-Hellenic *kʰolā́\nAncient Greek χολή (kholḗ)\nProto-Indo-European *ster-der.\nAncient Greek στερεός (stereós)\nFrench cholestérine\nFrench cholestérolbor.\nEnglish cholesterol\nEnglish sterol\nGerman Ketonbor.\nEnglish ketone\nEnglish -one\nEnglish -sterone\nEnglish corticosterone\nEnglish cortisone\nEnglish hydrocortisone\nFrom hydro- + cortisone.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydrocortisone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hydrophobia": { + "definition": "An aversion to water, as a symptom of rabies; the disease of rabies itself.", + "origin": "From Middle English idroforbia (“hydrophobia”), from Latin hydrophobia, from Ancient Greek ὑδροφοβία (hudrophobía), from ὑδρο- (hudro-), combining form of ῠ̔́δωρ (hŭ́dōr, “water”), + φοβία (phobía, “phobia”). The word is analysable as hydro- + -phobia.", + "sentence": "I myself knew a boy whose face was licked by a dog that was going mad, and who died of hydrophobia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydrophobia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1851, Samuel Hahnemann; R. E. Dudgeon, compiler and transl., “The Bite of Mad Dogs”, in The Lesser Writings of Samuel Hahnemann: Collected and Translated, London: W. Headland, […], →OCLC, page 198:" + }, + "hydroponic": { + "definition": "Of a plant; pertaining to or grown using hydroponics, a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions in water, without soil.", + "origin": "Back-formation from hydroponics. By surface analysis, hydro- (“water”) + Ancient Greek πόνος (pónos, “work, labour”) + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydroponic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hypochondria": { + "definition": "A formerly defined psychological disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness. No longer a current medical diagnosis; see hypochondriasis for more.", + "origin": "From New Latin hypochondria (the morbid condition so called, supposed to have its seat in the upper part of the abdomen), from hypochondrium (see English hypochondrium for more).", + "sentence": "In this category we must include, for example, hypochondria, a disturbance shown by undue anxiety concerning one's own physical and mental condition.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypochondria", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1908, George Lincoln Walton, Why Worry?, page 10:" + }, + "hypogeous": { + "definition": "Living or maturing underground; subterranean", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ὑπόγειος (hupógeios)\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish hypogeous\nFrom Ancient Greek ὑπόγειος (hupógeios) + English -ous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypogeous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hypotenuse": { + "definition": "The side of a right triangle opposite the right angle.", + "origin": "From Latin hypotenusa, from Ancient Greek ὑποτείνουσα πλευρά (hupoteínousa pleurá, “side subtending [the right angle]”), from ὑποτείνουσα (hupoteínousa, “stretching, extending, subtending”), active participle of ὑποτείνω (hupoteínō, “subtend, stretch under”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypotenuse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hyrax": { + "definition": "Any of several small, paenungulate herbivorous mammals of the family Procaviidae from the order Hyracoidea, with a bulky frame and fang-like incisors, native to Africa and the Middle East.", + "origin": "From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὕραξ (húrax, “shrewmouse”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hyrax", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "incinerate": { + "definition": "To destroy by burning.", + "origin": "From Latin incinerātus, perfect participle of incinerō (“to burn into ashes”), from cinis (“ashes”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incinerate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "incisiform": { + "definition": "Shaped like an incisor", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Modern Gymnarchus have teeth that vary in shape from incisiform at the symphysis to caniniform distally on the jaw.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incisiform", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015 December 17, “A Fish Assemblage from the Middle Eocene from Libya (Dur At-Talah) and the Earliest Record of Modern African Fish Genera”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:" + }, + "incitive": { + "definition": "tending to incite", + "origin": "From incite + -ive.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incitive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "inclement": { + "definition": "Stormy, of rough weather; not clement.", + "origin": "From Latin inclēmēns (“unmerciful, severe”), from in- (“not”) + clēmēns (“mild, placid”).", + "sentence": "We can understand his taking an evening stroll, but the ground was damp and the night inclement.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inclement", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1901 August – 1902 April, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Problem”, in The Hound of the Baskervilles: Another Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, London: George Newnes, […], published 1902, →OCLC, pages 56–57:" + }, + "incoherent": { + "definition": "Not making logical sense; not logically connected or consistent.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Italic *n̥-\nLatin in-bor.\nMiddle English in-\nEnglish in-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nLatin haereō\nLatin cohaereō\nLatin cohaerēnsder.\nMiddle French coherentder.\nEnglish coherent\nEnglish incoherent\nFrom in- + coherent.", + "sentence": "When we confronted her, she gave us a hasty, incoherent explanation.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incoherent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "incompetent": { + "definition": "Lacking the degree of ability and responsibility necessary to do a task successfully.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French incompétent, from Late Latin incompetentem, from Latin incompetēns, equivalent to in- + competent.", + "sentence": "Having an incompetent lawyer may be grounds for a retrial, but the lawyer in question probably doesn't know that.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incompetent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "incubate": { + "definition": "To brood, raise, or maintain eggs, organisms, or living tissue through the provision of ideal environmental conditions.", + "origin": "First attested in 1641; borrowed from Latin incubātus, an alternative to incubitus, perfect passive participle of incubō (“to hatch”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from in- (“in”) + cubō (“to lie”).", + "sentence": "Both parents incubate and the scene is animated as the birds fly about in all directions.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incubate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1907, “Nesting Habits of the Passenger Pigeon”, in W. B. Mershon, editor, The Passenger Pigeon:" + }, + "indemnity": { + "definition": "Security from damage, loss, or penalty.", + "origin": "From late Middle English indempnite, from Middle French indemnité, from Late Latin indemnitās (“security from damage”), from Latin indemnis (“undamaged”), from in- (“not”) + damnum (“damage”).", + "sentence": "And all this, it will be said, the Duke of Orleans might have prevented by an effective treaty, securing an act of indemnity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indemnity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter IX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 101:" + }, + "indicia": { + "definition": "Indications or signs.", + "origin": "From Latin indicia, plural of indicium (“a notice, information, discovery, sign, mark, token”), from index (“index”); see index.", + "sentence": "This document has none of the indicia of a contract of adhesion.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indicia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "indict": { + "definition": "To accuse of wrongdoing; charge.", + "origin": "From Middle English enditen, endyten (“to accuse”), from Old French enditer (“to dictate, indite”), from Late Latin indictāre, frequentative of Latin indicere (“to proclaim”), from in- + dicere (“to say”), or from in- + dictāre (“to say often, to dictate”). Doublet of indite.\nThe irregular spelling is due to the word having been borrowed into Middle English from Old French, and not from Latin as was the case with most other descendants of dictāre (but see dight). The borrowed /iː/ regularly shifted to /aɪ/ in the course of the Great Vowel Shift; the ⟨c⟩ represents a later attempt at graphic Latinisation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indict", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "indigent": { + "definition": "A person in need, or in poverty.", + "origin": "From Middle English indigent, from Old French indigent, from Latin indigēns, present participle of indigeō (“to need”), from indu (“in, within”) + egeō (“to be in need, want”).", + "sentence": "But I was no indigent; I was rich in feeling, and that was a luxury I had rarely known.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indigent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1975, Robertson Davies, World of Wonders, Penguin Books, published 1976, →ISBN, page 161:" + }, + "indistinguishable": { + "definition": "Not distinguishable; not capable of being perceived, known, or discriminated as separate and distinct", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Italic *n̥-\nLatin in-bor.\nMiddle English in-\nEnglish in-\nEnglish distinguish\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ābilis\nOld French -ablebor.\nMiddle English -able\nEnglish -able\nEnglish distinguishable\nEnglish indistinguishable\nFrom in- + distinguishable.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indistinguishable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "indolent": { + "definition": "Habitually lazy, procrastinating, or resistant to physical labor.", + "origin": "From French indolent or directly from Late Latin indolēns, from in- (“not”) + dolēns (“hurting”), from doleo (“to hurt”). The later sense of “living easily, slothful” perhaps developed in French.", + "sentence": "The indolent girl resisted doing her homework.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indolent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "inducement": { + "definition": "An incentive that helps bring about a desired state.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish induce\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom\nProto-Italic *-mentom\nLatin -mentum\nOld French -mentbor.\nMiddle English -ment\nEnglish -ment\nEnglish inducement\nFrom induce + -ment.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inducement", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "indulgent": { + "definition": "Disposed or prone to indulge, humor, gratify, or yield to one's own or another's desires, etc., or to be compliant, lenient, or forbearing.", + "origin": "From Latin indulgēns, indulgentem, present participle of indulgēre.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indulgent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ibex": { + "definition": "An imaginary creature with serrated horns, somewhat similar to the heraldic antelope.", + "origin": "From Latin ībex (“chamois”), possibly from Iberian or Aquitanian; akin to Old Spanish bezerro (“bull”) (modern becerro (“yearling”)).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ibex", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ibuprofen": { + "definition": "A synthetic compound used widely as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish isobut(anol)\nProto-Indo-European *swel-der.?\nAncient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der.\nFrenchder.\nEnglish -yl\nEnglish i(so)bu(tyl)\nEnglish pro(pionic acid)\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *bʰh₂nyéti\nProto-Hellenic *pʰáňňō\nAncient Greek φαίνω (phaínō)der.\nFrench phéno-\n▲\nAncient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der.\nFrench -yle\nFrench phénylebor.\nEnglish phen(yl)\nEnglish ibuprofen\nFrom i(so)bu(tyl) + pro(pionic acid) + phen(yl).", + "sentence": "Ibuprofen is one of several new drugs used for the treatment of various types of arthritis.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ibuprofen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1979, Harold M. Silverman, Gilbert I. Simon, “Ibuprofen”, in The Pill Book […] , 1st edition, New York: Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 164:" + }, + "Icarian": { + "definition": "Of or relating to the mythological Icarus.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Icarian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "idiosyncratic": { + "definition": "Peculiar to a specific individual; eccentric.", + "origin": "From idiosyncrasy + -ic. By surface analysis, idio- + syn- + -cratic.", + "sentence": "It was no merely idiosyncratic experience, for the youth had the same: it was love!", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/idiosyncratic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1891, George MacDonald, chapter 12, in The Flight of the Shadow:" + }, + "ignominious": { + "definition": "Causing or marked by disgrace or dishonour; disgraceful, dishonourable; also (loosely), humiliating, shameful.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English ignominious (“disgraceful, shameful”), from Middle French ignominieux (modern French ignominieux), or from its etymon Latin ignōminiōsus (“disgraced; disgraceful, shameful, ignominious”), from ignōminia (“disgrace, dishonour, shame, ignominy”) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of; overly; prone to’ forming adjectives from nouns). Ignōminia is derived from ig- (variant of in- (prefix meaning not) + nōmen (“name; good name, reputation”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”)) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). By surface analysis, ignominy + -ious (suffix forming adjectives from nouns denoting the presence of a quality in any degree, typically an abundance).", + "sentence": "The time when the pseudovirtuous men and women die a painful and ignominious death has yet to come.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ignominious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "illative": { + "definition": "Of, or relating to an illation.", + "origin": "From Late Latin illātīvus (“illative”), from Latin illātus, perfect passive participle of inferō (“carry or bring into somewhere; bury; conclude”), from in + ferō (“bear, carry; suffer”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/illative", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "illicitly": { + "definition": "In an illicit manner; illegally, immorally, or inappropriately.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish illicit\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish illicitly\nFrom illicit + -ly.", + "sentence": "India is merely the geopsychic site for a cluster of undesirabilities that continue to be illicitly desired.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/illicitly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999, Balachandra Rajan, Under Western Eyes: India from Milton to Macaulay, page 91:" + }, + "illustrious": { + "definition": "Admired, distinguished, respected, or well-known.", + "origin": "From Latin illūstris (“bright, shining; distinguished, prominent, illustrious”) + -ous (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, to denote possession or presence of a quality in any degree). Illūstris is derived from illūstrō (“to brighten, illuminate; to make famous or illustrious”), from in- (“in, inside”) + lūstrō (“to purify by making a sacrifice; to brighten, illuminate”) (from lūstrō (“purificatory sacrifice”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine”) or *lewh₃- (“to wash”)).", + "sentence": "Really, for a man who had been out of practice for so many years, it was a splendid laugh, a most illustrious laugh.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/illustrious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Five. The End of It.”, in A Christmas Carol. […], London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 154:" + }, + "immolate": { + "definition": "To kill as a sacrifice by burning.", + "origin": "The adjective is first attested in 1534, the verb in 1548; borrowed from Latin immolātus, perfect passive participle of immolō (“to sacrifice”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/immolate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "immortality": { + "definition": "Never dying", + "origin": "From Middle English immortalitee, immortalite, from Old French immortalité, from Latin immortālitās. Morphologically immortal + -ity.", + "sentence": "In Greek mythology, Tithonus was granted immortality but not eternal youth.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/immortality", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "impasto": { + "definition": "The use of a thick-bodied paint to create peaks and crests that physically extend from the surface of a painting.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian impasto.", + "sentence": "He was thinking, ʽGot to get a subject where a man can weight the impasto in light.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impasto", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 63:" + }, + "impeachable": { + "definition": "Able to be impeached (of a person).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish impeach\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ābilis\nOld French -ablebor.\nMiddle English -able\nEnglish -able\nEnglish impeachable\nFrom impeach + -able.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impeachable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "impecunious": { + "definition": "Lacking money.", + "origin": "From im- + pecunious, from Latin pecūniōsus, from pecūnia (“money”) + -ōsus (“full of”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impecunious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "impediment": { + "definition": "A hindrance; that which impedes or obstructs progress; impedance.", + "origin": "From Middle English impediment, borrowed from Latin impedimentum.", + "sentence": "Your kind Deſire to knovv the State of my Health had not been unſatiſfied of ſo long, had not that ill State been the Impediment.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impediment", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1720 July 30 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Alexander Pope, “To the Same [Letter to the Honourable Robert Digby, from Mr. Pope]”, in Mr Pope’s Literary Correspondence for Thirty Years; from 1704 to 1734. […], volume I, London: […] E[dmund] Curll, […], published 1735, →OCLC, page 129:" + }, + "imperious": { + "definition": "Domineering, arrogant, or overbearing.", + "origin": "From Latin imperiōsus (“mighty, powerful”), from imperium (“command, authority, power”).", + "sentence": "She was quick, beautiful, imperious, while he was quiet, slow, and misty.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/imperious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1899, Stephen Crane, The Angel Child, Whilomville Stories:" + }, + "impermeable": { + "definition": "Impossible to permeate.", + "origin": "Apparently from im- + permeable. Compare French imperméable, from Latin impermeābilis, from im- + permeābilis (“permeable”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impermeable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "impetus": { + "definition": "Anything that impels; a stimulating factor.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin impetus (“a rushing upon, an attack, assault, onset”), from impetō (“to rush upon, attack”), from in- (“upon”) + petō (“to seek, fall upon”).", + "sentence": "The outbreak of World War II in 1939 gave a new impetus to receiver development.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impetus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "implacable": { + "definition": "Impossible to prevent or stop; inexorable, unrelenting, unstoppable.", + "origin": "From Middle English implācāble (“immitigable, unappeasable”) from Old French implacable (“harsh, unrelenting; implacable”) (modern French implacable), from Latin implācābilis (“unappeasable, implacable; irreconcilable”), from im- (variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘not’)) + plācābilis (“placable; appeasing, moderating, pacifying, propitiating; acceptable”) (from plācō (“to assuage, pacify, placate; to appease; to reconcile”) + -bilis (suffix forming adjectives indicating a capacity or worth of being acted upon)).", + "sentence": "The battleships Washington and South Dakota pushed through the sea with an implacable ease.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/implacable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011, James D. Hornfischer, “The Giants Ride”, in Neptune’s Inferno: The U.S. Navy at Guadalcanal, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →ISBN; trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, 2012, →ISBN, page 345:" + }, + "implicative": { + "definition": "Tending to implicate or to imply; pertaining to implication.", + "origin": "From implicate + -ive.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/implicative", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "impoverish": { + "definition": "To weaken in quality; to deprive of some strength or richness.", + "origin": "From Middle English empoverishen, impoverishen, empoverischen, enpoverisshen, Anglo-Norman empoveriss-, from Old French empoverir, from em- + povre, from Latin pauper (“poor”) (English poor).", + "sentence": "Yet if we throw out the sense of peace, order and joy that flows from religious ritual, we impoverish ourselves.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impoverish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1979 December 22, Nancy Walker, “The Reaffirmation of Life”, in Gay Community News, volume 2, number 22, page 16:" + }, + "impresario": { + "definition": "A manager or producer in the entertainment industry, especially music or theatre.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nProto-Indo-European *gʰed-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *gʰnédti\nProto-Italic *hendō\nProto-Italic *praiɣendō\nLatin prehendere\nVulgar Latin *imprehendere\nItalian imprenderedeverb.\nItalian impresa\nItalian -ario\nItalian impresariobor.\nEnglish impresario\nBorrowed from Italian impresario.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impresario", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "impromptu": { + "definition": "Improvised; without prior preparation, planning, or rehearsal.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin in prōmptū\nFrench impromptuubor.\nEnglish impromptu\nUnadapted borrowing from French impromptu.", + "sentence": "The party began with an impromptu rendition of “Happy Birthday”.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impromptu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ineffable": { + "definition": "Beyond expression in words; unspeakable.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Italic *n̥-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti\nProto-Italic *fāōr\nLatin for\nLatin effor\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin effābilis\nLatin ineffābilislbor.\nMiddle French ineffablebor.\nEnglish ineffable\nBorrowed from Middle French ineffable, a learned borrowing from Latin ineffābilis, from in- (“not”) + effābilis (“utterable”).", + "sentence": "Devotion bids aspire to nobler things, to boundless love, and joys ineffable: and such her expectation from kind Heav'n.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ineffable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1750, “Theodora”, Thomas Morell (lyrics), George Frideric Handel (music):" + }, + "ineluctable": { + "definition": "Impossible to avoid or escape; inescapable, irresistible.", + "origin": "From Middle French inéluctable (whence in- + e- and -able), from Latin inēlūctābilis, from in- + ēlūctor (“struggle out”) + -bilis.", + "sentence": "They have come under the yoke of ineluctable slavery.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ineluctable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1797, Alexander Shiels, A Hind Let Loose, Calton (Glasgow), page 541" + }, + "ineptitude": { + "definition": "The quality of being inept.", + "origin": "From Latin ineptitūdō. By surface analysis, inept + -itude.", + "sentence": "The curse has been Spanish ineptitude feeding Gibraltarian intransigence.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ineptitude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 August 14, Simon Jenkins, “Gibraltar and the Falklands deny the logic of history”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 22 Apr 2021:" + }, + "inerrancy": { + "definition": "Freedom from error.", + "origin": "From inerrant + -cy.", + "sentence": "Biblical inerrancy is the belief that the Bible is without error.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inerrancy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ingenuous": { + "definition": "Demonstrating childlike simplicity.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin ingenuus (“of noble character, frank”). Doublet of ingenu.", + "sentence": "It was very ingenuous of me.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ingenuous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “ch. 12”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:" + }, + "ingratiate": { + "definition": "To bring oneself into favour with someone by flattering or trying to please them; to insinuate oneself; to worm one's way in.", + "origin": "First attested in 1622. From Italian ingraziare or Medieval Latin *ingratiatus, from Latin in grātiam (“for the favor of”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ingratiate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "inimical": { + "definition": "Harmful in effect.", + "origin": "From Late Latin inimīcālis (“hostile”), from inimīcus (“enemy”) (from in- (“not”) + amīcus (“friend”)) + -ālis.", + "sentence": "She doesn’t want to touch it, and indeed every particle of her screams against doing so because it is somehow inimical to her.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inimical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020, N. K. Jemisin, The City We Became, Orbit, page 178:" + }, + "injurious": { + "definition": "Causing harm to one's reputation; invidious, defamatory, libelous, slanderous.", + "origin": "From Middle English injurious, from Anglo-Norman enjurius, from Latin iniūriōsus; analysable as injury + -ous.", + "sentence": "This injurious explanation dethroned the remainder of Bunson's dignity entirely.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/injurious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1913, Norman Lindsay, A Curate in Bohemia, Sydney: N.S.W. Bookstall Co., published 1932, page 111:" + }, + "inoculate": { + "definition": "To introduce into the mind (used especially of harmful ideas or principles).", + "origin": "First attested in c. 1440; inherited from Middle English inoculaten (“to graft”), from Latin inoculātus, perfect passive participle of inoculō (“to ingraft an eye or bud of one plant into (another), implant”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from in- (“in”) + oculus (“an eye”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "The Church tries to inoculate humanity with the imaginary goodness drawn down from a fabulous heaven, and from a priest-manufactured God.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inoculate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1860, John Watts, The Christian Doctrine of Man's Depravity Refuted, Watts & Company, page 14:" + }, + "insignia": { + "definition": "A patch or other object that indicates a person's official or military rank, or membership in a group or organization.", + "origin": "From Latin īnsīgnia, nominative plural of īnsīgne (“emblem, token, symbol”). Doublet of ensign.", + "sentence": "The little green men were clearly professional soldiers by their bearing, carried Russian weapons, and wore Russian combat fatigues, but they had no identifying insignia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/insignia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019 March 18, Steven Pifer, Five years after Crimea’s illegal annexation, the issue is no closer to resolution, The Center for International Security and Cooperation:" + }, + "instigate": { + "definition": "To bring about by urging or encouraging.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin īnstīgātus, perfect passive participle of īnstīgō (“to instigate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/instigate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "insufflator": { + "definition": "A form of injector for forcing air into a furnace.", + "origin": "From insufflate + -or.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/insufflator", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "interred": { + "definition": "Located.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interred", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "interrogative": { + "definition": "Asking or denoting a question.", + "origin": "From Late Latin interrogātīvus, equivalent to interrogate + -ive.", + "sentence": "The regular place of the interrogative word, of whatever kind, is at the beginning of the sentence, or as near it as possible.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interrogative", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1877, William Dwight Whitney, Essentials of English Grammar for the Use of Schools, §470:" + }, + "intersperse": { + "definition": "To scatter or insert something into or among other things.", + "origin": "From Latin interspergō, interspersus.", + "sentence": "When writing, I intersperse details.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intersperse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "intuitable": { + "definition": "Capable of being intuitively sensed or understood.", + "origin": "From intuit + -able.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intuitable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "inveterate": { + "definition": "Firmly established from having been around for a long time; of long standing.", + "origin": "The adjective is first attested in 1528, the verb in 1574; borrowed from Latin inveterātus (“of long standing, chronic”), perfect passive participle of inveterō and participial adjective (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from in- (“in, into”) + veterō (“to age”), from vetus, veteris (“old”). Cognate with Italian inveterato, French invétéré. By surface analysis, in- (“not, opposite”) + veterate.", + "sentence": "In Montpelier, where this prison stands, the inveterate prejudice against prisoners has been swept away.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inveterate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1911, Morrison I. Swift, “Humanizing the Prisons,”, in The Atlantic:" + }, + "inviolable": { + "definition": "Not violable; not to be infringed.", + "origin": "From Middle French inviolable, from Latin inviolābilis (“untouchable”), from violō (“violate”). Equivalent to in- + violable. Piecewise doublet of unviolable.", + "sentence": "But honeſt men’s words are Stygian oaths, and promiſes inviolable.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inviolable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "a. 1682, Sir Thomas Browne, “Christian Morals”, in Henry Gardiner, editor, Religio Medici, together with a Letter to a Friend on the Death of His Intimate Friend and Christian Morals, London: W. Pickering, published 1845, part III, page 337:" + }, + "iridescent": { + "definition": "Producing a display of lustrous, rainbow-like colors; prismatic.", + "origin": "Coined around 1800, from Latin iris, iridis (“rainbow”) + -escent.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/iridescent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "irrevocable": { + "definition": "Unable to be retracted or reversed; final.", + "origin": "From Middle French irrévocable, from Latin irrevocabilis; equivalent to ir- + revoke + -able.", + "sentence": "Once again, Mario Cipollini has announced his definite, absolute, unswerving and irrevocable decision to retire, and this time he means it.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/irrevocable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005 April 28, Samuel Abt, “Cycling: Cipo retires. Definitely. Absolutely. Yes. Probably”, in New York Times, retrieved 27 Apr 2014:" + }, + "Isle Royale": { + "definition": "An island of the Great Lakes located in the northwest of Lake Superior and part of the U.S. state of Michigan and a national park.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Isle%20Royale", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jarl": { + "definition": "A medieval Scandinavian nobleman, especially in Norway and Denmark.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *erlaz\nProto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ)\nOld Norse jarlbor.\nEnglish jarl\nFrom Old Norse jarl, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ). Cognates include Old English eorl. Doublet of earl and eorl.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jarl", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jaundiced": { + "definition": "Affected with jaundice.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nMiddle English jaundis\nEnglish jaundice\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish jaundiced\nFrom jaundice + -ed.", + "sentence": "Jaundiced eyes seem to see all objects yellow.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jaundiced", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1640, Joseph Hall, Episcopacy by Divine Right:" + }, + "jettison": { + "definition": "Items that have been or are about to be ejected from a boat or balloon to lighten the vessel.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman getteson, from Old French getaison, from geter, jeter (modern French: would be *jetaison like pendaison); possibly from a Vulgar Latin *iectātiō, from *iectātus < iectāre, from Latin iactō. Doublet of jetsam.", + "sentence": "The shoreline was littered with the floating jettison from the wrecked freighter.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jettison", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "jicama": { + "definition": "The edible root of the yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) used in salads in Central America and as a snack in Mexico.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Mexican Spanish jícama, from Classical Nahuatl xīcama, apocopic form of xīcamatl.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jicama", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jiggery-pokery": { + "definition": "Manipulation.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Scots joukery-pawkery (“trickery; deceit”) Attested in English since the nineteenth century. The earliest known use was in the Berkshire Chronicle in 1845.", + "sentence": "Member for Dover is suggesting that if all the facts were revealed, there would be less danger of people thinking that there was jiggery-pokery.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jiggery-pokery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1964, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).: House of Commons official report, Volume 707, H.M. Stationery Office, page 805:" + }, + "jingoism": { + "definition": "Excessive patriotism or aggressive nationalism, especially with regards to foreign policy.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish jingo\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish jingoism\nFrom jingo + -ism.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jingoism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jitney": { + "definition": "An informal lawn bowling, curling, or darts competition in which all players present are randomly drawn into teams.", + "origin": "1886, originally for a five-cent US coin (a nickel); use for taxis and buses due to these services originally charging five cents as fare, popularized circa 1915.\nThe etymology is uncertain; it is believed to originate from Louisiana Creole jetnée, from French jeton (“token, coin-sized metal disc”), though this is disputed. Evidence for the Louisiana Creole French origin includes the geographic distribution (Southeastern US, especially Black/African-American), and early spelling as gitney, which is common French spelling for the /ʒi/ pronunciation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jitney", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jocularity": { + "definition": "Joking, humorous remarks or behaviour.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish jocular\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish jocularity\nFrom jocular + -ity.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jocularity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jubilant": { + "definition": "In a state of elation.", + "origin": "From Latin iubilans (\"shouting for joy\").", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jubilant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "judicious": { + "definition": "Having, characterized by, or done with good judgment or sound thinking.", + "origin": "From French judicieux, ultimately derived from Latin iudico. Related to judge, judicial.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/judicious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "julienne": { + "definition": "A garnish of vegetables cut into long, thin strips.", + "origin": "From French julienne (1722), from given name Jules or Julien, presumably from an otherwise unknown chef of that name. Originally used in potage julienne (“Julienne potage, soup in the manner of Jules/Julien”), meaning “soup made from thin slices”; this sense is now known as chiffonade.", + "sentence": "I compose a Julienne of carrots, leeks, turnips, sorrel, French beans, celery, green peas, &c.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/julienne", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1812, M. Appert, anonymous translator, The Art of Preserving All Kinds of Animal and Vegetable Substances, translation of original in French:" + }, + "Jurassic": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the second period of the Mesozoic era, a time still dominated by dinosaurs.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French Jurassique, named for the discovery and type location in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland. The -assic suffix was extracted from Triassic.", + "sentence": "His father squinted at the skeleton. “What is it, Jurassic?” “Jeez.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Jurassic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990, Michael Crichton, Jurassic Park, Alfred A. Knopf, page 94:" + }, + "justiciable": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to justiciability; able to be evaluated and resolved by the courts; that can be adjudicated.", + "origin": "From Middle French justiciable.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/justiciable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jactance": { + "definition": "Boasting; bragging; showing off.", + "origin": "From French jactance.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jactance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jadeite": { + "definition": "A pyroxene mineral, a sodium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Na(Al,Fe³⁺)Si₂O₆, found in metamorphic rocks.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish jade\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nAncient Greek -της (-tēs)der.\nAncient Greek -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs)der.\nLatin -ītēslbor.\nFrench -iteder.\nEnglish -ite\nEnglish jadeite\nFrom jade + -ite.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jadeite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jalapeño": { + "definition": "A cultivar of hot chili pepper, Capsicum annuum.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jalape%C3%B1o", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jambalaya": { + "definition": "Any of various of rice-based dishes common in Louisiana Cajun or Creole cooking, most often with shrimp, oysters, chicken or ham.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Louisiana Creole jambalaya.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jambalaya", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "juvenilia": { + "definition": "Works produced during an artist's or author's youth.", + "origin": "From Latin iuvenīlia, neuter plural of iuvenīlis (“of or pertaining to youth”). By surface analysis, juvenile + -ia", + "sentence": "Lewis’s juvenilia is childlike, and the way it has been handled is childish.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/juvenilia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1996, Kathryn Lindskoog, Light in the Shadowlands: Protecting the Real C.S. Lewis:" + }, + "juxtapose": { + "definition": "To place side by side, especially for contrast or comparison.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French juxtaposer, corresponding to juxta- + pose, derived from Latin iuxtā (“near, next to”) + pōnō (“place”).", + "sentence": "The artist used contrasting colors to juxtapose light and dark.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/juxtapose", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "kanban": { + "definition": "A card containing a set of manufacturing specifications and requirements, used to regulate the supply of components.", + "origin": "From Japanese 看板 (かんばん, kanban), from 看 (kan, “visible”) + 板 (“board or card”), developed and first used in the Toyota Production System.", + "sentence": "It goes to processing line 1 to withdraw part a, and for this purpose it must take the sub-assembly kanban (called withdrawal kanban).", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kanban", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1986, David J. Lu, transl., edited by Japan Management Association, Kanban Just-in Time at Toyota: Management Begins at the Workplace, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 93:" + }, + "kanji": { + "definition": "The system of writing Japanese using Chinese characters.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 漢字(かんじ) (kanji, “Chinese characters”), from Middle Chinese 漢 (MC xanH, “Han dynasty, China”) + Middle Chinese 字 (MC dziH, “[written] character”) (Compare Korean 한자 (hanja), Mandarin 漢字 /汉字 (hànzì), Vietnamese Hán tự, Hokkien 漢字 /汉字 (hàn-jī / hàn-lī), Cantonese 漢字 /汉字 (hon³ zi⁶)). Doublet of hanja and Hanzi.", + "sentence": "Japanese is written in a mixture of kanji and kana.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kanji", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "karst": { + "definition": "A type of land formation, usually with many caves formed through the dissolving of limestone by underground drainage.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nItalo-Dalmatianbor.\nGerman Karstbor.\nEnglish karst\nBorrowed from German Karst. The German term and the Slovene placename Kras (the Karst Plateau) are from Proto-Slavic *korsъ, from Italo-Dalmatian carsus (cf. Italian carso), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard; rock”). More at Karst.\nThe metathesis in the Slovene term precludes German borrowing from Slovene.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/karst", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kerchief": { + "definition": "A piece of cloth used to cover the head; a bandana.", + "origin": "From Middle English keverchef, coverchef et al., from Old French couvrechief, from couvrir (“to cover”) + chief (“head”). Compare curfew.", + "sentence": "“Well, did you find some?” she asked from under the white kerchief, turning her handsome, gently smiling face to him.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kerchief", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1901 [1878], chapter 5, in Constance Garnett, transl., Anna Karenina, translation of Анна Каренина (Anna Karenina) by Leo Tolstoy, part 6:" + }, + "kinesiology": { + "definition": "The study of body movement.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *keyh₂-der.\nAncient Greek κῑνέω (kīnéō)\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Hellenic *-tis\nAncient Greek -τῐς (-tĭs)\nAncient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs)\nAncient Greek κῑ́νησῐς (kī́nēsĭs)\nEnglish kinesi-\nAncient Greek -ο- (-o-)der.\nLatin -o-bor.\nEnglish -o-\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *lóǵos\nProto-Hellenic *lógos\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin -logialbor.\nFrench -logiebor.\nEnglish -logy\nEnglish -ology\nEnglish kinesiology\nFrom kinesi- + -ology.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kinesiology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kleptocrat": { + "definition": "A ruling figure in a kleptocracy.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish klepto-\nProto-Indo-European *kret-der.\nAncient Greek κρᾰ́τος (krắtos)bor.\nEnglish -crat\nEnglish kleptocrat\nFrom klepto- + -crat.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kleptocrat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "koto": { + "definition": "A Japanese stringed instrument having numerous strings, usually seven or thirteen, that are stretched over a convex wooden sounding board and are plucked with three plectra, worn on the thumb, index finger, and middle finger of one hand.", + "origin": "From Japanese 箏 (koto).", + "sentence": "Seated on the soft carpet with their drinks, they listened to a recording of koto, Japanese thirteen-string harp.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/koto", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1962, Philip K. Dick, “The Man in the High Castle”, in Four Novels of the 1960s, Library of America, published 2007, page 94:" + }, + "krypton": { + "definition": "The chemical element (symbol Kr) with an atomic number of 36. It is a colourless, odourless noble gas that only reacts with fluorine. It is one of the rarest gases in the Earth's atmosphere.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden”) + -on, used for all noble gases.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/krypton", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kufi": { + "definition": "A type of brimless, rounded cap associated with various African nations or ethnicities.", + "origin": "Probably from Arabic كُوفِيَّة (kūfiyya, “keffiyeh”), perhaps via Swahili kofia (“hat”), though some sources suggest a connection to Yoruba fìlà (“cap”).", + "sentence": "Whenever Brown shows up, wearing his African kufi and confronting issues, I find myself nodding vigorously, for old-time’s sake.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kufi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008 March 2, George Vecsey, “The Primary Season Is Embracing Sports Images”, in New York Times:" + }, + "kugel": { + "definition": "A traditional savoury or sweet Jewish dish consisting of a baked pudding of pasta, potatoes, or rice, with vegetables, or raisins and spices.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Yiddish קוגל (kugl), from Middle High German kugel(e) (“ball”), referring to the roundish appearance of some puddings. Further etymology uncertain; see German Kugel for more.", + "sentence": "Many cooks prepare one kugel in honor of the Sabbath.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kugel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1988, “Evening and Morning Meals: Menu Plan”, in The Taste of Shabbos: The Complete Sabbath Cookbook, 2nd edition, Jerusalem, Israel: Aish HaTorah Women’s Organization, →ISBN, page 56:" + }, + "kung pao": { + "definition": "A Sichuan dish of chicken, pork, etc. with peanuts, chilis, etc.", + "origin": "From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 宮保 /宫保 (kung¹-pao³, “palatial guardian”), the title of Ding Baozhen, a late Qing Dynasty official born in Guizhou.", + "sentence": "Speaking of those peppercorns, they feature prominently, as they should, in Shiue’s take on kung pao.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kung%20pao", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 March 28, Joe Yonan, “Kung pao tofu is a spicy, tingly celebration of Sichuan cooking”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 16 May 2021:" + }, + "labroid": { + "definition": "Like or belonging to the suborder Labroidei of marine perciform fishes, often brilliantly coloured, and very abundant in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.", + "origin": "From Labrus + -oid.", + "sentence": "The tautog and cunner are American labroid fishes.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/labroid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "labyrinthine": { + "definition": "Physically resembling a labyrinth; with the qualities of a maze.", + "origin": "From labyrinth + -ine from Ancient Greek λᾰβύρῐνθος (lăbúrĭnthos, “a maze”).", + "sentence": "In the pyloric canal, muscular ridges are more fixed than elsewhere and produce quite a labyrinthine surface.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/labyrinthine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1996, Venkataraman Srinivasan, André Dubois, “Non-Human Primates”, in Steen Lindkær Jensen, Hans Gregerson, Mohammad Hosein Shokouh-Amin, Frank G. Moody, editors, Essentials of Experimental Surgery: Gastroenterology, page 27/4:" + }, + "laceration": { + "definition": "An irregular open wound to soft tissue.", + "origin": "From Latin lacerātiō, first attested in 1598. By surface analysis, lacerate + -tion. Compare lacerate.", + "sentence": "The doctor sewed up the laceration in his arm.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/laceration", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "laconic": { + "definition": "Of a speaker or writer, communicating through the use of as few words as possible.", + "origin": "From Latin Lacōnicus (“Spartan”), from Ancient Greek Λακωνικός (Lakōnikós, “Laconian”). Laconia was the region inhabited and ruled by the Spartans, who were known for their brevity in speech.", + "sentence": "His sense was strong and his style laconic.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/laconic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1738, Zachary Grey, An Attempt towards the Character of the Royal Martyr King Charles I:" + }, + "lacustrine": { + "definition": "Of or relating to lakes.", + "origin": "From Latin lacustris, from lacus (“lake”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lacustrine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "laity": { + "definition": "People of a church who are not ordained clergy or clerics.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman laite, from Latin laitas, from Ancient Greek λαός (laós, “people”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/laity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lambently": { + "definition": "In a lambent manner, brightly.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish lambent\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish lambently\nFrom lambent + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lambently", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lambkin": { + "definition": "A term of endearment.", + "origin": "From lamb + -kin.", + "sentence": "She has no real cognisance, dear lambkin, of anything at all.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lambkin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1919, Ronald Firbank, Valmouth, Duckworth, page 28:" + }, + "languorous": { + "definition": "lacking energy, spirit, liveliness or vitality; languid, lackadaisical.", + "origin": "From Middle French langoreux.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/languorous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lapidary": { + "definition": "A person who cuts and polishes, engraves, or deals in gems and precious stones.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Middle English lapidari, lapidarie (“person who cuts, polishes, or engraves precious stones; expert in precious stones; treatise on precious stones”) [and other forms], from Old French lapidaire (“gemsmith, lapidary”) (modern French lapidaire), or from its etymon Latin lapidārius (“(adjective) of stones, stony; (noun) stonecutter”), from lapidis (the genitive singular of lapis (“stone; (poetic) jewel, precious stone”), possibly from Pre-Greek or Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”)) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives).\nNoun senses 3.2 (“jewellery”) and 3.3 (“treatise on precious stones”) are derived from Latin lapidāria or lapidārium, a noun use of the neuter plural or genitive plural respectively of lapidāris (“of stone”, adjective), from lapidis (the genitive singular of lapis; see above) + -āris (suffix forming adjectives).\nThe stone-referent adjective is either:\n* a learned borrowing from Latin lapidārius (adjective); or\n* derived from the noun.\nAdjective sense 6 (“succint”) is by metaphor: the speaker or writer has cut and polished their locution, as it were.", + "sentence": "An excellent lapidary ſet theſe ſtones ſure, / Doe you mark their vvaters?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lapidary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1624 (first performance), John Fletcher, Rule a Wife and Have a Wife. A Comoedy. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Leonard Lichfield […], published 1640, →OCLC, Act V, scene i, page 56:" + }, + "larceny": { + "definition": "The unlawful taking of personal property as an attempt to deprive the legal owner of it permanently.", + "origin": "Coined in Middle English (as larceni) between 1425 and 1475 from Anglo-Norman larcin (“theft”), from Latin latrocinium (“robbery”), from latro (“robber, mercenary”), from Ancient Greek λάτρον (látron, “pay, hire”). Doublet of latrociny.", + "sentence": "“Why are you walking around,” inquired Oedipa, “with your eyes closed, Metzger?” “Larceny,” Metzger said, “maybe they'll need a lawyer.”", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/larceny", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 3, in The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 37:" + }, + "larnax": { + "definition": "A small closed coffin, box or cinerary urn often used as a container for human remains in Ancient Greece.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek λάρναξ (lárnax).", + "sentence": "Evans discovered in 1899 a painted larnax or sarcophagus, on which there is figured a great Mycenæan body shield.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/larnax", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1907, Ronald M. Burrows, The Discoveries In Crete, page 101:" + }, + "lassitude": { + "definition": "Lethargy or lack of energy; fatigue, languor, listlessness", + "origin": "Borrowed from French lassitude, from Latin lassitūdō (“faintness, weariness”), from lassus (“faint, weary”), perhaps for *ladtus, and thus akin to English late.", + "sentence": "Rufus Dawes, though his eyelids would scarcely keep open, and a terrible lassitude almost paralysed his limbs, eagerly drank in the whispered sentence.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lassitude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1833, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Heath's Book of Beauty, 1833-The Enchantress:" + }, + "latigo": { + "definition": "A strap used to tighten a cinch.", + "origin": "From Spanish látigo (“whip”), from Catalan or Portuguese látego (“whip”), probably from Gothic *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍄𐌿𐌲 (*laittug), cognate with Old English lāttēh.", + "sentence": "Leave the off-side latigo done up and use the near-side strap.\"", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/latigo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008, Linda Aksomitis, Longhorns and Outlaws, page 21:" + }, + "laudatory": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to praise, or the expression of praise.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin laudatōrius: compare Old French laudatoire.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/laudatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "laureate": { + "definition": "Crowned, or decked, with laurel.", + "origin": "First attested during the end of the 15th century, in Middle English; borrowed from Latin laureātus, from laurea (“laurel crown, wreath”, a high reward given to poets and later to the triumphant) + -ātus (forming adjectives indicating possession) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix)), from laureus (“of laurel”), from laurus (“laurel”). The verb was formed by metanalysis, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Cognate with French lauréat.", + "sentence": "To strew the laureate hearse where Lycid lies.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/laureate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1637 (date written; published 1638), John Milton, “Lycidas”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:" + }, + "lavender": { + "definition": "Any of a group of European plants, genus, Lavandula, of the mint family.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nMedieval Latin lavendulader.\nOld French lavendrebor.\nMiddle English lavendre\nEnglish lavender\nFrom Middle English lavendre, from Anglo-Norman lavendre (French lavande), from Medieval Latin lavendula, possibly from Latin lividus (“bluish”), but influenced by lavō (“to wash”) due to the use of lavender in washing clothes.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lavender", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "legato": { + "definition": "Smoothly, in a connected manner.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian legato, past participle of legare (“to tie up, tie together, to bind”), learned borrowing from Latin ligō (“tie, bind”). Doublet of ligate.", + "sentence": "Play this passage legato, not portato.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/legato", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "legerity": { + "definition": "Nimbleness or quickness of mind or body.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French legerete, from Old French legierte, from legier + -te; by surface analysis, leger (“light”) + -ity. Compare levity.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/legerity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lemniscus": { + "definition": "One of two oval bodies hanging from the interior walls of the body in the Acanthocephala.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin lēmniscus (“pendent ribbon”), from Ancient Greek λημνῐ́σκος (lēmnĭ́skos), from Λῆμνος (Lêmnos, “a Greek island Lemnos”) + -ίσκος (-ískos, “noun-forming diminutive suffix”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lemniscus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "luthier": { + "definition": "A person who, or a business which, makes or repairs stringed wooden musical instruments, such as lutes, violins, and guitars.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French luthier, from luth (“lute”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/luthier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lutrine": { + "definition": "Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of an otter.", + "origin": "From Latin lūtra (“otter”), from luō (“wash”) + -ine.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lutrine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "luxuriate": { + "definition": "To enjoy luxury, to indulge.", + "origin": "First attested in 1621; borrowed from Latin lūxuriātus, perfect passive participle of lūxuriō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "Luxuriate in the wonderful service of our five-star hotel.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/luxuriate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "leviathan": { + "definition": "Very large; enormous, gargantuan.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Middle English leviathan, levyathan, levyethan, from Late Latin leviathan, a transliteration of Biblical Hebrew לִוְיָתָן (liwyāṯān), possibly from לִוְיָה (liwyâ, “garland, wreath”) + ־תָּן (-tān, suffix forming agent nouns), literally “the tortuous one”.\nNoun sense 2.2 (“political state”) was coined by English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) in his work Leviathan (1651): see the quotation. Noun sense 2.3 (“synonym of Satan”) refers to Isaiah 27:1 in the Bible (King James Version, spelling modernized): “In that day the Lord with his sore and great and strong sword shall punish Leviathan the piercing serpent, even Leviathan that crooked serpent, and he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea.”\nThe adjective is from an attributive use of the noun.", + "sentence": "Her virtuous, pale-blue, saucerlike eyes flooded with leviathan tears on unexpected occasions and made Yossarian mad.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leviathan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 171:" + }, + "liaise": { + "definition": "To establish a liaison.", + "origin": "Back-formation from liaison, itself from French liaison (“binding”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liaise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lidocaine": { + "definition": "A crystalline compound, C₁₄H₂₂N₂O, that is used in the form of its hydrochloride as a local anesthetic and as an antiarrhythmic agent.", + "origin": "From (acetani)lid(e) + -o- + -caine, from cocaine.", + "sentence": "In addition, 0.5 ml of 1% lidocaine HCl was injected subcutaneously in the postauricular area for local anesthesia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lidocaine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015 August 27, “Intracochlear Bleeding Enhances Cochlear Fibrosis and Ossification: An Animal Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:" + }, + "limned": { + "definition": "described or represented in a lifelike manner", + "origin": "From limn + -ed.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/limned", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "limousine": { + "definition": "An automobile body with seats and permanent top like a coupe, and with the top projecting over the driver and a projecting front.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French limousine, from region Limousin, originally an adjective referring to the city Limoges, from Latin Lemovices (adjective Lemovicīnus), name of a Gaulish tribe in central France, most likely a reference to their elm bows and spears, of same ultimate origin as elm. First attested in 1902.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/limousine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "limpa": { + "definition": "Swedish-style rye bread made with molasses.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Swedish limpa (“loaf [of bread]”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/limpa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "limpet": { + "definition": "Someone clingy or dependent; someone disregarding or ignorant of another's personal space.", + "origin": "From Middle English lempet, from Old English lempedu (“lamprey”), borrowed from Medieval Latin lampreda, alteration of Late Latin lampetra (“lamprey”), whose further origin is unknown, though is traditionally thought to derive from lambō (“to lick, lap”) + petra (“stone, rock”). Doublet of lamprey, which came through Old French.", + "sentence": "He stuck to me like a limpet all day!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/limpet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "limpid": { + "definition": "Clear, transparent or bright.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin limpidusbor.\nFrench limpideder.\nEnglish limpid\nFrom French limpide, from Latin limpidus.", + "sentence": "The limpid glass doors reveal the living room clearly from the dining room.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/limpid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "limpkin": { + "definition": "A large bird, Aramus guarauna, found in marshes in the Caribbean, Central America and southern Florida.", + "origin": "Perhaps from limp, from its jerky manner of walking, + -kin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/limpkin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lingua franca": { + "definition": "A common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar, particularly, one that is not the first language of any of its speakers.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian lingua franca (literally “Frankish language”).", + "sentence": "Malay is the lingua franca of several Southeast Asia countries and has been simplified by its use as a second language by non-native speakers.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lingua%20franca", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 April 25, John Malathronas, “Which languages are easiest – and most difficult – for native English speakers to learn?”, in CNN, archived from the original on 22 Mar 2022:" + }, + "linnet": { + "definition": "A house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), of North America.", + "origin": "From Old French linette, from lin (“flax”), from the bird's fondness for the seeds of flax, the source of linen and Old English līnete, līnetwige (“linnet”) (> dialectal English lintwhite).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/linnet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "linstock": { + "definition": "A pointed forked staff, shod with iron at the foot, to hold a lighted match for firing cannon.", + "origin": "Corrupted from luntstock, Dutch lontstok, from lont (“lunt”) + stok (“stock, stick”). See link (“a torch”), lunt, and stock.", + "sentence": "The ship no sooner crossed the schooner's bows than a Malay ran forward with a linstock.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/linstock", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1863, Charles Reade, chapter VIII, in Hard Cash: A Matter-of-Fact Romance, volume I, Boston: Dana Estes & Co, page 222:" + }, + "lithium": { + "definition": "The simplest alkali metal, the lightest solid element, and the third lightest chemical element (symbol Li) with an atomic number of 3 and atomic weight of 6.94. It is a soft, silvery metal.", + "origin": "From New Latin lithium, from Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “stone”) + -ium.", + "sentence": "The importance of lithium-ion batteries makes lithium a potentially strategic natural resource.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lithium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "lithophone": { + "definition": "Any musical instrument in which sound is produced by percussion of a stone.", + "origin": "From litho- + -phone.", + "sentence": "We have already mentioned the ten note neolithic lithophone from Vietnam, but such instruments have died out.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lithophone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1970, Musical instruments: handbook to the Museum's collection, Horniman Museum, →OCLC, page 25:" + }, + "litmus": { + "definition": "A dyestuff extracted from certain lichens, that changes color when exposed to pH levels greater than or less than certain critical levels.", + "origin": "From Middle English litmose, lytmose, litemose, from Old Norse litmosi (“moss used for dyeing”), from lita (“to dye, stain”) + mosi (“moss”), the former from litr (“colour, dye, blee”), from Proto-Germanic *wlitiz, *wlituz (“appearance, blee”), from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”). Cognate with Old English wlite (“appearance, form, brightness, countenance”). More at moss.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/litmus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lobotomy": { + "definition": "An act of removing or separating, and often disregarding or forgetting, something.", + "origin": "From lob(e) + -otomy (a variant of -tomy (suffix denoting a surgical incision)).", + "sentence": "Put another way, how can we avoid an ethical lobotomy in establishing an organizational perspective?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lobotomy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002 October, Ron Elsdon, “The Central Dilemma”, in Affiliation in the Workplace: Value Creation in the New Organization, Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, part I (Framing the Environment and Issues), page 21:" + }, + "locavore": { + "definition": "One who tries to eat only locally grown foods.", + "origin": "From loca(l) + -vore. Coined by Jen Maiser, Jessica Prentice, Sage Van Wing, and DeDe Sampson, co-founders of the “Locavores” web site in 2005.", + "sentence": "They are a locavore’s (someone who eats food produced within 100 miles of he lives) paradise.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/locavore", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, Brenda Berstler, Home Plate: The Culinary Road Trip of Cooperstown: A Guidebook for the Discerning Visitor, Savor New York, →ISBN, page 243:" + }, + "loch": { + "definition": "A bay or arm of the sea.", + "origin": "From Middle English lough, borrowed from Scottish Gaelic loch. Doublet of lay, Looe, and lough.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loch", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "logarithmic": { + "definition": "Of or relating to logarithms.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish logarithm\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish logarithmic\nFrom logarithm + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/logarithmic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "logographic": { + "definition": "Of, related to, or composed of logographs.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *lóǵos\nProto-Hellenic *lógos\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)bor.\nEnglish logo-\nEnglish graph\nEnglish logograph\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish logographic\nFrom logograph + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/logographic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "longitude": { + "definition": "Angular distance measured west or east of the prime meridian.", + "origin": "From Middle English, borrowed from Old French longitude, from Latin longitūdō (“length, a measured length”), from longus (“long”).", + "sentence": "But was it responsible governance to pass the Longitude Act without other efforts to protect British seamen?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/longitude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012 March 14, William E. Carter, Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 87:" + }, + "lorikeet": { + "definition": "Any of various small, brightly coloured parrots native to Australasia. They are usually classified in the subfamily Loriinae.", + "origin": "Blend of lory + parakeet.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lorikeet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lossy": { + "definition": "Of an algorithm for converting or compressing data, reducing the amount of information in data.", + "origin": "From loss + -y.", + "sentence": "JPEG is a lossy image compression format.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lossy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "lousicide": { + "definition": "A substance that kills lice.", + "origin": "From louse + -icide.", + "sentence": "DDT is probably the most effective lousicide and insecticide to be developed.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lousicide", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "year 1945, Annual Report of the Federal Security Agency FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1945, SECTION ONE Food and Drug Administration, Washington: UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, page 6:" + }, + "lovage": { + "definition": "A perennial Mediterranean herb, of species Levisticum officinale, with odor and flavor resembling celery.", + "origin": "From Middle English loveache, a folk-etymological alteration, after love and ache (“parsley”), of Anglo-Norman luvasche and Old French luvache, loveche et al., and Middle French levesche, from Latin levisticum, probably alteration of Latin ligusticum, substantivization of the neuter of Ligusticus (“Ligurian”), ultimately from Ancient Greek Λιγυστικός (Ligustikós, “Ligurian”), from Λίγυς (Lígus, “Ligurian”). This replaced the Old English name lufestiċe (literally “love-stitch”), which was also derived from levisticum and altered by folk-etymology.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lovage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ludicrous": { + "definition": "Idiotic or unthinkable, often to the point of being funny; amusing by being plainly incongruous or absurd.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin lūdicrus. First attested in 1619.", + "sentence": "He made a ludicrous attempt to run for office.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ludicrous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "lugubrious": { + "definition": "Gloomy, mournful or dismal, especially to an exaggerated degree.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin lūgubris (“mournful; gloomy”), with the suffix -ious.", + "sentence": "His client’s lugubrious expression tipped off the detective that something lurked beneath her optimistic words.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lugubrious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "lumen": { + "definition": "In the International System of Units, the derived unit of luminous flux; the light that is emitted in a solid angle of one steradian from a source of one candela. Symbol: lm.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin lūmen (“light, an opening”). Use as a unit was first adopted by French physicist André Blondel in 1894.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lumen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "machination": { + "definition": "A clever scheme or artful plot, usually crafted for evil purposes.", + "origin": "From Middle English machynacion, machynacyon, from Middle French machination and directly Latin māchinātiōnem, from māchinor (“devise, invent”). By surface analysis, machinate + -ion or machine + -ation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/machination", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mackerel": { + "definition": "Typically Scomber scombrus in the British isles.", + "origin": "From Middle English mackerell, macrell, macrelle, makarell, makerel, makerell, makerelle, makrel, makrell, makyrelle, from Old French maquerel. Further origin unknown.", + "sentence": "He sometimes pinches the maids till their arms are as many colours as a mackerel’s back.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mackerel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1926, Hope Mirrlees, chapter 6, in Lud-in-the-Mist, London: Millennium, published 2000, page 68:" + }, + "macropterous": { + "definition": "Having long wings or fins; especially used in zoological or entomological contexts to describe animals (often insects) that possess well‑developed wings.", + "origin": "From macro- + -pterous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macropterous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "macular": { + "definition": "Relating to the macula, the area of the retina responsible for detailed central vision", + "origin": "From macula or macule + -ar.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "malapropism": { + "definition": "The blundering use of an absurdly inappropriate word or expression in place of a similar-sounding one.", + "origin": "From the name of Mrs. Malaprop, a character in the play The Rivals (1775) by Richard Brinsley Sheridan + -ism. As dramatic characters in English comic plays of this time often had allusive names, it is likely that Sheridan fashioned the name from malapropos (“inappropriate; inappropriately”), from French mal à propos. Mrs. Malaprop is a classic example of a familiar comedic character archetype who unintentionally substitutes inappropriate but like-sounding words that take on a ludicrous meaning when used incorrectly.", + "sentence": "The script employed malapropism to great effect.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malapropism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "malevolent": { + "definition": "Having or displaying ill will; wishing harm on others.", + "origin": "From Middle English *malevolent (suggested by Middle English malevolence), from Old French malivolent and Latin malevolentem, from male (“badly, wrongly”) + volens (“willing, wishing”), from velle (“to wish”).", + "sentence": "After she witnessed the death of a colleague, Manning felt how “with enough grief, adrenaline and fear”, war can turn anyone “amoral, even malevolent”.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malevolent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022 October 27, Simon Parkin, “README.txt by Chelsea Manning review – secrets and spies”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:" + }, + "malfeasance": { + "definition": "Wrongdoing.", + "origin": "From Old French malfaisance, derived from malfaire, maufaire (“to do evil”), from Latin malefaciō (“to do evil”), from male (“evilly”) + faciō (“to do, make”).", + "sentence": "For starters, back-burnering malfeasance, usually in the form of graft, risks repeating the kind of disastrous mistakes that the United States made in Afghanistan.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malfeasance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2024 August 14, Anna Mulrine Grobe, “US weapons help Ukraine advance. Will concerns about corruption put that at risk?”, in The Christian Science Monitor:" + }, + "malinger": { + "definition": "To feign illness, injury, or incapacitation in order to avoid work, obligation, or perilous risk.", + "origin": "From French malingrer, from adjective malingre (“delicate, fragile”).", + "sentence": "It is not uncommon on exam days for several students to malinger rather than prepare themselves.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malinger", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "mandrill": { + "definition": "A primate, Mandrillus sphinx, with a colorful face and rump.", + "origin": "From man + drill (“Mandrillus leucophaeus”). Displaced earlier English man-tiger. First attested in 1744.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mandrill", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mano a mano": { + "definition": "A head-on conflict or direct competition.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish mano a mano (literally “hand-to-hand”); on equal footing, neither of two participants having any distinct advantage.", + "sentence": "The public debate became a heated mano a mano between the two leading candidates.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mano%20a%20mano", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "manumit": { + "definition": "To release (someone) from slavery; to free.", + "origin": "From Middle English manumitten, from Latin manūmittere, from pre-Classical Latin manū ēmittere (literally “send out from one’s hand”).", + "sentence": "But masters could manumit their slaves, who thus became Roman citizens, with some restrictions.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manumit", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1867, John Lord, The Old Roman World: the Grandeur and Failure of Its Civilization:" + }, + "marimba": { + "definition": "A percussion instrument with African origins, similar to a xylophone with resonators, but much lower in range and darker in timbre.", + "origin": "From Portuguese marimba, via a Bantu source, perhaps Kimbundu marimba (“xylophone”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marimba", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "millivolt": { + "definition": "One thousandth (10⁻³) of a volt, abbreviated as mV.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *sm̥-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ih₂\nProto-Indo-European *smih₂\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-\nProto-Indo-European *-lom\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-ih₂\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslih₂\nProto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂\nProto-Italic *smīɣeslī\nLatin mīlleder.\nFrench milli-\nEnglish milli-\nEnglish volt\nEnglish millivolt\nFrom milli- + volt.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/millivolt", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "minette": { + "definition": "The smallest of regular sizes of portrait photographs.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/minette", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "minuscule": { + "definition": "Very small; tiny.", + "origin": "From French minuscule, from Latin minuscula, feminine of minusculus (“rather less, rather small”), from minus (“less, smaller”) + -culus (diminutive suffix).", + "sentence": "And for online adverts the “conversion” into sales was a minuscule 0.01%.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/minuscule", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8837, page 74:" + }, + "Miranda": { + "definition": "One of the moons of the planet of Uranus.", + "origin": "Coined by William Shakespeare for a character in The Tempest; feminine of Latin mirandus (“admirable”).", + "sentence": "A patchwork of cratered terrain and younger, complex formations, Miranda may have been repeatedly shattered by collisions and reassembled by gravity.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Miranda", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990 August, Bradford A. Smith, “Voyage of the Century”, in National Geographic, volume 178, number 2, page 63:" + }, + "misnomer": { + "definition": "A term which is misleading, even if firmly established, technically correct, or both.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Late Middle English misnoumer (“(law) mistaken identification of a person; plea based on such misidentification”), from Anglo-Norman mesnomer, a noun use of Anglo-Norman mesnomer, mesnommer, and Old French mesnomer, mesnommer (“to name incorrectly”), from mes- (prefix meaning ‘badly, wrongly’) + nomer, nommer (“to name”) (from Latin nōmināre, the present active infinitive of nōminō (“to name”), from nōmen (“name”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "The name Chinese checkers is a misnomer since the game has nothing to do with China.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/misnomer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "mitigative": { + "definition": "Serving to mitigate.", + "origin": "From mitigate + -ive.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mitigative", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mitochondria": { + "definition": "mitochondrion.", + "origin": "See above.", + "sentence": "The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mitochondria", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "mochi": { + "definition": "A small Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 餅(もち) (mochi).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mochi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "modiste": { + "definition": "A person who makes or sells fashionable women's clothing, especially dresses or hats.", + "origin": "From French modiste. Compare modist.", + "sentence": "Her dresses – about 150 each year – are made by Rose Bertin, an expensive but necessary modiste with premises on the rue Saint-Honoré.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modiste", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Hilary Mantel, A Place of Greater Safety, Harper Perennial, published 2007, page 46:" + }, + "moissanite": { + "definition": "Crystalline silicon carbide with various crystalline polymorphs, either naturally-occurring or synthetic.", + "origin": "From Moissan + -ite; the mineral form of silicon carbide was named moissanite in honor of chemist Henri Moissan.^([1]) ².", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moissanite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mollify": { + "definition": "To ease a burden, particularly to ease a worry; make less painful; to comfort.", + "origin": "From Middle English mollifien, from Late Latin mollificō, from Latin mollis (“soft”). By surface analysis, Latin moll- + -ify.", + "sentence": "Her calm explanation helped mollify their concerns.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mollify", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "monitory": { + "definition": "Giving admonition and warning.", + "origin": "From Latin monitorius.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monitory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "monochrome": { + "definition": "Having only one colour.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek μονόχρωμος (monókhrōmos), from μόνος (mónos, “one”) + χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”); mono- + -chrome.", + "sentence": "They are often used as decorations, like in set 9526 Star Wars Palpatine Arrest (2012) were two pearl gold monochrome minifigures represent statues.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monochrome", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019 July 3, Filip, “LEGO Microfigures, Minifigures, and Nanofigures”, in Minifigures Blog, archived from the original on 26 Sep 2021:" + }, + "marionette": { + "definition": "A puppet, usually made of wood, which is animated by the pulling of strings.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French marionnette. The word had originally meant a small statue of the Virgin Mary, then also a puppet of her used in religious theatrical presentations, finally generalised to any puppet.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marionette", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "marring": { + "definition": "Something that mars or spoils; a blemish.", + "origin": "From mar + -ing.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marring", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "marsupial": { + "definition": "A mammal of the infraclass Marsupialia, including those where the female has a pouch in which it rears the young through early infancy, such as kangaroos, koalas, wombats and opossums, as well as the pouchless shrew opossums.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin marsūpial, from marsūpiālis (“of a purse”) and marsūpium (“purse, pouch”), from Ancient Greek μαρσύπιον (marsúpion) or μαρσύππιον (marsúppion), variants of μαρσίππιον (marsíppion), diminutive of μάρσιππος (mársippos, “bag, pouch”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marsupial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mastodon": { + "definition": "Extinct elephant-like mammal of the genus †Mammut that flourished worldwide from Miocene through Pleistocene times; differs from elephants and mammoths in the form of the molar teeth.", + "origin": "First attested 1813, from translingual Mastodon (1806), coined by French naturalist Georges Cuvier, from masto- (“breast”) + -odon (“tooth”), due to the mammilloid (“nipple-shaped”) projections on the crowns of the extinct mammal's molars.", + "sentence": "When, exactly, Europeans first stumbled upon the bones of an American mastodon is unclear.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mastodon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, chapter 2, in The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Henry Holt and Company:" + }, + "matriculation": { + "definition": "Enrollment in a college or university.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/matriculation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mawkish": { + "definition": "Excessively or falsely sentimental; showing a sickly excess of sentiment.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish mawk\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Germanic *-iskaz\nProto-West Germanic *-isk\nOld English -isċ\nMiddle English -isch\nEnglish -ish\nEnglish mawkish\nFrom mawk + -ish.", + "sentence": "The tabloids branded him James Hewitt forevermore as the “love rat,” and Pasternak was excoriated for peddling mawkish fantasy.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mawkish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022 April 5, Tina Brown, “How Princess Diana’s Dance With the Media Impacted William and Harry”, in Vanity Fair:" + }, + "McCoy": { + "definition": "A surname.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/McCoy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Mecca": { + "definition": "A unisex given name, mostly borne by women.", + "origin": "From Arabic مَكَّة (Makka) of uncertain etymology. In American place names, in reference to the Arabian city.", + "sentence": "Mecca Marie Varney and son are successful lecturers and debaters on various topics of current interest, such as suffrage, etc.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mecca", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1912, The Arrow of Pi Beta Phi, page 107:" + }, + "medusa": { + "definition": "A jellyfish; specifically, a non-polyp form of individual cnidarians, consisting of a gelatinous umbrella-shaped bell and trailing tentacles.", + "origin": "By appellativization from Medusa.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/medusa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "megalomaniac": { + "definition": "One affected with or exhibiting megalomania.", + "origin": "By surface analysis, megalomania + -ac, or, by surface analysis, megalo- + -maniac.", + "sentence": "He's a raving megalomaniac, thought Bond.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/megalomaniac", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1954, Ian Fleming, “No Sensayuma”, in Live and Let Die, London: Pan Books, published 1957, page 76:" + }, + "melee": { + "definition": "A battle fought at close range, (especially) one not involving ranged weapons; hand-to-hand combat; brawling.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French mêlée, from Old French meslee, feminine past participle of mesler (“to mix”), derived from Latin misceō (“mix”). Doublet of medley.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/melee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "melismatic": { + "definition": "Of, relating to, or being a melisma; the style of singing several notes to one syllable of text.", + "origin": "From melismata + -ic or melisma + -tic.", + "sentence": "The melismatic content of this chant lies at the extreme of what is typical for responsories, usually considered among the most melismatic chant types.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/melismatic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, James Grier, The Musical World of a Medieval Monk: Adémar de Chabannes in Eleventh-century Aquitaine, Cambridge University Press, page 358:" + }, + "menagerie": { + "definition": "A collection of live wild animals as an exhibition historically associated with the aristocracy and considered a precursor of modern zoos.", + "origin": "From French ménagerie, derived from ménager (“to keep house”), household. Housekeeping used to include taking care of domestic animals.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/menagerie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mendacious": { + "definition": "Lying, untruthful or dishonest.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French mendacieux, from Latin mendācium (“lie, untruth”), from mendāx (“lying”), + -ious.", + "sentence": "He was dismissed as a mendacious witness.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mendacious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "mendicity": { + "definition": "the state of being a beggar; mendicancy or beggary", + "origin": "From Old French mendicité, from Latin mendicitas.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mendicity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "meningitis": { + "definition": "Inflammation of the meninges, characterized by headache, neck stiffness and photophobia and also fever, chills, vomiting and myalgia.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mênĭnx) + -itis, equivalent to meninge + -itis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meningitis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mephitic": { + "definition": "Foul-smelling or noxious, particularly of a gas or atmosphere.", + "origin": "From Latin mephīticus, from mephītis; compare French méphitique.", + "sentence": "\"I could have borne the sight of his crutch,\" said she, \"but the crutch and the nephew together really oppress me like a mephitic vapour.\"", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mephitic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter LXI, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 151–152:" + }, + "merganser": { + "definition": "Any of various diving ducks of the genera Mergus or Lophodytes, which feed on fish and have a sharply serrated bill.", + "origin": "From Late Latin merganser, from Latin mergus (“waterfowl, diver”), from mergō (“to dip, immerse”) + ānser (“goose”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/merganser", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "meridian": { + "definition": "The highest or most developed point, or most splendid stage, of something; culmination, peak, zenith.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *me\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰe\nProto-Indo-European *médʰi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *médʰyos\nProto-Italic *meðios\nLatin medius\nProto-Indo-European *dyew-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dyḗws\nProto-Italic *djous\nLatin diēs\nLatin medīdiēs\nLatin merīdiēs\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin merīdiānusder.\nMiddle English meridian\nEnglish meridian\nThe noun is derived from Late Middle English meridian, meridien (“midday, noon; position of the sun at noon; the south; longitude of a place; (astronomy) celestial meridian”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman meridien (“midday”), Middle French meridien (“midday; the south; terrestrial meridian; (astronomy) celestial meridian”) (modern French méridien), and Old French meridiane, meridiiene, and from their etymon Latin merīdiānum (“midday; position of the sun at noon; the south”), a noun use of the neuter form of merīdiānus (“relating to midday; southern”); see further at etymology 1.\nSense 1.1 (“celestial meridian”) is ultimately modelled after Latin merīdiāna līnea (“meridian line”). Sense 5.2 (“midday rest; siesta”) is modelled after Late Latin meridiana (“midday; midday rest”), probably short for Latin merīdiāna hōra (“midday time”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "This was the moment at which the fortunes of Montague reached the meridian.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meridian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XXIII, in Lady Trevelyan (Hannah More Macaulay), editor, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume V, London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, →OCLC, page 67:" + }, + "merino": { + "definition": "The fabric made from this wool (or from any similar yarn).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish merino.", + "sentence": "The Priest pulled the light merino carriage rug higher about his knees.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/merino", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1919, Ronald Firbank, Valmouth (hardback), Duckworth, page 5:" + }, + "mesial": { + "definition": "Pertaining to the midline of the body.", + "origin": "Irregular derivation from Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos).", + "sentence": "His pale Galilean eyes were upon her mesial groove.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mesial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1922 February 2, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company […], →OCLC:" + }, + "Mesopotamian": { + "definition": "Of, from or relating to Mesopotamia", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *me\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰe\nProto-Indo-European *médʰi\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *médʰyos\nProto-Hellenic *métsos\nAncient Greek μέσος (mésos)\nProto-Indo-European *peth₂-der.?\nAncient Greek ποταμός (potamós)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ιος (-ios)\nAncient Greek μεσοποτάμῐος (mesopotámĭos)\nAncient Greek Μεσοποταμίᾱ (Mesopotamíā)bor.\nLatin Mesopotamialbor.\nEnglish Mesopotamia\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish Mesopotamian\nFrom Mesopotamia + -an. Compare with French mésopotamien.", + "sentence": "Mesopotamian marshlands return to life as they become officially recognised as Iraq’s first national park.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mesopotamian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 Autumn, Veronique Mistiaen, “Iraq’s first national park approved” (main, front-page article) in Positive News, issue 77, page 1, sub-headline" + }, + "metaplasia": { + "definition": "The conversion of one type of tissue into another.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metaplasia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "metastasize": { + "definition": "Of a disease (especially cancer) or a tumour: to form a metastasis (“a secondary focus away from the primary site”) in (a body organ).", + "origin": "From metastasis + -ize (suffix forming verbs meaning to do things denoted by the adjectives or nouns the suffix is attached to). Metastasis is a learned borrowing from Late Latin metastasis (“(rhetoric) rapid or sudden transition from one argument, point, or topic to another”), and from its etymons Koine Greek μετάστασις (metástasis, “(rhetoric) rapid or sudden transition from one argument, point, or topic to another”) and Ancient Greek μετάστασις (metástasis, “change; removal; (medicine) movement of disease, pain, etc., from one part of the body to another”), from μετᾰ- (metă-, prefix denoting change in condition or position) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂) + στᾰ́σῐς (stắsĭs, “condition, state; position”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)), modelled after μεθιστάναι (methistánai, “to change; to remove”).\nThe use of French métastase (“metastasis”) to refer to the spread of cancer was coined in 1829 by the French gynecologist Joseph Récamier (1774–1852).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metastasize", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "metatarsal": { + "definition": "Of the metatarsus.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *me\nProto-Indo-European *meth₂?\nAncient Greek μετᾰ́ (metắ)\nAncient Greek μετᾰ- (metă-)lbor.\nEnglish meta-\nEnglish tarsal\nEnglish metatarsal\nFrom meta- + tarsal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metatarsal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "millennial": { + "definition": "Thousand-year-old; also (by extension, loosely) thousands of years old.", + "origin": "The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin mīllennium (“millennium”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns). The English word may be analysed as millennium + -al or milli- (prefix meaning ‘thousand’) + -ennial (suffix meaning ‘years’).\nAdjective sense 5 (“of or relating to, or characteristic of, people born in the last two decades of the 20th century”) was coined by the American authors William Strauss (1947–2007) and Neil Howe (born 1951) in their book Generations (1991): see the quotations.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/millennial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "millet": { + "definition": "Any of a group of various types of grass or its grains used as food, widely cultivated in the developing world.", + "origin": "From late Middle English, borrowed from Middle French millet; from Latin milium, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”), see also Ancient Greek μελίνη (melínē, “millet”) and Lithuanian málnos (“millet”). Not related to مِلَّة (milla).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/millet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "millisecond": { + "definition": "An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻³ seconds. Symbol: ms", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *sm̥-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ih₂\nProto-Indo-European *smih₂\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-\nProto-Indo-European *-lom\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-ih₂\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslih₂\nProto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂\nProto-Italic *smīɣeslī\nLatin mīlleder.\nFrench milli-\nEnglish milli-\nOld French secondebor.\nMiddle English secunde\nEnglish second\nEnglish millisecond\nFrom milli- + second.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/millisecond", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "monture": { + "definition": "A mounting, setting, or frame.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French monture.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "moratorium": { + "definition": "A suspension of an ongoing activity.", + "origin": "New Latin from Late Latin morātōrium, noun use of the neuter of morātōrius (“moratory, delaying”), from Latin moror (“to delay”), from mora (“delay”), from Proto-Indo-European *mere (“to delay, hinder”). See also moratory.", + "sentence": "Canada may put a moratorium on cloning for research.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moratorium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "mordant": { + "definition": "Any substance used to facilitate the fixing of a dye to a fibre; usually a metallic compound which reacts with the dye using chelation.", + "origin": "From French mordant, from Latin mordeō. Doublet of mordent.", + "sentence": "In dyeing two mediums are required, the colouring matter and the mordant which fixes the dye in the wool.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mordant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1964, L.F. Salzman, English Industries of the Middle Ages, page 208:" + }, + "Moroccan": { + "definition": "A person from Morocco.", + "origin": "From Morocco + -an.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Moroccan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "morphological": { + "definition": "Of, or pertaining to, morphology.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish morphology\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish morphological\nFrom morphology + -ical.", + "sentence": "In much the same way, morphological competence is reflected in the native speaker's intuitions about morphological well-formedness and structure.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/morphological", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1988, Andrew Radford, Transformational Grammar, Cambridge: University Press, →ISBN, page 5:" + }, + "mortician": { + "definition": "An undertaker or funeral director; especially, one who is also the embalmer or cremator.", + "origin": "From Latin mort- (“death”) + -ician.", + "sentence": "“And I prefer mortician to funeral director.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mortician", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021, Percival Everett, The Trees, Influx Press (2022), page 91:" + }, + "Motrin": { + "definition": "Brand name for ibuprofen.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Motrin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "muchacha": { + "definition": "A Latino woman or girl.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish muchacha.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/muchacha", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mulligan": { + "definition": "An unpenalized chance to re-take a stroke that went awry.", + "origin": "Attested since the 1930s in the sense “chance to re-take a golf stroke”; probably from the name Mulligan, after a golfer who replayed a stroke. See Wikipedia for more information.", + "sentence": "If you lose your drive in the water, take a mulligan and try again.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mulligan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Munich": { + "definition": "The capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany.", + "origin": "Ultimately from German München or Münichen (the earliest attested form, common in the late Middle Ages), probably via French Munich, like many other city names (Cologne, etc). First attested in the early 1600s; compare the slightly earlier English form Miniken (whence minikin) which is attested prior to 1566 and derives directly from the German name.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Munich", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "municipal": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to a municipality (a city or a corporation having the right of administering local government).", + "origin": "Borrowed from French municipal, from Latin mūnicipālis (“of or belonging to a citizen or a free town”), from mūniceps (“a citizen, an inhabitant of a free town”), from mūnus (“duty”) + capiō (“to take”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/municipal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "myocarditis": { + "definition": "Inflammation of the myocardium.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish myocard(ium)\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nAncient Greek -της (-tēs)der.\nAncient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis)lbor.\nNew Latin -itisder.\nEnglish -itis\nEnglish myocarditis\nFrom myocard(ium) + -itis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myocarditis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "myoglobin": { + "definition": "A small globular protein, containing a heme group, that carries oxygen to muscles.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myoglobin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "myopic": { + "definition": "Near-sighted; unable to see distant objects unaided.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish myopia\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish myopic\nFrom myopia + -ic.", + "sentence": "Corrective lenses compensate for the excessive positive diopters of the myopic eye.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myopic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Namibian": { + "definition": "An age from 900 to 542 million years ago, a subdivision of the Neoproterozoic.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Namibia\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish Namibian\nFrom Namibia + -an.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Namibian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nanotechnology": { + "definition": "The science and technology of creating nanoparticles and of manufacturing machines which have sizes within the range of nanometres (1–100 nm).", + "origin": "From nano- + technology. Popularized in 1986 by Eric Drexler.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nanotechnology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "narcoleptic": { + "definition": "Pertaining to or affected by narcolepsy.", + "origin": "From narco- (“pertaining to sleep”) + -leptic (“of or relating to a condition of seizing”).", + "sentence": "Miranda, who is narcoleptic and forgot to take her medication, was out cold for nearly 40 minutes after the plucky little girl called 911.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/narcoleptic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018 June 4, Lia Eustachewich, “3-year-old girl saves mom's life”, in New York Post, New York, N.Y.: News Corp, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 09 Nov 2020:" + }, + "nautilus": { + "definition": "A kind of diving bell that sinks or rises by means of compressed air.", + "origin": "From Latin nautilus, from Ancient Greek ναυτίλος (nautílos, “paper nautilus, sailor”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nautilus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Neapolitan": { + "definition": "A language spoken in South Italy, approximately in the area of the former Kingdom of Naples.", + "origin": "From Latin neāpolītānus, from Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis, literally “new city”), a Greek city in modern Naples. Doublet of naporitan.", + "sentence": "It was a while before someone told him they were speaking Neapolitan, which in his understanding wasn’t quite Italian but wasn’t quite not Italian either.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Neapolitan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Emily St. John Mandel, The Singer’s Gun, Picador (2015), page 237:" + }, + "necrotic": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to necrosis, particularly of tissue.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/necrotic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nectarine": { + "definition": "A cultivar of the peach with smooth rather than fuzzy skin.", + "origin": "From nectar + -ine.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nectarine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "neonatology": { + "definition": "The branch of medicine that deals with newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn infant.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish neonate\nAncient Greek -ο- (-o-)der.\nLatin -o-bor.\nEnglish -o-\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *lóǵos\nProto-Hellenic *lógos\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin -logialbor.\nFrench -logiebor.\nEnglish -logy\nEnglish -ology\nEnglish neonatology\nFrom neonate + -ology.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neonatology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "neoterism": { + "definition": "a neoteric (newly coined) word or phrase.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek νεότερος (neóteros) + -ism.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neoterism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nepotism": { + "definition": "The favoring of relatives (most strictly) or also personal friends (more broadly) because of their relationship rather than because of their abilities.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French népotisme, from Italian nepotismo, from Latin nepōs (“nephew”), a reference to the practice of popes appointing relatives (most often nephews) as cardinals (cardinal-nephew) during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.", + "sentence": "Nepotism can get you very far in the world if you've got the right connections.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nepotism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "netiquette": { + "definition": "Conduct while online that is appropriate and courteous to other Internet users, and may be expected or enforced by others.", + "origin": "Blend of Net + etiquette.", + "sentence": "Top-posting and spamming are considered poor netiquette on a newsgroup.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/netiquette", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "neuropathy": { + "definition": "Any disease of the nerves and nervous system, usually and more specifically the peripheral nervous system, thus including both non-neuraxial and neuraxial instances of neural damage or dysfunction but excluding the neuraxis's psychiatric aspects (mental illnesses).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-wr̥\nProto-Indo-European *snéh₁wr̥der.\nAncient Greek νεῦρον (neûron)\nAncient Greek νευρο- (neuro-)der.\nEnglish neuro-\nAncient Greek πάσχω (páskhō)der.\nAncient Greek πᾰ́θος (pắthos)\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ieder.\nMiddle English -ie\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish -pathy\nEnglish neuropathy\nFrom neuro- + -pathy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neuropathy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "neuroticism": { + "definition": "The quality or state of being neurotic", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish neurotic\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish neuroticism\nFrom neurotic + -ism.", + "sentence": "Your neuroticism is getting out of hand.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neuroticism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "nexus": { + "definition": "A centre or focus of something.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin nectō\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus\nLatin nexusbor.\nEnglish nexus\nFrom Latin nexus (“connection, nexus; act of binding, tying or fastening together; something which binds, binding, bond, fastening, joint; legal obligation”), from nectō (“to attach, bind, connect, fasten, tie; to interweave; to relate; to unite; to bind by obligation, make liable, oblige; to compose, contrive, devise, produce”, supine stem nex-) + -tus (suffix forming verbal nouns).", + "sentence": "More than just a corporate juggernaut, Nvidia also has become an instrument of statecraft, operating at the nexus of advanced technology, diplomacy, and geopolitics.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nexus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 December 11, Charlie Campbell, Andrew R. Chow and Billy Perrigo, “The Architects of AI Are TIME’s 2025 Person of the Year”, in Time:" + }, + "nitrate": { + "definition": "Any salt or ester of nitric acid.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French nitrate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nitrate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "noctambulist": { + "definition": "One who sleepwalks at night; a somnambulist.", + "origin": "First attested in 1731; from noct- + -ambulist.", + "sentence": "He watched her with the eyes of a noctambulist.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/noctambulist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Chigozie Obioma, An Orchestra of Minorities, Abacus (2019), page 238:" + }, + "nomenclature": { + "definition": "A set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin nōmenclātūra (“a calling by name, list of names”), from nōmen (“name”) + calāre (“call”). Doublet of nomenklatura.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nomenclature", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nomophobia": { + "definition": "A fear of or disdain for laws.", + "origin": "From nomo- + -phobia.", + "sentence": "It is not what may be termed 'nomophobia' (neurotic fear of law or command) though much of that is about.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nomophobia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002, Stanley E. Porter, Anthony R. Cross, Dimensions of baptism: biblical and theological studies, →ISBN, page 247:" + }, + "nonage": { + "definition": "The state of being under legal age; minority, the fact of being a minor.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman nounage, corresponding to non- + age.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nonchalance": { + "definition": "Indifference, unconcern; carelessness; coolness; disregard, detachment.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French nonchalance.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonchalance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nonnegotiable": { + "definition": "Not negotiable; not subject to negotiation.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish non-\nEnglish negotiate\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ābilis\nOld French -ablebor.\nMiddle English -able\nEnglish -able\nEnglish negotiable\nEnglish nonnegotiable\nFrom non- + negotiable.", + "sentence": "For the hypermaterialistic and chronically adolescent Nancy, what was nonnegotiable was control, the power to sculpture her world to gratify her ever-sharpening appetites and desires.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonnegotiable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 December 16, Bob Shacochis, “Here Comes the Bride”, in The New York Times:" + }, + "nonvolatile": { + "definition": "Not volatile (in any sense).", + "origin": "From non- + volatile.", + "sentence": "The chemical is nonvolatile so it will not evaporate.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonvolatile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Nostradamus": { + "definition": "A French astrologer and author of prophecies who lived in the early 1500s.", + "origin": "Michel de Nostredame's surname is one that honors Saint Mary (Our Lady). More details (if desired) are available at Nostradamus § Childhood.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nostradamus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "notoriety": { + "definition": "An infamous or notorious condition or reputation.", + "origin": "Derived from Middle French notoriété, from Medieval Latin nōtōrietās, from nōtōrius, from nōtus (“known”), perfect passive participle of nōscō (“get to know”). By surface analysis, notorious + -ety.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/notoriety", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "novemdecillion": { + "definition": "A very large but unspecified number (of).", + "origin": "From Latin novemdec(im) (“nineteen”) + -illion; compare tredecillion, quattuordecillion, etc.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "num", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/novemdecillion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "noxious": { + "definition": "Harmful; injurious.", + "origin": "From Latin noxius (“hurtful, injurious”), from noxa (“hurt, injury”), from nocere (“to hurt, injure”); see nocent.", + "sentence": "If that repair does not come in time, the result is noxious and potentially hazardous.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/noxious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891, archived from the original on 09 Jan 2025:" + }, + "nuance": { + "definition": "Subtlety or fine detail.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French nuance (“nuance, shade, hue”). Omitting several steps, from Latin nūbēs.\nCompare typologically Italian sfumatura (< Latin fūmus).", + "sentence": "It’s a miracle Lindsey Graham has met the concept of nuance.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nuance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016, Tim Carvell [et al.], “Encryption”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 5, John Oliver (actor), Warner Bros. Television, via HBO:" + }, + "nuciform": { + "definition": "Shaped like a nut.", + "origin": "From Latin nux, nucis (“nut”) + -form.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nuciform", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nucleated": { + "definition": "Having a nucleus or nuclei.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nucleated", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "numerology": { + "definition": "The study of the purported mystical relationship between numbers (or the letters of words, represented by numbers) and the character or action of physical objects and living beings.", + "origin": "From numero- + -logy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/numerology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nutation": { + "definition": "A bobbing motion that accompanies the precession of a spinning rigid body.", + "origin": "1610s, from Latin nūtātiō (“nodding”), from nūtō (“to nod”). Compare mutation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nutation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nutria": { + "definition": "The coypu, Myocastor coypus.", + "origin": "From Spanish nutria (“otter”), from Latin lutra.", + "sentence": "Furthermore, nutria engage in the outright destruction of muskrat lodges to create nesting habitat for themselves.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nutria", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000, National Wetlands Newsletter, Volumes 22-23, Environmental Law Institute, page 8:" + }, + "nuzzer": { + "definition": "A present given to a superior.", + "origin": "From Hindi [Term?] (literally “vow, votive offering, ceremonial gift”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nuzzer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "octuplicate": { + "definition": "A set of eight like or identical things.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Late Latin octuplicātus, perfect passive participle of octuplicō or formed by blend of octuple + duplicate, either way, see -ate (noun-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "A unit's actual transfer will be brought about through the issuance of a Form S-46, \"Transfer Order,\" which is made up in octuplicate.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/octuplicate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1952, California Division of Highways, Equipment manual:" + }, + "odometer": { + "definition": "An instrument, usually embedded within the speedometer of a vehicle, that measures the distance the vehicle has traveled since production.", + "origin": "From French odomètre, from Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós, “road, path, way”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”), equivalent to odo- + -meter.", + "sentence": "The plaintiff Nyree Hinton alleged that Tesla odometer readings reflect energy consumption, driver behavior and \"predictive algorithms\" rather than actual mileage driven.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/odometer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 April 17, Jonathan Stempel, “Tesla speeds up odometers to avoid warranty repairs, US lawsuit claims”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 18 Apr 2025:" + }, + "officinal": { + "definition": "Medicinal.", + "origin": "From French, from Latin officīna (“a workshop”), contracted from opificīna, from opifex (“a workman”); opus (“work”) + faciō (“to make or do”).", + "sentence": "She was the compound extract of all that was chemically pure and officinal—the dispensary contained nothing equal to her.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/officinal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1906, O. Henry, The Four Million, page 83:" + }, + "okapi": { + "definition": "A ruminant (Okapia johnstoni) found in the rainforests of the Congo, related to the giraffe but with a much shorter neck, a reddish-brown coat, and zebra-like stripes on the hindquarters.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Mvuba okapi.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/okapi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "olfactory": { + "definition": "Concerning the sense of smell.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin olfactōrius.", + "sentence": "Dogs possess a highly developed olfactory system.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/olfactory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "olingo": { + "definition": "A small procyonid of most species of the genus Bassaricyon, resembling the kinkajou, native to the rainforests of Central and South America.", + "origin": "From American Spanish olingo.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/olingo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ombudsman": { + "definition": "An appointed official whose duty is to investigate complaints, generally on behalf of individuals such as consumers or taxpayers, against institutions such as companies and government departments.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman (equivalent to ombud (“representative, proxy”) + man), from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.", + "sentence": "The ombudsman found that youth living at El Pueblo remained under the care and supervision of staff who had been accused of abusing them.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ombudsman", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019 August 13, “A Pueblo center for troubled kids had 243 abuse allegations in the year before it closed”, in The Colorado Sun:" + }, + "omnilegent": { + "definition": "Having read everything; exceptionally well-read.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/omnilegent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "omniscient": { + "definition": "Having total knowledge.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin omnisciens (“all-knowing”), from Latin omnis (“all”) + sciens (“knowing”) (further analysable via scient).", + "sentence": "The story was narrated from an omniscient point of view.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/omniscient", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "onus": { + "definition": "A legal obligation.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃en(H)-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃én(H)os\nProto-Italic *onos\nLatin onuslbor.\nEnglish onus\nLearned borrowing from Latin onus (literally “burden”).", + "sentence": "The onus is on the landlord to make sure the walls are protected from mildew.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "oompah": { + "definition": "To produce an oom-pah sound.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oompah", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "opprobrious": { + "definition": "Causing opprobrium; offensive and shameful.", + "origin": "From Middle English opprobrious, from Middle French opprobrieux and its etymon Late Latin opprobriōsus.", + "sentence": "\"Don’t speak of my painting before Naumann,\" said Will. \"He will tell you, it is all pfuscherei, which is his most opprobrious word!\"", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/opprobrious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1871, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XXII, in Middlemarch […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book II, page 389:" + }, + "oppugn": { + "definition": "To contradict or controvert; to oppose; to challenge or question the truth or validity of a given statement.", + "origin": "From Middle French oppugner Latin oppugno (“fight against, to attack, assail, assault, storm, besiege, war with”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oppugn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Orion": { + "definition": "A giant-hunter, pursuer of the Pleiades and lover of Eos, and killed by Artemis.", + "origin": "From Middle English Orioun, from Latin Ōrīōn, from Ancient Greek Ὠρίων (Ōríōn), speculatively from Akkadian 𒌋𒊒𒀭𒈾 (Uru-anna, “heaven's light”), though without any firm evidence.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Orion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "orthogonal": { + "definition": "Of two objects, at right angles; perpendicular to each other.", + "origin": "From Middle French orthogonal, in turn from Medieval Latin orthogōnālis and Latin orthogōnius (“right-angled”), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὀρθογώνιος (orthogṓnios, “rectangular”). By surface analysis, ortho- + -gon + -al.", + "sentence": "A chord and the radius that bisects it are orthogonal.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/orthogonal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "obfuscate": { + "definition": "To deliberately make more confusing in order to conceal the truth.", + "origin": "The adjective is first attested in 1487, in Middle English, the verb in 1536; either borrowed from Middle French obfusquer, offusquer, from Old French offusquer, or directly from Late Latin obfuscātus, offuscātus, the perfect passive participle of obfuscō, offuscō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from Latin ob- + fuscō (“to darken”). Doublet of dusken (“to darken, make obscure”).", + "sentence": "Before leaving the scene, the murderer set a fire in order to obfuscate any evidence of his identity.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/obfuscate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "oblique": { + "definition": "Not erect or perpendicular; not parallel to, or at right angles from, the base.", + "origin": "From Middle French oblique, from Latin oblīquus (also spelled oblīcus) (“slanting, sideways, indirect, envious”).", + "sentence": "Italic fonts are sometimes described as oblique in typographic terminology.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oblique", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "obloquy": { + "definition": "Abusive language.", + "origin": "From Middle English obloqui, obloquie, obloquy, from Middle French obloquie and its etymon Late Latin obloquium (“contradiction”), from Latin obloquor (“speak against, contradict”). By surface analysis, ob- + -loquy.", + "sentence": "The Territory suffered in consequence, and once more a storm of obloquy was cast upon her.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/obloquy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 237:" + }, + "obnebulate": { + "definition": "To cloud or obscure (something).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin obnebulatus, perfect passive participle of obnebulare (“to overcloud”), from ob- + nebula + -are. Compare obnubilate, derived from the unrelated Latin nūbēs.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/obnebulate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "obsecration": { + "definition": "An earnest supplication made in the name of God", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/obsecration", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "obsolete": { + "definition": "No longer in use or no longer useful; now disused or neglected (often in favour of something newer, better, or more fashionable); outmoded.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁óp(i)\nProto-Italic *op\nLatin ob\nLatin obs-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂oléyeti\nProto-Italic *oleō\nLatin *oleō\nProto-Indo-European *-sḱéti\nProto-Italic *-skō\nLatin -sco\nLatin olēscere\nLatin obsolēscere\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Italic *-tos\nLatin -tus\nLatin obsolētusbor.\nEnglish obsolete\nBorrowed from Latin obsolētus (“worn out, gone out of use”), past participle of obsolēscere (“to wear out, fall into disuse, grow old, decay”); see obsolesce.", + "sentence": "Speedy, worldwide, accessible delivery of news through the Web has made newspapers obsolete.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/obsolete", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "obstetrician": { + "definition": "A physician who specializes in childbirth.", + "origin": "From obstetrics + -ician.", + "sentence": "Hipple, a retired obstetrician who helped establish a seven-block stretch of the street as a National Historic District.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/obstetrician", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 July 20, Dave Caldwell, “Williamsport, Pa.: Home of True Small Ball”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 26 Nov 2022:" + }, + "obstreperous": { + "definition": "Stubbornly defiant; disobedient; resistant to authority or control (whether in a noisy manner or not).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁óp(i)\nProto-Italic *op\nLatin ob\nLatin ob-\nLatin strepō\nLatin obstrepō\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Italic *-os\nArchaic Latin -os\nLatin -us\nLatin obstreperusbor.\nEnglish obstreperous\nBorrowed from Latin obstreperus, first attested circa 17th c. Compare obstropulous.", + "sentence": "Thence to Newcastle, where an obstreperous horse retarded us for an hour at least.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/obstreperous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "October 1827, Sir Walter Scott, The Journal of Sir Walter Scott:" + }, + "occultation": { + "definition": "An astronomical event that occurs when one celestial object is hidden by another celestial object that passes between it and the observer when the nearer object appears larger and completely hides the more distant object.", + "origin": "From Latin occultātiōnem, accusative singular of occultātiō (“concealment; insinuation”), from occultāre, present active infinitive of occultō (“to conceal, hide”); analysable as occult + -ation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/occultation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Oceanian": { + "definition": "From or relating to the fictional nation of Oceania in George Orwell’s novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949).", + "origin": "From Oceania + -an.\n(nation): This term is not used in the novel itself.", + "sentence": "Orwell’s point was that the Oceanian government had effectively invented the idea of opposition in order to reinforce the status quo.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Oceanian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009, Philip Bounds, Orwell and Marxism: The Political and Cultural Thinking of George Orwell, I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, →ISBN:" + }, + "octonocular": { + "definition": "Having eight eyes.", + "origin": "From octo- + -n- + ocular.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/octonocular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "oscitation": { + "definition": "The act of yawning or gaping.", + "origin": "Latin ōscitātiō, from ōscitō (“to gape”).", + "sentence": "But I shall defer considering this subject at large, until I come to my treatise of oscitation, laughter, and ridicule.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oscitation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1709 September 12 (Gregorian calendar), Isaac Bickerstaff [et al., pseudonyms; Joseph Addison], “Thursday, September 2, 1709”, in The Tatler, number 63; republished in [Richard Steele], editor, The Tatler, […], London stereotype edition, volume I, London: I. Walker and Co.; […], 1822, →OCLC:" + }, + "osculatory": { + "definition": "Of or relating to kissing.", + "origin": "From osculate + -ory.", + "sentence": "On this the two ladies went through the osculatory ceremony which they were in the habit of performing, and Mrs.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/osculatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Contains Both Love and Jealousy”, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC, pages 242–243:" + }, + "Osloite": { + "definition": "Of, from, or pertaining to Oslo.", + "origin": "From Oslo + -ite.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Osloite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "osmosis": { + "definition": "Passive absorption or impartation of information, habits, etc.; the process of teaching or learning particular knowledge incidentally rather than consciously.", + "origin": "From endosmose and exosmose, both coined by French physician Henri Dutrochet in 1826; from (respectively) Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “within”) and Ancient Greek ἔξω (éxō, “outer, external”), plus Ancient Greek ὠσμός (ōsmós, “push, impulsion”), from ὠθέω (ōthéō).", + "sentence": "I was reading about chickens, and I guess I learned about hawks through osmosis.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/osmosis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "osprey": { + "definition": "A bird of prey of genus Pandion that feeds on fish and has white underparts and long, narrow wings each ending in four finger-like extensions.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English ospray, from Anglo-Norman ospriet, from Medieval Latin avis praedae (“bird of prey”), a generic term apparently confused with this specific bird in Old French on its similarity to ossifrage.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/osprey", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ossicle": { + "definition": "A small bone (or bony structure), especially one of the three of the middle ear.", + "origin": "Late 16th century, from Latin ossiculum (“little bone, ossicle”) from os (“bone”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ossicle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ostensibly": { + "definition": "Seemingly, apparently, on the surface; supposedly, according to representations or implications made by someone (especially when their motives are suspected by others).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish ostensible\nProto-Indo-European *leyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *līkąder.\nProto-Germanic *-līkaz\nProto-Germanic *-ê\nProto-Germanic *-līkê\nProto-West Germanic *-līkē\nOld English -līċe\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish ostensibly\nFrom ostensible + -ly.", + "sentence": "His interest in the railway was ostensibly a hobby, but people began wondering why he was taking photos of specific trains and specific equipment.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ostensibly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "osteopath": { + "definition": "A non-physician healthcare practitioner who practices osteopathy by manipulating the skeleton and muscles. Not to be confused with Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) (also known as osteopathic physicians) who are full physicians like Doctors of Medicine (M.D.).", + "origin": "From osteo- + -path.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/osteopath", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ottoman": { + "definition": "An upholstered sofa, without arms or a back, sometimes with a compartment for storing linen etc.", + "origin": "From Ottoman in the early 19th century; so named because reclining on a couch was associated with Middle Eastern customs.", + "sentence": "A 39-year-old British woman was killed when a malfunctioning ottoman bed fell on her neck and asphyxiated her, a coroner’s report said.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ottoman", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2024 October 14, Issy Ronald, “Woman killed by malfunctioning ottoman bed”, in CNN, archived from the original on 22 Oct 2024:" + }, + "paraplegic": { + "definition": "Of, related to, or suffering from paraplegia. Paralyzed from the lower half of the body down.", + "origin": "From para- + -plegic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paraplegic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "parasol": { + "definition": "A small light umbrella used as protection from the sun.", + "origin": "From French parasol, from Italian parasole, from para- (“to shield”) + sole (“sun”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parasol", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pariah": { + "definition": "A similarly despised group of people or species of animal.", + "origin": "From Tamil பறையர் (paṟaiyar), from பறையன் (paṟaiyaṉ, “drummer”), from பறை (paṟai, “drum”) or from Malayalam പറയർ (paṟayaṟ), from പറയൻ (paṟayaṉ, “drummer”), from പറ (paṟa, “drum”). Parai in Tamil or Para in Malayalam refers to a type of large drum designed to announce the king’s notices to the public. The people who made a living using the parai were called paraiyar; in the caste-based society, they were in the lower strata, hence the derisive paraiah and pariah.\nAlternatively, derived from Sanskrit पर (para, “distant; outsider”).", + "sentence": "The creature became not only useless, but worse than useless—harmful, a curse to touch or merely to see—a pariah animal.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pariah", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, Marvin Harris, “The Abominable Pig”, in Food and Culture: A Reader, 3rd edition, New York City, →ISBN, pages 64–65:" + }, + "parliamentary": { + "definition": "Of, relating to, or enacted by a parliament.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Hellenic *pərai\nAncient Greek πᾰρᾰ́ (părắ)\nAncient Greek παρα- (para-)\nProto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der.\nProto-Hellenic *gʷəlnō\nAncient Greek βάλλω (bállō)\nAncient Greek παραβάλλω (parabállō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ)bor.\nLatin parabola\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin parabolāre\nOld French parler (to speak)\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom\nProto-Italic *-mentom\nLatin -mentum\nOld French -ment\nOld French parlementbor.\nMiddle English parlement\nEnglish parliament\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusder.\nMiddle English -arie\nEnglish -ary\nEnglish parliamentary\nFrom parliament + -ary.", + "sentence": "Parliamentary procedures are sometimes slow.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parliamentary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "parochial": { + "definition": "Pertaining to a parish.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman parochial and its source Late Latin parochialis, an alteration of paroecialis (“of a church province”), from paroecia, from Hellenistic Greek παροικία (paroikía, “stay in a foreign land”), later “community, diocese”, from Ancient Greek πάροικος (pároikos, “neighbouring, neighbour”), from παρα- (para-) + οἶκος (oîkos, “house”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parochial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "parodic": { + "definition": "Of, related to, or having characteristics of parody.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "All gender is parodic in the sense that it is all imitative, but some forms are more parodic than others because that imitativeness is exposed.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parodic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Moya Lloyd, Beyond Identity Politics: Feminism, Power and Politics, page 139:" + }, + "parr": { + "definition": "Young salmon, at a stage between fry and smolt when they feed chiefly on invertebrates but cannot tolerate saltwater.", + "origin": "Compare Scottish Gaelic bradan (“salmon”).\nFor the salmon life stage, the word originates from the Middle English parren (“to enclose”), referring to the spots running along the side of the fish, resembling the bars of a fence.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parr", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "parsimony": { + "definition": "With a negative connotation: great reluctance to spend money or other resources; miserliness, stinginess; (countable) an instance of this.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English parcimonie, parcimony (“economy, frugality, thrift”), borrowed from Latin parcimōnia, parsimōnia (“frugality, thrift, parsimony; moderation, restraint; stinginess”), from pars- (the past participial stem of parcō (“to economize, save up; etc.”)) + -mōnia (suffix forming abstract nouns). The further etymology of parcō is uncertain; it is possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away; off”) + *h₂erk- (“to hold; to guard, protect; to lock”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parsimony", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "particulate": { + "definition": "Pertaining to heritable characteristics which are attributable discretely to either one or another of an offspring's parents, rather than a blend of the two.", + "origin": "From New Latin particulātus (“divided into small parts”) (also particulāta (“small parts”), from its neuter plural), from Classical Latin particula (“particle”), from pars (“part, piece”) + -cula (diminutive suffix), + -ātus (-ate). The verb is probably independently from the adjective rather than from Etymology 2.", + "sentence": "The rudiments of particulate inheritance were dimly understood already by the breeders of cattle and apples, but nobody was being systematic.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/particulate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 41:" + }, + "parturient": { + "definition": "In labour, about to give birth, or having recently given birth.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin parturiēns, present participle of parturiō (“to be in labour”).", + "sentence": "Infants born in his jurisdiction are presented to him soon after birth, and parturient women pray to him for relief.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parturient", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1905, William George Aston, Shinto: The Way of the Gods, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., page 47:" + }, + "parvo": { + "definition": "Parvovirus.", + "origin": "Shortening.", + "sentence": "Inoculating a dog against parvo costs about $7 to $15 for the shot, depending on your area and choice of veterinarian.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parvo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1980, Business Week:" + }, + "pashmina": { + "definition": "A soft fabric made from this wool; (in particular) a shawl made from this fabric.", + "origin": "From Classical Persian پَشْمِینَه (pašmīna). Compare پشمین (pašmīn /pašmin).", + "sentence": "It is this fine, soft wool which is used to make the famous pashmina shawls of Kashmir.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pashmina", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1964, Lora Bryning Redford, Nathan Goldstein, Getting to know the northern Himalayas: Kashmir, Tibet, Assam, New York: Coward-McCann, page 26:" + }, + "Patagonia": { + "definition": "A geographical region in southern South America, including the southern parts of Chile and Argentina.", + "origin": "From Portuguese patagão and Spanish patagón (“Patagonian”) + -ia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Patagonia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "patella": { + "definition": "The sesamoid bone of the knee; the kneecap.", + "origin": "From Latin patella (“a small pan or dish, a plate; the kneepan, patella”), diminutive of patina (“a broad shallow dish, pan”). Doublet of paella.", + "sentence": "Both patellae are well preserved for Dolni Věstonice 3 and 13-15, and the left patella remains for Dolni Věstonice 16 (Figures 18.22 to 18.26).", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/patella", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, Erik Trinkaus, “18: The Lower Limb Remains”, in Erik Trinkaus, Jiří Svoboda, editors, Early Modern Human Evolution in Central Europe, page 395:" + }, + "pathos": { + "definition": "The quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites emotions and passions, especially that which awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic quality.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos, “suffering”).", + "sentence": "His voice had a genuine pathos now, and his large brown hands perceptibly trembled.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pathos", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1874, Thomas Hardy, Far From The Madding Crowd:" + }, + "pagoda": { + "definition": "A tall building in an Indian, Burmese, or Thai style erected at Hindu or Buddhist temples in South and Southeast Asia, a stupa surmounted with a high point.", + "origin": "From Portuguese pagode (“Hindu temple, Hindu idol, pagoda coin”), from any of various Dravidian languages' words of respectful address to Hindu gods and idols and their temples, including Malayalam പകോതി (pakōti, “Durga temple”), Kannada, and Tamil பகவதி (pakavati, “Durga, Parvati”), possibly corrupted under the influence of Portuguese pagão (“pagan”), all ultimately from Sanskrit भगवती (bhagavatī, “Holy One, used for goddesses”). Previously but mistakenly connected with various other languages from Persia to China.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pagoda", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "palatable": { + "definition": "Pleasing to the taste, tasty.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-osder.\nLatin palātumder.\nOld French palatbor.\nMiddle English palate\nEnglish palate\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ābilis\nOld French -ablebor.\nMiddle English -able\nEnglish -able\nEnglish palatable\nFrom palate + -able.", + "sentence": "For some instant noodles make a palatable, if not especially nutritious, meal.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/palatable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Paleozoic": { + "definition": "Of a geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon that comprises the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian periods from about 542 to 250 million years ago, from the age of trilobites to that of reptiles.", + "origin": "From paleo- + -zoic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Paleozoic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "palpebral": { + "definition": "Of, pertaining to, or located on or near the eyelids.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin palpō\nLatin -bra\nLatin palpebra\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLate Latin palpebrālisbor.\nEnglish palpebral\nBorrowed from Late Latin palpebrālis (“of or on the eyelids”), from palpebra (“an eyelid”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent to palpebra + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/palpebral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "palpitant": { + "definition": "palpitating, throbbing", + "origin": "From French.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/palpitant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "panary": { + "definition": "Relating to the making of bread.", + "origin": "From Latin pānārius.", + "sentence": "The bakery, which supplies the household bread, would be a proper place for trying the relative panary properties of different kinds of flour and meal.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1842 August, “An Agricultural School”, in Willis Gaylord, Luther Tucker, editors, The Cultivator, a Consolidation of Buel’s Cultivator and the Genesee Farmer, […], volumes IX (Cult.) / III (Cult. and Far.), number 8, Albany, N.Y.: […] Luther Tucker. […], page 125, column 2:" + }, + "pancetta": { + "definition": "A cured belly or pork; bacon.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian pancetta, from pancia (“belly”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pancetta", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pancreas": { + "definition": "A gland near the stomach which secretes a fluid into the duodenum to assist with food digestion.", + "origin": "Existing in English since the sixteenth century: from Latin pancreas, from Ancient Greek πάγκρεας (pánkreas), from πᾶν (pân, “all”) (equivalent to English pan-) + κρέας (kréas, “flesh”).", + "sentence": "Chronic pancreatitis is a condition in which the pancreas is inflamed or swells for an extended period.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pancreas", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2024 October 9, Maxine Lipner, “What Does It Mean When Your Poop Floats?”, in Health:" + }, + "panegyric": { + "definition": "A formal speech publicly praising someone or something.", + "origin": "From French panégyrique, from Ancient Greek πανηγυρικός (panēgurikós).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panegyric", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pantomime": { + "definition": "A traditional theatrical entertainment, originally based on the commedia dell'arte, but later aimed mostly at children and involving physical comedy, topical jokes, call and response, and fairy-tale plots.", + "origin": "First appears c. 1606, from Latin pantomīmus, from Ancient Greek παντόμιμος (pantómimos), from πᾶς (pâs, “each, all”) + μιμέομαι (miméomai, “to mimic”). The verbal form first appears c. 1768.", + "sentence": "My mum also said that when I was two, she took me to my first pantomime in Sydney.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pantomime", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 November 28, Hollie Richardson, “Oh yes he is! Kiefer Sutherland dives into the world of panto”, in The Guardian, →ISSN, archived from the original on 02 Dec 2025:" + }, + "par excellence": { + "definition": "Most especially, in particular, most notably (out of a thing or person's other attributes, roles, etc.).", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French par excellence (“excellently, in an especially representative way; above all”), a calque of Latin per excellentiam, itself a calque of Ancient Greek κατ’ ἐξοχήν (kat’ exokhḗn).", + "sentence": "He was par excellence a theologian.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/par%20excellence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009, John Murray, “Introduction”, in John Calvin, The Institutes of the Christian Religion:" + }, + "parabola": { + "definition": "The conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to a tangent plane to the cone; the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point (the focus) and line (the directrix).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Hellenic *pərai\nAncient Greek πᾰρᾰ́ (părắ)\nAncient Greek παρα- (para-)\nProto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der.\nProto-Hellenic *gʷəlnō\nAncient Greek βάλλω (bállō)\nAncient Greek παραβάλλω (parabállō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ)bor.\nNew Latin parabolabor.\nEnglish parabola\nBorrowed from New Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ), from παραβάλλω (parabállō, “to set side by side”), from παρά (pará, “beside”) + βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”). Doublet of parable, parole, and palaver.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parabola", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "patronymic": { + "definition": "Derived from one's ancestors.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek πατήρ (patḗr, “father”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma, “name”) (a variant form of ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”)). Also patronym + -ic, from patro- + -onym.", + "sentence": "I proposed to her that we give our first-born baby a patronymic name.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/patronymic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "paucity": { + "definition": "Fewness in number; too few.", + "origin": "From Middle English paucete, paucite, paucyte, partly from Middle French paucité and partly from its etymon, Latin paucitās (“a small number, fewness, scarcity”), from paucus (“few, little”). Related to few.", + "sentence": "But when I had crossed the threshold, I was astonished at the paucity of facts to be gleaned from the inmates themselves.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paucity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1915, Anna Katharine Green, The Golden Slipper, problem 7:" + }, + "peculate": { + "definition": "To embezzle.", + "origin": "From Latin pecūlātus, past participle of pecūlor (“defraud, embezzle”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peculate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pecuniary": { + "definition": "Of, or relating to, money; monetary, financial.", + "origin": "From Latin pecūniārius, from pecūnia (“money”), itself from pecū (“cattle”) and thus related to fee.", + "sentence": "The views of philosophers, with few exceptions, have coincided with the pecuniary interests of their class.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pecuniary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, I.21:" + }, + "pedantry": { + "definition": "An excessive attention to detail or rules.", + "origin": "From Italian pedanteria, equivalent to pedant + -ry. Compare also French pédanterie.", + "sentence": "In short, pedantry may be said to be an ill-timed parade of knowledge.\"", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pedantry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1825, \"Works\" by Maria Edgeworth page 150" + }, + "pelerine": { + "definition": "A kind of short cape or covering for the shoulders, associated especially with medieval pilgrims (of any gender).", + "origin": "Borrowed from French pèlerine, feminine of pèlerin (“pilgrim”), from Late Latin pelegrīnus. First attested in 1744.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pelerine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pelf": { + "definition": "Rubbish, trash; specifically (UK, dialectal) refuse from plants.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English pelf, pelfe (“stolen goods, booty, spoil; forfeited property; money, riches; property; valuable object”), possibly from Anglo-Norman pelf (a variant of pelfre (“booty, loot”)) and Old French peufre (“frippery; rubbish”); further etymology uncertain, possibly a metathesis of Old French felpe, ferpe, frepe (“a rag”). The English word is perhaps related to Late Latin pelfa, pelfra, pelfrum (“forfeited or stolen goods”), Middle French peuffe and French peufe, peuffe (“old clothes; rubbish”) (Normandy), and pilfer.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pelf", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pendulous": { + "definition": "Hanging from, or as if from, a support.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin pendulus (“pendant”), from pendeō (“to hang”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pendulous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "penitentiary": { + "definition": "A state or federal prison for convicted felons; (loosely) a prison.", + "origin": "From Middle English penitentiary, from Medieval Latin pēnitentiārius (“place of penitence”), from Latin paenitentia (“penitence”), term used by the Quakers in Pennsylvania during the 1790s, describing a place for penitents to dwell upon their sins.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penitentiary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pepita": { + "definition": "An edible seed from a pumpkin or similar squash, which may - after being roasted (and, if needed, shelled) - be eaten as a snack or used as an ingredient in cooking.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish pepita.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pepita", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "per se": { + "definition": "Without determination by or involvement of extraneous factors; by its very nature.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin per sē (“by itself”), from per (“by, through”) and sē (“itself, himself, herself, themselves”).", + "sentence": "Some people say that a hangover is caused by impurities in the drink, not by the alcohol per se.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/per%20se", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "peradventure": { + "definition": "Chance, doubt or uncertainty.", + "origin": "From Middle English peraventure, peradventure, from Old French par aventure. Spelling modified as though from Latin. Equivalent to per- + adventure.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peradventure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "perceptible": { + "definition": "Able to be perceived, sensed, or discerned.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Late Latin perceptibilis, from Latin percipio.", + "sentence": "Her voice was barely perceptible over the noise, but her gestures made her meaning clear.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perceptible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "perilous": { + "definition": "Dangerous, full of peril.", + "origin": "From Middle English perilous, from Old French perilleus, equivalent to peril + -ous, from the noun peril, or from Latin perīculōsus. Doublet of periculous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perilous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "periodontist": { + "definition": "A dentist whose speciality is periodontics.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/periodontist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "peripheral": { + "definition": "On the periphery or boundary.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nAncient Greek περί (perí)\nAncient Greek περῐ- (perĭ-)\nProto-Indo-European *bʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *bʰéreti\nProto-Hellenic *pʰérō\nAncient Greek φέρω (phérō)\nAncient Greek περιφέρω (periphérō)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ēs\nProto-Hellenic *-ēs\nAncient Greek -ης (-ēs)\nAncient Greek -ής (-ḗs)\nAncient Greek περιφερής (peripherḗs)\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ih₂der.\nAncient Greek -ια (-ia)\nAncient Greek περιφέρεια (periphéreia)bor.\nLatin peripheriabor.\nMiddle French peripheriebor.\nEnglish peripher(y)\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish peripheral\nFrom peripher(y) + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peripheral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "periwinkle": { + "definition": "Any of several evergreen plants of the genus Vinca with blue or white flowers.", + "origin": "Diminutive of Middle English perwinke, from Old English perfince, perwince (compare Middle High German berwinke), from Latin pervinca (compare French pervenche, Italian pervinca).", + "sentence": "The Periwinkle is a great binder, staying bleeding both at mouth and nose if some of the leaves be chewed.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/periwinkle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1652, Nich[olas] Culpeper, The English Physitian: Or An Astrologo-physical Discourse of the Vulgar Herbs of This Nation. […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "permutation": { + "definition": "One of the ways something exists, or the ways a set of objects can be ordered.", + "origin": "From Middle English permutacioun, permutacyoun, from Old French permutacïon, promutatïon and Medieval Latin permūtātiōnem, accusative of permūtātiō.\nMorphologically permute + -ation.", + "sentence": "Which permutation for completing our agenda items makes the most sense?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/permutation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "perpetrator": { + "definition": "One who perpetrates; especially, one who commits an offence or crime.", + "origin": "From Latin perpetrātor. By surface analysis, perpetrate + -or.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perpetrator", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "perquisite": { + "definition": "A gratuity.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin perquīsītum (“something acquired for profit”).", + "sentence": "After the wonderful service that evening he didn’t hesitate in laying a substantial perquisite on the table.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perquisite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "perseverance": { + "definition": "Continuing in a course of action without regard to discouragement, opposition or previous failure.", + "origin": "From Middle English perseveraunce, from Old French perseverance, from Latin persevērantia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perseverance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "perspicacious": { + "definition": "Of acute discernment; having keen insight; mentally perceptive.", + "origin": "First attested 1548, from Late Latin perspicācitās (“discernment”), from Latin perspicax (“sharp-sighted”), from perspiciō (“look through”), from per- (“through”) + speciō (“look at”). See also perspective.", + "sentence": "As a gay prisoner my incarceration has given me a perspicacious view of our judicial system.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perspicacious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1982 April 17, David K. Jose, “Habeas Corpus”, in Gay Community News, page 3:" + }, + "persuasible": { + "definition": "persuadable", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/persuasible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pollutant": { + "definition": "A foreign substance that makes something dirty, or impure, especially waste from human activities.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish pollute\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin -āns\nOld French -antbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nProto-Germanic *-ndz\nProto-West Germanic *-andī\nOld English -ende\nMiddle English -ant\nEnglish -ant\nEnglish pollutant\nFrom pollute + -ant.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pollutant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "profligacy": { + "definition": "Careless wastefulness.", + "origin": "From proflig(ate) + -acy (with -acy a suffixal construction from -ate + -cy), from Latin prōflīgātus, past participle of Latin prōflīgō, from prō- (“forward”) + flīgō (“to strike, dash”) (whence pro-).", + "sentence": "Whether the fruits of his labours shall be enjoyed by himself or consumed by the profligacy of governments?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/profligacy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1791, Thomas Paine, Rights of Man: Being an Answer to Mr. Burke’s Attack on the French Revolution, London: […] J. S. Jordan, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "pertinacity": { + "definition": "The state or characteristic of being pertinacious.", + "origin": "From Middle French pertinacité, from Old French pertinace (“obstinate, stubborn”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pertinacity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "polonium": { + "definition": "A rare, highly radioactive chemical element (symbol Po) with atomic number 84.", + "origin": "From New Latin polonium, from Medieval Latin Polonia (“Poland”), named after Marie Curie's homeland.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polonium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "profundity": { + "definition": "The state of being profound; magnitude, gravity, or intensity.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English profundite, from Middle French profondite or its etymon Latin profunditās; by surface analysis, prof(o)und + ity. Compare profoundness.", + "sentence": "The situation's profundity escaped most observers.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/profundity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pestilence": { + "definition": "Any epidemic disease that is highly contagious, infectious, virulent and devastating.", + "origin": "From Middle English, from Old French, from Latin pestilentia (“plague”), from pestilens (“infected, unwholesome, noxious”); equivalent to pestilent + -ence.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pestilence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "poltroon": { + "definition": "An ignoble or total coward; a dastard; a mean-spirited wretch.", + "origin": "From Middle French poltron, from Italian poltrone.", + "sentence": "You damned poltroon, you never tried them!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poltroon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1778, George Washington, to Charles Lee following an act of insubordination:" + }, + "proletarian": { + "definition": "Of or relating to the proletariat.", + "origin": "From Latin proletarius (“a man whose only wealth is his offspring, or whose sole service to the state is as father”), from proles (“offspring, posterity”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proletarian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "petroleum": { + "definition": "A flammable liquid ranging in color from clear to very dark brown and black, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, occurring naturally in deposits under the Earth's surface.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin petroleum. Doublet of petrol.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/petroleum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "polyester": { + "definition": "Any polymer whose monomers are linked together by ester bonds", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *polh₁ús\nAncient Greek πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s)lbor.\nEnglish poly-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱéh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *akēō\nLatin aceō\nProto-Indo-European *-sḱéti\nProto-Italic *-skō\nLatin -scō\nLatin acēscō\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Italic *-tos\nLatin -tus\nLatin acētumbor.\nProto-West Germanic *aket\nProto-West Germanic *atek\nOld High German eȥȥih\nMiddle High German eȥȥich\nGerman Essich\nGerman Essig\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-der.\nProto-Hellenic *áitʰō\nAncient Greek αἴθω (aíthō)\n▲\nAncient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr)influ.?\nAncient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr)der.\nLatin aethērbor.\nGerman Äther\nblend?\nGerman Esterbor.\nEnglish ester\nEnglish polyester\nFrom poly- + ester.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polyester", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "proliferate": { + "definition": "To increase in number or spread rapidly; to multiply.", + "origin": "Back-formation from proliferation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proliferate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "polygenous": { + "definition": "Consisting of, or containing, many kinds or genres", + "origin": "From poly- + -genous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polygenous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "prolix": { + "definition": "Tediously lengthy; dwelling on trivial details.", + "origin": "From Old French prolixe, from Latin prōlixus (“stretched out; courteous, favorable”). The verb is derived from the adjective.", + "sentence": "Traditional narratives he found too prolix and discursive. \"There's always 14 pages describing a lawn that you skip over,\" he says.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prolix", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992 September 13, William Grimes, “The Ridiculous Vision of Mark Leyner”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:" + }, + "phenotype": { + "definition": "The appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors, especially used in pedigrees.", + "origin": "From pheno- + -type, from Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine, to show, to appear”) + τύπος (túpos, “mark, type”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phenotype", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "polypeptide": { + "definition": "Any polymer of (same or different) amino acids joined via peptide bonds.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *polh₁ús\nAncient Greek πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s)lbor.\nEnglish poly-\nProto-Indo-European *pekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *pékʷ-ye-\nProto-Hellenic *pét͏̌t͏̌ō\nAncient Greek πέσσω (péssō)bf.\nAncient Greek πέπτω (péptō)\nAncient Greek πεπτόν (peptón)der.\nGerman Peptonbor.\nEnglish peptone\nEnglish -ide\n▲\nGerman Pepton\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idusder.\nGerman -id\nGerman Peptidbor.\nEnglish peptide\nEnglish polypeptide\nFrom poly- + peptide.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polypeptide", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "prolusory": { + "definition": "Relating to prolusion; preliminary, introductory", + "origin": "From Latin proludo (“practice beforehand”), from pro- + ludo (“Latin - play”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prolusory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "philosophize": { + "definition": "To ponder or reason out philosophically.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰil-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *bʰil-o-s\nAncient Greek φῐ́λος (phĭ́los)\nAncient Greek σοφός (sophós)\nAncient Greek φῐλόσοφος (phĭlósophos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía)bor.\nLatin philosophialbor.\nOld French philosophiebor.\nMiddle English philosophie\nEnglish philosophy\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish philosophize\nFrom philosophy + -ize.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/philosophize", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "polysemy": { + "definition": "The quality characteristic of a polyseme, a sign (such as a word or symbol) that has multiple meanings (senses), often including multiple similar ones.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *polh₁ús\nAncient Greek πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s)lbor.\nEnglish poly-\nAncient Greek σῆμα (sêma)lbor.\nEnglish seme\nEnglish polyseme\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nOld French -ieder.\nMiddle English -ie\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\nEnglish polysemy\nFrom polyseme + -y.", + "sentence": "Polysemy proliferates in natural language: Virtually every word is polysemous to some extent.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polysemy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017 July 27, Agustín Vicente and Ingrid L. Falkum, “Polysemy”, in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Oxford University Press:" + }, + "promontory": { + "definition": "A high point of land extending into a body of water, headland; cliff.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin prōmontōrium, from prōmineō, from prō- + *mineō (“to project or jut”, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to stand out”)) + -tōrium (“place”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/promontory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "phishing": { + "definition": "The malicious act of keeping a false website or sending a false e-mail with the intent of masquerading as a trustworthy entity in order to acquire sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details.", + "origin": "Respelling of fishing (“trying to find”). In Usenet newsgroups, cracker and pirate groups used variant spellings of phish and warez (i.e. wares) to evade scans and filters by mainstream servers policing the ARPAnet/Internet. Compare other respelling slang like phat and phreak.", + "sentence": "A growing number of U.S. cities are alerting residents to a widespread phishing scam involving fraudulent text messages about unpaid parking violations.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phishing", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 March 11, Sunny Yadav, “US Cities Warn of Surge in Unpaid Parking Phishing Text Scams”, in eSecurity Planet:" + }, + "polysyllabic": { + "definition": "Having more than one syllable; having multiple or many syllables.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *polh₁ús\nAncient Greek πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s)lbor.\nEnglish poly-\nEnglish syllabic\nEnglish polysyllabic\nFrom poly- + syllabic.", + "sentence": "\"Antidisestablishmentarianism\" definitely qualifies as a polysyllabic word.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polysyllabic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "propinquity": { + "definition": "Nearness or proximity", + "origin": "From propinqu(ent) + -ity, from Middle English propinquite, from Middle French propinquité or Latin propinquitās, from propinquus (“neighbouring”) (from prop(e) (“near”) + (h)inc (“hence”) + -uus).", + "sentence": "Geographical propinquity gives rise to conflicting territorial claims from Bosnia to Mindanao.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/propinquity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1993, Samuel P. Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations?”, in Foreign Affairs:" + }, + "phlebotomy": { + "definition": "The opening of a vein, either to withdraw blood or for letting blood; venesection.", + "origin": "From Old French flebothomie (French phlébotomie), from Late Latin phlebotomia, from Ancient Greek φλεβοτόμος (phlebotómos, “that opens a vein”), from φλέψ (phléps, “vein”). By surface analysis, phlebo- + -tomy.", + "sentence": "Now butter with a leafe of Sage is good to Parge the bloud, Fly Venus and Phlebotomy for they are neither good.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phlebotomy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1607 (first performance), [Francis Beaumont], The Knight of the Burning Pestle, London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Walter Burre, […], published 1613, →OCLC, Act IV, signature I3, verso:" + }, + "pomato": { + "definition": "A plant produced by grafting a tomato plant and a potato plant, producing cherry tomatoes on the vine and potatoes under the ground.", + "origin": "Blend of potato + tomato.", + "sentence": "The pomato is a plant that grows cherry tomatoes on its vine and potatoes in the soil.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pomato", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2026 August 21, Popkin, “A single plant can grow tomatoes on top and potatoes below”, in BoingBoing, retrieved 21 Aug 2026:" + }, + "proprietary": { + "definition": "Created or manufactured exclusively by the owner or licensee of intellectual property rights, as with a patent or trade secret.", + "origin": "From French propriétaire, from Latin proprietārius. By surface analysis, propriety + -ary. Compare with the Latin proprietas (“property”) and proprius (“ownership”).", + "sentence": "The continuous profitability of the company is based on its many proprietary products.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proprietary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "phoenix": { + "definition": "Anything that is reborn after apparently being destroyed.", + "origin": "From Old English and Old French fenix, from Medieval Latin phenix, from Latin phoenīx, from Ancient Greek φοῖνιξ (phoînix), from Egyptian b-n:nw*w-G31 (bnw, “grey heron”). Doublet of Bennu. The grey heron was venerated at Heliopolis and associated in Egypt with the cyclical renewal of life because the bird rises in flight at dawn and migrates back every year in the flood season to inhabit the Nile waters.", + "sentence": "Astronomers believe planets might form in this dead star's disk, like the mythical Phoenix rising up out of the ashes.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phoenix", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pomegranate": { + "definition": "The fruit of the Punica granatum, about the size of an orange with a thick, hard, reddish skin enclosing many seeds, each with an edible pink or red pulp tasting both sweet and tart.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Middle English pome-garnet, pome-garnete, pome garnate, pome granat, pome-granate (“pomegranate fruit; pomegranate tree; pomegranate seeds (?)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman pome gernate, pomme gernette, Middle French pomme granade, pomme granate, pomme grenade, and Old French pome grenade, pome grenate, pomme grenate [and other forms] (modern French grenade), probably from Italian pomogranato, pomo granato (though apparently first attested later), and then either:\n* from Italian pomo (“fruit, pome; apple”) + Latin (mālum) grānātum, (mālo)grānātum (“pomegranate”); or\n* directly from Medieval Latin pōmum garnātum, pōmum grānātum (“pomegranate”), from Latin pōmum (“fruit; fruit tree”) + grānātum (“pomegranate”). Pōmum is possibly ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“taken off”) (in the sense of being picked off a plant), from *h₂epó (“away; off”) + *h₁em- (“to distribute; to take”); while grānātum is derived from grānātus (“having many grains or seeds”), from grānum (“grain, seed, small kernel”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to mature, grow old”) + *-nós (suffix forming verbal adjectives)) + -ātus (suffix forming adjectives indicating the possession of a quality or thing from nouns).\nDisplaced earlier Old English æppelcyrnel (literally: apple + kernel), itself a calque of the Latin term. The adjective is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "Another goblet! quick! and stir / Pomegranate juice and drops of myrrh / And calamus therein!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pomegranate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1851, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Golden Legend, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC, page 147:" + }, + "proprioceptive": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to proprioception.", + "origin": "Coined by English neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington in 1906, originally in the spelling proprio-ceptive, from proprius + clipped receptive.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proprioceptive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "phonetician": { + "definition": "A person who specializes in the physiology, acoustics, and perception of speech.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish phonetic\nOld English -as\nMiddle English -es\nEnglish -s\nEnglish phonetics\nEnglish -ician\nEnglish phonetician\nFrom phonetics + -ician.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phonetician", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Pomeranian": { + "definition": "Of or relating to Pomerania.", + "origin": "From Pomerania + -an. Through Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off”), distant doublet of pomegranate, whose first element is from Latin pomum, which itself is from Proto-Italic *poomos (“taken off > fruit”).", + "sentence": "In my 2002 research project I focused on the documentation of the Pomeranian Low German as spoken in the state of Wisconsin.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pomeranian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Alexandra Jacob, American Pommersch – Pommern im linguistischen Erbe Wisconsins, in: 2008, Josef Raab, Jan Wirrer (eds.), Die deutsche Präsenz in den USA / The German Presence in the U.S.A., p. 627ff., here p. 627" + }, + "prorogue": { + "definition": "To suspend (a parliamentary session) or to discontinue the meetings of (an assembly, parliament etc.) without formally ending the session.", + "origin": "From Old French proroger, proroguer, from Latin prōrogō (“prolong, defer”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prorogue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "phosphorescent": { + "definition": "Having the property of emitting light for a period of time after the source of excitation is taken away, e.g., in electrostatic storage tubes and cathode-ray tubes.", + "origin": "From phosphorus + -escent.\nIt's interesting to note that phosphorus is not phosphorescent. Some phosphoric mixtures can be luminescent through chemical reactions, but none exhibit literal phosphorescence.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phosphorescent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pomology": { + "definition": "The study of pome fruit and of the cultivation of such fruit.", + "origin": "From Latin pōmum (“fruit”) and -ology.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pomology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "prosody": { + "definition": "The study of rhythm, intonation, stress, and related attributes in speech.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *pró\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\n?\nProto-Indo-European *próti, *préti\nAncient Greek πρός (prós)\nProto-Hellenic *awéidō\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓είδω (ăeídō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -ή (-ḗ)\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓οιδή (ăoidḗ)\nAncient Greek ᾠδή (ōidḗ)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (prosōidĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin prosōdiabor.\nMiddle French prosodieder.\nEnglish prosody\nFrom Middle French prosodie, from Latin prosōdia, from Ancient Greek προσῳδία (prosōidía, “song sung to music; pronunciation of syllable”), from πρός (prós, “to”) + ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”).", + "sentence": "The aim of this book is to answer the question WHAT DID GREEK PROSODY SOUND LIKE?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prosody", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1994, A. M. Devine, Laurence D. Stephens, The Prosody of Greek Speech, Oxford University Press, page v:" + }, + "phraseology": { + "definition": "A group of specialized words and expressions used by a particular group.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek φράσις (phrásis, “speech”) + λόγος (lógos, “explanation”).", + "sentence": "Railway grouping had caused some peculiarly Scottish phraseology to disappear, though the note \"Stops on timous notice to the guard\" survived until comparatively recently.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phraseology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1956 April, K. H. Rudolph, “Fun with \"'Bradshaw\"”, in Railway Magazine, page 253:" + }, + "protectorate": { + "definition": "The authority assumed by a state over another state deemed inferior or dependent, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs but the protected state retains its nominal sovereignty.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish protector\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus, -tūs\nLatin -ātusder.\nEnglish -ate\nEnglish protectorate\nFrom protector + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, a system ruled by people of such office).", + "sentence": "Egypt became a British protectorate in 1914.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/protectorate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "phycology": { + "definition": "The scientific study of algae.", + "origin": "From phyco- + -logy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phycology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pomposity": { + "definition": "The quality of being pompous; self-importance.", + "origin": "From Middle English pomposite (“solemnity”), from Latin pompōsitās. By surface analysis, pomp + -osity.", + "sentence": "With their super-formal tone and heavy use of jargon, legal documents are renowned for their pomposity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pomposity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "protuberant": { + "definition": "Swelling or bulging outward.", + "origin": "Latin protuberans, protuberantis, present participle of protuberare. See protuberate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/protuberant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "phylum": { + "definition": "A rank in the classification of organisms, below kingdom and above class; also called a divisio or a division, especially in describing plants; a taxon at that rank", + "origin": "From Latin phylum, from Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “tribe, race”).", + "sentence": "Mammals belong to the phylum Chordata.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phylum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "pongee": { + "definition": "A soft unbleached silk, from China or India, from silkworms that feed on oak leaves.", + "origin": "From Mandarin 本機／本机 (běnjī, literally “one’s own loom; home-woven; homemade”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pongee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "provenance": { + "definition": "Place or source of origin.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French provenance (“origin”), from Middle French provenant, present participle of provenir (“come forth, arise”), from Latin provenio (“to come forth”).", + "sentence": "Many supermarkets display the provenance of their food products.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/provenance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Pierre": { + "definition": "A male given name from French, of occasional usage, equivalent to English Peter.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French Pierre. Doublet of Peter.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pierre", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pontiff": { + "definition": "A bishop of the early Church; now specifically, the Pope.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French pontife m, from Latin pontifex m. Doublet of pontifex.", + "sentence": "In several respects John turned out to be an unexpected figure as supreme pontiff.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pontiff", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, Edwin Mullins, The Popes of Avignon, Blue Bridge, published 2008, page 46:" + }, + "proviant": { + "definition": "provisions, especially for an army", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proviant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "piety": { + "definition": "Reverence and devotion to God.", + "origin": "From Middle English piete, borrowed from Middle French pieté, from Latin pietās. See also the doublets pietà and pity. By surface analysis, pious + -ety.", + "sentence": "Colleen's piety led her to make sacrifices that most people would not have made.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/piety", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "populace": { + "definition": "The common people of a nation.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French populace, from Italian popolaccio, from popolo + -accio (“pejorative suffix”), from Latin populus.", + "sentence": "The populace despised their ignorant leader.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/populace", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "provincial": { + "definition": "A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a province of the order.", + "origin": "From Middle English provincial, from Old French provincial, from Latin prōvinciālis (“of a province”), equivalent to province + -ial.", + "sentence": "The Franciscan provincial Diego de Landa set up a local Inquisition which unleashed a campaign of interrogation and torture on the Indio population.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/provincial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 700:" + }, + "pilaster": { + "definition": "A rectangular column that projects partially from the wall to which it is attached; it gives the appearance of a support, but is only for decoration.", + "origin": "From Middle French pilastre, from Italian pilastro. Equivalent to pillar + -aster.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pilaster", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "porcelain": { + "definition": "A kind of pigeon with deep brown and off-white feathers.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French porcelaine (“cowrie, wampum; china, chinaware”), from Old Italian porcellana (“cowrie; china, chinaware”), from Italian porcello (“piglet”). The material was so called because of its resemblance to the shell of the cowrie. Why the cowrie was named with a word meaning “piglet” is unclear.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/porcelain", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "proviso": { + "definition": "A conditional provision to an agreement.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin proviso (“it being provided”), ablative singular neuter of provisus, past participle of providere (“to provide”); see provide.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proviso", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pilcrow": { + "definition": "A symbol designating the beginning of a new paragraph.", + "origin": "Probably an alteration of Middle English pylcrafte, modification of Late Latin paragraphus, itself from the Ancient Greek παράγραφος (parágraphos).", + "sentence": "The pilcrow was a simple punctuation symbol used by medieval scribes to indicate the start and end of a paragraph.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pilcrow", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021, Claire Cock-Starkey, Hyphens & Hashtags, Bodleian Library, page 167:" + }, + "porosity": { + "definition": "The state of being porous.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish porous\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish porosity\nFrom porous + -ity.", + "sentence": "An overfired biscuit has insufficient porosity for glazing.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/porosity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, Frank Hamer with Janet Hamer, The Potter's Dictionary of Materials and Techniques, 5th edition, London; Philadelphia, Penn.: A & C Black; University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 248:" + }, + "psychoanalysis": { + "definition": "A family of theories and methods within the field of psychotherapy that work to find connections among patients' unconscious mental processes.", + "origin": "From international scientific vocabulary, after German Psychoanalyse. By surface analysis, psycho- + analysis.", + "sentence": "To be sure, this much I may presume you do know, namely, that psychoanalysis is a method of treating nervous patients medically.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/psychoanalysis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1920, Sigmund Freud, A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis:" + }, + "pileus": { + "definition": "The cap of a mushroom.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin pīleus, a form of pilleus (“a felt cap”).", + "sentence": "The stem is easily separable from the pileus at its junction, in this respect being similar to Amanita, Amanitopsis, Lepiota and others.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pileus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1903, George Francis Atkinson, chapter VII, in Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc., 2nd edition, New York: Henry Holt:" + }, + "portentous": { + "definition": "Of momentous or ominous significance.", + "origin": "Of multiple origins:\n* Borrowed from Latin portentōsus, from portentus (“predicted”) + -ōsus. Compare earlier portentuous (via Middle English from Latin portentuōsus). By surface analysis, portent + -ous.\n* Borrowed from French portentueux", + "sentence": "The chaplain's first mention of the name Yossarian! had tolled deep in his memory like a portentous gong.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/portentous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “Chief White Halfoat”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page page:" + }, + "puchero": { + "definition": "A kind of stew of Spanish origin.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish puchero.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puchero", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pilferer": { + "definition": "One who pilfers.", + "origin": "From pilfer + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pilferer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "portico": { + "definition": "A porch, or a small space with a roof supported by columns, serving as the entrance to a building.", + "origin": "From Italian portico, from Latin porticus (“porch”), from porta (“gate”). Doublet of porch, portego, and porticus.", + "sentence": "The long-closed G.W.R. station alongside has a decidedly derelict-looking frontage, with eight gargoyles or figureheads still clinging to the portico.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/portico", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1952 February, R. A. H. Weight, “A Railway Recorder in Wessex”, in Railway Magazine, page 131:" + }, + "pugilist": { + "definition": "One who fights with their fists, especially a professional prize fighter; a boxer.", + "origin": "From Latin pugil (“boxer”) + -ist, related to pugnus (“fist”), from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”). Compare contemporary pugilism (“boxing”) (1791).", + "sentence": "It was underwear for the inner pugilist.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pugilist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018 August 9, Alan Burdick, “Science has Resolved the Question of Boxers vs. Briefs”, in The New Yorker, archived from the original on 09 Nov 2020:" + }, + "pilosity": { + "definition": "The quality or state of being pilose.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pilosity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "posada": { + "definition": "A traditional Mexican Christmas procession.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nSpanish posar\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nLatin -āta\nSpanish -ada\nSpanish posadabor.\nEnglish posada\nBorrowed from Spanish posada.", + "sentence": "They make a posada for the kids over there.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/posada", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008 December 24, Judith Lerner, “A chef's menu stirs Christmas memories”, in Berkshire Eagle, archived from the original on 04 Mar 2016:" + }, + "pugnacious": { + "definition": "Naturally aggressive or hostile; combative; belligerent; bellicose.", + "origin": "From the stem of Latin pugnāx + -ous, from pugnō (“to fight”), from pugnus (“fist”). By surface analysis, Latin pugn- + -acious.", + "sentence": "As he made the demand he spat out a mouthful of blood and teeth and shoved his pugnacious face close to Oofty-Oofty.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pugnacious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1904, Jack London, chapter 15, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:" + }, + "pilotage": { + "definition": "The use of landmarks to guide a vessel or aircraft to its destination.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish pilot\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nLatin -āticus\nLatin -āticum\nOld French -agebor.\nMiddle English -age\nEnglish -age\nEnglish pilotage\nFrom pilot + -age.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pilotage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "posse": { + "definition": "A group or company of people, originally especially one having hostile intent; a throng, a crowd.", + "origin": "Ellipsis of posse comitatus.", + "sentence": "The current books have a long ancestry, and every innovation carries in its train a posse of suspicious and, one feels, unpersuadable observers.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/posse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1972, Mortimer J. Adler with Charles Van Doren, chapter 3, in How to Read a Book, Touchstone September 2014 edition, New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, →OCLC, page 23:" + }, + "pulchritude": { + "definition": "Physical beauty.", + "origin": "From Middle English pulcritude, from Latin pulchritūdō, from pulcher (“beautiful”).", + "sentence": "Do you know why a woman of such pulchritude is married to me? 'Cause I make a comfortable living.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pulchritude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1979, The Jerk, 00:18:20:" + }, + "pinnacle": { + "definition": "The highest point.", + "origin": "From Middle English, borrowed from Old French pinacle, pinnacle, from Late Latin pinnāculum (“a peak, pinnacle”), from Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”); see pin. Doublet of panache.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pinnacle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "possessive": { + "definition": "Unwilling to yield possession of.", + "origin": "From Middle French possessif, from Latin possessivus (“of or pertaining to possession”), from possessiō (“possessing”), from possidēre (“to possess”). By surface analysis, possess + -ive.", + "sentence": "He is very possessive of his car.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/possessive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "purvey": { + "definition": "To furnish or provide.", + "origin": "From Middle English purveyen, from Anglo-Norman purveer, purveir et al., Old French porveeir, porveoir, from Latin prōvidēre (“to provide”). Doublet of provide; compare prudent.", + "sentence": "Those who sell their own products are distinguished from purveyors, who purvey what others produce.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/purvey", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Lesley Brown, trans. Plato, Sophist, 223d" + }, + "pinnate": { + "definition": "Having two rows of branches, lobes, leaflets, or veins arranged on each side of a common axis", + "origin": "From Latin pinnātus (“feathered”), from pinna (“feather”).", + "sentence": "Mimosa is a tree with pinnate leaves.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pinnate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "posterity": { + "definition": "All the future generations, especially the descendants of a specific person.", + "origin": "Late 14th century, from Middle French posterité, from Latin posteritas, from posterus (“following, coming after”), from post (“after”) (English post-).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/posterity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pyrite": { + "definition": "The common mineral iron disulfide (FeS₂), of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥\nProto-Hellenic *pāwər\nAncient Greek πῦρ (pûr)\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nAncient Greek -της (-tēs)der.\nAncient Greek -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs)\nAncient Greek πῠρῑ́της (pŭrī́tēs)bor.\nLatin pȳritēsder.\nOld French pyriteder.\nEnglish pyrite\nRecorded since 1555, from Old French pyrite (12th century), from Latin pȳritēs, from Ancient Greek πυρίτης λίθος (purítēs líthos, “stone of fire, flint”) (so called because it glitters), notably the first part: adjective πυρίτης (purítēs, “of or in fire”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”). Analyzable as pyr- + -ite", + "sentence": "The pyrite output in 1961 was 1.2 million tons, derived mainly from the Hsiang Shan mine in Anhwei and the Ying-te mine in Kwangtung.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pyrite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1973, Chiao-min Hsieh, “Mining and Manufacturing”, in Christopher L. Salter, editor, Atlas of China, McGraw-Hill, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 100, column 1:" + }, + "pious": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to piety, exhibiting piety, devout, god-fearing.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pewH-\nProto-Italic *pīosder.\nLatin piusbor.\nEnglish pious\nBorrowed from Latin pīus (“pious, dutiful, blessed, kind, devout”), from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“pure”). Cognate with Old English fǣle (“faithful, trusty, good; dear, beloved”). More at feal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "posthumous": { + "definition": "After the death of someone.", + "origin": "From Latin posthumus, a variant spelling of postumus, superlative form of posterus (“coming after”), the ⟨h⟩ added by association with humus (“ground, earth”) referring to burial.", + "sentence": "The most favorable posthumous history the stay-at-home traitor can hope for is—oblivion.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/posthumous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1885, Ulysses S. Grant, “Chapter IV”, in The Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, New York, United States: Charles L. Webster & Co., page 68:" + }, + "pyrotechnics": { + "definition": "An impressive display.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥\nProto-Hellenic *pāwər\nAncient Greek πῦρ (pûr)\nLatin pyr\nEnglish pyro-\nEnglish technic\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nOld English -as\nMiddle English -es\nEnglish -s\nEnglish -ics\nEnglish pyrotechnics\nFrom pyro- + technic + -ics.", + "sentence": "Dazzling verbal pyrotechnics and incredibly vivid characterization.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pyrotechnics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1978 August 19, Kevin Warren, “A Flawless Production”, in Gay Community News, volume 6, number 5, page 17:" + }, + "postural": { + "definition": "Relating to posture.", + "origin": "From posture + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/postural", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "placoderm": { + "definition": "Pertaining to the paraphyletic class †Placodermi.", + "origin": "From placo- + -derm, after German Placoderm.", + "sentence": "Research published recently on placoderm fish fossils from Scottish Devonian lakes (around 365 myo) found evidence for how this extinct group of animals copulated.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/placoderm", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018 January 24, Elsa Panciroli, The Guardian:" + }, + "potassium": { + "definition": "A soft, waxy, silvery reactive metal that is never found unbound in nature; an element with atomic number 19 and atomic weight of 39.0983.", + "origin": "Coined by British chemist Humphry Davy in 1807, from potassa (a Latinized form of potash) + -ium.", + "sentence": "We all need potassium, and green vegetables are a good source.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/potassium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "plagiarism": { + "definition": "Copying of another person's ideas, text, or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially without permission; plagiarizing.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin plagium\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nLatin plagiārius\nEnglish plagiary\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish plagiarism\nFrom plagiary + -ism.", + "sentence": "Even if it's not illegal, plagiarism is usually frowned upon.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plagiarism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "praxis": { + "definition": "The practical application of any branch of learning.", + "origin": "Partly from Latin prāxis and partly from its etymon Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (prâxis, “action, activity, practice”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praxis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "plaintiff": { + "definition": "A party bringing a suit in civil law against a defendant; accuser.", + "origin": "From Middle English plaintif, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French plaintif (“complaining”; as a noun, “one who complains, a plaintiff”) from the verb plaindre. Doublet of plaintive.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plaintiff", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "prehensile": { + "definition": "Able to take hold of and clasp objects; adapted for grasping especially by wrapping around an object.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French préhensile, from Latin perfect passive participle prehēnsus, from prehendō (“grasp, seize”) + adjective suffix -ile, from Latin -ilis.", + "sentence": "Some monkeys have prehensile tails which they use to pick things up.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prehensile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "planetesimal": { + "definition": "Any of many small, solid astronomical objects that orbit a star and form protoplanets through mutual gravitational attraction.", + "origin": "Formed from planet by analogy with infinitesimal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/planetesimal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "prelapsarian": { + "definition": "Of, or relating to the period of innocence before the Fall of man; innocent, unspoiled.", + "origin": "From pre- + Latin lapsus (“fall”) + -arian.", + "sentence": "Ideally, individual stories and God's plan share the same final goal, namely, returning to a prelapsarian state of perfect communication with God.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prelapsarian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, Janet Bertsch, Storytelling in the works of Bunyan, Grimmelshausen, Defoe, and Schnabel, page 4:" + }, + "plangency": { + "definition": "The state of being plangent.", + "origin": "From plangent + -cy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plangency", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "preponderance": { + "definition": "Superiority in amount or number; the bulk or majority; also, a large amount or number; an abundance, a profusion.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish preponderant\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin -āns\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -ia\nLatin -āntia\nOld French -ancebor.\nMiddle English -aunce\nEnglish -ance\nEnglish preponderance\nFrom preponderant + -ance.", + "sentence": "Is there a preponderance of female protagonists in commercial fiction, and if so, what does it mean?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/preponderance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997 August 17, Patricia Holt, “Just add sand; trash fiction for end-of-the summer beach reading”, in San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco, Calif.: Hearst Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:" + }, + "planisphere": { + "definition": "Any representation (map projection) of part of a sphere on a plane surface.", + "origin": "From plani- + sphere or plani- + -sphere.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/planisphere", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "preposterous": { + "definition": "Absurd, or contrary to common sense.", + "origin": "From Latin praeposterus (“with the hinder part before, reversed, inverted, perverted”), from prae (“before”) + posterus (“coming after”).", + "sentence": "Well, I was quite right in asking what preposterous request had you come here about!", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/preposterous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “An Audience”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 257:" + }, + "planogram": { + "definition": "A predetermined computer-generated plan for displaying merchandise on the shelves of a supermarket; normally fine-tuned for each store", + "origin": "From plan + -o- + -gram, originally a company name.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/planogram", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "preprandial": { + "definition": "Occurring before a meal, especially dinner.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-lbor.\nMiddle English pre-\nEnglish pre-\nEnglish prandial\nEnglish preprandial\nFrom pre- + prandial.", + "sentence": "The standardized analysis of metabolic parameters in the preprandial and postprandial state may provide important functional clues for the diagnosis of metabolic disorders.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/preprandial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Johannes Zschocke, “Function Tests”, in Georg F. Hoffmann, Johannes Zschocke, William L[eo] Nyhan, editors, Inherited Metabolic Diseases: A Clinical Approach, Heidelberg: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, page 347, column 1:" + }, + "plantain": { + "definition": "Any plant of the genus Plantago, with a rosette of sessile leaves about 10 cm (4\") long with a narrow part instead of a petiole, and with a spike inflorescence with the flower spacing varying widely among the species. See also psyllium.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English planteyne, planteyn, from Anglo-Norman plainteine et al., Old French plaintain, from Latin plantāgō, from planta (“sole of the foot”), a nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat; to spread”), because of the broad, flat shape of the plantain leaves.", + "sentence": "The roots of Plantain and Pellitory of Spain beaten to powder and put into hollow teeth, takes away the pains of them.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plantain", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 225:" + }, + "presentient": { + "definition": "Having a presentiment.", + "origin": "From pre- + sentient.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/presentient", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "plantigrade": { + "definition": "Of an animal: walking with the entire sole of the foot on the ground.", + "origin": "From French plantigrade, from Latin planta (“sole of the foot”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pléh₂-n̥t-eh₂, from *pleh₂- (“flat”)) + -grade, from Latin gradus (“pace, step”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plantigrade", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "prevenient": { + "definition": "Relating to prevenience; antecedent; preceding; coming or happening before.", + "origin": "From Latin praeveniēns", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prevenient", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "plenipotentiary": { + "definition": "A person invested with full powers, especially as the diplomatic agent of a sovereign state, (originally) charged with handling a certain matter.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin plēnipotentiārius (“having full power”), Late Latin plēnipotēns, from plēnus (“full”) + potēns (“mighty, powerful”).", + "sentence": "None but the like-minded can come plenipotentiary to our court.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plenipotentiary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1859, Henry David Thoreau, A Plea for Captain John Brown:" + }, + "prima donna": { + "definition": "The principal female singer or the leading lady.", + "origin": "From Italian prima donna (“first lady”).", + "sentence": "One night she sang worse than ever; and the next morning half the city rose up, demanding liberty and a new prima donna.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prima%20donna", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, pages 255–256:" + }, + "plenitude": { + "definition": "Fullness; completeness.", + "origin": "From Middle English plenitude, that borrowed from Anglo-Norman plenitude, Middle French plenitude, and their source, Latin plēnitūdō.", + "sentence": "The idea that the love of Philimore had abated, when hers for him seemed in its plenitude, was a most severe aggravation of her misfortune.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plenitude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter XII, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 152:" + }, + "primeval": { + "definition": "Belonging to the first ages.", + "origin": "From Latin primaevus (“in the first or earliest period of life”) + -al, from primus (“first”) + aevum (“time, age”); see prime and age.", + "sentence": "Really Tarzan of the Apes was but a child, or a primeval man, which is the same thing in a way.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/primeval", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 130:" + }, + "plentiful": { + "definition": "Existing in large number or ample amount.", + "origin": "From Middle English plentiful, plentyfull, plentefull, equivalent to plenty + -ful.", + "sentence": "She accumulated a plentiful collection of books.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plentiful", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Plumeria": { + "definition": "frangipani", + "origin": "From translingual Plumeria (genus name), from the name of French botanist Charles Plumier. The genus name is a proper noun and accordingly must be capitalised; the lower case \"plumeria\" is informal notation, not botanical.", + "sentence": "Mrs Horrox told me departees were once presented with a garland of plumeria, but the Mission elders deemed garlands immoral.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plumeria", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas, London: Sceptre (Hodder and Stoughton), →ISBN:" + }, + "primogeniture": { + "definition": "The principle that the eldest child has an exclusive right of inheritance.", + "origin": "From French, from Late Latin primogenitura, from Latin primus (“first”) + genitura (“birth”) (from genitus, past participle of gignere).", + "sentence": "Anglo-Saxon kings did not succeed on the basis of primogeniture.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/primogeniture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999, Robert Lacey, Danny Danziger, The Year 1000: What life was like at the turn of The First Millennium, London: Abacus, published 2000, page 165:" + }, + "princeps": { + "definition": "The title of the Roman emperor during the principate.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin prī̆nceps (“first, foremost”). Doublet of prince and principe.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/princeps", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "poblano": { + "definition": "A mild green chile pepper native to Mexico; when dried, the chilis are called anchos or chiles anchos (“wide chilis”).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish poblano.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poblano", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "privet": { + "definition": "Any of various shrubs and small trees in the genus Ligustrum.", + "origin": "Unknown origin, but possibly connected to prime.", + "sentence": "Slowly she turned round and faced towards a neat white bungalow, set some way back from the path behind a low hedge of golden privet.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/privet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1954, Alexander Alderson, chapter 1, in The Subtle Minotaur:" + }, + "Podunk": { + "definition": "A mythical small town of no importance.", + "origin": "From an Eastern Algonquian, likely Loup A, word or words. Similar names were applied to various small and generally unknown places. By the late 19th century the word came to mean an obscure small town, a use possibly popularized by Mark Twain (see quotation). Carlton and Reed survey similar place names and note a transformation from Potaecke to Potunke to Podunk. Carlton suggests a derivation from the adjective petukque (\"round\"). Tooker compares Ojibwe petobeg (“bog”) (as Chippewa) and Abenaki poteba (“to sink in the mire”) and divides the word into pot- (\"to sink\") and -unk (locative). Algonquian expert Ives Goddard says \"We have no idea what the word means. You'll be able to find guesses in the sources if you look around. Don't believe any of it.\"", + "sentence": "They even know it in Podunk, wherever that may be.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Podunk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1869, Mark Twain, Mr. Beecher and the Clergy:" + }, + "probative": { + "definition": "Tending to prove a particular proposition or to persuade someone of the truth of an allegation.", + "origin": "From Middle English probatiffe, from Old French probatif, from Latin probātīvus (“belonging to proof”), from Latin probare (“show, prove, demonstrate”) (See prove). Originally in terme probatiffe (“a period of time assigned for the proving of an allegation”). First attested in the mid-15th century.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/probative", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pointelle": { + "definition": "A type of knit fabric that contains a pattern of open spaces.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Pointelle patterns add a light and airy feel to a project.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pointelle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1980, Patricia Harste, The knitting book: techniques, patterns, projects, →ISBN, page 97:" + }, + "procurement": { + "definition": "The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment; attainment.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English procurement, from Old French procurement, from procurer.", + "sentence": "He was responsible for the procurement of materials and supplies.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procurement", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "politick": { + "definition": "To engage in political activity.", + "origin": "Back-formation from politicking.", + "sentence": "They can politick and debate, protest and lobby, write Washington and picket Main Street.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/politick", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017 January 20, Conor Friedersdorf, “The American People's Burden on Inauguration Day”, in The Atlantic:" + }, + "prodigious": { + "definition": "Extraordinarily amazing.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *pró\nProto-Indo-European *pro-\nProto-Italic *pro-\nLatin prō-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ǵyéti\nProto-Italic *agjō\nProto-Italic *ajjō\nLatin aiō\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nLatin prōdigium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin prōdigiōsusbor.\nMiddle English prodigious\nEnglish prodigious\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English prodigious (“warning of disaster, portentous”), from Latin prōdigiōsus (“strange, unnatural; marvellous, wonderful, prodigious”), from prōdigium (“prophetic sign, omen, portent; prodigy, wonder”) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of’ forming adjectives from nouns). Prōdigium is derived from prō- (prefix denoting a forward direction, something before or prior, or prominence) + aiō (“to say, speak”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵ- (“to say”)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The English word is analysable as prodigy + -ous.\nThe adverb is derived from the adjective.\nCognates\n* Catalan prodigiós\n* Middle French prodigieux (“portentous”) (modern French prodigieux)\n* Italian prodigioso\n* Portuguese prodigioso\n* Spanish prodigioso", + "sentence": "Is it ſo prodigious, that a Man ſhou'd like me?", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prodigious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "[1707], [Colley] Cibber, The Double Gallant: Or, The Sick Lady’s Cure. A Comedy. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott, […]; and sold by John Phillips, […], →OCLC, Act II, scene [i], page 23:" + }, + "quadriceps": { + "definition": "A muscle having four heads, especially the large extensor at the front of the thigh.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin quadriceps, literally “four-headed”, from quadri- + -ceps, from quattuor (“four”) and from caput (“head”).", + "sentence": "Lanctot slipped the tourniquet around the other, just under his groin, and twisted it tight, clamping quadriceps and hamstring hard to bone.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quadriceps", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 October 20, C. J. Chivers, “Fear on Cape Cod as Sharks Hunt Again”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 17 Feb 2022:" + }, + "quadrilateral": { + "definition": "An area defended by four fortresses supporting each other.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from New Latin quadrilaterus + -al.", + "sentence": "The Venetian quadrilateral comprised Mantua, Peschiera, Verona, and Legnano.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quadrilateral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "quadrillion": { + "definition": "A thousand trillion (logic: 1,000 × 1,000⁴): 1 followed by fifteen zeros, 10¹⁵.", + "origin": "From French quadrillion, from quadri- (“four”) + -illion. By surface analysis, quadr- + -illion.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "num", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quadrillion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "quid pro quo": { + "definition": "Something which is understood as something else; an equivocation.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin quid prō quō (literally “something for something”).", + "sentence": "The misunderstanding of the word or the quid pro quo is the unintentional pun, and is related to it exactly as folly is to wit.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quid%20pro%20quo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1844, Arthur Schopenhauer, translated by Richard Burdon Haldane, The World as Will and Representation, 2nd edition, first book, translation of original in German, section 13:" + }, + "quiddity": { + "definition": "The essence or inherent nature of a person or thing.", + "origin": "From Middle English quidite, from Old French quidité, and its source, Late Latin quidditās, from Latin quid (“what”) + -itas (“-ness”) (whence -ity).", + "sentence": "He understands a leg of mutton in its quiddity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quiddity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "October 1822, Charles Lamb, “The Old Actors”, in London Magazine, Mr. Munden:" + }, + "quinary": { + "definition": "Of fifth rank or order.", + "origin": "From the Latin quīnārius (“containing five each”), from quīnī (“five each”, “five at a time”) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary); compare the French quinaire, the Italian quinario, and the Portuguese quinário. Doublet of quinarius.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quinary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "quince": { + "definition": "The pear-shaped fruit of a small tree of the rose family, Cydonia oblonga.", + "origin": "From Middle English quynce, coince, a variant of coins, coin (“quince”), from Old French cooing (modern coing), from Late Latin cotōneum, from Latin mālum cotōneum, a variant of mālum Cydonium (“Cydonian apple”), translating Ancient Greek μηλοκυδώνιον (mēlokudṓnion).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quince", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "quintessential": { + "definition": "Of the nature of a quintessence (in all senses); being or relating to the ultimate essence of something.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *pénkʷe\nFrom quintessence + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quintessential", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "quirt": { + "definition": "A rawhide whip plaited with two thongs of buffalo hide.", + "origin": "From Spanish cuerda (“cord”), or Mexican Spanish cuarta (“whip”).", + "sentence": "He sprang into the saddle easily as a bird, got the quirt from the horn, and gave his pony a slash with it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quirt", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1903 February, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “Hygeia at the Solito”, in Everybody’s Magazine, volume VIII, number 2, New York, N.Y.: John Wanamaker, →ISSN, page 177, column 2:" + }, + "quittance": { + "definition": "A release or acquittal.", + "origin": "From Middle English quytaunce, from Old French quitance (modern French quittance), from Latin quietantia. The verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quittance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "quotidian": { + "definition": "Having the characteristics of something which can be seen, experienced, etc, every day or very commonly.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman cotidian, cotidien, Middle French cotidian, cotidien, and their source, Latin cottīdiānus, quōtīdiānus (“happening every day”), from adverb cottīdiē, quōtīdiē (“every day, daily”), from an unattested adjective derived from quot (“how many”) + locative form of diēs (“day”).", + "sentence": "The story or the painting would serve to connect the part with the whole, the event with the myth, the quotidian with the sacred.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quotidian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 102:" + }, + "QWERTY": { + "definition": "A standard layout of keys on a keyboard for typing, in which the leftmost keys of the top lettered row are Q-W-E-R-T-Y.", + "origin": "From the first six letters on one of the upper rows of such a keyboard.", + "sentence": "The ‘QWERTY’ layout of keyboards is also a cause for concern.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/QWERTY", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1993 September 11, John Ballard, “RSI on Trial: More People Suffering from Repetitive Strain Injury are Seeking Compensation in Court as Fresh Evidence Comes to Light about the Symptoms and Causes of this Crippling Disorder”, in New Scientist, London: New Scientist Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 Apr 2016:" + }, + "rabato": { + "definition": "Stiff collar, wired or starched, worn in the 16th and 17th centuries; sometimes used as a support for the ruff.", + "origin": "From French rabat.", + "sentence": "Margaret: Troth, I think your other rabato were better.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rabato", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:" + }, + "rabbinic": { + "definition": "Relating to rabbis.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish rabbi\nEnglish -n-\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish rabbinic\nFrom rabbi + -n- + -ic.", + "sentence": "Yoni was hired as the shul's cantor, but he has a very rabbinic attitude.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rabbinic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "rambunctious": { + "definition": "Boisterous, energetic, noisy, and difficult to control.", + "origin": "A variant of rumbustious (“boisterous and unruly”).", + "sentence": "The kids are being especially rambunctious today.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rambunctious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ramson": { + "definition": "A plant, Allium ursinum, a wild relative of chives and garlic.", + "origin": "Back-formation from ramsons; compare Middle English ramson (originally plural, taken as singular); Old English hramesan, plural of hramsa (“onion, broad-leafed garlic”), from Proto-West Germanic *hramusō, from Proto-Germanic *hramusô (“onion, leek”), from Proto-Indo-European *kermus-, *kremus- (“wild garlic”). Cognate with Scots ramps (“wild garlic”), Dutch rams (“ramson”), Danish rams (“ramson”), Swedish ramslök (“wild garlic”). See buckrams.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ramson", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rapscallion": { + "definition": "A rascal, scamp, rogue, or scoundrel.", + "origin": "From an alteration of rascallion, a fanciful elaboration of rascal (“someone who is naughty”).", + "sentence": "She was the sister who had remained within the pale; I, the rapscallion of a brother whose vagaries were trying to his relations.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rapscallion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1901, Joseph Conrad, Ford M. Hueffer [i.e., Ford Madox Ford], chapter 3, in The Inheritors: An Extravagant Story, London: William Heinemann, →OCLC:" + }, + "rasorial": { + "definition": "Scratching the ground for food, as domestic fowl or other gallinaceous birds.", + "origin": "From Rasores, the obsolete taxonomic order of birds including chickens and other poultry, and + -ial.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rasorial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "raucous": { + "definition": "Harsh and rough-sounding.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin rāvis\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin raucusbor.\nEnglish raucous\nBorrowed from Latin raucus (“hoarse, husky, raucous”).", + "sentence": "At night, raucous ruckus took place in the swamp.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/raucous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "reagent": { + "definition": "A compound or mixture of compounds used to treat or test materials, samples, other compounds or reactants in a laboratory or sometimes an industrial setting.", + "origin": "Possibly from Latin reagō. Compare with Norwegian Bokmål reagens. The sequence of act → action → agent → agency shows morphologic and semantic parallel, and apparent cognate relation, with react → reaction → reagent → reagency.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reagent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "realgar": { + "definition": "A mineral, arsenic sulfide (AsS), often associated with orpiment and stibnite in lead, silver and gold ores.", + "origin": "From Middle English realgar, from Medieval Latin realgar, resalgar, from Arabic رَهْج اَلْغَار (rahj al-ḡār, literally “cave dust”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/realgar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "realm": { + "definition": "A sphere of knowledge or of influence; a domain.", + "origin": "From Middle English rewme, realme, reaume, from Old French reaume, realme, reialme (“kingdom”), of unclear origins. A postulated *rēgālimen (“domain, kingdom”), Late Latin or Vulgar Latin cross of regimen with rēgālis is usually cited.\nThe modern spelling predominates from around 1600. The modern pronunciation with /l/ is either a spelling pronunciation or influenced by the etymology.", + "sentence": "Why should we despise anything in the realm of Buddha?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/realm", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1907, Tada Kanai, “The World and How to Pass Through It”, in Arthur Lloyd, transl., Seven Buddhist Sermons:" + }, + "Realtor": { + "definition": "A person or business that sells or leases out real estate, acting as an agent for the property owner.", + "origin": "From real (in real estate) and -or. Coined by Charles N. Chadbourn in 1916, on the model of Latin agent nouns ending in -tor (such as actor, creator), to refer to real-estate professionals who are members of the National Association of Realtors, a trade association in the United States. Equivalent to realt(y) + -or.", + "sentence": "Intrigued by the prospect of an additional commission, the realtor hurriedly assured me he foresaw no problem in obtaining the lease.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/realtor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1975, Jerzy Kosiński, Cockpit, Grove Press, published 1998, page 189:" + }, + "rebarbative": { + "definition": "Irritating, repellent.", + "origin": "From French rébarbatif, rébarbative (“repellent, disagreeable”), from Middle French rebarber (“to oppose”), ultimately from Latin barba (“beard”), literally “to stand beard to beard against”.", + "sentence": "Central to the story was Steve Eisman, an eccentric and rebarbative hedge-funder who was one of the earliest to see through the subprime lies.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rebarbative", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 April 5, Alex Preston, “Flash Boys: Cracking the Money Code by Michael Lewis, review: Michael Lewis tells the compelling true story of one man’s mission to tame Wall Street [print version: Capital ventures]”, in The Daily Telegraph, London, archived from the original on 08 Apr 2014, page R26:" + }, + "reboation": { + "definition": "A loud reverberation; the echo of a bellow or roar.", + "origin": "From Latin reboare; compare reboant.", + "sentence": "Rustle we with rustle answer, thunder with our rolling thunder, / In a crashing reboation, threefold, tenfold multiplied.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reboation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1965, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, translated by Albert G. Latham, edited by Ernest Rhys, Faust: Parts I and II, page 249:" + }, + "recipient": { + "definition": "One who receives.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French récipient, from Latin recipiēns, present participle of recipiō (“to receive”).", + "sentence": "My e-mail never reached the intended recipient.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recipient", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "reciprocity": { + "definition": "The characteristic of being reciprocal, e.g. of a relationship between people.", + "origin": "From French réciprocité.", + "sentence": "In a friendship, reciprocity occurs where the contribution of each party meets the expectations of the other party.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reciprocity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "reconcilable": { + "definition": "Capable of being reconciled.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *kelh₁-\nProto-Italic *kalō\nLatin calō\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nLatin concilium\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin conciliō\nLatin reconciliōbor.\nEnglish reconcile\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ābilis\nOld French -ablebor.\nMiddle English -able\nEnglish -able\nEnglish reconcilable\nFrom reconcile + -able.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reconcilable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "reconnoiter": { + "definition": "To perform a reconnaissance (of an area; an enemy position); to scout with the aim of acquiring information.", + "origin": "From French reconnoître (obsolete spelling of reconnaître), from Latin recognoscere (“to recognize”). Contrarily, there is also an obsolete 19th-century British English spelling reconnaitre (now reconnoitre).", + "sentence": "Our scout will reconnoiter the path ahead of our troops.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reconnoiter", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "reprieve": { + "definition": "The cancellation or postponement of a punishment.", + "origin": "First use appears c. 1513 in the writings of Robert Fabyan. In the sense of “to take back to prison”, from Middle English repryen (“to remand, detain”) (1494), possibly from Middle French repris, in the form of reprendre (“take back”); a cognate to reprise. The sense has become generalized, but does retain connotations of punishment and execution. The noun's first use appears c. 1592.", + "sentence": "The prisoner was saved from execution; the governor had requested a reprieve.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reprieve", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "reprisal": { + "definition": "An act of retaliation.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman reprisaille (French représaille), from Old Italian ripresaglia (Italian rappresaglia), from ripreso, past participle of riprendere (“to take back”), from Latin reprendere, earlier reprehendere (see reprehend).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reprisal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Requiem": { + "definition": "A large or dangerous shark, specifically, (zoology) a member of the family Carcharhinidae.", + "origin": "From French requin, altered by association with Etymology 1, above.", + "sentence": "Any man-eater is called a requiem.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/requiem", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1973, Patrick Buchanan, A Requiem of Sharks:" + }, + "requisition": { + "definition": "A demand by the invader upon the people of an invaded country for supplies, as of provision, forage, transportation, etc.", + "origin": "From Middle English requisicion, from Old French requisicion, from Medieval Latin requisitio. By surface analysis, requisit(e) + -ion.", + "sentence": "In such cases, a requisition for additional labor was served on German civil officials.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/requisition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1943, American Military Government of Occupied Germany, 1918-1920, page 199:" + }, + "resilience": { + "definition": "The mental ability to recover quickly from depression, illness or misfortune.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-\nLatin saliō\nLatin resiliō\nEnglish -ence\nEnglish resilience\nFrom Latin resiliō (“to spring back”) + English -ence.", + "sentence": "Martin Seligman's impressive body of research showed that a pessimistic explanatory style carves a path to depression, while an optimistic explanatory style leads to resilience.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/resilience", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021, Lisa Miller, The Awakened Brain, Ch.2, at p.36" + }, + "resplendence": { + "definition": "The property of being, or that which causes something to be, resplendent.", + "origin": "From Middle English resplendence, from Latin resplendentia.", + "sentence": "Son! thou in whom my glory I behold / In full resplendence, heir of all my might.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/resplendence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1667, Milton, Paradise Lost:" + }, + "restitutory": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to restitution.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish restitute\nLatin -tōriusder.\nMiddle English -orie\nEnglish -ory\nEnglish restitutory\nFrom restitute + -ory.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/restitutory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "resuscitate": { + "definition": "To restore consciousness, vigor, or life to.", + "origin": "From Latin resuscitātus, past participle of resuscitō (“to raise up again, revive”), from re- (“again”) + suscitō (“to raise up”), from sub- (“up, under”) + citō (“to summon, rouse”).", + "sentence": "In a speech in early January, he set out an agenda to resuscitate the country and save the Conservative Party, now in free fall.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/resuscitate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 January 30, Moya Lothian-McLean, “It’s Not Going Well for Britain’s New Prime Minister”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:" + }, + "retinol": { + "definition": "A fat-soluble carotenoid vitamin (vitamin A), present in fish oils and green vegetables, essential to normal vision and to bone development.", + "origin": "From retina + -ol.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/retinol", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "retinoscopy": { + "definition": "Analysis of the refractive properties of the eye using a retinoscope; skiascopy.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish retino-\nProto-Indo-European *speḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *spéḱyeti\nProto-Hellenic *sképt͏̌omai\nAncient Greek σκέπτομαι (sképtomai)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Hellenic *-ós\n▲\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)influ.\nAncient Greek -ός (-ós)\nAncient Greek σκοπός (skopós)\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *-eyéti\nProto-Indo-European *-esyéti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nAncient Greek -έω (-éō)\nAncient Greek σκοπέω (skopéō)der.\nEnglish -scopy\nEnglish retinoscopy\nFrom retino- + -scopy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/retinoscopy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "retrocedence": { + "definition": "recession, regression, retrogression", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/retrocedence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "retrodict": { + "definition": "To attempt to estimate the previous state from the present.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-\nLatin retrōder.\nEnglish retro-\nEnglish predict\nEnglish retrodict\nFrom retro- + predict.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/retrodict", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "retrograde": { + "definition": "Of ideas or a person: opposing social reform, favouring the maintenance of the status quo; conservative.", + "origin": "The adjective is derived from Middle English retrograd, retrograde (“of a planet: appearing to move in a direction opposite to the order of the zodiac signs, retrograde; unfortunate”), from Middle French retrograde and Old French retrograde (“of a celestial object: appearing to move backwards; moving backwards; reverse; palindromic; opposed to change”) (modern French rétrograde), and from their etymon Latin retrōgradus (“of a celestial object: appearing to move backwards”) (compare Late Latin retrōgradus (“reverse; palindromic”)), from retrō (“back, backwards; behind; before, formerly”) + gradus (“pace, step”). By surface analysis, retro- + -grade.\nThe adverb and noun are derived from the adjective.", + "sentence": "Such retrograde people still exist, resisting modernity, dragging their feet.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/retrograde", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 74:" + }, + "revenant": { + "definition": "Someone who returns from a long absence.", + "origin": "19th century. From French revenant, the present participle of revenir (“to return”). Compare revenue.", + "sentence": "They would not visit this undesirable revenant with his insolent wealth and discreditable origin.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/revenant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1886, Mrs Lynn Linton, Paston Carew viii, as cited in the Oxford English Dictionary, volume 8 part 1, published 1914, page 595" + }, + "recreant": { + "definition": "Unfaithful to someone, or to one's duties or honour; disloyal, false.", + "origin": "From Middle English recreaunt, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French recreant (“defeated”), from recroire (“to yield in a trial by combat, surrender allegiance”). Compare miscreant.", + "sentence": "But, thank fortune, this preacher can be even more easily reached by the weapons of the reformer than could the recreant priest.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recreant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1854, Henry David Thoreau, Slavery in Massachusetts:" + }, + "recriminatory": { + "definition": "In the way of recriminations.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "His dwelling on recriminatory memories pushed him into depression.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recriminatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "recumbent": { + "definition": "Lying down.", + "origin": "From Latin present participle recumbēns, from recumbō (“to recline”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recumbent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "recusancy": { + "definition": "Obstinate refusal or opposition.", + "origin": "From recusant + -cy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recusancy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "redolent": { + "definition": "Having the smell of the article in question.", + "origin": "From Middle English redolent (first attested in 1400), from Old French redolent, from Latin redolentem, present participle of redoleō (“to emit a scent”), from red- + oleō (“to smell”).", + "sentence": "His breath is already redolent of whiskey.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/redolent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1861, Francis Colburn Adams, chapter 32, in An Outcast:" + }, + "refrigerant": { + "definition": "That which makes cool or cold, such as a medicine for allaying the symptoms of fever.", + "origin": "From Latin refrīgerāns, present participle of refrīgerō (“to cool, to refresh”).", + "sentence": "The fiz was a mockery, and the saline refrigerant struck a colder chill to my despondent heart.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/refrigerant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1869, Oliver Wendell Holmes, “Cinders from the Ashes”, in Pages from an Old Volume of Life, Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, published 1883, page 245:" + }, + "refugium": { + "definition": "Any local environment that has escaped regional ecological change and therefore provides a habitat for endangered species.", + "origin": "From Latin refugium. Doublet of refuge.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/refugium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "regalia": { + "definition": "Royal rights, prerogatives and privileges actually enjoyed by any sovereign, regardless of his title (emperor, grand duke etc.).", + "origin": "From Middle English regalie, from Medieval Latin rēgālia (“royal powers”), substantivisation of the neuter plural of rēgālis (“of a king”), from rēx (“king”). By surface analysis, regal + -ia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regalia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "reggae": { + "definition": "A music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s and is heavily associated with Rastafarianism, featuring a heavy bass line and percussive rhythm guitar on the offbeat, often with close vocal harmonies.", + "origin": "From Jamaican Creole rege (“rags; a quarrel”), see rag; originally used in the 1960s to describe a Jamaican dance. Compare ragtime. Broader musical sense popularized by the 1968 Maytals song “Do the Reggay”.", + "sentence": "I mean, the very name reggae.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reggae", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1978, 05:35 from the start, in Wolfgang Büld, director, 'Reggae In a Babylon (film (documentary)), spoken by Dennis Bovell (as himself, a member of the band Matumbi):" + }, + "regicide": { + "definition": "The killing of a king.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin rēgicidium (“king-killing”)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regicide", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "regnal": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the reign of a monarch (or pope).", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin rēgnālis, from Latin rēgnum + -ālis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regnal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "regurgitate": { + "definition": "To be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge back.", + "origin": "From Late Latin regurgitātus, past participle of regurgitāre, combined form of re- (“back”) + gurgitāre (“to engulf, flood”), from gurges (“whirlpool, gulf, sea, abyss”).", + "sentence": "Food may regurgitate from the stomach into the mouth.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regurgitate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "reimbursable": { + "definition": "Eligible for repayment, particularly for money spent or expenses incurred; qualifying for reimbursement.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish reimburse\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ābilis\nOld French -ablebor.\nMiddle English -able\nEnglish -able\nEnglish reimbursable\nFrom reimburse + -able.", + "sentence": "Buying a souvenir during a business trip is not a reimbursable expense.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reimbursable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "reminiscent": { + "definition": "Suggestive of an earlier event or times.", + "origin": "From Latin reminīscēns, present participle of reminīscor (“remember”), from re- (“again”) + min-, base of me-min-isse (“to remember, think over”), akin to mens (“mind”); see mental, mind, etc.", + "sentence": "It was reminiscent of the rallies held by Adolph Hitler during the 1930s-1940s before adoring crowds in Nazi Germany.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reminiscent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020 November 19, Richard Weintraub, “Trump's use of 'Newspeak' to explain away virus puts Americans at risk | For What It's Worth”, in Pocono Record:" + }, + "remonstrance": { + "definition": "A remonstration; disapproval; a formal, usually written, objection or protest.", + "origin": "From Middle French remonstrance (French remontrance).", + "sentence": "Moreover, you must remember, even as children, Marie was ever more resolute than myself; and now, how little would she heed remonstrance of mine!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/remonstrance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XIV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 151:" + }, + "remuda": { + "definition": "A herd of horses from which the horses to be used for a particular purpose are selected.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish remuda.", + "sentence": "To one side of the barn was a remuda of work-horses, perhaps twenty in all.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/remuda", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, Stephen King, Wolves of the Calla:" + }, + "remuneration": { + "definition": "Something given in exchange for goods or services rendered.", + "origin": "From Latin remūnerātiō.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/remuneration", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "renegotiate": { + "definition": "To negotiate new terms to replace old ones.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *wre-\nLatin re-der.\nOld French re-bor.\nMiddle English re-\nEnglish re-\nEnglish negotiate\nEnglish renegotiate\nFrom re- + negotiate.", + "sentence": "The compulsion to expose, renegotiate, or reinvent the strengths and weaknesses of dance tradition offers little in its final outcome to attract the average dance-goer.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/renegotiate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, Deborah Hay, My Body, The Buddhist, →ISBN, page 78:" + }, + "repartee": { + "definition": "A swift, witty reply, especially one that is amusing.", + "origin": "From French repartie, a deverbal of repartir (“to retort”).", + "sentence": "A slight smile broke on his lips. ¶ \"You are always prepared to sacrifice your principles for a repartee,\" he answered.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/repartee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter 41, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:" + }, + "repentant": { + "definition": "Feeling or showing sorrow for wrongdoing.", + "origin": "From Middle English repentant, from Old French repentant, present participle of repentir. By surface analysis, repent + -ant.", + "sentence": "I believe that this man is repentant for his wrongdoings.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/repentant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, Valorie Cunningham, Choices, FriesenPress, →ISBN:" + }, + "repercussion": { + "definition": "The act of driving back, or the state of being driven back; reflection; reverberation.", + "origin": "From Middle French répercussion, from Latin repercussio (“rebounding; repercussion”), from repercutio (“cause to rebound, reflect, strike against”), from re- + percutio (“beat, strike”), from per- (“thoroughly”) + quatio (“shake”).", + "sentence": "Ever echoing back in endless repercussion.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/repercussion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1846, Julius Hare, The Mission of the Comforter:" + }, + "reverberant": { + "definition": "Turned up sigmoidally, with the end pointing outward; reboundant.", + "origin": "From Middle French reverberant (present participle of reverberer), or directly from Latin reverberāns (present participle of reverberō); compare French réverbérant, Italian riverberante, Portuguese reverberante, and Spanish reverberante.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reverberant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rhapsody": { + "definition": "An exaggeratedly enthusiastic or exalted expression of feeling in speech or writing.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Latin rhapsōdia (“part of an epic poem suitable for uninterrupted recitation”), from Koine Greek ῥαψῳδία (rhapsōidía, “part of an epic poem suitable for uninterrupted recitation; rigmarole”), Ancient Greek ῥαψῳδία (rhapsōidía, “composition or recitation of Epic poetry”), from ῥαψῳδός (rhapsōidós, “composer or performer of Epic poetry”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Ῥαψῳδός (Rhapsōidós) is derived from ῥᾰ́πτω (rhắptō, “to sew”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend; to turn”)) + ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “ode; song”) + -ος (-os, suffix forming o-grade action nouns).\nSense 2.2 (“instrumental composition of irregular form”) probably developed from sense 2.1 (“exaggeratedly enthusiastic or exalted expression of feeling in speech or writing”), and both of these senses may have been influenced by rapture (“extreme excitement, happiness, or pleasure”), the latter being a quality associated with the senses. Sense 2.3 (“literary composition consisting of miscellaneous works”) is borrowed from Middle French rhapsodie (modern French rhapsodie), from Latin rhapsōdia: see above.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\nCognates\n* French rhapsodie (“instrumental composition of irregular form”)\n* German Rhapsodie (“instrumental composition of irregular form”)", + "sentence": "Pen went off into a rhapsody through which, as we have perfect command over our own feelings, we have no reason to follow the lad.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rhapsody", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:" + }, + "rhizome": { + "definition": "A horizontal, underground stem of some plants that sends out roots and shoots (scions) from its nodes.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥίζωμα (rhízōma). As philosophical metaphor, used by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari.", + "sentence": "All these species are climbing, briery plants, having long slender roots, which proceed in all directions from a common rootstalk or rhizome.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rhizome", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1868, George Bacon Wood, A Treatise on Therapeutics, and Pharmacology, Or Materia Medica, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company, page 432:" + }, + "rhythmically": { + "definition": "With reference to rhythm.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ser-?\nProto-Indo-European *srew-\nProto-Indo-European *sru-dʰ-mo-s\nProto-Hellenic *hrutʰmós\nAncient Greek ῥῠθμός (rhŭthmós)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós)\nAncient Greek ῥυθμικός (rhuthmikós)\nEnglish rhythmic\nEnglish -al\nEnglish rhythmical\nProto-Indo-European *leyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *līkąder.\nProto-Germanic *-līkaz\nProto-Germanic *-ê\nProto-Germanic *-līkê\nProto-West Germanic *-līkē\nOld English -līċe\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish rhythmically\nFrom rhythmical + -ly.", + "sentence": "These songs are rhythmically complex.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rhythmically", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ricochet": { + "definition": "A method of firing a projectile so that it skips along a surface.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French ricochet, of uncertain origin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ricochet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rictus": { + "definition": "Any open-mouthed expression.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin rictus.", + "sentence": "His face was a rictus of sheer delight.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rictus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "rigatoni": { + "definition": "A ribbed tubular form of pasta, larger than penne but with square-cut ends, often slightly curved.", + "origin": "From Italian rigatoni, literally an augmented form of rigato (“striped”).", + "sentence": "I think some of my rigatoni are still alive.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rigatoni", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Dean R[ay] Koontz, Hideaway, New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →ISBN, page 316:" + }, + "ritziness": { + "definition": "The quality of being ritzy.", + "origin": "From ritzy + -ness.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ritziness", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rollicking": { + "definition": "A scolding, a bollocking.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "I'm going to give him the rollicking of his life.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rollicking", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004. Richard Ayoade as Dean Learner in \"Once Upon a Beginning\", Garth Marenghi's Darkplace episode 1" + }, + "Romano": { + "definition": "A surname", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Romano", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rosin": { + "definition": "A solid form of resin, obtained from liquid resin by vaporizing its volatile components.", + "origin": "From Old French raisine, rousine, variants of résine. Doublet of resin.", + "sentence": "The action of the bow therefore depends almost entirely upon the application of rosin and upon its frictional properties.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rosin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1998, Neville H. Fletcher, Thomas Rossing, The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2nd edition, Springer Science & Business, →ISBN, page 284:" + }, + "roustabout": { + "definition": "An unskilled laborer, especially at an oilfield, at a circus or on a ship.", + "origin": "From roust + about.", + "sentence": "Then Sísiphos in torment I beheld / being roustabout to a tremendous boulder.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/roustabout", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Homer, translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Odyssey, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Book Eleven, 668-9:" + }, + "Rubicon": { + "definition": "A small river in northeastern Italy which flowed into the Adriatic Sea marking the boundary between the Roman province of Gaul and the Roman heartland. Its crossing by Julius Caesar in 49 B.C.E. began a civil war.", + "origin": "From Latin Rubicō, Rubicōn (“the Rubicon”), possibly from rubeus (“red, reddish”), from rubeō (“to be red”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”), an allusion to the colour of the river caused by mud deposits.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Rubicon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rugose": { + "definition": "Having rugae or wrinkles, creases, ridges, or corrugation.", + "origin": "From Latin rūgōsus (“wrinkled”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rugose", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ruminate": { + "definition": "To chew cud. (Said of ruminants.) Involves regurgitating partially digested food from the rumen.", + "origin": "First attested in 1533; borrowed from Latin rūminātus, perfect active participle of rūminor (“to chew the cud, turn over in the mind”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from rūmen (“the throat, gullet”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix), itself of uncertain origin.", + "sentence": "A camel will ruminate just as a cow will.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ruminate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "rustication": { + "definition": "Residence in the country.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish rusticate\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nEnglish rustication\nFrom rusticate + -ion.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rustication", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "saltatory": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to leaps or leaping.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin saliō\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Italic *-tos\nLatin -tus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin -tō\nLatin saltō\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -tor\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -tōrius\nLatin saltātōriusbor.\nEnglish saltatory\nBorrowed from Latin saltātōrius.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saltatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sapphire": { + "definition": "of a deep blue colour.", + "origin": "From Middle English saphir, from Old French saphir, from Latin sapphir, sappir, sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros, “precious stone, gem”), from a Semitic language such as Hebrew סַפִּיר (sappī́r, “lapis lazuli”), originally from Assyrian Akkadian šipirtu (“lapis lazuli”).", + "sentence": "At about eleven, we uncaged our pigeons, who flew away into the sapphire sky that hung like a sail from the white peaks.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sapphire", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1927, Dhan Gopal Mukerji, Gay-Neck, the Story of a Pigeon, E.P. Dutton & Co., page 33:" + }, + "sardonic": { + "definition": "Scornfully mocking or cynical.", + "origin": "From French sardonique, from Latin sardonius, from Ancient Greek σαρδόνιος (sardónios), alternative form of σαρδάνιος (sardánios, “bitter or scornful laughter”), which is often cited as deriving from the Sardinian plant (Ranunculus sardous or possibly Oenanthe crocata), known as either σαρδάνη (sardánē) or σαρδόνιον (sardónion). When eaten, it would cause the eater's face to contort in a look resembling scorn (generally followed by death). It might also be related to σαίρω (saírō, “to grin”). The related term sardoin, as gentilic, is ultimately derived from σάρδιον (sárdion) from Σάρδεις (Sárdeis), referring to Sardis in Lydia or Sart in Manisa, Turkey; other sources reference Sardonian from Σαρδόνιος (Sardónios, “from Sardinia”).", + "sentence": "He distances himself from people with his nasty, sardonic laughter.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sardonic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sartorial": { + "definition": "Of or relating to the tailoring of clothing.", + "origin": "From New Latin sartorius (“pertaining to a tailor”), from Late Latin sartor (“tailor”), from Latin sarcire (“to patch, mend”) + -ial.", + "sentence": "His sartorial rebellions were slight: he wore jeans, for example, when giving tutorials.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sartorial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2001 December 21, Jay Parini, “By Their Clothes Ye Shall Know Them”, in The Chronicle of Higher Education, B24:" + }, + "sashay": { + "definition": "To chassé when dancing.", + "origin": "Verlan (or metathesis) form of French chassé, past participle of chasser (“chase”), from Latin captō, frequentative of capiō (“to take”).", + "sentence": "\"Hope I didn't put away too much fried chicken to sashay properly at the square dance,\" Bud remarked.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sashay", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Victor Appleton, Tom Swift and the Electronic Hydrolung:" + }, + "saturnine": { + "definition": "Of a person: having a tendency to be cold and gloomy.", + "origin": "From Middle English saturnine, satournine, satournyne, saturnin, saturnyn, saturnyne (“pertaining to or under the influence of the planet Saturn; line on the palm of the hand associated with Saturn”), from Old French saturnine, saturnin (modern French saturnin (“of, pertaining to, resembling or containing lead, plumbic”)), or directly from its etymon Medieval Latin Sāturnīnus, from Sāturnus (“the Roman god Saturn; the planet Saturn”) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’); analysable as Saturn + -ine. The English word is cognate with Italian saturnino (“saturnine”), Portuguese saturnino (“melancholy, saturnine; pertaining to the planet Saturn”), Spanish saturnino (“melancholy, saturnine; pertaining to the planet Saturn”).\nSense 1 (“having a tendency to be cold, bitter, gloomy, etc.”) refers to the fact that individuals born under the astrological influence of the planet Saturn were believed to have that disposition.", + "sentence": "I may cast my readers under two general divisions: the mercurial and the saturnine.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saturnine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1711 October 5 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “MONDAY, September 25, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 179; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 428:" + }, + "sauger": { + "definition": "A freshwater perciform fish, of species Sander canadensis.", + "origin": "Unknown. Attested from late 19th century.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sauger", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "scarab": { + "definition": "A beetle of the species Scarabaeus sacer, sacred to the ancient Egyptians.", + "origin": "From Middle French scarabée, from Latin scarabaeus (“beetle”). Doublet of scarabaeus, now obsolete.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scarab", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "scarlatina": { + "definition": "scarlet fever", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scarlatina", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "scenographer": { + "definition": "A person who designs sets for film or television.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scenographer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "schism": { + "definition": "A split or separation within a group or organization, typically caused by discord.", + "origin": "From Middle English scisme, from Old French cisme or scisme, from Ancient Greek σχίσμα (skhísma, “division”), from σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”). Doublet of schisma. Compare chasm.\nThis word was historically pronounced /ˈsɪzəm/ (and still is among the clergy); the pronunciations /ˈʃɪzəm/, /ˈskɪzəm/ are due to the spelling (the latter may have been reinforced by learned influence); compare schedule.", + "sentence": "A schism broke the organization into two rivals.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/schism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "schooner": { + "definition": "A sailing ship with two or more masts, all with fore-and-aft sails; if two masted, having a foremast and a mainmast.", + "origin": "Attested ca. 1715, of uncertain origin. Said to be derived from dialectal scoon (“to skim over water”). Compare also shunt (“to cause to move (suddenly)”).", + "sentence": "The night was considerably clearer than anybody on board her desired when the schooner Ventura headed for the land.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/schooner", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 6, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:" + }, + "scintillation": { + "definition": "A flash of light; a spark.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish scintillate\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nEnglish scintillation\nFrom scintillate + -ion.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scintillation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sabbatical": { + "definition": "Relating to the Sabbath.", + "origin": "From Latin sabbaticus + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sabbatical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sabermetrics": { + "definition": "The analysis of baseball, especially via its statistics.", + "origin": "Coined by Bill James in 1980, from SABR (“Society for American Baseball Research”) + metrics.", + "sentence": "More recently, specialists like him have had to fend off a new threat: sabermetrics.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sabermetrics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 October 1, Randy Leonard, “Baseball’s Long and Complicated Relationship With the Bunt”, in The Atlantic:" + }, + "sabotage": { + "definition": "A deliberate action aimed at weakening someone (or something, a nation, etc) or preventing them from being successful, through subversion, obstruction, disruption, and/or destruction.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French sabotage.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sabotage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sacrament": { + "definition": "The oath of allegiance taken by soldiers in Ancient Rome; hence, any sacred ceremony used to impress an obligation; a solemn oath-taking; an oath.", + "origin": "From Middle English sacrament, from Old French sacrement, from Ecclesiastical Latin sacrāmentum (“sacrament”), from Latin sacrō (“hallow, consecrate”), from sacer (“sacred, holy”), originally sum deposited by parties to a suit.", + "sentence": "I'll take the sacrament on 't.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sacrament", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:" + }, + "sacrosanct": { + "definition": "Beyond alteration, criticism, or interference, especially due to religious sanction; inviolable.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin sacrōsānctus.", + "sentence": "It will be noted that pre-grouping routes between London and Scotland are no longer sacrosanct—for example, Glasgow St.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sacrosanct", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1960 December, B. Perren, “The role of the Great Central—present and future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 765:" + }, + "sailage": { + "definition": "The sails of a boat, taken collectively.", + "origin": "From sail + -age.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sailage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sclerosis": { + "definition": "The abnormal hardening of body tissues, such as an artery; the appearance of hardenings, indurations, lesions, nodules.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek σκλήρωσις (sklḗrōsis, “hardening”), from σκληρόω (sklēróō, “to harden”), from σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”); by surface analysis, sclero- + -osis.", + "sentence": "The “Euphoria” and “Grey’s Anatomy” actor announced on Thursday that he has been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sclerosis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 April 10, Dan Heching, “Eric Dane shares that he has been diagnosed with ALS”, in CNN:" + }, + "scrivener": { + "definition": "A professional writer; one whose occupation is to draw contracts or prepare writings.", + "origin": "From Middle English scryvener, alteration of scryveyn, from Anglo-Norman scrivein (“professional penman, copyist”), from Old French escrivain, from Vulgar Latin *scriba, *scribanem, from Latin scriba, from scrībō (“to write”).", + "sentence": "Below this, sat two scrivener monks at two little desks, on which were scrolls of parchment and ink-horns and goose-quill pens.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scrivener", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1936, Norman Lindsay, The Flyaway Highway, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 40:" + }, + "scrumptiously": { + "definition": "in a scrumptious manner", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish scrumptious\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish scrumptiously\nFrom scrumptious + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scrumptiously", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "scumble": { + "definition": "To apply an opaque glaze to an area of a painting to make it softer or duller.", + "origin": "Uncertain; perhaps from scum with frequentative -le.", + "sentence": "I want you to scumble the bottom third with sap green.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scumble", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1987, Bernard MacLaverty, short story. \"The Drapery Man\" (published in The Great Profumo and Other Stories, Jonathan Cape, 1987) - p.35" + }, + "scythe": { + "definition": "An instrument for mowing grass, grain, etc. by hand, composed of a long, curving blade with a sharp concave edge, fastened to a long handle called a snath.", + "origin": "From Middle English sythe, sithe, from Old English sīþe, sīgþe, sigdi (“sickle”), from Proto-West Germanic *sigiþi, from Proto-Germanic *sigiþiz, *sigiþō, derived from *seg- (“saw”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).\nImmediate Germanic cognates include Middle Low German sēgede, Dutch zicht, Icelandic sigð (all “sickle”). More distantly related with Dutch zeis, German Sense (both “scythe”). Also akin to English saw, which see.\nThe silent c crept in during the early 15th century owing to folk-etymological association with Medieval Latin scissor (“tailor, carver”), from Latin scindō (“to cut, rend, split”).\nThe verb, which was first used in the intransitive sense, is from the noun.", + "sentence": "Early next morning the gudewife took a scythe on her shoulder, and went out in the fields with the hay-mowers to mow.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scythe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1886, Peter Christen Asbjø￵rnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 41:" + }, + "secant": { + "definition": "A straight line that intersects a curve at two or more points.", + "origin": "From Latin secāns, present participle of secō (“to cut”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/secant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "secession": { + "definition": "The act of seceding.", + "origin": "From Latin sēcessiō (“a withdrawing”).", + "sentence": "That year, secession was enacted on account of unreasonable policies.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/secession", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sedentary": { + "definition": "Not moving; relatively still; staying in the vicinity.", + "origin": "From Middle French sédentaire, from Latin sedentārius (“sitting”), from sedeō (“to sit, to be seated”).", + "sentence": "The oyster is a sedentary mollusk; the barnacles are sedentary crustaceans.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sedentary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sedge": { + "definition": "Any plant of the family Cyperaceae.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sek-der.\nProto-Germanic *sagjaz\nProto-West Germanic *sagi\nOld English seċġ\nMiddle English segge\nEnglish sedge\nFrom Middle English segge, from Old English seċġ, from Proto-West Germanic *sagi, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sak- (“marsh plant”).\nCognate with Dutch zegge and German Segge, dialectal German Saher (“reeds”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sedge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "seethe": { + "definition": "Of a liquid or other substance, or a container holding it: to be boiled (vigorously); to become boiling hot.", + "origin": "The verb is derived from Middle English sethen, seeth (“to boil, seethe; to cook; etc.”) [and other forms], from Old English sēoþan (“to boil, seethe; to cook; etc.”), from Proto-West Germanic *seuþan, from Proto-Germanic *seuþaną (“to boil, seethe”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sewt-, *h₂sew-, *h₂sut- (“to move about, roil, seethe”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.\nCognates\n* Danish syde (“to seethe, boil”)\n* Dutch zieden (“to boil, seethe”)\n* German sieden (“to boil, seethe”)\n* Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (sauþs, “burnt offering, sacrifice”)\n* Icelandic sjóða (“to boil, seethe”)\n* Low German seden (“to seethe”)\n* Norwegian Bokmål syde (“to boil, seethe”)\n* Norwegian Nynorsk sjoda, syda (“to boil, seethe”)\n* Scots seth, seith (“to seethe”)\n* Swedish sjuda (“to boil, seethe”)\n* West Frisian siede (“to boil”)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seethe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "seneschal": { + "definition": "A steward, particularly (historical) one in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate.", + "origin": "From Middle English seneschal (recorded in English since 1393), from Old French seneschal, from Medieval Latin siniscalcus, from Frankish *siniskalk, from Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz, from Proto-Germanic *siniz (“senior”) + *skalkaz (“servant”); latter term as in marshal. As an officer of the French crown, via French sénéchal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seneschal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sensei": { + "definition": "A martial arts instructor; especially one for a Japanese martial art.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 先生(せんせい) (sensei, “teacher; elder”), from Middle Chinese 先生 (MC sen sraeng, “master, elder”), from 先 (MC sen, “earlier, first”) + 生 (MC sraeng, “born”). Compare modern Mandarin 先生 (xiānshēng, “Mr.”). Doublet of sinseh, from Hokkien 先生 (sin-seⁿ).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sensei", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "septennial": { + "definition": "Of or relating to a 7 year period.", + "origin": "From septennium + -al, from Latin septennis (“7-year”), q.v.", + "sentence": "There should be septennial marriages, as well as septennial parliaments!\"", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/septennial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “An Act of Parliament”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 189:" + }, + "sepulchral": { + "definition": "Relating to a grave or to death; funereal.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin sepeliō\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *-tlom\nProto-Italic *-klom\nLatin -crum\nLatin sepulcrum\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLatin sepulcralislbor.\nEnglish sepulchral\nLearned borrowing from Latin sepulcralis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sepulchral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sequential": { + "definition": "Succeeding or following in order.", + "origin": "From Latin sequentia + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sequential", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "seraphic": { + "definition": "Of or relating to a seraph or the seraphim.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin seraphicus, from Late Latin seraphīm, seraphīn, from Hebrew שָׂרָף (saráf, “seraph”). By surface analysis, seraph + -ic.", + "sentence": "Ye Hoſts that to his Courts belong, / Cherubic Quires, Seraphic Flames, / Awake the everlaſting Song.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seraphic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1739, John Wesley, “God’s Greatness”, in Hymns and Sacred Poems, 4th edition, Bristol: Felix Farley (1743), page 108" + }, + "serrated": { + "definition": "Notched or cut like a saw.", + "origin": "Past participle of serrate.", + "sentence": "That knife has a serrated blade.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/serrated", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sesame": { + "definition": "The seed of this plant.", + "origin": "From late Middle English sisamie, from Latin sīsamum, sēsamum, from Ancient Greek σήσαμον (sḗsamon), from Aramaic שושמא (šūššmā), shortening of שומשומא (šumššumā), from Akkadian 𒊭𒈦𒌑𒈬 (šamaššammū, “oil plant”), compound of 𒉌𒄑 (šaman, “oil”) and 𒌑 (šammum, “plant”). The modern pronunciation is perhaps influenced by (transliterations of) Greek σησάμη (sisámi). Doublet of sesamum.", + "sentence": "In a bowl, whisk the kecap manis, chilli sauce, and sesame oil together.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sesame", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012 May 8, Yotam Ottolenghi, Sami Tamimi, Ottolenghi: The Cookbook, Random House, →ISBN, page 79:" + }, + "settee": { + "definition": "A long seat with a back, made to accommodate several persons at once; a sofa.", + "origin": "Unclear, possibly from settle (“seat, long bench”) + -ee (diminutive suffix).", + "sentence": "I'm not sure this settee can take it.” “This settee has taken centuries of our love.”", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/settee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022 July 12, Stefani Robinson & Paul Simms, “Reunited” (9:01 from the start), in What We Do in the Shadows, season 4, episode 1:" + }, + "severance": { + "definition": "The act of severing or the state of being severed.", + "origin": "From sever + -ance, from Middle English severaunce, from Anglo-Norman, Old French sevrance, from sevrer.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/severance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "shaman": { + "definition": "A member of certain tribal societies who acts as a spiritual or religious medium between the concrete and spirit worlds; sometimes also a healer.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Schamane, from Russian шама́н (šamán), from Evenki шама̄н (şamān), сама̄н (samān), from Proto-Tungusic *samān. The Evenki word is possibly derived from the root ша- (şa-, “to know”); or else a loanword from Tocharian B ṣamāne (“monk”) or Chinese 沙門 /沙门 (shāmén, “Buddhist monk”), from Pali samaṇa from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa, “ascetic, monk, devotee”), from श्रम (śrama, “weariness, exhaustion; labor, toil; etc.”), which would make this a doublet of sramana.", + "sentence": "Shepard: What rites did you go through to become chief shaman?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shaman", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Tuchanka:" + }, + "shar-pei": { + "definition": "A dog of a distinctive breed with deep wrinkles, especially when young, a blue-black tongue, and a rough short coat.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Cantonese 沙皮 (saa¹ pei⁴, “sandpapery skin”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shar-pei", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "shazam": { + "definition": "Used to indicate that a magic trick or other illusion has been performed.", + "origin": "Apparently coined by American comic book writer Bill Parker in February 1940, from the first letters of Solomon, Hercules, Atlas, Zeus, Achilles and Mercury.", + "sentence": "But when they met the out part, shazam!", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shazam", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1966, Bruce Brown, director, The Endless Summer:" + }, + "shebang": { + "definition": "A lean-to or temporary shelter.", + "origin": "Unknown. First attested in 1854 in Pennsylvania as \"chebang\" in the sense of an Oddfellows lodge. Attested from the early 1860s with the meaning \"inn\" and (slightly later) “temporary shelter”. The earliest attestions (1854-1859) are spelled \"chebang\" and abstractly seem to indicate an \"affair,\" \"matter of concern,\" or \"happening,\" in keeping with the modern sense, and seem to be from Midwestern sources; the specific sense of a structure, often pejorative and usually spelled \"shebang,\" seems to originate in the American West just before the Civil War and was widely diffused by troops during the conflict; the sense of a \"vehicle” is from 1871–2. The first two senses seem to have been conflated extensively, though they may have different origins. A note by Massachusetts journalist Samuel Bowles dated June 5th, 1865 refers to the term as \"vernacular of the [Rocky] Mountains\" (Colorado), and defines shebang as \"any kind of an establishment, store, house, shop, shanty.\" This sense appears in California as early as 1860, \"the old shebang of a theatre.\" This apparently Western sense is almost certainly from shebeen, sheban (“cabin where unlicensed liquor is sold and drunk (chiefly in Ireland and Scotland)”), from Irish síbín (“illicit whiskey”), diminutive of síob (“a drift”). One of the earliest known quotations, from June 1862 in the Washington Territory, specifically denotes an inn being used as a front for illegal liquor sales. Irish actor and novelist Tyrone Power used \"sheban\" in the sense of an inn in his 1830 novel The Lost Heir.\nIn the sense of “temporary shelter”, it was perhaps spread by US Civil War Confederate enlistees from Louisiana, from French chabane (“hut, cabin”), a dialectal form of French cabane (“a covered hut, lodge, cabin”) (see cabin, cabana), or at least influenced by this term. (However, it was not, as sometimes claimed, common among prisoners at Andersonville; the US National Park Service says it \"is virtually absent from most prisoner diaries and contemporary memoirs\" and testimony.) The vehicle sense is perhaps from the unrelated French char-à-banc (“bus-like wagon with many seats”). The sense of “matter of concern” could be from either, or sound-symbolic/onomatopoeic.", + "sentence": "Their shebang enclosures of bushes.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shebang", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1862 December, Walt Whitman, Journal:" + }, + "sheldrake": { + "definition": "An Old World duck of the genus Tadorna (shelducks).", + "origin": "From Middle English sheld- (“parti-colored”) (akin to Middle Dutch shillede) + drake (“male duck”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sheldrake", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "shenanigans": { + "definition": "Mischievous play, especially by children.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish shenanigan\nMiddle English -es\nEnglish -s\nEnglish shenanigans\nFrom shenanigan + -s.", + "sentence": "They’re up to their usual shenanigans.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shenanigans", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Shetland": { + "definition": "A historical county of Scotland.", + "origin": "From Scots Shetland, Middle Scots Ȝetland, from Old Norse Hjaltland, by surface analysis, hjalt (“hilt”) + land (“land”). Andrew Jennings suggests the name derives from the tribal name Calēdonēs (as in Caledonia), considering the geographer Ptolemy already called the sea north of Scotland ὠκεανός Δουηκαλεδονίος (ōkeanós Douēkaledoníos); if this is correct, the borrowing into Germanic would need to have occurred at such an early date that it took part in the Germanic sound-shift, changing *kalid- to *halit-, after which it underwent folk etymological reshaping to Old Norse hjalt (“hilt”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Shetland", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "shirk": { + "definition": "To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty, as by running away.", + "origin": "First use appears c. 1633, in the publications of Shackerley Marmion, apparently from association with shark (verb), or otherwise directly from German Schurke (“rogue, knave”).", + "sentence": "If you have a job, don't shirk from it by staying off work.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shirk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "shoji": { + "definition": "A door or partition consisting of a wooden frame covered in rice paper, used in traditional Japanese architecture.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 障子 (shōji).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shoji", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sieve": { + "definition": "A device with a mesh, grate, or otherwise perforated bottom to separate, in a granular material, larger particles from smaller ones, or to separate solid objects from a liquid.", + "origin": "From Middle English sive, syfe, from Old English sife, from Proto-West Germanic *sibi (“sieve”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyp-, *seyb- (“to pour, sieve, strain, run, drip”). Akin to German Sieb, Dutch zeef, Proto-Slavic *sito (Russian си́то (síto), сев (sev), се́ять (séjatʹ)).", + "sentence": "Use the sieve to get the pasta from the water.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sieve", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "simpatico": { + "definition": "Having a compatible temperament or pleasing qualities.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian simpatico or Spanish simpático (“nice, likeable”), ultimately from Ancient Greek σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰ (sŭmpắtheiă, “sympathy”, literally “suffering together”).", + "sentence": "Madonna absorbed the local sounds with more of a mature, simpatico rather than asset-stripping eye.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/simpatico", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019 June 8, Kitty Empire, “Madonna: Madame X review – a splendidly bizarre return to form”, in The Guardian:" + }, + "simultaneity": { + "definition": "The quality or state of being simultaneous; simultaneousness.", + "origin": "From simultane(ous) + -ity. By surface analysis, simult(aneous) + -aneity. Compare French simultanéité.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/simultaneity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "singultus": { + "definition": "The hiccups; diaphragmatic myoclonus.", + "origin": "From early 15th century. Learned borrowing from Latin singultus, of unknown origin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/singultus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sirenian": { + "definition": "A marine mammal of the order Sirenia, including the manatee and dugong, characterized by large forelimbs with no hind limbs.", + "origin": "From the scientific name, translingual Sirenia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sirenian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Sirius": { + "definition": "A telescopic binary star, visually the brightest star in the night sky, a part of the northern constellation of Canis Major (the Greater Dog), one of three stars in the Winter Triangle asterism. Long understood as a single extremely luminous white star, it was associated in ancient Egypt with the Nile flood and in Greek and Roman culture with the \"dog days\" of summer.", + "origin": "From Latin Sīrius, from Ancient Greek Σείριος (Seírios), usually taken from σείριος (seírios, “scorching; scorcher”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sirius", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "slalom": { + "definition": "The sport of skiing in a zigzag course through gates.", + "origin": "From Norwegian sla (“steep, hill side”) and låm (“trail”).", + "sentence": "Slalom is her strongest Olympic sport.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/slalom", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "slumgullion": { + "definition": "A beverage made watery, such as weak coffee or tea.", + "origin": "Uncertain, but said to derive from slime and Scots gullion (“swamp; cesspool”). Attested from the late nineteenth century in reference to a watery beverage (see quotation below). Compare Irish góilín (“a creek; a small inlet”).", + "sentence": "Then he poured for us a beverage which he called “Slumgullion,” and it is hard to think he was not inspired when he named it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/slumgullion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1872, Mark Twain, Roughing It, pages 43-44:" + }, + "statusy": { + "definition": "Suggesting status (social rank).", + "origin": "From status + -y.", + "sentence": "A luggage company sees cheap knockoffs of its products all over town, complete with the distinctive, statusy logo it took years to develop.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/statusy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1981, Forbes:" + }, + "stegosaur": { + "definition": "Any extinct herbivorous dinosaur, of the suborder Stegosauria, having two rows of bony plates along the back.", + "origin": "From Stegosaurus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stegosaur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "steinkirk": { + "definition": "A kind of neckcloth originating in France, worn in a loose and disorderly fashion.", + "origin": "So called from the Battle of Steinkirk in 1692, when the French nobles apparently had no time to arrange their lace neckcloth.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/steinkirk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "steppe": { + "definition": "A vast, cold, dry, grassy plain.", + "origin": "From German Steppe or French steppe, in turn from Russian степь (stepʹ, “flat grassy plain”) or Ukrainian степ (step). There is no generally accepted earlier etymology, but there is a speculative Old East Slavic reconstruction *сътепь (sŭtepĭ, “trampled place, flat, bare”), related to топот (topot), топтать (toptatĭ).", + "sentence": "Grasslands: The Steppe biome is a dry, cold, grassland that is found in all of the continents except Australia and Antarctica.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/steppe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000, Mary Elizabeth v. N., “Steppe”, in Blue Planet Biomes, West Tisbury Elementary School:" + }, + "stipulate": { + "definition": "To mutually agree.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *steyp-der.\nProto-Italic *stips\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-elā\nProto-Italic *stipelā\nLatin stipula?\n▲\nProto-Italic *stipelā\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nProto-Italic *stipelāō?\nLatin stipulātusbor.\nEnglish stipulate\nFrom Latin stipulātus, perfect active participle of stipulor (“to demand a formal promise, stipulate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "We will stipulate to our receipt of all pertinent discovery documents.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stipulate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "stratification": { + "definition": "The process leading to the formation or deposition of layers, especially of sedimentary rocks.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish stratum\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -ficātiō\nOld French -ificationbor.\nMiddle English -ificacioun\nEnglish -ification\nEnglish stratification\nFrom stratum + -ification.", + "sentence": "He has misunderstood the English excavators in regard to the stratification of Knossos.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stratification", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1907, Ronald M. Burrows, The Discoveries In Crete, page 80:" + }, + "stratocracy": { + "definition": "A military government.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek στρατός (stratós, “army”) + -cracy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stratocracy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "stratosphere": { + "definition": "The region of the uppermost atmosphere where the temperature increases along with the altitude due to the absorption of solar ultraviolet radiation by ozone.", + "origin": "From French stratosphère, a word coined by its discoverer, meteorologist Léon Teisserenc de Bort. From strato- + -sphere.", + "sentence": "Variation in height of the stratosphere (isothermal layer).", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stratosphere", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1909, Scientific Abstracts, A., volume 12, page 208 (heading)" + }, + "striation": { + "definition": "One of a number of parallel grooves and ridges in a rock or rocky deposit, formed by repeated twinning or cleaving of crystals.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish striate\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nEnglish striation\nFrom striate + -ion.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/striation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "stricture": { + "definition": "A general state of restrictiveness on behavior, action, or ideology.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Late Latin strictūra, from Latin strictus.", + "sentence": "I just couldn't take the stricture of that place a single day more.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stricture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "stridency": { + "definition": "The quality of being strident.", + "origin": "From strident + -cy.", + "sentence": "In my judgment, this is not the time to amplify disagreement with stridency.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stridency", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2024, Amy Coney Barrett, concurring in part and concurring in the judgement in Trump v. Anderson, March 2 2024" + }, + "smithereens": { + "definition": "Fragments or splintered pieces; numerous tiny disconnected items.", + "origin": "Uncertain. The following words, all first attested later than the headword, have been compared:\n* Irish smidiríní, smiodairíní (“smithereens”), from smiodar (“broken piece, fragment”) + -ín (suffix forming diminutive nouns) + -í (slender form of -aí (suffix forming plurals of some nouns)).\n* smither (“fragment; atom”), which would be suffixed with -een (forming diminutive nouns in Irish English).\n* Hiberno-English (Wexford) smaddereen, a variant of smattering (“small amount or number of something; shallow or superficial knowledge of a subject”).\n* Hiberno-English (Wexford) smithered, smashed", + "sentence": "The urn shattered into smithereens the moment it hit the ground.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/smithereens", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "snell": { + "definition": "Quick, smart; sharp, active, brisk or nimble; lively.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English snell (“quick, fast”) from Old English snell, snel (“lively, quick”) from Proto-West Germanic *snell, from Proto-Germanic *snellaz (“active, swift, brisk”).\nAkin to Dutch snel (“fast, quick”), German Low German snell (“quick”), German schnell (“quick, swift”), Yiddish שנעל (shnel, “quick, swift”), Italian snello (“quick, nimble”), Old French esnel, isnel (“snell”), and Occitan isnel, irnel (“snell”)), Old Norse snjallr (“skilful, excellent”) (whence Danish snild (“clever”)).", + "sentence": "That in ilk action, wise and snell / You may shaw Manly fire.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snell", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1720, Allan Ramsay, Edinburgh's Salutation to Lord Carnarvon:" + }, + "sobersides": { + "definition": "A serious and sedate person", + "origin": "From sober + sides.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sobersides", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sobriety": { + "definition": "The quality or state of being sober.", + "origin": "From Old French sobriete, from Latin sobrietas.", + "sentence": "He celebrated five years of sobriety.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sobriety", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "solon": { + "definition": "A wise legislator or lawgiver.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek Σόλων (Sólōn), the name of an influential Athenian statesman.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "somatotype": { + "definition": "A particular type of physique; originally, one of the types defined by William Herbert Sheldon: ectomorphic, endomorphic, mesomorphic.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *twoH-mn̥\nProto-Hellenic *twṓmə?\nProto-Indo-European *styeH-\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *(s)tyoH-mn̥\nProto-Hellenic *styṓmə?\nAncient Greek σῶμᾰ (sômă)der.\nEnglish somato-\nEnglish -type\nEnglish somatotype\nFrom somato- + -type.", + "sentence": "I suppose the much-loved Bill Oddie is the same somatotype.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/somatotype", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009, Jeremy Mynott, chapter 2, in Birdscapes, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton, page 46:" + }, + "somniloquy": { + "definition": "The act or habit of talking in one's sleep.", + "origin": "From somni- (“sleep”) + -loquy (“speaking, speech”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/somniloquy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "soothsayer": { + "definition": "One who attempts to predict the future, using magic, intuition or intelligence; a diviner.", + "origin": "From Middle English sothsaier, zothziggere, by surface analysis, sooth (“truth”) + sayer.", + "sentence": "In so doing, I do not wish to pose as a soothsayer or crystal gazer.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/soothsayer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1951 March, John W. Cline, “The Future of Medicine”, in Northwest Medicine, volume 50, number 3, Portland, Ore.: Northwest Medical Publishing Association, page 165:" + }, + "sophomoric": { + "definition": "Conceited and overconfident of knowledge but poorly informed and immature.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek σοφός (sophós)\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ίζω (-ízō)\nAncient Greek σοφίζω (sophízō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Hellenic *-mə\nAncient Greek -μα (-ma)\nAncient Greek σόφισμα (sóphisma)bor.\nEnglish sophum, sophom\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish sophumerder.\nEnglish sophomore\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish sophomoric\nFrom sophomore + -ic.", + "sentence": "The editors agree with that “and make that puerile, sophomoric, and jejune too,” says Beard.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sophomoric", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1972 October 12, Mopsy Strange Kennedy, “Juvenile, puerile, sophomoric, jejune, nutty‐and funny”, in The New York Times:" + }, + "soppiness": { + "definition": "The state or condition of being soppy; oversentimentality.", + "origin": "From soppy + -ness.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/soppiness", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sousaphone": { + "definition": "A valved brass instrument with the same length as a tuba, but shaped differently so that the bell is above the head, that the valves are situated directly in front of the musical instruments and a few inches above the waist, and that most of the weight rests on one shoulder.", + "origin": "Named after American composer and conductor John Philip Sousa + -phone.", + "sentence": "One version of the large tuba, popular in marching bands, is called a sousaphone in honor of bandsman John Philip Sousa.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sousaphone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990, Thomas D. Rossing, The Science of Sound, page 230:" + }, + "Spaniel": { + "definition": "Any of various small to medium-sized breeds of gun dog having a broad muzzle, long, wavy fur and long ears that hang at the side of the head, bred for flushing and retrieving game.", + "origin": "From Middle English spaynol, from Old French espaigneul (modern French épagneul), from Old Occitan espaignol, from Vulgar Latin *Hispāniolus (“Spanish”), from Hispānia (“Spain”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spaniel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "spathe": { + "definition": "A large bract that envelops or subtends a whole inflorescence, typically a spadix.", + "origin": "From Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “blade”). Doublet of epee, spatha, and spade.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spathe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "speciation": { + "definition": "The process by which new distinct species evolve.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish speciate\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nEnglish speciation\nFrom speciate + -ion.", + "sentence": "In both groups, however, we find copious and intricate speciation so that, often, species limits are narrow and ill defined.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/speciation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 3:" + }, + "spectrometer": { + "definition": "An optical instrument for measuring the absorption of light by chemical substances; typically it will plot a graph of absorption versus wavelength or frequency, and the patterns produced are used to identify the substances present, and their internal structure.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *speḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *spéḱyeti\nProto-Italic *spekjō\nLatin speciō\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Italic *-trom\nLatin -trum\nLatin spectrumbor.\nEnglish spectrum\nEnglish spectro-\nProto-Indo-European *meh₁-\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Hellenic *-tron\nAncient Greek -τρον (-tron)\nAncient Greek μέτρον (métron)lbor.\nFrench -mètrebor.\nEnglish -meter\nEnglish spectrometer\nFrom spectro- + -meter.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spectrometer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "spinosity": { + "definition": "The state of having a spine", + "origin": "From spinose + -ity.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spinosity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "spiracle": { + "definition": "A pore or opening used (especially by arthropods and some fish) for respiration.", + "origin": "From Latin spiraculum, from spirare (“to breathe”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spiracle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "spirulina": { + "definition": "A food supplement prepared from blue-green algae of the genus Arthrospira found in soda lakes.", + "origin": "From the genus name Spirulina.", + "sentence": "Another interesting factor in Spirulina is its effect upon appetite.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spirulina", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1980, Christopher B. Hills, The Secrets of Spirulina: Medical Discoveries of Japanese Doctors, Nicholson:" + }, + "splenetic": { + "definition": "Bad-tempered, irritable, peevish, spiteful, habitually angry.", + "origin": "The adjective form of spleen, borrowed from Late Latin spleneticus, from Latin splen. Anger was traditionally believed to originate from the fluids of the spleen.", + "sentence": "In fact, Gwendolen, not intending it, but intending the contrary, had offended her hostess, who, though not a splenetic or vindictive woman, had her susceptibilities.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/splenetic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1876, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], Daniel Deronda, volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:" + }, + "spontaneity": { + "definition": "The quality of being spontaneous.", + "origin": "From Latin spontaneus (“voluntary”). By surface analysis, spont(aneous) + -aneity. Compare French spontanéité.", + "sentence": "In any case, they are not very big on spontaneity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spontaneity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, page 400:" + }, + "sprightliness": { + "definition": "The property of being sprightly.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish sprightly\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish sprightliness\nFrom sprightly + -ness.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sprightliness", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sprue": { + "definition": "A tropical disease causing a sore throat and tongue, and disturbed digestion; psilosis.", + "origin": "From Dutch spruw, sprouw. First described by William Hillary.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sprue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "spurious": { + "definition": "False, not authentic, not genuine.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Late Latin spurius (“illegitimate, bastardly”), possibly related to sperno or from Etruscan.", + "sentence": "His argument was spurious and had no validity.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spurious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "stagflation": { + "definition": "Prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth, often with recession and high unemployment.", + "origin": "Blend of stagnation + inflation, generally thought to have been coined by the British politician Iain Macleod (1913–1970) in a 17 November 1965 parliamentary speech: see the quotation.", + "sentence": "We have a sort of \"stagflation\" situation and history in modern terms is indeed being made.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stagflation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1965 November 17, Iain Macleod, “Economic Affairs”, in Parliamentary Debates (Hansard): House of Commons Official Report (House of Commons of the United Kingdom), volume 720, London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 Apr 2024, column 1165:" + }, + "staid": { + "definition": "Not capricious or impulsive; sedate, serious, sober.", + "origin": "From an obsolete spelling of stayed, the past participle of stay, used as an adjective.", + "sentence": "Meetings between Pakistani and American leaders are traditionally staid and predictable, although some Pakistanis are fond of recalling an apocryphal 1963 exchange between John F.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/staid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008 September 26, Omar Waraich, “How Sarah Palin Rallied Pakistan’s Feminists”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Warner Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 17 May 2017:" + }, + "stalwart": { + "definition": "Firmly or solidly built.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Scots stalwart under the influence of Walter Scott, displacing earlier stalworth, wherewith it forms a doublet. From Middle English stal-worth (“physically strong, hardy, robust; brave, courageous”), from Old English stǣlwierþe (“able to stand in good stead, serviceable”), probably from staþol (“establishment; foundation”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)) or stǣl (“place; condition, stead”) + -wierþe (“able to, capable of”) (probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to rotate, turn”)).", + "sentence": "The driver was a stalwart woman who sat at ease in the front seat and drove her car bare-headed.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stalwart", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1912 August, Willa Sibert Cather, “The Bohemian Girl”, in McClure’s Magazine, volume XXXIX, number 4, [New York, N.Y.]: McClure Publications, →OCLC, chapter I, page 422:" + }, + "stanchion": { + "definition": "A vertical pole, post, or support.", + "origin": "From Old French estanson, estanchon, (Modern French étançon), from estance (“a stay, a prop”), from Latin stāns (“standing”), present participle of stō.", + "sentence": "Lace walked with it, holding a stanchion.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stanchion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter IX, in Capricornia, New York: D. Appleton-Century, published 1943, page 149:" + }, + "statistician": { + "definition": "A person who compiles, interprets, or studies statistics.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish statistic\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānusbor.\nEnglish -ian\nEnglish statistician\nFrom statistic + -ian.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/statistician", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "statuesque": { + "definition": "Resembling or characteristic of a statue.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French statuesque. By surface analysis, statu(e) + -esque.", + "sentence": "His face was pale, melancholy, statuesque—and his large enthusiastic eyes, suggested a story and a secret—perhaps a horror.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/statuesque", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:" + }, + "Styrofoam": { + "definition": "Expanded polystyrene foam, such as is used in cups and packaging.", + "origin": "Genericized trademark of Styrofoam, from -styr- (from polystyrene) + -o- + foam.", + "sentence": "A while ago I read your column concerning the effects of hot tea on styrofoam cups.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/styrofoam", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1988 November 4, Cecil Adams, “The Straight Dope”, in Chicago Reader:" + }, + "syndicate": { + "definition": "A group of individuals or companies formed to transact some specific business, or to promote a common interest; a self-coordinating group.", + "origin": "Anglicized from French syndicat (“office of a syndic; board of syndics; trade union”) on the basis of -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, a group formed of people of this same office), equivalent to syndic (“syndic; representative; (especially) chief magistrate of Geneva”) + -at (“-ate”, forms nouns denoting rank or office), from Medieval Latin *syndicātus, from syndicus (“representative of a corporation or town; syndic”) (from Ancient Greek σύνδικος (súndikos, “advocate for a defendant”), from σύν (sún, “beside; with”) + δίκη (díkē, “judgment; justice”)) + -ātus (“-ate”). By surface analysis, syndic + -ate.\nCompare Italian sindacato (“syndicate; trade union; audit, control, supervision”), Occitan sendegat, Portuguese sindicato (“trade union”), Spanish sindicado, sindicato (“office of a syndic; syndicate; trade union”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/syndicate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "syntonize": { + "definition": "To adjust two electronic circuits or devices to operate on the same frequency.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/syntonize", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "syntrophism": { + "definition": "syntrophy", + "origin": "From syn- + -trophism.", + "sentence": "Even when biochemical and genetic information is not available, mutants with similar nutritional requirements can often be distinguished by syntrophism (mutual feeding).", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/syntrophism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1950, Methods in Medical Research - Volume 3, page 17:" + }, + "syringe": { + "definition": "A device used for injecting or drawing fluids through a membrane.", + "origin": "From Middle French syringe (“syringe”), from Latin sȳringem, accusative of sȳrinx (“reed, panpipe”), from Ancient Greek σῦριγξ (sûrinx, “pipe, syrinx”). Doublet of syrinx.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/syringe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "subliminal": { + "definition": "An audio or video recording, often consisting of ambient music or white noise with hidden affirmations, intended to produce physical or psychological changes in the listener through repetition.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *upó\nProto-Italic *supo\nLatin sub\nLatin sub-der.\nEnglish sub-\nEnglish liminal\nEnglish subliminal\nFrom sub- (“beneath, under”) + liminal (“of or pertaining to an entrance or threshold”) (from Latin līminālis, from līmen (“doorstep, threshold; doorway, entrance; beginning, commencement”); possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bend, bow; elbow”)) + *-mn̥ (suffix forming action nouns or result nouns from verbs)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns)). The noun is derived from the adjective.\nThe English word is a borrowing from German subliminal or a calque of German unterschwellig (“subliminal”, literally “beneath the threshold”).", + "sentence": "She spent all night listening to a subliminal to change her eye color.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subliminal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "subluxated": { + "definition": "Partially dislocated.", + "origin": "From sub- + luxated.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subluxated", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "submersible": { + "definition": "Able to be submerged.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish submerse\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ibilis\nOld French -ibleder.\nMiddle English -ible\nEnglish -ible\nEnglish submersible\nFrom submerse + -ible.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/submersible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "subrident": { + "definition": "Characterized by a smile; smiling.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Late Latin subrīdēns, subrīdentem (“smiling”), from Latin subrīdeō (“to smile”).", + "sentence": "The lion was presumably depicted heraldically subrident.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subrident", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1980, Philip Howard, Words Fail Me, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 1981, →ISBN, page 44:" + }, + "subsequent": { + "definition": "Following in time; coming or being after something else at any time, indefinitely.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French subséquent, from Latin subsequentis, form of subsequēns, present participle of\nsubsequor (“to follow, to succeed”).", + "sentence": "Growth was dampened by a softening of the global economy in 2001, but picked up in the subsequent years due to strong growth in China.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subsequent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "subsistence": { + "definition": "Something (food, water, money, etc.) that is required to stay alive.", + "origin": "From Middle English subsistence; partly from Middle French subsistence (modern French subsistance) and partly from its etymon Late Latin subsistentia (“substance, reality, in Medieval Latin also stability”), from Latin subsistēns, present participle of subsistere (“to continue, subsist”). Perhaps also partly from subsist + -ence.", + "sentence": "In the general course of human nature, a power over a man's subsistence amounts to a power over his will.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subsistence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1788, Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist, Dawson, Federalist 79, page 548:" + }, + "subterranean": { + "definition": "Below ground, under the earth, underground.", + "origin": "From Latin subterrāneus + -an. Compare subterrane and subterraneous.", + "sentence": "Again the bearers took up the coffin, and cold and damp the subterranean air came from the opened vault.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subterranean", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XIX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 162:" + }, + "subtlety": { + "definition": "The quality of being able to achieve one's aims through clever, delicate or indirect methods. (of people)", + "origin": "From Middle English sotilte, from Old French sutilté, inherited from Latin subtīlitās, from subtīlis (“subtle”). Equivalent to subtle + -ty. Doublet of subtility.", + "sentence": "With all his usual subtlety, he quietly fixed the problem before anyone else noticed it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subtlety", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "subversive": { + "definition": "Intending to subvert, overturn, undermine or debase.", + "origin": "See subvert and -ive.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subversive", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "succumb": { + "definition": "To overwhelm or bring down.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *upó\nProto-Italic *supo\nLatin sub\nLatin sub-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewb-der.\nProto-Italic *kumbō\nLatin *cumbō\nLatin succumbere\nOld French succomberbor.\nEnglish succumb\nFrom Old French succomber, from Latin succumbō.", + "sentence": "He has not allowed the burn and his subsequent injury to succumb him, but to make him forever different but also, I think, forever better.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/succumb", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012, Scott M. Garrett, Forever Different, →ISBN:" + }, + "succussion": { + "definition": "A shaking of the body to ascertain whether there is liquid in the thorax.", + "origin": "From Latin succussio, from succutere.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/succussion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "suet": { + "definition": "The fatty tissue that surrounds and protects the kidneys; that of sheep and cattle is used in cooking and in making tallow.", + "origin": "From Middle English suet, sewet, borrowed from Anglo-Norman suet, siuet, from Old French seu, from Latin sebum.", + "sentence": "Many seed-eating birds also need animal fat and protein which they obtain from insects, animal carcasses, and suet.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1996, Laura Erickson, Sharing the Wonder of Birds with Kids:" + }, + "suffrage": { + "definition": "The right or chance to vote, express an opinion, or participate in a decision, especially in a democratic election.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *upó\nProto-Italic *supo\nLatin sub\nLatin sub-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreg-der.?\nLatin suffrāgō\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nClassical Latin suffrāgiumbor.\nOld French suffrage\nMiddle French suffragebor.\n▲\nClassical Latin suffrāgiumlbor.\nMiddle English suffrage\nEnglish suffrage\nFrom Middle English suffrage (“prayers or pleas on behalf of another”), from Middle French suffrage (from Old French suffrage) and its etymon Classical Latin suffrāgium (“support, vote, right of voting”). Not related to suffer.\nThe sense of \"vote\" or \"right to vote\" was directly derived from Classical Latin.", + "sentence": "The issues to be presented to the people of the state were black suffrage and woman suffrage.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suffrage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999, Ellen Carol DuBois, Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women's Movement in America, 1848-1869, Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 79:" + }, + "Sumatran": { + "definition": "From, or pertaining to, the island of Sumatra", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Sumatra\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish Sumatran\nFrom Sumatra + -an.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sumatran", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "superficiality": { + "definition": "The property of being superficial, the tendency to judge by surface appearance.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish superficial\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish superficiality\nFrom superficial + -ity.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/superficiality", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "superstitious": { + "definition": "Susceptible to superstitions.", + "origin": "From Old French superstitieux, from Latin superstitiōsus, from superstitio + -ōsus. Cognate with Dutch superstitieus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/superstitious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "supine": { + "definition": "Lying on its back.", + "origin": "The adjective is borrowed from Latin supīnus, from *sup- (see sub (“under”)) + -īnus (“of, pertaining to”). The word is cognate with Catalan supí, Italian supino, Old French sovin, Middle French souvin, Anglo-Norman supin, Old Occitan sobin, sopin, Portuguese supino, Spanish supino. Partly displaced Old English upweard (“upward, supine”), whence Modern English upward.\nThe noun is from Late Middle English supin (“supine of a Latin verb”) or Middle French supin (“(grammar) supine”), from Latin supīnum, (ellipsis of supīnum verbum (“supine verb”)), from supīnus; further etymology above.", + "sentence": "He lay supine for a moment, his eyes moving to and fro.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/supine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1957 March 7, Vladimir Nabokov, chapter 4.8, in Pnin, Heinemann, page 108:" + }, + "supplicate": { + "definition": "To make a humble request to (someone, especially a person in authority); to beg, to beseech, to entreat.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *upó\nFrom Late Middle English supplicaten (“to request (that someone do something)”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin supplicātus (“prayed”) + Middle English -en (suffix forming the infinitive of verbs). Supplicātus is the perfect passive participle of supplicō (“to pray, supplicate; to beg, humbly beseech”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more), from sup- (variant of sub- (prefix meaning ‘below, beneath, under’)) + plicō (“to bend, flex; to fold; to roll up”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold; to plait, weave”)).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/supplicate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "supremacy": { + "definition": "The quality of being supreme.", + "origin": "From supreme + -acy (a variant of -cy). Compare with supremity and New Latin suprematia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/supremacy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "surcease": { + "definition": "Cessation; stop, stopping; end. Respite, intermission.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman surseser, from Old French sursis, past participle of surseoir, from Latin supersedēre. Spelling later influenced by association with unrelated cease, which likely also influenced the meaning. Related to supersede.", + "sentence": "For the individual who wishes to live in his time, to be a part of the future, the super-industrial revolution offers no surcease from change.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surcease", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock, Bantam Books, page 217:" + }, + "surety": { + "definition": "Certainty.", + "origin": "From Middle English surete, attested since the early 1300s in the sense \"guarantee, promise, pledge, assurance\", from Anglo-Norman seurté/Old French seurté with the same meaning (whence modern French sûreté), from Latin sēcūritās. Equivalent to sure + -ty. The senses \"security, safety, stability\" and \"certainty\" are attested since the late 1300s. \"One who undertakes to pay if another does not\" is from the early 1400s. Doublet of security.", + "sentence": "Know of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surety", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 15:13:" + }, + "surmountable": { + "definition": "Able to be surmounted or overcome; defeatable.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish surmount\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ābilis\nOld French -ablebor.\nMiddle English -able\nEnglish -able\nEnglish surmountable\nFrom surmount + -able.", + "sentence": "Now that we have done the impossible we can finish it, all that remain are rather easy and surmountable obstacles.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surmountable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "surrealist": { + "definition": "Of, or relating to the modernist art movement surrealism; (by extension) having a similar surreal aesthetic or narrative.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-\nOld French sur-\nFrench sur-\nProto-Indo-European *(H)reh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *(H)reh₁ís\nProto-Italic *reis\nClassical Latin rēs\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālis\nLate Latin reālisder.\nOld French reel\nMiddle French real\nFrench réel\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ῐσμός (-ĭsmós)bor.\nLatin -ismusbor.\nFrench -isme\nFrench réalisme\nFrench surréalismebor.\nEnglish surrealismbf.\nEnglish surreal\n▲\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nEnglish surrealist\nFrom surreal + -ist.", + "sentence": "The sharply written script, buoyed by its surrealist bent, facilitates the plot well enough that the impracticalities aren’t too distracting.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surrealist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 January 18, Shamira Ibrahim, “The Film That Accurately Captures Teen Grief”, in The Atlantic:" + }, + "suture": { + "definition": "A seam formed by sewing two edges together, especially to join pieces of skin in surgically treating a wound.", + "origin": "From Middle English suture, from Latin sūtūra (“suture”), from suere (“sew, join or tack together”) + -tūra (forms action nouns).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sycophant": { + "definition": "One who uses obsequious compliments to gain self-serving favour or advantage from another; a servile flatterer.", + "origin": "First attested in 1537. From Latin sȳcophanta (“informer, trickster”), from Ancient Greek συκοφάντης (sukophántēs), itself from σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “to show, demonstrate”). The gesture of \"showing the fig\" was a vulgar one, which was made by sticking the thumb between two fingers, a display which vaguely resembles a fig, which is itself symbolic of a σῦκον (sûkon), which also meant vulva. The story behind this etymology is that politicians in ancient Greece steered clear of displaying that vulgar gesture, but secretly urged their followers to taunt their opponents by using it.\nCognate with Italian sicofante, Spanish sicofanta.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sycophant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "syllabus": { + "definition": "A summary of topics which will be covered during an academic course, or a text or lecture.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin syllabus (“list”), which arose from accusative plural syllabōs appearing as a corruption of sittybās (accusative plural of sittyba, from Ancient Greek σιττύβα (sittúba, “parchment label; table of contents”)) in a 1470s edition of Cicero's “Ad Atticum” IV.5 and 8, influenced by the stem of Ancient Greek συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “to put together”).", + "sentence": "In the first half of the year, teachers attended the training workshop for the new K-10 Chinese syllabus.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/syllabus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019 November 23, A Falun Dafa practitioner in Australia, “Eliminating Attachments While Helping Coordinate a Minghui School”, in Minghui:" + }, + "sylph": { + "definition": "An invisible being of the air.", + "origin": "First attested in 1657. From New Latin sylphes, coined by Paracelsus in the 16th century. The coinage may derive from Latin sylvestris (“of the woods”) and nympha (“nymph”). Ultimately from the root silva (“woods, forest”). Related to sylvan.\nMore at Wikipedia.", + "sentence": "Her heart fluttered with expectation—her step was buoyant with hope, and she sprung into the carriage with the lightness of a sylph.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sylph", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1811, Mary Brunton, Self-Control:" + }, + "symmetrical": { + "definition": "Exhibiting symmetry; having harmonious or proportionate arrangement of parts; having corresponding parts or relations.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish symmetry\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish symmetrical\nFrom symmetry + -ical.", + "sentence": "The building had a perfectly symmetrical façade.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/symmetrical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "symposium": { + "definition": "A conference or other meeting for discussion of a topic, especially one in which the participants make presentations.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin symposium, from Ancient Greek συμπόσιον (sumpósion, “drinking party”) from συμπίνω (sumpínō, “drink together”), from συν- (sun-, “together-”) + πίνω (pínō, “drink”). Morphologically compare compotation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/symposium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tabernacle": { + "definition": "The portable tent used before the construction of the temple, where the shekinah (presence of God) was believed to dwell.", + "origin": "From Middle English tabernacle (14th century), from Old French tabernacle, from Latin tabernāculum (“tent, booth, shed”), the diminutive of taberna (“hut, shed”). By surface analysis, taberna + -cle.", + "sentence": "Then a cloud couered the Tent of the Congregation, and the glory of the Lord filled the Tabernacle.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tabernacle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 40:33–38, column 2:" + }, + "tableau": { + "definition": "A striking and vivid representation or scene; a picture.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French tableau, from Old French tablel (“a surface which is used primarily for painting”).", + "sentence": "She fits each one into its place: a magnificent tableau of lions, crosses, pomegranate trees.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tableau", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 December, Paul Salopek, “Blessed. Cursed. Claimed.”, in National Geographic:" + }, + "tabulate": { + "definition": "To arrange in tabular form; to arrange into a table.", + "origin": "From Late Latin tabulātus (“having a floor; floored”), perfect passive participle of tabulō (“to fit with planks”), from tabula (“board, plank”), of uncertain origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (a variant of *steh₂- (“to stand”)) + *-dʰlom (a variant of *-trom (suffix forming nouns denoting tools or instruments)). Equivalent to table + -ate (verb-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "Let it be required to Tabulate or lay down this Number 3496.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tabulate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1700, William Leybourn, “Instrumental Arithmetick. The Third Part. Teaching, by a New Artifice (not heretofore Published, to My Knowledge, in any Language.) The Manner how to Set Down any Decimal Fraction Required: … by Certain Scales Contrived, Suitable to the Coins, Weights and Measures Now Used in England. And for the Extracting of the Square and Cube Roots. Also, by Nepair’s Bones …”, in Arithmetick, Vulgar, Decimal, Instrumental, Algebraical. In Four Parts, 7th edition, London: Printed by J. Matthews, for Awnsham and John Churchill, at the Black-Swan in Pater-Noster-Row, →OCLC, section II (By Nepair’s Bones), subsection IV (How to Apply to Lay Down any Numbers by the Rods), proposition I (Any Number being Given, how to Tabulate or Lay Down the Same by Rods), page 265:" + }, + "taciturn": { + "definition": "Silent; temperamentally untalkative; disinclined to speak.", + "origin": "Back-formation from taciturnity, from Middle English taciturnite, from Latin taciturnitās; or alternatively from French taciturne, likely reinforced by Latin taciturnus, from tacitus (“secret, tacit”).", + "sentence": "The two sisters could hardly have been more different, one so boisterous and expressive, the other so taciturn and calm.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taciturn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "tai chi": { + "definition": "A soft form of martial art developed in China.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Mandarin 太極 /太极 (tàijí), Wade–Giles romanization: tʻai⁴-chi². Doublet of taegeuk.", + "sentence": "Participants perform Tai Chi at a square in Jiefang District during a worldwide Tai Chi activity on October 18, 2015, in Jiaozuo, Henan Province.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tai%20chi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016 March 31, Alan Taylor, “More of the Chinese Art of the Crowd”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 05 Apr 2016:" + }, + "talisman": { + "definition": "A magical object providing protection against ill will, or the supernatural, or conferring the wearer with a boon such as good luck, good health, or certain powers.", + "origin": "From French talisman, partly from Arabic طِلَّسْم (ṭillasm, “payment”), from Ancient Greek τέλεσμα (télesma, “payment”); and partly directly from Byzantine Greek τέλεσμα (télesma, “talisman, religious rite, completion”), from τελέω (teléō, “to perform religious rites, to complete”), from τέλος (télos, “end, fulfillment, accomplishment, consummation, completion”). Doublet of telesm.", + "sentence": "That woman’s love is a talisman by which he holds and hopes to get his safety.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/talisman", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 29, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:" + }, + "tamworth": { + "definition": "One of a long-established English breed of large pigs. They are red, often spotted with black, with a long snout and erect or forward-pointed ears, and are valued for bacon production.", + "origin": "From Tamworth, Staffordshire, England.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tamworth", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tangerine": { + "definition": "A slightly ovoid, orange-coloured citrus fruit with a rough peel and a sour-sweet taste which is larger than a clementine and sometimes classed as a variety of mandarin orange.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin Tingisder.\nArabic طَنْجَة (ṭanja)der.\nFrench Tanger\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnusder.\nOld French -inbor.\nMiddle English -in\nEnglish -ine\nEnglish tangerine\nFrom French Tanger + English -ine, after Tangier, Morocco.", + "sentence": "Vitaly's eyes are dry and red, and on his lower lip he is sporting a chancre the size of a tangerine.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tangerine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, page 97:" + }, + "tantrum": { + "definition": "An often childish display or fit of bad temper.", + "origin": "From earlier tanterum. Further etymology unknown.", + "sentence": "Baby Shawn threw a tantrum when he was told the bicycle was not his.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tantrum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "tapioca": { + "definition": "A starchy food made from the cassava plant, used in puddings.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Portuguese tapioca, from Old Tupi tapi'oka.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tapioca", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tappet": { + "definition": "A lever or projection which is moved by some other piece, as a cam, or intended to tap or touch something else, in order to produce change or regulate motion.", + "origin": "From tap + -et, possibly influenced by homophony with \"tap it.\"", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tappet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tarantula": { + "definition": "Any of the large, hairy New World spiders comprising the family Theraphosidae.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin tarantula, from Old Italian tarantola, from Taranto (“seaport in southern Italy”), from Latin Tarentum (“Latin name of the town”), from Ancient Greek Τάρᾱς (Tárās, “Greek name of the town”), genitive Τᾰ́ρᾰντος; compare Modern Greek Τάραντας (Tárantas) and Tarantino Tarde. probably from Illyrian *darandos (“oak”).\nSense 3 (“Lycosa tarantula”) is the original sense of the word, and refers to the fact that the spider was common in the Apulia region where Taranto is located. Sense 1 (“New World spider in the family Theraphosidae”), the main modern sense of the word, may have been a transferred use of Spanish tarántula (“tarantula (Lycosa tarantula)”) to describe large, hairy spiders found in the New World.", + "sentence": "The use of the word \"tarantula\" is rather wide and dubious in application.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tarantula", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1892 January, J. J. Rivers, “Description of the Nest of the Californian Turret Building Spider, with Some Reference to Allied Species”, in Townshend Stith Brandegee, editor, Zoe: A Biological Journal, volume II, number 4, San Francisco, Calif.: Zoe Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 319:" + }, + "tarlatan": { + "definition": "A thin muslin with an open weave, once used for ballgowns etc.", + "origin": "Probably from Milanese tarlantanna.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tarlatan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Tasmanian": { + "definition": "Of, from or relating to the state of Tasmania, Australia.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nDutch Tasmanbor.\nEnglish Tasman\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -iader.\nEnglish -ia\nEnglish Tasmania\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish Tasmanian\nFrom Tasmania + -an.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tasmanian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "taverna": { + "definition": "A small Greek restaurant.", + "origin": "From Greek ταβέρνα (tavérna), from Latin taberna. Doublet of taberna and tavern.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taverna", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "taxonomic": { + "definition": "Of or relating to taxonomy.", + "origin": "From taxonomy + -ic, after French taxonomique.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taxonomic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tectonic": { + "definition": "Of, relating to, or caused by large-scale movements of the Earth's (or a similar planet's) lithosphere.", + "origin": "1650s, in sense of building, from Late Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós, “pertaining to building”), from Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “carpenter, joiner, maker”), from Proto-Indo-European *teḱ- (“to make”) (from which also texture). In sense of geology, attested 1894. By surface analysis, Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn) + -ic (“pertaining to”).", + "sentence": "A boiling hot rock planet with extreme tectonic activity, Parnassus is home to many volcanic mountains.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tectonic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Parnassus:" + }, + "telepathic": { + "definition": "Of, relating to, or using telepathy.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish telepathy\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish telepathic\nFrom telepathy + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/telepathic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "telmatology": { + "definition": "The study of marshes or swamps.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek τέλμα, τέλματος (télma, télmatos, “marsh, swamp”) + -logy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/telmatology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "temblor": { + "definition": "An earthquake.", + "origin": "From Latin American Spanish temblor.", + "sentence": "PNR trips were suspended at past 1 p.m. after the temblor struck Camarines Norte, but was felt in the city of Manila at Intensity 3.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/temblor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022 December 8, Marc Jayson Cayabyab, “PNR suspends trips due to earthquake”, in The Philippine Star, archived from the original on 08 Dec 2022:" + }, + "temerity": { + "definition": "Reckless boldness; foolish bravery.", + "origin": "From Middle English temerite, temeryte, from Old French temerité, from Latin temeritās (“chance, accident, rashness”), from temere (“by chance, casually, rashly”). By surface analysis, temer(arious) + -ity.", + "sentence": "One day when he knew old Lobbs was out, Nathaniel Pipkin had the temerity to kiss his hand to Maria Lobbs.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/temerity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, chapter 17, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC:" + }, + "tempestuous": { + "definition": "Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a tempest; also, of a place: frequently experiencing tempests; (very) stormy.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English tempestious, tempestous, tempestuous (“stormy, turbulent, tempestuous”), from Anglo-Norman tempestous, and Old French tempesteus, tempestos, tempestous, tempestuose (modern French tempétueux), and directly from its etymon Latin tempestuōsus (“stormy, turbulent, tempestuous; impetuous”), from tempestās, tempestūs (“point or period of time; season; weather, specifically bad weather; storm, tempest”) (from tempus (“period of time; (rare) weather”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”) or *ten- (“to extend, stretch”)) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of; overly; prone to’ forming adjectives from nouns). The English word is equivalent to tempest + -uous (a variant of -ous (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, denoting the presence of a quality, typically in abundance)).", + "sentence": "A tempeſtuous noiſe of Thunder and Lightning heard: Enter a Ship-maſter, and a Boteſvvaine.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tempestuous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 1, column 1:" + }, + "tempura": { + "definition": "A Japanese dish made by deep-frying vegetables, seafood, or other foods in a light batter.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 天(てん)麩(ぷ)羅(ら) (tenpura), from Portuguese, ultimately from Latin. Different dictionaries link two different original terms:\n* Portuguese tempero (“seasoning”) or tempera (“he/she/it seasons; season!”), third-person present singular or imperative tense of temperar (“to season, to temper”), from Latin temperare (“to mix, to temper”).\n* Portuguese têmpora (“Ember days”), from Latin tempora, plural of tempus (“time; period”). When Portuguese explorers (mostly Jesuit missionaries) arrived in Japan, they abstained from eating beef, pork, and poultry during the Ember days, a Catholic series of holidays. Instead, they ate fried vegetables and fish. This was the first contact of the Japanese with fried food, and since then they began associating the Portuguese word têmpora (which they pronounced tenpura) with such food.", + "sentence": "At last you spot a tempura stand.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tempura", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009, Tim Thornton, The Alternative Hero, Random House, →ISBN, page 4:" + }, + "tenaciously": { + "definition": "In a tenacious manner.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish tenacious\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish tenaciously\nFrom tenacious + -ly.", + "sentence": "He continued tenaciously, doggedly continuing over all obstacles.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tenaciously", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "tenement": { + "definition": "Any form of property that is held by one person from another, rather than being owned.", + "origin": "From Middle English tenement, from Anglo-Norman tenement (“holding”), from Old French tenement, from Medieval Latin tenimentum, from Latin teneō (“hold”).", + "sentence": "The island of Brecqhou is a tenement of Sark.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tenement", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "tensile": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to tension.", + "origin": "From Latin tēnsilis, from tendō (“to stretch”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tensile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tentacled": { + "definition": "Having tentacles.", + "origin": "From tentacle + -ed.", + "sentence": "The eight-tentacled octopus swam through the water.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tentacled", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "tepidity": { + "definition": "The property of being tepid.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin tepidusbor.\nEnglish tepid\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish tepidity\nFrom tepid + -ity.", + "sentence": "Now that walking plants were established facts, the press lost its former tepidity and bathed them in publicity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tepidity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1951, John Wyndham, The Day of the Triffids, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, published 1954, page 41:" + }, + "terminus": { + "definition": "The end or final point of something.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *terh₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *ter-?\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Indo-European *térmn̥\nProto-Italic *termn̥\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *term(e)nos\nLatin terminuslbor.\nEnglish terminus\nLearned borrowing from Latin terminus (“boundary, limit”). Doublet of term, Terminus, and termon.", + "sentence": "The river reached its terminus at the wide delta near the sea.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terminus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "terrarium": { + "definition": "An enclosure wherein small animals are displayed, usually with some plants, in a naturalistic setting.", + "origin": "From Latin terra (“earth”) + -arium, by analogy with aquarium.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terrarium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tetanus": { + "definition": "A serious and often fatal disease caused by the infection of an open wound with the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani, found in soil and the intestines and faeces of animals.", + "origin": "From Latin tetanus, from Ancient Greek τέτανος (tétanos), from τείνω (teínō, “to stretch”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tetanus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Thailand": { + "definition": "A barangay of Banisilan, Cotabato, Philippines.", + "origin": "From Thai + -land, from Thai ไทย (tai), from ไท (tai, “Tai, or 'free' via folk etymology”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Thailand", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "theomachy": { + "definition": "A fight against the gods, as the mythological battle of the giants against the gods.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek θεομαχία (theomakhía, “battle of the gods”), from θεός (theós, “god”) + μάχη (mákhē, “battle”). Equivalent to theo- + -machy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/theomachy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "theorem": { + "definition": "A mathematical statement that is expected to be true.", + "origin": "From Middle French théorème, from Late Latin theōrēma, from Ancient Greek θεώρημα (theṓrēma, “speculation, proposition to be proved”) (Euclid), from θεωρέω (theōréō, “to look at, view, consider, examine”), from θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”), from θέα (théa, “a view”) + ὁράω (horáō, “to see, look”). See also theory, and theater.", + "sentence": "Fermat's Last Theorem was known thus long before it was proved in the 1990s.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/theorem", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "theosophy": { + "definition": "Any doctrine of religious philosophy and mysticism claiming that knowledge of God can be attained through mystical insight and spiritual ecstasy, and that direct communication with the transcendent world is possible.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin theosophia, from Ancient Greek θεοσοφῐ́ᾱ (theosophĭ́ā, “knowledge of things divine”, from θεός (theós, “god”) + σοφῐ́ᾱ (sophĭ́ā, “wisdom”)); By surface analysis, theo- + -sophy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/theosophy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "thoracic": { + "definition": "Of the thorax.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek θωρακικός (thōrakikós, “suffering in the chest, of the thorax”), from θώραξ (thṓrax, “thorax”).", + "sentence": "Those wings were powered by massive thoracic muscles—muscles no longer needed by a flightless queen.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thoracic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press,, →ISBN, page 106:" + }, + "trepanation": { + "definition": "The practice of drilling a hole in the skull as a physical, mental, or spiritual treatment.", + "origin": "From New Latin trepanatio, formed from French trépan (“a drill”), itself from Latin trepanum, ultimately from Ancient Greek τρύπανον (trúpanon, “an auger, a drill”).", + "sentence": "According to the doctors, Lula, 79, underwent a trepanation: having a 3cm hole made in the skull to insert a drain to remove the bleeding.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trepanation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2024 December 10, Tom Phillips, Tiago Rogero, “Brazilian president in intensive care after emergency brain surgery”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:" + }, + "thoroughbred": { + "definition": "Bred from pure stock.", + "origin": "From thorough + bred.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thoroughbred", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "trepidation": { + "definition": "Anxiety over the uncertain future or possible ill-occurrence.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin trepidātiō, from trepidō (“be agitated”).", + "sentence": "I decided, with considerable trepidation, to let him drive my car without me.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trepidation", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "thrasonical": { + "definition": "Boastful, bragging, vainglorious.", + "origin": "From Latin Thrasō, Thrason-, the name of a boastful soldier in the play Eunuchus by Terence. The name is derived from Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “bold, audacious”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thrasonical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "triage": { + "definition": "Assessment or sorting according to quality, need, etc., especially to determine how resources will be allocated.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nFrench trier\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icus\nLatin -āticus\nLatin -āticum\nOld French -age\nMiddle French -age\nFrench -age\nFrench triagebor.\nEnglish triage\nBorrowed from French triage, from trier (“to sort”).", + "sentence": "Let us think of triage, and remember the word's origins.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/triage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, Paul M. Levitt, Dark Matters: a Novel, →ISBN, page 40:" + }, + "tributary": { + "definition": "A vein which drains into another vein.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *tréyes\nFrom Middle English tributarie (“paying tribute”), from Latin tribūtārius, from tribūtum (“tribute”).", + "sentence": "The great saphenous vein is a tributary of the femoral vein.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tributary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "trice": { + "definition": "To drag or haul, especially with a rope; specifically (nautical) to haul or hoist and tie up by means of a rope.", + "origin": "From Middle English trīcen, trice, trise (“to pull or push; to snatch away; to steal”), from Middle Dutch trīsen (“to hoist”) (modern Dutch trijsen) or Middle Low German trissen (“to trice the spritsail”); further etymology uncertain. The word is cognate with Danish trisse, tridse (“to haul with a pulley”), Low German trissen, tryssen, drisen, drysen (“to wind up, trice”), German trissen, triezen (“to annoy or torment”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trice", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tibia": { + "definition": "A musical instrument of the flute kind, originally made of the leg bone of an animal.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin tībia (“shin bone, leg”).", + "sentence": "The zampogna is thought to be the bag-provided descendant of the ancient mouth-blown divergent pipes of the Romans, known as the tibia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tibia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1975, Francis M. Collinson, The bagpipe: the history of a musical instrument, page 188:" + }, + "tiffany": { + "definition": "A kind of gauze, or very thin silk.", + "origin": "From an Anglo-Norman common name for the festival of the Epiphany. See Tiffany.", + "sentence": "Reduce all to a very fine Powder, searsing the same through a Tiffany Searse, as you should the former.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tiffany", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1721, Robert Samber, chapter 1, in A Treatise of the Plague, London: James Holland et al., page 8:" + }, + "tiffin": { + "definition": "A (light) midday meal or snack; luncheon.", + "origin": "Apparently from English tiffing, present participle of tiff (“to take a small drink, to sip”) (slang).", + "sentence": "He took his tiffin from home and ate the food two hours later in school.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tiffin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "triforium": { + "definition": "The gallery of arches above the side-aisle vaulting in the nave of a church.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin triforium, from tria (“three”) + for (“opening”) + -ium.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/triforium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Tinseltown": { + "definition": "A Christmas-themed district of a city, or a Christmas village.", + "origin": "From tinsel + town.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tinseltown", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "titian": { + "definition": "Of a bright auburn colour, tinted with gold, especially in reference to hair.", + "origin": "Named after Titian (Italian Tiziano), the Italian painter who made frequent use of this colour.", + "sentence": "It was young, smooth-skinned, heart-shaped, surrounded by an aura of vivid titian hair that coiled luxuriantly.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/titian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1965, Attila Zohar, Kings Cross Black Magic, Sydney: Horwitz Publications, page 80:" + }, + "titration": { + "definition": "The determination of the concentration of some substance in a solution by slowly adding measured amounts of some other substance (normally using a burette) until a reaction is shown to be complete, for instance by the colour change of an indicator.", + "origin": "From titrate + -ion, see titrate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/titration", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tomfoolery": { + "definition": "Foolish behaviour or speech.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAramaic תאמא\nAramaic תאומאbor.\nAncient Greek Θωμᾶς (Thōmâs)bor.\nLatin Thōmāsbor.\nMiddle English Thomas\nMiddle English Thomme\nEnglish Tom\nEnglish foolery\nEnglish tomfoolery\nFrom Tom (“a common man”) + foolery.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tomfoolery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "triste": { + "definition": "Sad; sorrowful; gloomy.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English trist, triste (-e form is less common), borrowed from Old French trist, triste, from Latin trīstis (“sad, sorrowful”). Re-borrowed late 18c. (as “dull, uninteresting”) as a French word in English and often spelled triste.", + "sentence": "But we could see that mamma and he were very, very triste.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/triste", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1877, R. Elton Smilie, chapter XXIX, in The Manatitlans; or A Record of Scientific Explorations in the Andean La Plata, S. A., Buenos Ayres: Calla Derécho, Imprenta De Razon, pages 399–400:" + }, + "tommyrot": { + "definition": "Nonsense, rot.", + "origin": "Compound of tommy + rot, (tommy being a dialectical word for fool).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tommyrot", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "trituration": { + "definition": "The act of triturating; grinding to a fine powder.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trituration", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tomography": { + "definition": "Imaging by (virtual) sections or sectioning.", + "origin": "From tomo- + -graphy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tomography", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "trophic": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to nutrition.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek τροφικός (trophikós, “pertaining to food or nourishment”), from τροφή (trophḗ, “food”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trophic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tongue": { + "definition": "A language.", + "origin": "From Middle English tongue, a late spelling of tong(e), tung(e), from Old English tunge, from Proto-West Germanic *tungā (“tongue”), from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ (“tongue”), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Doublet of langue and lingua.\nCognates\nGermanic: West Frisian tonge, Dutch tong, Luxembourgish Zong, German Zunge, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk tunge, Faroese, Icelandic, and Swedish tunga, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō).\n Italic: Asturian and Catalan llengua, Aragonese luenga, French langue, Galician, Italian, and Latin lingua, Leonese llingua, Mirandese lhéngua, Portuguese língua, Spanish lengua.\n Celtic: Irish teanga.\n Slavic: Belarusian and Russian язык (jazyk), Bulgarian ези́к (ezík), Czech and Slovak jazyk, Macedonian јазик (jazik), Polish język, Serbo-Croatian jèzik (“tongue”), Slovene jézik, Ukrainian язи́к (jazýk).\n Indo-Iranic: Persian زبان (zabân), Sanskrit जि॒ह्वा (jihvā́).\nThe expected modern spelling, both phonetically and etymologically, would be tung. Using ⟨on⟩ for ⟨un⟩ was fairly common in Middle English; compare e.g. yong (“young”). The final ⟨gue⟩ arose to prevent tonge being misread with a soft /dʒ/. However, this spelling only became common at a time when the final ⟨e⟩ was already largely silent, so it is not clear why it was not simply dropped instead. Perhaps the spelling was influenced directly by French langue (“tongue”).", + "sentence": "He was speaking in his native tongue.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tongue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Truckee": { + "definition": "A town in Nevada County, California, United States.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Truckee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "truncheon": { + "definition": "A baton, or military staff of command, now especially the stick carried by a police officer.", + "origin": "From Middle English tronchoun, from Old French tronchon (“thick stick”), from Late Latin *troncionem, from Latin truncus.", + "sentence": "Use a truncheon, use a whaddyacall.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/truncheon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, Martin McDonagh, “Act One, Scene One”, in The Pillowman, →ISBN, page 24:" + }, + "topgallant": { + "definition": "Situated above the topmast and below the royal mast.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topgallant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "topiary": { + "definition": "Of, or relating to art of topiaries.", + "origin": "From Latin topiarius (“of or relating to ornamental gardening; an ornamental garden, an ornamental gardener”), from Latin topia (“ornamental gardening, landscape painting”), from Ancient Greek τόπια (tópia, “artistic representation in which natural or artificial features of a place are used as the medium”), plural of Ancient Greek τόπιον (tópion, “field, landscape”), from τόπος (tópos, “place”). The adjective use dates to 1592, the noun use dates to 1908.", + "sentence": "As the topiary art has been allowed to practically die out, it is difficult to secure the services of skilled clippers.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topiary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1910, American homes and gardens: Volume 7:" + }, + "tubular": { + "definition": "Shaped like a tube.", + "origin": "From Latin tubulus + -ar. By surface analysis, tubule + -ar. The sense meaning \"cool\" or \"awesome\" is believed to be a figurative extension originating in surfing lingo, from the way that an excellent wave encloses a surfer within tubular walls of water.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tubular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "toploftical": { + "definition": "Haughty, hoity-toity, superior.", + "origin": "From top + loft + -ical.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toploftical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tumpline": { + "definition": "A strap used to carry objects tied to its ends by placing the broadened or cushioned middle of the strap over the head just above the forehead.", + "origin": "From tump + line, \"tump\" is an apheresis of mattump, metump, possibly from a Penobscot descendant of Proto-Algonquian *wetempi (“head”).", + "sentence": "The speaker slipped his arms into his pack-harness and adjusted the tumpline to his forehead preparatory to rising.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tumpline", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1918, Rex Ellingwood Beach, chapter 2, in The Winds of Chance:" + }, + "toponymic": { + "definition": "Named after a geographical place.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish toponym\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish toponymic\nFrom toponym + -ic.", + "sentence": "The endonym is the basic toponymic exemplar and as such it needs to be understood properly.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toponymic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009 May 14, Paul Woodman, “The Nature of the Endonym”, in UN, page 2:" + }, + "tungsten": { + "definition": "A rare metallic chemical element (symbol W, from Latin wolframium) with an atomic number of 74.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ten-\nProto-Indo-European *téngʰ-u-s ~ *tn̥gʰ-éw-s\nProto-Germanic *þunguz\nOld Norse þungrder.\nSwedish tung\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *steyh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-nos\nProto-Indo-European *stóyh₂nos\nProto-Germanic *stainaz\nProto-Norse ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (stainaʀ)\nOld Norse steinn\nOld Swedish sten\nSwedish sten\nSwedish tungstenbor.\nEnglish tungsten\nBorrowed from Swedish tungsten (“scheelite”), from tung (“heavy”) + sten (“stone”).", + "sentence": "He then explained that tungsten has the highest melting point, and the highest boiling point, of all known elements.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tungsten", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "torsion": { + "definition": "The act of turning or twisting, or the state of being twisted; the twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of a lateral force tending to turn one end or part of it about a longitudinal axis, while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction.", + "origin": "From Middle English torcion, from Middle French torsion, from Late Latin torsiōnem, from Latin tortiō, from torqueō (“twist, turn”). See torture, -tort.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/torsion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "turbinado": { + "definition": "A type of sugar made from the extract of sugar cane", + "origin": "From Spanish turbinado (literally “churned”).", + "sentence": "Turbinado is usually made by squeezing the juice out of crushed sugar cane, then spinning what's left after evaporation through a huge centrifuge.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turbinado", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, Harley Pasternak, Myatt Murphy, The 5 Factor Diet, →ISBN, page 70:" + }, + "tortoise": { + "definition": "Any of various land-dwelling reptiles, of the family Testudinidae (chiefly Canada, US) or the order Testudines (chiefly UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, India), whose body is enclosed in a shell (carapace plus plastron). The animal can withdraw its head and four legs partially into the shell, providing some protection from predators.", + "origin": "From Middle English tortuse, tortuce, tortuge, from Medieval Latin tortuca, of uncertain origin. May be from Late Latin tartarūcha, from tartarūchus, from Ancient Greek ταρταροῦχος (tartaroûkhos, literally “holder of Tartarus [the land of the damned dead in Greek myths]”), because it used to be thought that tortoises and turtles came from the underworld and they were commonly paired with such infernal beasts; see Τάρταρος (Tártaros). Or, from Latin tortus (“twisted”). The French-looking Modern English spelling tortoise may be influenced by porpoise. Displaced native Old English byrdling.", + "sentence": "The tortoise, with its characteristic protrusion of the head and neck, was a symbol sacred to Venus.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tortoise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 235:" + }, + "turducken": { + "definition": "A dish, usually roasted, consisting of a deboned turkey stuffed with a deboned duck that has been stuffed with a small deboned chicken, and also containing stuffing.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Turkic *tür(ü)k\nOld Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ẅr²ẅk²)der.\nClassical Persian ترکbor.\nByzantine Greek Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nByzantine Greek -ίᾱ (-íā)\nByzantine Greek Τουρκίᾱ (Tourkíā)bor.\nMedieval Latin Turcia\nAnglo-Norman Turkyebor.\nMiddle English Turkye\nEnglish Turkey\nEnglish turkey\nProto-Germanic *dūkaną\nProto-West Germanic *dūkan\nOld English dū̆ce\nMiddle English doke\nEnglish duck\nProto-Germanic *keukô\nProto-Germanic *keukô\nProto-Germanic *kukkaz\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-West Germanic *kiukīn?\nProto-Germanic *kukkīną?\nOld English ċicen\nMiddle English chiken\nEnglish chicken\nblend\nEnglish turducken\nBlend of tur(key) + duck + (chick)en.", + "sentence": "He and his brother grew up eating turducken.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turducken", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999, Meat and Poultry, volume 45, Mill Valley, Calif.: Oman Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 26:" + }, + "tosh": { + "definition": "A bath or foot pan", + "origin": "From 19th-century British thieves' cant, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from *tarsh, a metathetic alteration of trash; or from toss.\nSense of nonsense possibly influenced by tush (“nonsense! tsk tsk!”) attested from 15th century.", + "sentence": "We call a tub a tosh.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tosh", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1905, H. A. Vachell, Hill, section I:" + }, + "turgor": { + "definition": "Turgidity.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin turgor, from turgēre (“to be swollen”) + -or (forms a third-declension masculine abstract noun from a verb root).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turgor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "toxicosis": { + "definition": "illness due to poisoning", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nUndeterminedder.?\nAncient Greek τόξον (tóxon)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós)\nAncient Greek τοξῐκός (toxĭkós)\nAncient Greek τοξικόν (toxikón)der.\nLatin toxicum\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Italic *-kos\nLatin -cus\nLatin toxicusbor.\nFrench toxiquebor.\nEnglish toxic\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Hellenic *-tis\nAncient Greek -τῐς (-tĭs)\nAncient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs)\nAncient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis)bor.\nNew Latin -ōsislbor.\nEnglish -osis\nEnglish toxicosis\nFrom toxic + -osis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toxicosis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "turophile": { + "definition": "A gourmet/connoisseur of cheese.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek τυρός (turós, “cheese”) + -phile.\nModern coinage; attested since 1930s.\nPopularized by Clifton Fadiman on American TV quiz show Information Please in 1952.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turophile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tractability": { + "definition": "The state of being tractable or docile; docility; tractableness.", + "origin": "From tractable + -ity, from Latin tractabilitas.", + "sentence": "At the expense of some realism, these simplifying assumptions afford a great deal of tractability, which allows us to make clear statements about optimal policy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tractability", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023, Eric Sims, Jing Cynthia Wu, and Ji Zhang, The Four-Equation New Keynesian Model, The Review of Economics and Statistics 105(4), pp. 931--947" + }, + "turpentine": { + "definition": "Any oleoresin secreted by the wood or bark of certain trees.", + "origin": "From Middle English terebentyne, terbentyne, turbentine, from Old French terbentine, turbentine, Latin terebinthina, from Ancient Greek τερεβινθίνη (terebinthínē), the feminine form of τερεβινθινος (terebinthinos, “terebinthine”, adjective), from τερέβινθος (terébinthos, “terebinth tree”, noun). Related to terpene and terpin; etymologically equivalent to terebinth + -ine.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turpentine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "traiteur": { + "definition": "A restaurateur.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French traiteur.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/traiteur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tussock": { + "definition": "A tuft or clump of green grass or similar verdure, forming a small hillock.", + "origin": "Uncertain. Likely from or related to tusk + -ock (diminutive suffix). Compare Middle High German zūsach (“thicket”), a derivative of Middle High German zūse (“lock of hair”). Compare also Scottish Gaelic dosag (“little tuft”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tussock", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "transcend": { + "definition": "To pass beyond the limits of something.", + "origin": "From Middle English transcenden, from Old French transcender, from Latin transcendō (“to climb over, step over, surpass, transcend”), from trans (“over”) + scandō (“to climb”); see scan; compare ascend, descend.", + "sentence": "We cannot transcend what we refuse to face.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transcend", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "tutelage": { + "definition": "The act of guarding, protecting, or guiding.", + "origin": "From Latin tūtēla (“a watching, guardianship, protection”) + -age, from tuērī (“to watch, guard”). See tuition.", + "sentence": "The childhood of the European nations was passed under the tutelage of the clergy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tutelage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1848, Thomas Babington Macaulay Baron Macaulay, “Chapter”, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Longmans, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, page 23:" + }, + "transducer": { + "definition": "A device that converts energy from one form into another.", + "origin": "1924, Latin trānsdūcō + -er. By surface analysis, transduce + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transducer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tutti-frutti": { + "definition": "A variety of ice cream (or, formerly, other confection) that contains chopped candied fruit.", + "origin": "From Sicilian tutti frutti (“all fruits”), so attested in 1838 for a kind of sorbet.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tutti-frutti", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "transhumance": { + "definition": "The seasonal movement of grazing livestock (especially cattle, sheep, or goats) to new pastures which may be quite distant; alpine and nonalpine versions of such movement exist.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French transhumance, ultimately from Latin trāns (“across, beyond”) + humus (“ground”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transhumance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "twain": { + "definition": "Pair, couple.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Germanic *twai\nProto-West Germanic *twai-der.\nOld English twēġen\nMiddle English tweyne\nEnglish twain\n PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nFrom Middle English tweyne, tweien, twaine, from Old English twēġen m (“two”), from Proto-West Germanic *twai-, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Cognate with Saterland Frisian twäin, Low German twene, German zween. More at two.\nThe word outlasted the breakdown of gender in Middle English and survived as a secondary form of two, then especially in the cases where the numeral follows a noun. Its continuation into modern times was aided by its use in KJV, the Marriage Service, in poetry (where it is commonly used as a rhyme word), and in oral use where it is necessary to be clear that two and not to or too is meant.", + "sentence": "The susceptible twain, on the search for adventure, dropped in.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/twain", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1903 February 8, The Truth, Sydney, page 3, column 3:" + }, + "transience": { + "definition": "The quality of being transient, temporary, brief or fleeting.", + "origin": "From transient + -ence.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transience", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "twang": { + "definition": "A trace of a regional or foreign accent in someone's voice.", + "origin": "Onomatopoeic. Compare Middle English twengen (“to pinch, tweak”) (whence modern English twinge), from Old English twenġan (“to pinch, twinge”); Middle English twingen (“to afflict, torment, oppress”), from Old Norse þvinga (“to weigh down, oppress”); Old English twingan (“to force, press”).", + "sentence": "Despite having lived in Canada for 20 years, he still has that Eastern European twang in his voice.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/twang", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "transmissibility": { + "definition": "The condition of being transmissible", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transmissibility", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tympanum": { + "definition": "The eardrum (tympanic membrane, membrana tympanica).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin tympanum (“a drum, timbrel, tambourine; the eardrum”). Doublet of timbre, timpani, timbal, and tymbal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tympanum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "transmontane": { + "definition": "Of or relating to the other side of the mountains (usually with reference to the Alps).", + "origin": "Ultimately from Latin trānsmontānus, either directly to English from Latin or by way of a Romance cognate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transmontane", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "typhlology": { + "definition": "The scientific study of blindness.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/typhlology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "transpiration": { + "definition": "The loss of water by evaporation in terrestrial plants, especially through the stomata; accompanied by a corresponding uptake from the roots.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French transpiration, from Medieval Latin transpiratio, from transpiro, from Latin trans + spiro.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transpiration", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "transposable": { + "definition": "able to be transposed (in any sense)", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish transpose\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin -ābilis\nOld French -ablebor.\nMiddle English -able\nEnglish -able\nEnglish transposable\nFrom transpose + -able.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transposable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "trapezoid": { + "definition": "A (convex) quadrilateral with two (non-adjacent) parallel sides.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tr̥-\nProto-Indo-European *ped-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *pṓds\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ih₂\nProto-Indo-European *tr̥-ped-ih₂-der.\nAncient Greek τράπεζα (trápeza)\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *wéydos\nProto-Hellenic *wéidos\nAncient Greek εἶδος (eîdos)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ēs\nProto-Hellenic *-ēs\nAncient Greek -ης (-ēs)\nAncient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs)\nAncient Greek τρᾰπεζοειδής (trăpezoeidḗs)bor.\nNew Latin trapezoïdēslbor.\nEnglish trapezoid\nLearned borrowing from New Latin trapezoïdēs. By surface analysis, trapeze + -oid. First attested in 1704.", + "sentence": "There was a trapezoid of light on his shoulder, some bright fragment torn from a greater plane.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trapezoid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023, Brandon Taylor, The Late Americans, Jonathan Cape, page 178:" + }, + "treadle": { + "definition": "A device actuated by wheels passing over it.", + "origin": "From Middle English tredel, from Old English tredel; equivalent to tread + -le.", + "sentence": "As the car passes over a second treadle, just beyond the entrance, the barrier falls again.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/treadle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1962 July, “Talking of Trains: Automatic car park at Harlow”, in Modern Railways, pages 11–12:" + }, + "trefoil": { + "definition": "A symbol having the shape of such leaves, especially when used as an architectural ornament.", + "origin": "From Middle English trefoil, from Old French trifoil, trefeul, from Latin trifolium, from tri- (“three”) + folium (“leaf”).", + "sentence": "\"The pristine, unbroken condition of the vessel – sometimes called a trefoil jug – caused the entire dig to 'come to a halt,' Søvsø remarked.\"", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trefoil", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015 June 16, David DeMar, “Ancient Pitcher Discovered in Historic Danish City”, in New Historian:" + }, + "trellis": { + "definition": "An outdoor garden frame that can be used for partitioning a common area.", + "origin": "From Middle English trelis, from Anglo-Norman treslis, from Old French treille (“arbor”), from Latin trichila (“arbor\", \"summer house”). However, see OED which claims another Old French form referring to sackcloth, from Vulgar Latin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trellis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tremulous": { + "definition": "Trembling, quivering, or shaking.", + "origin": "From Latin tremulus, from tremō (“to tremble, shake”) + -ulus. Doublet of tremor and tremble. By surface analysis, tremulate + -ous.", + "sentence": "The trying nature of his position drove the blood from his cheek, and made his lips tremulous.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tremulous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Recognition”, in The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC, page 79:" + }, + "unchristened": { + "definition": "Not christened.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Germanic *un-\nProto-West Germanic *un-\nOld English un-\nMiddle English un-\nEnglish un-\nEnglish christened\nEnglish unchristened\nFrom un- + christened.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unchristened", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "unctuous": { + "definition": "Having the nature or properties of an unguent or ointment; greasy, oily.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English unctuous [and other forms], borrowed from Medieval Latin ūnctuōsus (“greasy, oily, unctuous”), from Latin ūnctum (“ointment; rich banquet; rich savoury dish”) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of; overly’ forming adjectives from nouns). Ūnctum is a noun use of the perfect passive participle of unguō (“to anoint; to smear with oil, to grease or oil”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷ- (“to anoint; to smear”).\nCognates\n* Italian untuoso\n* Old French onctües, unctueus, unctuose (modern French onctueux)\n* Portuguese unctuoso\n* Spanish untuoso", + "sentence": "In a word, after being tried out, the crisp, shrivelled blubber, now called scraps or fritters, still contains considerable of its unctuous properties.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unctuous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Try-works”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 470:" + }, + "ungetatable": { + "definition": "That cannot be got at; inaccessible.", + "origin": "From un- + get at + -able.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ungetatable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "unilaterally": { + "definition": "In a unilateral or one-sided way.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish unilateral\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish unilaterally\nFrom unilateral + -ly.", + "sentence": "James that he could not approve property sales unilaterally.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unilaterally", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008 April 17, Jonathan Miller, Richard G. Jones, “Ex-Newark Mayor Convicted of Fraud”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 28 Nov 2022:" + }, + "univocal": { + "definition": "Containing instances of only one vowel; univocalic.", + "origin": "From Late Latin ūnivocus + -al. By surface analysis, uni- + vocal.", + "sentence": "I read through the dictionary five times to extract an extensive lexicon of univocal words containing only one of the five vowels.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/univocal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002, Brick, numbers 69-70, page 118:" + }, + "unmoored": { + "definition": "Not moored.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Germanic *un-\nProto-West Germanic *un-\nOld English un-\nMiddle English un-\nEnglish un-\nEnglish moored\nEnglish unmoored\nFrom un- + moored.", + "sentence": "Left unmoored, the boat gradually drifted out to sea.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unmoored", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "unremitting": { + "definition": "Incessant; never slackening.", + "origin": "un- + remitting, from remit (in now rare sense of “diminish, abate”),\nfrom Middle English remitten, from Latin remittere (“to send, send back”). Compare Old French remettre, remetre, remitter. Not from nonexistent unremit. First attested in 1728.", + "sentence": "These thoughts supported my spirits, while I pursued my undertaking with unremitting ardour.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unremitting", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1818, Mary Shelley, chapter 4, in Frankenstein, archived from the original on 30 Oct 2011:" + }, + "unscathed": { + "definition": "Not harmed or damaged in any way; untouched.", + "origin": "A calque of Middle Scots unskaithit, from Early Scots unscathit; by surface analysis, un- + scathed.", + "sentence": "He was quite relieved to finish the conversation unscathed.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unscathed", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "untenable": { + "definition": "Not able to be held or sustained, such as of an opinion or position.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Germanic *un-\nProto-West Germanic *un-\nOld English un-\nMiddle English un-\nEnglish un-\nEnglish tenable\nEnglish untenable\nFrom un- + tenable.", + "sentence": "The theory of cold fusion was untenable.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/untenable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "upbraid": { + "definition": "To criticize severely.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *upó\nProto-Germanic *ub\nProto-Germanic *upp\nProto-West Germanic *upp\nOld English up\nOld English up-\nProto-Germanic *bregdaną\nProto-West Germanic *bregdan\nOld English breġdan\nOld English upbreġdan\nMiddle English upbreiden\nEnglish upbraid\nFrom Middle English upbreiden, from Old English upbreġdan, equivalent to up- + braid. Compare English umbraid (“to upbraid”), Icelandic bregða (“to draw, brandish, braid, deviate from, change, break off, upbraid”). See up, and braid (transitive).", + "sentence": "How much doth thy kindness upbraid my wickedness!", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upbraid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:" + }, + "upsilon": { + "definition": "The twentieth letter of Classical and Modern Greek; the twenty-second letter of Old and Ancient Greek.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ὖ ψιλόν (û psilón, “simple Υ”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upsilon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ursine": { + "definition": "Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of bears.", + "origin": "Mid 16th century, from Latin ursīnus, adjectival form of ursus (“bear”) + -ine.", + "sentence": "The British chief having undergone the ursine embrace of the Seikh monarch, the whole cavalcade proceeded towards the town.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ursine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1832, Godfrey Mundy, chapter VI, in Pen and Pencil Sketches, Being the Journal of a Tour in India, volume 1, London: John Murray, page 320:" + }, + "usurper": { + "definition": "One who usurps.", + "origin": "From Middle English usurper, usurpour, usurpur, from Middle French usurpeur; equivalent to usurp + -er.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/usurper", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "utilitarian": { + "definition": "Someone who practices or advocates utilitarianism.", + "origin": "From utility + -arian. Coined by English philosopher Jeremy Bentham as early as 1781, and popularized by his student John Stuart Mill, who mistakenly attributed the term to John Galt.", + "sentence": "Bankman-Fried often described himself as a utilitarian — meaning that he made decisions designed to advance the greater good.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/utilitarian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 October 11, David Yaffe-Bellany, Matthew Goldstein, J. Edward Moreno, “Caroline Ellison Says She and Sam Bankman-Fried Lied for Years”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:" + }, + "uveal": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the uvea", + "origin": "From uvea + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uveal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "uvula": { + "definition": "the slight elevation in the mucous membrane immediately behind the internal urethral orifice of the urinary bladder, caused by the middle lobe of the prostate", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw-der.\nProto-Italic *oiwā\nLatin ūva\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ula\nLate Latin ūvulabor.\nEnglish uvula\nBorrowed from Late Latin ūvula, diminutive of ūva (“grape”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uvula", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ufology": { + "definition": "The study of UFOs.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish UFO\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *lóǵos\nProto-Hellenic *lógos\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin -logialbor.\nFrench -logiebor.\nEnglish -logy\nEnglish ufology\nFrom UFO + -logy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ufology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Ukrainian": { + "definition": "Relating to Ukraine or its people or language.", + "origin": "From Ukraine + -ian (suffix meaning ‘from; like; related to’, forming adjectives; or ‘one belonging to, from, like, or relating to’, forming nouns).", + "sentence": "The Muſcovite, Novogrodian, and Ukrainian dialects, are the moſt uſed in Ruſſia, together with that of Archangel, which greatly reſembles the Siberian.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ukrainian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1762, George Sale et al., “Sect. III. Language, Learning, Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce of Russia.”, in The Modern Part of An Universal History, From the Earliest Account of Time. […], volume XXXV, London: […] T[homas] Osborne, […], →OCLC, page 155:" + }, + "ulna": { + "definition": "The bone of the forearm that extends from the elbow to the wrist on the side opposite to the thumb, corresponding to the fibula of the hind limb. Also, the corresponding bone in the forelimb of any vertebrate.", + "origin": "From Latin ulna (“elbow”). Doublet of ell.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulna", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "umbilical": { + "definition": "Such that the curvatures of normal sections are all equal to each other.", + "origin": "From Latin umbilicus (“navel”) + -al. By surface analysis, umbilic- + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/umbilical", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "umbrage": { + "definition": "A feeling of anger or annoyance caused by something offensive.", + "origin": "From Middle French ombrage (“umbrage”), from Old French ombrage, from Latin umbrāticus (“in the shade”), from umbra (“shadow, shade”).", + "sentence": "She looked very neurotic, moving in a jerky way, her body giving little twitches of habitual umbrage.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/umbrage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1960, Muriel Spark, chapter 10, in The Bachelors, London: Macmillan:" + }, + "vaccination": { + "definition": "Inoculation with a vaccine, in order to protect from a particular disease or strain of disease.", + "origin": "From vaccinia, a cowpox infection. Ultimately from Latin vacca (“cow”). Coined by Edward Jenner (1749-1823) in 1798. Jenner infected people with weakened cowpox viruses (vaccinia), to immunise them against smallpox. It is now known that vaccinia and cow pox are separate conditions, but at the time of Jenner, they were considered the same condition.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vaccination", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vacillate": { + "definition": "To swing indecisively from one course of action or opinion to another.", + "origin": "From Latin vacillātum, supine form of vacillō (“sway, waver”). By surface analysis, Latin vacill- + -ate.", + "sentence": "Though it is vital to be alert for circumstances which require a change of plan, it is fatal to vacillate.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vacillate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1944 October, I. A. Horowitz, “Readers' Games”, in Chess Review:" + }, + "vague": { + "definition": "Not clearly expressed; stated in indefinite terms.", + "origin": "From Middle French vague, from Latin vagus (“uncertain, vague”, literally “wandering, rambling, strolling”).", + "sentence": "It follows from what has been said that a vague thought has more likelihood of being true than a precise one.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vague", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1921, Bertrand Russell, The Analysis of Mind:" + }, + "vainglorious": { + "definition": "Possessing excessive vanity or unwarranted pride.", + "origin": "From Middle English veinglorious, from Old French vain glorios, from Latin vānus (“empty”) + glōriōsus.", + "sentence": "And at the very moment of that vainglorious thought, a qualm came over me, a horrid nausea and the most deadly shuddering.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vainglorious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1886 January 5, Robert Louis Stevenson, “Henry Jekyll’s Full Statement of the Case”, in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 131:" + }, + "valedictorian": { + "definition": "The individual in a graduating class who delivers the farewell or valedictory address, often the person who graduates with the highest grades.", + "origin": "Formed 1759, from valedictory (“of a speech made when leaving”) + -an.", + "sentence": "Our oldest son was valedictorian of his high school class and went to a top university.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/valedictorian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020 July 2, Arthur C. Brooks, “A College Degree Is No Guarantee of a Good Life”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 19 Apr 2021:" + }, + "valerian": { + "definition": "A hardy perennial flowering plant, Valeriana officinalis, with heads of sweetly scented pink or white flowers.", + "origin": "From Old French valeriane or Medieval Latin valeriāna, a reinterpretation of what is found as German Baldrian after valēre (“to be powerful”) or also the gentilic name Valerius, which is seemingly borrowed in the Dark Age period from the late 6ᵗʰ to early 8ᵗʰ century from Turkic or Proto-Mongolic, when the Pannonian Avars were direct neighbours to the Germans, notably also present in Hungarian bojtorján (“burdock”), ultimately from Proto-Mongolic, reflected as\nMiddle Mongol ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ (balčirɣan-a, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix ᠭᠠᠨᠠ (-ɣana),\nMongolian балчиргана (balčirgana, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as балчир (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix -гана (-gana).\nSee Ottoman Turkish بالدران (baldıran, “hemlock”) for Turkic cognates.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/valerian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "valiant": { + "definition": "Possessing or showing courage or determination; brave, heroic.", + "origin": "From Middle English vailaunt (“having or showing courage or valour, valiant; characterized by valour; powerful, strong; person of valour or strength; excellent, worthy; beneficial, useful; valuable; legally valid, binding”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman vaillaunt, vaylant [and other forms], and Old French vailant, vaillant (“brave, valiant; having value, valuable”) [and other forms], from the present participle of valoir (“to have value; to be worth”), from Latin valēre (“to have value; to be worth; to be strong; to have influence or power”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“powerful, strong; to rule”).", + "sentence": "A valiant man’s look is more than a coward’s sword.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/valiant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "valuator": { + "definition": "A person who estimates the value of something; an appraiser.", + "origin": "From valuate + -or.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/valuator", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vandalize": { + "definition": "American, Canadian, and Oxford British English standard spelling of vandalise.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish vandal\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish vandalize\nFrom vandal + -ize.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vandalize", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vanguard": { + "definition": "The person or people at the forefront of a group or movement.", + "origin": "From Middle English vandgard, vaunte garde, vaunt garde, wantgard, from advaunte-garde, avauntgard with aphesis, from Old French avangarde, avant-garde, avantgarde, from avant (“before; in front”) + garde (“guard”). Doublet of avant-garde and vaward.", + "sentence": "By some paradoxical evolution rancour and intolerance have been established in the vanguard of primitive Christianity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vanguard", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1921, Ben Travers, “The Nest”, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC, part I (“Come He Will”), page 35:" + }, + "vanquish": { + "definition": "To defeat (someone); to overcome.", + "origin": "From Middle English venquysshen, vaynquisshen, borrowed from a conjugated form of Old French veincre, from Latin vincō.", + "sentence": "This bold assertion has been so fully vanquish'd in a late reply to the Bishop of Meaux's treatise.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vanquish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1687, Francis Atterbury, An Answer to Some Considerations on the Spirit of Martin Luther and the Original of the Reformation; […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Sheldonian] Theater, →OCLC:" + }, + "vantage": { + "definition": "A superior or more favorable situation or opportunity; gain; profit; advantage.", + "origin": "From Middle English vantage, by apheresis from advantage; see advantage.", + "sentence": "O happy vantage of a kneeling knee!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vantage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:" + }, + "varicose": { + "definition": "Abnormally swollen, dilated or knotty.", + "origin": "From varix, via Middle English [Term?] from Latin varix, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wers-. By surface analysis, varic- + -ose. See also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ, “top, peak”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”), Lithuanian viršus (“top”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/varicose", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "variegated": { + "definition": "Streaked, spotted, or otherwise marked with a variety of color.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁wh₂-s-?\nProto-Indo-European *-yos\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\n▲\nProto-Italic *-jōsinflu.\nProto-Italic *-jos\nProto-Italic *wasios?\nLatin varius\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti\nProto-Italic *agō\nLatin agō\nLate Latin variegōbor.\nEnglish variegate\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish variegated\nFrom variegate + -ed.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/variegated", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Vatican": { + "definition": "A city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin Vātī̆cānus (“Vatican Hill”), further etymology unknown. The connection to vāticinārī (“to prophesy, oracle”) is folk-etymological.", + "sentence": "Unlike most other countries in the world, citizenship in Vatican City isn’t solely provided to people that are born in the country.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Vatican", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019 October 3, Ellen Curtin, “Everything You Wanted to Know about Vatican City”, in City Wonders, archived from the original on 13 Jun 2025:" + }, + "vaudeville": { + "definition": "A style of multi-act theatrical entertainment which originated from France and flourished in Europe and North America from the 1880s through the 1920s.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French vaudeville.", + "sentence": "Sterling was born in Baltimore on June 24, 1915, to Jack Sexton and Edna Cable, veteran performers in vaudeville, showboats and stock companies.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vaudeville", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990 November 2, Peter B. Flint, “Jack Sterling, 75, Host on Radio For 18 Years in New York, Dies”, in The New York Times:" + }, + "veganism": { + "definition": "A way of life which strictly avoids animal products and services involving the use of living animals.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *weg-o-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *weǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Indo-European *woǵéyetider.\nProto-Italic *wogeōder.?\nLatin vegeō\nLatin vegetus\nLatin vegetāre, vegetō\nProto-Indo-European *-dʰlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlom\nProto-Italic *-ðlis\nLatin -bilis\nLatin vegetābilisbor.\nOld French vegetablebor.\nMiddle English vegetable\nEnglish vegetable\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusder.\nMiddle English -arie\nEnglish -ary\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish -arian\nEnglish vegetarian\nEnglish vegan\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish veganism\nFrom vegan + -ism.", + "sentence": "Veganism is an ethical system as well as a diet.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/veganism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2001, Kristine M. Krapp, The Gale encyclopedia of nursing & allied health, page 2549:" + }, + "vegetarian": { + "definition": "A person who does not eat animal flesh, or, in some cases, use any animal products.", + "origin": "From vegetable + -arian; popularized following the foundation of the British Vegetarian Society in 1847.", + "sentence": "You hit like a vegetarian!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vegetarian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, Miles Chapman, Arnell Jesko, Escape Plan, spoken by Rottmayer (Arnold Schwarzenegger):" + }, + "vehemence": { + "definition": "An intense concentration, force or power.", + "origin": "From Middle English vehemens, vemance, from Old French vëemence, vehemence, from Latin vehementia (“eagerness, strength”), from vehemens (“eager”).", + "sentence": "The bear attacked with vengeance and vehemence.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vehemence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "vehicular": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to a vehicle or vehicles, usually specifically cars and trucks; involving a vehicle.", + "origin": "From Late Latin vehiculāris. By surface analysis, vehicle + -ar.", + "sentence": "Ernest had a fear of vehicular travel, and ended up walking everywhere.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vehicular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "veneer": { + "definition": "A thin decorative covering of fine material (usually wood) applied to coarser wood or other material.", + "origin": "From German Furnier, from furnieren (“to inlay, cover with a veneer”), from French fournir (“to furnish, accomplish”), from Middle French fornir, from Old French fornir, furnir (“to furnish”), from Old Frankish frumjan (“to provide”), from Proto-Germanic *frumjaną (“to further, promote”). Cognate with Old High German frumjan, frummen (“to accomplish, execute, provide”), Old English fremian (“to promote, perform”). More at furnish.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/veneer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "venerable": { + "definition": "Commanding respect because of age, dignity, character or position.", + "origin": "From Middle French vénérable, from Old French, from Latin venerabilis.", + "sentence": "Dotcom mania was slow in coming to higher education, but now it has the venerable industry firmly in its grip.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/venerable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:" + }, + "vengeance": { + "definition": "Revenge taken for an insult, injury, or other wrong.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman vengeaunce, from Old French vengeance, venjance, from vengier (“to avenge”). Analysable as venge + -ance.", + "sentence": "This sin must now be punished by the vengeance of men.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vengeance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1906, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], Time and the Gods, London: William Heineman, →OCLC, page 28:" + }, + "venial": { + "definition": "Able to be forgiven; worthy of forgiveness.", + "origin": "From Old French venial, borrowed from Late Latin veniālem (“pardonable”), from Latin venia (“forgiveness”).", + "sentence": "He did not say that he should favour such an attempt; But he did say that such an attempt would be venial.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/venial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1826, [Mary Shelley], The Last Man. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "venomous": { + "definition": "Of an animal (specifically a snake) or parts of its body: producing venom (“a toxin intended for defensive or offensive use”) which is usually injected into an enemy or prey by biting or stinging; hence, of a bite or sting: injecting venom.", + "origin": "From Middle English venymous, from Old French venimos, composed of venim (“venom”) + -os (adjective-forming suffix). Synchronically analysable as venom + -ous. Compare Modern French venimeux. Piecewise doublet of venenous.", + "sentence": "Do venomous spiders have glands?", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/venomous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "ventail": { + "definition": "The movable front part of a medieval helmet, originally including the visor but later specifically the separate lower section.", + "origin": "From Middle English ventaile (“mail over lower face and neck; lower front piece of helmet; air hole in helmet”), from Old French ventaille (“lower opening in helmet for air”). Related to aventail.", + "sentence": "The great bascinet was distinguished by the modification of the mail aventail into a steel ventail.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ventail", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, Shannon L. Rogers, All Things Chaucer: A-J:" + }, + "ventricle": { + "definition": "One of two lower chambers of the heart.", + "origin": "From late Middle English, from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventriculus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ventricle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ventriloquy": { + "definition": "Ventriloquism.", + "origin": "From Latin ventriloquium, from venter (“stomach”) + loquī (“to speak”). By surface analysis, ventri- + -loquy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ventriloquy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "veracity": { + "definition": "The quality of speaking or stating the truth; truthfulness.", + "origin": "From Middle French véracité, from Old French veracitie, from Medieval Latin vērācitās (“truthfulness”) (whence -acity), from Latin vērāx (“truthful, speaking truth”), from vērus (“true, real”). See very.", + "sentence": "Of course if you don't accept Conway's story, it means that you doubt either his veracity or his sanity—one may as well be frank.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/veracity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1933, James Hilton, Lost Horizon:" + }, + "verism": { + "definition": "Presenting common, everyday subjects, specifically eschewing the heroic or legendary.", + "origin": "From Latin vērus (“true”) + -ism.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "veritable": { + "definition": "True; genuine.", + "origin": "From verity + -able, from Middle French veritable, from Old French veritable, from Latin veritabilis.", + "sentence": "He is a veritable genius.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/veritable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "vermicide": { + "definition": "Any substance used to kill worms, especially parasitic intestinal worms", + "origin": "From Latin vermis (“worm”) + -cide.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vermicide", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vernal": { + "definition": "Pertaining to or occurring in spring.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *wósr̥\nFrom Latin vernālis (“(rare) of or pertaining to spring; vernal”), from vērnus (“of or pertaining to spring; vernal”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). Vērnus is derived from vēr (“season of spring”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring”)) + -nus (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Old French vernal (modern French vernal), Italian vernale (“pertaining to spring; vernal”), Occitan vernal, Portuguese vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”), Spanish vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”).", + "sentence": "Sun up, clear sky, air fresh, all vernal on the first day of May.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1963, J P Donleavy, A Singular Man, published 1963 (USA), page 115:" + }, + "vertigo": { + "definition": "A sensation of whirling and loss of balance, caused by looking down from a great height or by disease affecting the inner ear.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wert-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *-etor\nProto-Indo-European *wértetor\nProto-Italic *wertō\nLatin vertō\nLatin -īgō\nLatin vertīgōbor.\nEnglish vertigo\nBorrowed from Latin vertīgō.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vertigo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vespertine": { + "definition": "Of or related to the evening; that occurs in the evening.", + "origin": "From Middle English vespertyne, from Latin vespertīnus (“evening”).", + "sentence": "Will you let me go upstairs and change into something a little more vespertine?' He pointed mournfully at his speech day garb.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vespertine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000, Stephen Fry, The Stars' Tennis Balls, page 34:" + }, + "vincible": { + "definition": "Capable of being defeated or overcome; assailable or vulnerable.", + "origin": "From Latin vincibilis (“conquerable”), from vincere (“to conquer”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vincible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "virga": { + "definition": "A streak of rain or snow that is dissipated in falling and does not reach the ground, commonly appearing descending from a cloud layer.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin virga (“rod”). Doublet of verge.", + "sentence": "Strong gusts of wind buffeted the train, and ghostly virga of ice followed it through the night.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/virga", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, Erik Larson, “Pilgrimage”, in The Devil in the White City, Vintage Books, page 78:" + }, + "virulence": { + "definition": "The state of being virulent.", + "origin": "From Middle French virulence, from Late Latin virulentia.", + "sentence": "Most strains of this virus have no virulence.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/virulence", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "vis-à-vis": { + "definition": "In relation to; compared with.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.", + "sentence": "These findings suggest several testable hypotheses vis-à-vis the role of nc-RNAs in the regulation of F8 expression.", + "part_of_speech": "preposition", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vis-%C3%A0-vis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015 July 16, “Small ncRNA Expression-Profiling of Blood from Hemophilia A Patients Identifies miR-1246 as a Potential Regulator of Factor 8 Gene”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:" + }, + "viscidity": { + "definition": "The quality of being viscid.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin viscum\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLate Latin viscidus\nEnglish viscid\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish viscidity\nFrom viscid + -ity.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viscidity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vitriolic": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to vitriol; derived from or resembling vitriol.", + "origin": "From vitriol + -ic; or from French vitriolique (cognate with Italian vetriolico, Portuguese vitriolico, Spanish vitriólico).", + "sentence": "Perhaps all vitriolic ſalts might be conveniently comprehended under the general name vitriol.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vitriolic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1777, [Pierre-Joseph Macquer]; [James Keir, transl.], “Vitriol”, in A Dictionary of Chemistry. Containing the Theory and Practice of that Science: Its Application to Natural Philosophy, Natural History, Medicine, and Animal Economy …, 2nd edition, volume III, London: Printed for T[homas] Cadell, and P[eter] Elmsley, in the Strand, →OCLC:" + }, + "volatile": { + "definition": "Of a price, variable or erratic.", + "origin": "From Middle French volatile, from Latin volātilis (“flying; swift; temporary; volatile”), from volō (“to fly”).", + "sentence": "Its pricing is highly volatile — and therefore highly risky.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/volatile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2024 November 19, Jeanne Sahadi, “Bitcoin has smashed records. Should you invest?”, in CNN Business, archived from the original on 04 Jun 2025:" + }, + "volition": { + "definition": "The mental power or ability of choosing; the will.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *weyh₁-influ.\nProto-Italic *welō\nLatin volō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nMedieval Latin volitiōbor.\nFrench volitionder.\nEnglish volition\nFrom French volition, from Medieval Latin volitiō (“will, volition”), from Latin volō (“to wish; to want; to mean or intend”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose; to want”)) + -tiō (suffix forming nouns relating to some action or the result of an action) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-tis (suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verbs)).", + "sentence": "Out of all the factors that can influence a person’s decision, none can match the power of his or her own volition.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/volition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "volucrine": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to birds.", + "origin": "From New Latin volucrinus, from Latin volucer.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/volucrine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "volumetric": { + "definition": "Pertaining to measurement by volume.", + "origin": "Blend of volume + -metric.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/volumetric", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Vulcan": { + "definition": "The god of volcanoes and fire, especially the forge, also the patron of all craftsmen, especially blacksmiths. The Roman counterpart of Hephaestus.", + "origin": "From Middle English Vulcan, Vulcanus, Wlcan, from Old English Ulcanus (genitive), from Classical Latin Vulcānus, probably from Etruscan although very unclear, but unknown meaning and further origin (see more in Latin entry). Doublet of bolcane and volcano.\nEtymology 1, proper noun sense 2.5 (“hypothetical planet”) is a semantic loan from French Vulcan, coined by French physicist, mathematician and astronomer Jacques Babinet in 1846, who proposed this name after the god for a planet close to the Sun.\nNoun senses etymology 1 1 (“blacksmith; metalworker”), etymology 1 2 (“one who is lame”), and etymology 1 3 (“fire”) are allusions to Vulcan as the god of fire and metalworking and his lameness. Compare Middle French Vulcan (“blacksmith; metalworker”), also attested in early modern French meaning “fire” in apparently isolated use.\nEtymology 1, noun sense 4 (“volcano”) is from Middle English wlcane, originally after Middle French Vulcan, wlcan, and chiefly after Spanish volcán in subsequent use, ultimately arising from Latin Vulcānus and Italian Vulcano as a name for Mount Etna and one or more of the Aeolian Islands (with active volcanoes on the islands now called Vulcano and Stromboli), probably after Arabic بُرْكَان (burkān, “volcano”), ultimately reflecting the Latin and Italian place names.", + "sentence": "The goddess Venus was the wife of Vulcan.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Vulcan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "vestibule": { + "definition": "A small entrance hall, antechamber, passage, or room between the outer door and the main hall, lobby, or interior of a building.", + "origin": "Early 17th century, borrowed from French vestibule (“entrance court”), from Latin vestibulum (“forecourt, entrance court; entrance”), from vestiō (“to dress, clothe, vest”) + -bulum (“place, location”, nominal suffix). Doublet of vestibulum.", + "sentence": "Lydia's voice was heard in the vestibule; the door was thrown open, and she ran into the room.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vestibule", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1813, Jane Austen, chapter 19, in Pride and Prejudice, volume 2:" + }, + "vetiver": { + "definition": "The grass Chrysopogon zizanioides (synonym Vetiveria zizanioides), which is native to India, but planted throughout the tropics for its fragrant roots and for erosion control.", + "origin": "From French vétyver (older spelling) or vétiver, from Tamil வெட்டிவேர் (veṭṭivēr).", + "sentence": "Vetiver barriers are planted in 0.50–1m wide strips to minimize the land area under the barrier.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vetiver", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Principles of Soil Conservation and Management, page 237:" + }, + "vicarious": { + "definition": "Experienced or gained by taking in another person’s experience rather than through first-hand experience, such as through watching or reading.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyk-der.\nLatin vicis\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -ārius\nLatin vicāriusbor.\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish vicarious\nFrom Latin vicārius (“vicarious, substituted”) + English -ous. First attested in the 17th century. Doublet of vicar.", + "sentence": "People experience vicarious pleasures through watching television.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vicarious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "vice versa": { + "definition": "The same but with the two items mentioned reversed.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin ablative absolute vice versā (“the position having been reversed”), from feminine third declension noun vicis (“arrangement, order, position”) + feminine ablative singular of perfect passive participle versus, from vertō (“to turn, to reverse”).", + "sentence": "Since there are two contestants left in the race, either Bob will come first place and Alice second place, or vice versa.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vice%20versa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "vicenary": { + "definition": "Of, pertaining to, or based on the number twenty.", + "origin": "From Latin vīcēnārius, from vīcēnus (“twenty each”) + -ārius (“-ary: forming adjectives and related nouns”). Doublet of vicenarious. Ultimately cognate with English vigenary.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vicenary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "viceroy": { + "definition": "One who governs a country, province, or colony as the representative of a monarch.", + "origin": "From Middle French vice-roy, from vice- + roy (“king”). Compare viscount.", + "sentence": "Ireland was governed by a Viceroy representing the English King/Queen when it was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viceroy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "victimology": { + "definition": "The study of the victims of crime, and especially of the reasons some people are more prone to be victims.", + "origin": "From French victimologie. From victim + -ology.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/victimology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vigil": { + "definition": "An instance of keeping awake during normal sleeping hours, especially to keep watch or pray.", + "origin": "From Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”), from Old French vigile, from Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”), from vigil (“awake”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). Doublet of Wigilia. See also wake and vigor, from the same root.", + "sentence": "A vigil was held for Ms.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vigil", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2024 September 5, Isabella Kwai, John Yoon, “Rebecca Cheptegei, Olympic Runner From Uganda, Dies After Gasoline Attack”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 13 Sep 2024:" + }, + "wallaby": { + "definition": "Any of several species of macropod marsupials; usually smaller and stockier than kangaroos.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Dharug wollabi (“swamp wallaby”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wallaby", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Walter Mitty": { + "definition": "A sad or pathetic person given to flights of fancy; a daydreamer.", + "origin": "From the main character in a short story, The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1939), by James Thurber.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Walter%20Mitty", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "widdershins": { + "definition": "The wrong way.", + "origin": "First use appears c. 1513, from Middle Low German weddersins (also wēder-, -sinnes), from wed(d)der- (“wither-, against, opposite”) + genitive of sin (“direction, way”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/widdershins", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wilco": { + "definition": "Indicates agreement and compliance.", + "origin": "Blend of will + comply.", + "sentence": "Wilco, Bravo Six Three will take the north road.", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wilco", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "wobbulator": { + "definition": "An electronic device primarily used for the alignment of receiver or transmitter intermediate frequency strips, often in conjunction with an oscilloscope; a swept-output RF oscillator; a variable capacitor driven by a voice coil; a main component of a FM circuit.", + "origin": "Blend of wobble + oscillator.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wobbulator", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "woebegone": { + "definition": "Of a person: deeply affected or overwhelmed by suffering or trouble, and so filled with woe (“great distress or sadness”); (loosely) forlorn, sad, unhappy.", + "origin": "From Middle English wo-bigon, wo-begon (“(adjective) deeply affected by woe, distressed, sorrowful, wretched; affected by physical impairment or pain; tired, weary; abominable, cursed; (noun) unfortunate person, wretch”), from wo (“distress, misery, woe; physical pain or suffering; etc.”) + bigon (the past participle form of bigon (“of a state: to come upon or overtake (someone), beset, overwhelm, bego; of a person: to be overwhelmed by grief, etc.”)):\n* wo is derived from Old English wā (“woe”), from Proto-West Germanic *wai (“woe!”, interjection), from Proto-Germanic *wai (“woe!”, interjection), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wáy (“ah!, oh!; alas!, woe!”, interjection).\n* bigon is derived from Old English begān (“to go over, traverse; to beset, surround; to occupy; to overrun; etc.”), from Proto-West Germanic *bigān, from *bi- (from Proto-Germanic *bi- (prefix meaning ‘at; by’), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁épi (“at; near; on”)) + *gān (“to go”) (from Proto-Germanic *gāną (“to go; to walk”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (“to go; to reach; to abandon, leave”)).\nBy surface analysis, woe + begone (the past participle form of bego (“(obsolete) to affect”)).\nNoun sense 1 (“person who is deeply affected or overwhelmed by suffering or trouble, and so filled with woe”) became obsolete after the 14th or 15th century, and was only revived in the 19th century.", + "sentence": "The woebegone children have their aspirations slowly snuffed.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/woebegone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2024 October 23, Jacob Oller, “Clay Weepy Memoir Of A Snail Crawls through a Gauntlet of Misery”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 12 Nov 2025:" + }, + "wolfsbane": { + "definition": "Any of several poisonous perennial herbs of the genus Aconitum.", + "origin": "From wolf + -s- + bane, a calque of Ancient Greek λυκοκτόνον (lukoktónon), from λύκος (lúkos, “wolf”) + κτείνω (kteínō, “to kill”). Influenced by Latin lycoctonum.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wolfsbane", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wootz": { + "definition": "A type of steel from India, much admired for making sword blades.", + "origin": "According to the American Heritage Dictionary, probably from a misreading of wook, an English transcription of (the root of) Kannada ಉಕ್ಕು (ukku),ಉರ್ಕು (urku, “steel”), Telugu ఉక్కు (ukku, “steel”); akin to Tamil உருகு (uruku, “to melt”) and உருக்கு (urukku, “melted thing, steel”).", + "sentence": "The celebrated wootz or steel of India, made in little cakes of only about two pounds weight, possesses qualities which no European steel can surpass.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wootz", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1863, Samuel Smiles, Industrial Biography:" + }, + "yardang": { + "definition": "A large wind-eroded mass of soft or poorly consolidated rock in a desert region which lies parallel to the prevailing winds, often with an unusual shape.", + "origin": "From yardan, ablative of Turkish yar (\"cliff\", \"precipice\").", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yardang", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "yawmeter": { + "definition": "An instrument that measures an aircraft's yaw.", + "origin": "From yaw + -meter.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yawmeter", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Yorkshire": { + "definition": "England's largest county. Situated in the northeast of England; divided into three ridings, (North, West and East, and The City Of York). Since 1974 for administration purposes local government has used different divisions.", + "origin": "From Middle English Yorkschire; equivalent to York (“English city”) + shire. Displaced native cognate Middle English Everwich schire, from Old English Eoforwīcsċīr.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Yorkshire", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "zazen": { + "definition": "A form of seated meditation in Zen Buddhism.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 坐(ざ)禅(ぜん) (zazen), from 坐(ざ) (za, “sitting”) + 禅(ぜん) (zen, “meditation”).", + "sentence": "They had sent out scouts to try and locate the original cave where the practice of Zazen was first initiated.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zazen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1985, Lawrence Durrell, Quinx, page 1226:" + }, + "zeitgeist": { + "definition": "The spirit of the age; the taste, outlook, and spirit characteristic of a period.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from German Zeitgeist (literally “spirit of the age”).", + "sentence": "She had been tracked down by the Zeitgeist—the spirit of the time.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zeitgeist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1958, Martin Luther King Jr., “Rosa Parks' Arrest”, in Stride Toward Freedom:" + }, + "zirconium": { + "definition": "A chemical element (symbol Zr) with an atomic number of 40, a strong, lustrous, grey-white transition metal mainly used as a refractory and opacifier.", + "origin": "From a New Latin coinage, from zircon. Doublet of jargonium.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zirconium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "zocalo": { + "definition": "A town square or marketplace, especially in Mexico.", + "origin": "From Mexican Spanish zócalo. Doublet of socle and zoccolo.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zocalo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "zoetic": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to life.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ζωή (zōḗ, “life”) + -etic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zoetic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "zoolatry": { + "definition": "The worship of animals.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French zoolâtrie, New Latin zoolatria, from zoo- + -latry.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zoolatry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "zurna": { + "definition": "A double-reed outdoor wind instrument, usually accompanied by a davul (bass drum) in Anatolian folk music.", + "origin": "From Turkish zurna, from Ottoman Turkish زورنا (zurna), from Classical Persian سرنا (surnā); see there for more. Cognate with English horn, Latin cornu (“horn”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zurna", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "zydeco": { + "definition": "A form of Louisiana Creole music, characteristically performed by accordion and washboard bands, that combines Cajun and Creole roots music with elements of African-American music.", + "origin": "From Louisiana Creole zydéco, compare French zarico; possibly from a metanalysis of French les haricots (“beans”) as French le zarico (“beans”) in a dance-tune title.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zydeco", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "zygote": { + "definition": "A eukaryotic cell formed from the fusion of two gametes (“reproductive cells”) during a fertilization process.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ζῠγωτός (zŭgōtós, “yoked”) + English -ote (suffix meaning ‘having [the thing to which it is attached]’). Ζῠγωτός (Zŭgōtós) is derived from ζῠγόω (zŭgóō, “to join or yoke together”) + -τός (-tós, suffix forming adjectives of possibility); and ζῠγόω (zŭgóō) from ζῠγόν (zŭgón, “yoke for joining animals; anything which joins two things together”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to tie together, join, yoke”)) + -όω (-óō, suffix forming causative or factitive verbs). By surface analysis, zygo- + -ote.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zygote", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tripe": { + "definition": "The lining of the large stomach of ruminating animals, when prepared for food.", + "origin": "From Middle English tripe, from Old French tripe (“entrails”), of uncertain origin; possibly borrowed from Spanish tripa.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tripe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Illinois": { + "definition": "A state of the United States, named for the people.", + "origin": "From French Illinois, an adaptation of an Algonquian (perhaps Ojibwe) name derived from Miami ilenweewa (“he speaks the regular way”).", + "sentence": "JB Pritzker of Illinois said in a social media post that he is “aware of the troubling incident that has unfolded in Franklin Park.”", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Illinois", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 September 12, Nicole Acevedo, “A person is killed and an ICE agent injured at an immigration arrest near Chicago”, in NBC News:" + }, + "contagion": { + "definition": "The spread of (initially small) shocks, which initially affect only a few financial institutions or a particular region of an economy, to other financial sectors and other countries whose economies were previously healthy.", + "origin": "From Middle English (late 14th century), from Old French, from Latin contāgiō (“a touching, contact, contagion”) related to contingō (“touch closely”).", + "sentence": "And it was German procrastination that aggravated the Greek crisis and caused the contagion that turned it into an existential crisis for Europe.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contagion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011, George Soros, Project Syndicate, Germany Must Defend the Euro:" + }, + "repose": { + "definition": "Temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; rest; (countable) an instance of this; a break, a rest; a sleep.", + "origin": "The verb is derived from Middle English reposen (“to rest”), from Anglo-Norman reposer, reposir, and Middle French reposer, from Old French reposer, repauser (“to become calm; to be peaceful; to rest; to be immobile; to lie or be placed; to cease, stop; to neglect”) (modern French reposer), from Latin repausāre, the present active infinitive of repausō (“(Late Latin) to be at rest; to lie down, rest; to sleep; to calm, pacify; (Latin) to halt temporarily, pause”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again; back, backwards’) + pausō (“to cease, halt; to pause”) (from pausa (“a halt, stop; a pause; an end”), from Ancient Greek παῦσῐς (paûsĭs, “ceasing, stopping”), from παύω (paúō, “to cease; to make to cease, stop; to bring to an end; to hinder”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”)) + -σῐς (-sĭs, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result)).\nThe noun is derived from Late Middle English repose, from Anglo-Norman repous, repos, and Middle French repos, repose, from Old French repos (“calm; rest; period or state of sleep; state of immobility; state of inaction”) (modern French repos), from reposer, repauser (verb) (see above).\nNoun etymology 1, noun sense 12.3 (“technique of including in a painting an area or areas which are dark, indistinct, or soft in tone”) is borrowed from French repos.\nCognates\nCatalan reposar (verb), repòs (noun)\nItalian riposare (verb), riposo (noun)\nOld Occitan repausar, repauzar (verb), repaus (noun)\nPortuguese repousar (verb), repouso (noun)\nSpanish reposar (verb), reposo (noun)", + "sentence": "My fathers Palace, Madam, vvill be proud / To entertaine your preſence, if youle daine / To make repoſe vvithin.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/repose", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1599 (date written), I. M. [i.e., John Marston], The History of Antonio and Mellida. The First Part. […], London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Mathewe Lownes, and Thomas Fisher, […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act I, signature C2, verso:" + }, + "nondescript": { + "definition": "Without distinguishing qualities or characteristics.", + "origin": "From non- + descript (from Latin dēscrīptus, past participle of dēscrībō).", + "sentence": "He drove a nondescript silver sedan.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nondescript", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "malicious": { + "definition": "Intending to do harm; characterized by spite and malice.", + "origin": "From Middle English malicious, from Old French malicios, from Latin malitiōsus, from malitia (“malice”), from malus (“bad”). Displaced native Middle English ivelwilled and ivelwilly (“malicious”), related to Old English yfelwillende (literally “evil-willing”). By surface analysis, malice + -ious.", + "sentence": "He was sent off for a malicious tackle on Jones.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malicious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "interstellar": { + "definition": "Between the stars.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁n̥tér\nProto-Italic *n̥ter\nLatin inter\nLatin inter-bor.\nEnglish inter-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *h₂stḗrder.\nProto-Italic *stērlā\nLatin stēlla\nLatin stēllārisbor.\nEnglish stellar\nEnglish interstellar\nFrom inter- + stellar.", + "sentence": "It can take centuries for light to travel interstellar distances.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interstellar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "petticoat": { + "definition": "A light woman's undergarment worn under a dress or skirt, and hanging either from the shoulders or (now especially) from the waist; a kind of slip, worn to make the skirt fuller, or for extra warmth.", + "origin": "From Middle English petticote, petycote, peticote, petite cote, equivalent to petty + coat.", + "sentence": "Her dirty petticoat quite escaped my notice.”", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/petticoat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter VIII, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, pages 76–77:" + }, + "insufferable": { + "definition": "Not sufferable; very difficult or impossible to endure; intolerable, unbearable.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English insufferable (“unbearably painful, intolerable”), and then either:\n* from in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + sufferable, souffrable (“bearable, endurable, tolerable; allowable, permissible; able to or willing to bear hardship; forbearing, long-suffering; calm, self-restrained, slow to anger; capable of suffering”) (from Anglo-Norman sufferable, souffrable, and Old French souffrable, suffrable (“sufferable, tolerable”)); or\n* from Old French insouffrable (“which cannot be endured or suffered; something insufferable or unendurable”) (now dialectal), from in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + souffrable, suffrable.\nFrom Old French souffrable, suffrable are derived from Medieval Latin sufferābilis, from Latin sufferre + -ābilis (suffix meaning ‘able or worthy to be’); while sufferre is the present active infinitive of sufferō, subferō (“to bear or carry under; to bear, endure, suffer, undergo”), from sub- (prefix meaning ‘below, under’) + ferō (“to bear, carry; to endure, suffer, tolerate”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”)). The English word is analysable as in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + sufferable.", + "sentence": "She is sensible that a vain person is the most insufferable creature living in a well-bred assembly.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/insufferable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1712 July 22 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “FRIDAY, July 12, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 429; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 120:" + }, + "expulsion": { + "definition": "The act of expelling or the state of being expelled.", + "origin": "From Middle English expulsioun, from Old French expulsion, from Latin expulsio, expulsionem.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expulsion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Laundromat": { + "definition": "A self-service laundry facility with (traditionally) coin-operated (which now may use other per-load payment methods) washing machines, dryers, and sometimes ironing or pressing machines, open to the public for washing clothing and household cloth items.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewh₃-der.\nProto-Italic *lowō\nLatin lavo\nLatin lavareder.\nLatin lavandarium\nLatin lavandaria\nOld French lavanderiebor.\nMiddle English lavendrie\nEnglish laundry\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ew\nProto-Indo-European *tó-\nProto-Hellenic *autós\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewder.\nAncient Greek αὖ (aû)\nAncient Greek τόν (tón)\nAncient Greek αὐτός (autós)\nAncient Greek αὐτο- (auto-)\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *mn̥tós\nProto-Hellenic *mətós\nAncient Greek αὐτόμᾰτος (autómătos)\nAncient Greek αὐτόμᾰτον (autómăton)der.\nClassical Latin automatum\nNew Latin automaticusbor.\nEnglish automatic\nblend\nEnglish laundromat\nBlend of laundry + automatic. From Laundromat, (former) trademark (1940s) of Westinghouse Electric Corporation for its washing machines, coined by Westinghouse publicist George Edward Pendray.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/laundromat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "malnutrition": { + "definition": "A lack of adequate nourishment.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)mel-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *(s)molos?\nProto-Italic *malos\nArchaic Latin malos\nLatin malus\nLatin maleder.\nOld French mal-\nEnglish mal-\nEnglish nutrition\nEnglish malnutrition\nFrom mal- + nutrition.", + "sentence": "It is predictable that some of these infections occur in individuals immunocompromised by malnutrition or underlying disease (notably cancer or AIDS) or by immunosuppressive therapy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malnutrition", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, Robert H. Rubin, Lowell S. Young, Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host, →ISBN, page 275:" + }, + "tunic": { + "definition": "A garment worn over the torso, with or without sleeves, and of various lengths reaching from the hips to the ankles.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French tunique, from Latin tunica, possibly from Semitic (compare Aramaic [script needed] (kittuna), Hebrew כותנת (kuttoneth, “coat”), English chiton); or from Etruscan. Existed in Old English as tunece; unknown if that term was lost and then reborrowed later. Doublet of tunica.", + "sentence": "The newcomer turned out to be a powerful youngster, fully trained and eager to help, and he stripped off his tunic at once.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tunic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:" + }, + "extravagant": { + "definition": "Exceeding the bounds of something; roving; hence, foreign.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English extravagaunt, from Middle French extravagant and its etymon Medieval Latin extravagans, present participle of extravagor (“to wander beyond”), from Latin extra (“beyond”) + vagor (“to wander, stray”).", + "sentence": "The extravagant and erring spirit hies / To his confine.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extravagant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:" + }, + "innards": { + "definition": "The internal organs of a human or animal; especially viscera, intestines.", + "origin": "Alteration of inwards.", + "sentence": "It's the place for all black sinners. / Watch them eating dead rat's innards.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/innards", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1970, “Walpurgis (older version of War Pigs)”, in Geezer Butler (lyrics), Paranoid, performed by Black Sabbath:" + }, + "acclimate": { + "definition": "To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nOld French a-\nFrench a-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱel-\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱley-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néyti\nProto-Hellenic *klíňňō\nAncient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Hellenic *-mə\nAncient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)\nAncient Greek κλῐ́μᾰ (klĭ́mă)bor.\nLatin climalbor.\nMiddle French climat\nFrench climat\nProto-Italic *-āzi\n▲\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nMiddle French -er\nFrench -er\nFrench acclimaterbor.\nEnglish acclimate\n1792, from French acclimater.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acclimate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "recede": { + "definition": "To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English receden, from Middle French receder and its etymon Latin recedere (“to withdraw; to go back”), from re- + cedere (“to go”).", + "sentence": "All bodies moved circularly have a perpetual endeavour to recede from the center.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recede", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1725, Richard Bentley, The Folly and Unreasonableness of Atheism:" + }, + "indignant": { + "definition": "Showing anger or indignation, especially at something unjust or wrong.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin indignāns, present participle of indignor (“to consider as unworthy, be angry or displeased at”), from in- (“privative”) + dignor (“to deem worthy”), from dignus (“worthy”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indignant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wok": { + "definition": "A large, round-bottomed cooking pan used in East Asian cooking.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Cantonese 鑊 /镬 (wok⁶).", + "sentence": "The 'wok' is an efficient, all-purpose metal cooking vessel used by every housewife in China.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wok", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1977, Marguerite Fawdry, Chinese Childhood, →ISBN, page 86:" + }, + "categorically": { + "definition": "Absolutely; in all regards (leaving no doubt or ambiguity).", + "origin": "From categorical + -ly.", + "sentence": "She categorically denied all allegations of misconduct.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/categorically", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "demure": { + "definition": "Modest, quiet, reserved, or serious.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English demure, demwre, an abbreviation of Anglo-Norman de mure port (“with a mature demeanor”) (compare Old French meur from Latin mātūrus):\n*si il seyt coy e de mure port (Amur curteiz) (“he sits quietly and with a mature appearance”)\n* Documents illustrating the history of Scotland, CLV, 1306, Orders for the custody of Scottish prisoners, CLV: …et que eles soient de bon et meur port (“…with a good and mature demeanor”)\n* mss. Arundel, 220: ke cely qe vus amerez soyt de gentil manere, coy, de meure porture (“with a mature demeanor”)\n* (Monastic rule): de aunciene dame de meure porture ke pusse les plus ieuenes rieueler e endoctriner (“an old lady with a mature demeanor able to rule and educate the young girls”).", + "sentence": "She is a demure young lady.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "chasm": { + "definition": "A deep, steep-sided rift, gap or fissure; a gorge or abyss.", + "origin": "From Latin chasma, from Ancient Greek χάσμα (khásma, “abyss, cleft”). Doublet of chasma. Compare schism. Displaced native Old English swelh and Old English elh.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chasm", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hitherto": { + "definition": "Up to this or that time.", + "origin": "The adverb is derived from Middle English hiderto (“to the present time, until now; up to this point”), from hider (“in this direction, to or toward this place; up to the present time, until now”) (from Old English hider (“to here, hither”)) + to (“in the direction of, toward; etc.”). By surface analysis, hither + to.\nThe adjective is derived from the adverb.", + "sentence": "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hitherto", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1888, Karl Marx; Frederick [i.e., Friedrich] Engels, “Bourgeois and Proletarians”, in Samuel Moore, transl., edited by Frederick Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party […] Authorized English Translation […], Chicago, Ill.: Charles H[ope] Kerr & Company, published [1910], →OCLC, page 12:" + }, + "horticulture": { + "definition": "The art or science of cultivating gardens; gardening.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin *horticultūra. Attested since the late 1600s.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/horticulture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sprocket": { + "definition": "A placeholder name for an unnamed, unspecified, or hypothetical manufactured good or product.", + "origin": "Unknown. First attested in the 16th century. Perhaps related to Italian rocchetto (“spool”), spoletta (“spool”), sprone (“spur”), or English spoke, spike, spur.", + "sentence": "Suppose we have a widget factory that produces 100 widgets per year, and a sprocket factory that produces 200 sprockets per year.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sprocket", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "punctually": { + "definition": "In a punctual manner; on time.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish punctual\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish punctually\nFrom punctual + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/punctually", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dynasty": { + "definition": "A series of rulers or dynasts from one family.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French dynastie, from Late Latin dynastia, from Ancient Greek δυναστεία (dunasteía, “power, dominion”).", + "sentence": "A dynasty is nothing but the successful orchestration of treachery.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dynasty", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023, Stewart Stafford, A Wager After Midnight" + }, + "koi": { + "definition": "Ornamental domesticated varieties of the Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus), of Japan and eastern Asia with red-gold or white coloring.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 鯉 (koi).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/koi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "incense": { + "definition": "To anger; to infuriate.", + "origin": "From Middle English encens, from Old French encens (“sweet-smelling substance”) from Late Latin incensum (“burnt incense”, literally “something burnt”), neuter past participle of incendō (“to set on fire”). Compare incendiary. Doublet of incienso. Displaced native Old English rēcels.", + "sentence": "I think it would incense him to learn the truth.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incense", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "gorilla": { + "definition": "A big and brutish man or a thug; a goon or ruffian.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek Γόριλλαι (Górillai, “Gorillai (a tribe of hairy women)”), described by Hanno the Navigator, a Carthaginian navigator and possible visitor to the area that later became Sierra Leone; the Greek word is likely from Punic, and ultimately from an African language.", + "sentence": "\"I'll do the old gorilla the justice to say that he is open-handed with money.\"", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gorilla", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed:" + }, + "ellipsis": { + "definition": "A mark consisting of multiple full stops (with or without spaces), used to indicate omitted, missing, or illegible words; or (in mathematics) that a pattern continues.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin ellīpsis, from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis, “omission”). Doublet of ellipse.", + "sentence": "I've never despised an ellipsis so much in my life.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ellipsis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, Danielle Corsetto, Girls with Slingshots: 114:" + }, + "thyroid": { + "definition": "Shield-shaped; peltiform.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwer-der.\nProto-Hellenic *tʰurā\nAncient Greek θῠ́ρᾱ (thŭ́rā)\nAncient Greek -εος (-eos)\nAncient Greek θῠρεός (thŭreós)\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *wéydos\nProto-Hellenic *wéidos\nAncient Greek εἶδος (eîdos)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ēs\nProto-Hellenic *-ēs\nAncient Greek -ης (-ēs)\nAncient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs)\nAncient Greek θῠρεοειδής (thŭreoeidḗs)bor.\nNew Latin thyreoīdēsbor.\nEnglish thyroid\nBorrowed from New Latin thyreoīdēs, from Ancient Greek θῠρεοειδής (thŭreoeidḗs, “shield-shaped”), from θῠρεός (thŭreós, “an oblong shield”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-form, -like”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thyroid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "elongated": { + "definition": "Extensive in length (physical distance, or time).", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "But his serve instantly came under intense pressure against Alcaraz in an elongated start which included a 12-minute opening game.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elongated", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 June 8, Jonathan Jurejko, “Alcaraz stuns Sinner in extraordinary French Open final”, in BBC:" + }, + "lasso": { + "definition": "A long rope with a sliding loop on one end, generally used in ranching to catch cattle and horses.", + "origin": "From Spanish lazo, from Vulgar Latin *laceum, from Latin laqueus. Doublet of lace.", + "sentence": "He managed to catch the runaway bull with a lasso.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lasso", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "incandescent": { + "definition": "Emitting light as a result of being heated.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French incandescent, from Latin incandescens, from incandesco (“be heated, glow”), from in- (intensifying prefix) + candesco (“become white”), from candidus (“white”).", + "sentence": "Rather than burning out as incandescent bulbs do, L.E.D.’s light output dims over tens of thousands of hours.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incandescent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 March 1, Matthew L. Wald, “Room to Improve”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 03 Jun 2017:" + }, + "quarry": { + "definition": "A site for mining stone, such as limestone, or slate.", + "origin": "From Middle English quarere, from Medieval Latin quarreria (1266), literally a “place where stones are squared”, from Old French quarrière (compare modern French carrière), from Vulgar Latin *quadraria, from Latin quadrō (“to square”), itself from quadra (“a square”), from quattuor (“four”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres (“four”).", + "sentence": "Michelangelo personally quarried marble from the world-famous quarry at Carrara.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quarry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "kung fu": { + "definition": "A Chinese martial art.", + "origin": "From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 功夫 (gōngfu, “skill, accomplishment, martial art”): kung¹-fu⁵.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kung%20fu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "destitution": { + "definition": "The condition of lacking something.", + "origin": "From Old French destitution, from Latin dēstitūtiō (“abandoning”), from dēstituō.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/destitution", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "patronize": { + "definition": "To act as a patron of; to defend, protect, or support.", + "origin": "From patron + -ize (verb ending); or from Old French patroniser, from Medieval Latin patronizāre (“to lead a galley as patron”). Piecewise doublet of patternize.", + "sentence": "A great perſonage aſked lord S——h, how the citizens came to patronize ſuch a profligate as Wilkes.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/patronize", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "[1773], [Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield], Lord Chesterfield’s Witticisms; or, The Grand Pantheon of Genius, Sentiment, and Taste. […] , London: Printed for Richard Snagg, […]; J. Mariner, […], →OCLC, pages 73–74:" + }, + "dilute": { + "definition": "To make thinner by adding solvent to a solution, especially by adding water.", + "origin": "From Latin dīlūtus, from dīluere (“to wash away, dissolve, cause to melt, dilute”), from dī-, dis- (“away, apart”) + luere (“to wash”). See lave, and compare deluge.", + "sentence": "Mix their watery store / With the chyle's current, and dilute it more.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dilute", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1712, Richard Blackmore, Creation: A Philosophical Poem:" + }, + "societal": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to society or social groups, or to their activities, customs, etc.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷéh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ṓy\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷh₂ṓy\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷyós\nProto-Italic *sokjos\nLatin sokios\nLatin socius\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nProto-Italic *-tāts\nLatin -tās\nLatin societāslbor.\nOld French societé\nMiddle French societébor.\nEnglish society\nEnglish -al\nEnglish societal\nFrom society + -al.", + "sentence": "While H5N1 flu is obviously lethal, some milder flus pose a greater societal threat, Professor Mathews says.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/societal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Malcolm Knox, The Monthly, April 2010, Issue 55, The Monthly Ptd Ltd, page 46" + }, + "uncanny": { + "definition": "Strange, and mysteriously unsettling (as if supernatural); weird.", + "origin": "From un- + canny; thus “beyond one's ken,” or outside one's familiar knowledge or perceptions. Compare Middle English unkanne (“unknown”). In the noun sense a translation of Sigmund Freud's usage of German unheimlich (Das Unheimliche, 1919).", + "sentence": "He bore an uncanny resemblance to the dead sailor.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uncanny", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "communing": { + "definition": "The act of one who communes; a communion.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "In youth have I known one with whom the Earth / In secret communing held—as he with it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/communing", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1884 [1827], Edgar Allan Poe, “Communion with Nature”, in Richard Herne Shepherd, editor, Tamerlane and Other Poems, London: George Redway:" + }, + "deadpan": { + "definition": "A style of comedic delivery in which something humorous is said or done while not exhibiting a change in emotion or facial expression.", + "origin": "From dead + pan (“face”).", + "sentence": "MAREK: But really the deadpan is key.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deadpan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, Meredith Gran, Octopus Pie #71: Deadpan:" + }, + "arable": { + "definition": "Of land, able to be plowed or tilled, capable of growing crops (traditionally contrasted with pasturable lands such as heaths).", + "origin": "From Middle English arable, from Middle French arable, from Old French arable, from Latin arābilis, formed from arō (“plow”) + -bilis (“able to be”). Cognate with earable (“arable”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arable", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "surfactant": { + "definition": "A lipoprotein in the tissues of the lung that reduces surface tension and permits more efficient gas transport.", + "origin": "Blend of surface-active + agent.", + "sentence": "It is conceivable that impairment of surfactant proteins is due to rheological and immunodefensive disorders of testis and epididymis or prostate.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surfactant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015 November 25, “Expression and Localization of Lung Surfactant Proteins in Human Testis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:" + }, + "nitrogen": { + "definition": "The chemical element (symbol N) with an atomic number of 7 and atomic weight of 14.0067. It is a colorless and odorless gas.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French nitrogène (coined by French chemist and physician Jean-Antoine Chaptal in 1790). By surface analysis, nitro- + -gen. See also niter.", + "sentence": "By molar fraction, nitric oxide contains equal parts nitrogen and oxygen.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nitrogen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "paralysis": { + "definition": "A state of being unable to act.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin paralysis, from Ancient Greek παράλυσις (parálusis, “palsy”), from παραλύω (paralúō, “to disable on one side”). By surface analysis, para- + -lysis. Doublet of palsy.", + "sentence": "The government has been in a paralysis since it lost its majority in the parliament.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paralysis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "metronome": { + "definition": "A device, containing an inverted pendulum, used to mark time by means of regular ticks at adjustable intervals; an electronic equivalent that emits flashes.", + "origin": "Coined in English from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”) + νόμος (nómos, “regulation, law”).", + "sentence": "The etudes with metronome markings should be played in tempo, all others should be considered rubato.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metronome", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, Michele Weir, Jazz Piano Handbook, Alfred Music Publishing, →ISBN, page 110:" + }, + "attorney": { + "definition": "A lawyer; one who advises or represents others in legal matters as a profession.", + "origin": "From Middle English attourne, from Old French atorné, past participle of atorner, atourner, aturner (“to attorn”), in the sense of \"one appointed or constituted\".", + "sentence": "If those attempts are unsuccessful, the attorney requesting the interrogatories may file a motion for sanctions with the court.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/attorney", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, James J. Gross, It's Splitsville: Surviving Your Divorce, page 240:" + }, + "snivel": { + "definition": "The act of snivelling.", + "origin": "From Middle English snivelen, snevelen, snyvelen, snuvelen, from Old English *snyflan (attested in the verbal noun snyflung (“mucus”)), from Proto-West Germanic *snuflijan, related to Old English snofl (“mucus”), ultimately from the root of snout. Akin to sniff, snuff. Compare sniffle.\nCognate with Middle Low German snuffelen, snüffelen (“to sniff, smell”), Danish snøvle (“to sniffle, snivel”), Norwegian Nynorsk snuvla (“to sniffle, snivel”), Swedish snövla (“to sniffle, snivel”).\nCompare typologically Russian сопе́ть (sopétʹ), сопля́ (sopljá) akinness.", + "sentence": "Uriah Heep gave a kind of snivel.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snivel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, chapter 42, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:" + }, + "contemptible": { + "definition": "Deserving contempt.", + "origin": "From Middle English contemptible, from Latin contemptibilis. By surface analysis, contempt + -ible.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contemptible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "altimeter": { + "definition": "An apparatus for measuring altitude.", + "origin": "Coined based on Latin altus (“high”) + -meter.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/altimeter", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jugular": { + "definition": "Any critical vulnerability.", + "origin": "Late 16th century borrowing from Late Latin jugulāris, from jugulum (“the collarbone; the hollow part of the neck above the collarbone; the throat”) + -āris (“-ar, -ary”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to jugulum + -ar.", + "sentence": "It was vicious; he went for the jugular.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jugular", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "insolent": { + "definition": "Insulting in manner or words, particularly in an arrogant or insubordinate manner.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *swé\nFrom Middle English, from Old French, from Latin īnsolēns (“unaccustomed, unwanted, unusual, immoderate, excessive, arrogant, insolent”), from in- (privative prefix) + solēns, present participle of solēre (“to be accustomed, to be wont”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/insolent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aura": { + "definition": "A distinctive atmosphere or quality surrounding or associated with something or someone.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ews-\nProto-Indo-European *-r\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éwsr̥h₂\nProto-Hellenic *auhrā\nAncient Greek αὔρα (aúra)bor.\nLatin auralbor.\nEnglish aura\nLearned borrowing from Latin aura (“a breeze, a breath of air, the air”), from Ancient Greek αὔρα (aúra, “breeze, soft wind”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”). Doublet of east, auster, air, and aria. Sense 4 originated in the early 2020s and was popularized on TikTok around May 2024.", + "sentence": "This place has an aura of 19th century Paris.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aura", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "propitious": { + "definition": "Characteristic of a good omen.", + "origin": "From Anglo-Norman and Old French propicius, from Latin propitius (“favorable, well-disposed, kind”). Compare French propice, Portuguese propício and Spanish propicio.", + "sentence": "Klein devotes much of her book to propitious signs that this can happen — indeed is happening.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/propitious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 November 6, Rob Nixon, “Naomi Klein’s ‘This Changes Everything’”, in New York Times:" + }, + "refuge": { + "definition": "A state of safety, protection or shelter.", + "origin": "From Middle English refuge, from Old French refuge, from Latin refugium, from re- + fugiō (“flee”). Doublet of refugium.", + "sentence": "But I in none of these / Find place or refuge.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/refuge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:" + }, + "shoal": { + "definition": "A sandbank or sandbar creating a shallow.", + "origin": "From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shoal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "perpendicularity": { + "definition": "The condition of being perpendicular.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perpendicular\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ts\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts\nLatin -itāsder.\nOld French -itebor.\nMiddle English -ite\nEnglish -ity\nEnglish perpendicularity\nFrom perpendicular + -ity.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perpendicularity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "antechamber": { + "definition": "A small room used as an entryway or reception area to a larger room.", + "origin": "From Middle French antichambre, with remodelling after ante- and chamber. By surface analysis, ante- + chamber.", + "sentence": "Perhaps the Ark is still waiting in some antechamber for us to discover.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antechamber", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1981, Lawrence Kasdan, Raiders of the Lost Ark, spoken by Belloq:" + }, + "jeopardy": { + "definition": "Danger of failure, harm, or loss.", + "origin": "From Middle English jupartie, jeupartie (“even chance”), from Anglo-Norman giu parti and Middle French jeu parti (“a divided game, i.e. an even game, an even chance”), from Medieval Latin iocus partītus (“an even chance, an alternative”), from Latin iocus (“jest, play, game”) + partītus, perfect passive participle of partiō (“divide”); see joke and party.", + "sentence": "The poor condition of the vehicle put its occupants in constant jeopardy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jeopardy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sauna": { + "definition": "A room or a house designed for heat sessions.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Finnish sauna. Possibly a doublet of stack.", + "sentence": "The hotel has a sauna in the basement.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sauna", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "conciliatory": { + "definition": "Willing to conciliate, or to make concessions.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conciliatory", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "animatronics": { + "definition": "A form of robotics used to create robots that produce preset moves and prerecorded sounds.", + "origin": "Blend of animation + electronics, from the Disney trademark \"Audio-Animatronics\". Compare -tronics.", + "sentence": "Claim that Armitage was not a real rat but an animatronics one that she had made in Science class.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/animatronics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012, David Walliams [pseudonym; David Edward Williams], Ratburger, London: HarperCollins Children’s Books, →ISBN:" + }, + "minimus": { + "definition": "The youngest pupil in a school having a particular surname.", + "origin": "From Latin minimus (“smallest”). See minim.", + "sentence": "Jones Minimus wants to join the rowing team.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/minimus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "senescent": { + "definition": "Growing old; decaying with the lapse of time.", + "origin": "From Latin senescens, present participle of senescere (“to grow old”), from senere (“to be old”), from senex (“old”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/senescent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aspirin": { + "definition": "A tablet containing this substance.", + "origin": "Genericized trademark of German Aspirin, from acetylierte Spirsäure (literally “acetylated spiraeic acid”). The trade name Aspirin is a registered trademark in some countries, but has entered the English language in generic usage, as various German trademarks were nullified in the United States after World War I (see also heroin).", + "sentence": "I got so worked up writing it that I had to take an aspirin and stop trembling after I finished.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aspirin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1965 January 31, Lou Sullivan, Diary:" + }, + "aptitude": { + "definition": "A natural ability to acquire knowledge or skill.", + "origin": "From Middle French aptitude, from Medieval Latin aptitudo, from Latin aptus (“apt, fit”). By surface analysis, apt + -itude. Doublet of attitude.", + "sentence": "She showed an early aptitude for mathematics.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aptitude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Chicana": { + "definition": "A female Chicano.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nFrench chicanebor.\nSpanish chicanabor.\nEnglish Chicana\nBorrowed from Spanish chicana.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chicana", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bilge": { + "definition": "The rounded portion of a ship's hull, forming a transition between the bottom and the sides.", + "origin": "Likely derived from bulge. Compare Middle English bulgen (“to ground or scuttle a ship”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bilge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "simultaneously": { + "definition": "Occurring at the same time.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish simultaneous\nProto-Indo-European *leyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *līkąder.\nProto-Germanic *-līkaz\nProto-Germanic *-ê\nProto-Germanic *-līkê\nProto-West Germanic *-līkē\nOld English -līċe\nMiddle English -ly\nEnglish -ly\nEnglish simultaneously\nFrom simultaneous + -ly.", + "sentence": "The cradle-rocking and the song would cease simultaneously for a moment, and an exclamation at highest vocal pitch would take the place of the melody.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/simultaneously", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 29:" + }, + "Copenhagen": { + "definition": "The capital city of Denmark.", + "origin": "From Low German Kopenhagen, a calque (perhaps modified by folk etymology) of Danish København. See also chapman, haven.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Copenhagen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Bunsen burner": { + "definition": "A small laboratory gas burner whose air supply may be controlled with an adjustable hole.", + "origin": "Named after German chemist and inventor Robert Bunsen, who invented the burner.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bunsen%20burner", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "defoliant": { + "definition": "An agent used to defoliate plants.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish defoliate\nLatin -ns\nLatin -āns\nOld French -antbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nProto-Germanic *-ndz\nProto-West Germanic *-andī\nOld English -ende\nMiddle English -ant\nEnglish -ant\nEnglish defoliant\nFrom defoliate + -ant.", + "sentence": "Agent Orange is a defoliant.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/defoliant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "aerosol": { + "definition": "A mixture of fine solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in a gaseous medium.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ews-\nProto-Indo-European *-r\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér\nProto-Hellenic *auhḗr\nAncient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr)\nAncient Greek ἀέρος (aéros)der.\nEnglish aero-\nProto-Indo-European *s(w)éder.\nLatin se-\nProto-Indo-European *lewh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éti\nProto-Indo-European *luh₁éti\nProto-Italic [Term?]\nLatin luō\nLatin solvō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin solūtiō\nLatin solūtiōnembor.\nOld French solucionbor.\nMiddle English solucioun\nEnglish solution\nEnglish sol\nEnglish aerosol\nFrom aero- + sol (“solution”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aerosol", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Ramadan": { + "definition": "The holy ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, during which Muslims fast between the break of dawn until sunset; they also refrain from drinking liquids, smoking and having sexual relations.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).", + "sentence": "Sizzling kebabs, delicious kheer and the ever popular haleem -it's a clear sign that Ramadan sure brings with it a culinary awakening.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ramadan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016 June 16, Nandita Ravi, “Fast and feast responsibly this Ramadan!”, in The Times of India, archived from the original on 25 Feb 2017:" + }, + "craquelure": { + "definition": "The distinctive pattern of hairline cracks in the surface of an old painting.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nFrench craqueler\nProto-Indo-European *-tew-?\nProto-Indo-European *-r-eh₂?\nLatin -(ā)tūram\nOld French -(ë)ure\nFrench -ure\nFrench craquelurebor.\nEnglish craquelure\nBorrowed from French craquelure.", + "sentence": "It was the robot, the one he’d given her, the pretty thing with the Dutch Master craquelure up its tuna-can skirts.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/craquelure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Cory Doctorow, Someone Comes to Town, Someone Leaves Town:" + }, + "malignant": { + "definition": "A deviant; a person who is hostile or destructive to society.", + "origin": "From Middle French malignant, from Late Latin malignans. See malign.", + "sentence": "A malignant in a position of real power immediately becomes a tyrant.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malignant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999, National Institute of Business Management, Difficult People at Work, →ISBN, page 8:" + }, + "Macao": { + "definition": "a former Portuguese colony in modern southern China between 1557 and 1999", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "The territory of Macao is made up of a small peninsula on the Chinese coast and two neighboring islands.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Macao", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1988, T. Jeff Williams, Macao, Chelsea House, page 15:" + }, + "divot": { + "definition": "A disruption in an otherwise smooth contour.", + "origin": "1530s, Scots divot (“turf”), also spelt devat, diffat, and the earliest form (1435), duvat(e), from Scottish Gaelic dubhad, a reduced form of dubh-fhàd, literally “black sod” (compare fàl (“turf, sod”)).", + "sentence": "I continue to make minimal but visible progress in the divot.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/divot", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, Aron Ralston, 127 Hours: Between a Rock and a Hard Place, Simon and Schuster, published 2011, page 68:" + }, + "silicon": { + "definition": "A nonmetallic element (symbol Si) with an atomic number of 14 and atomic weight of 28.0855.", + "origin": "Coined by Scottish chemist Thomas Thomson as a modification of the earlier name silicium, from the stem of Latin silex (“flint, silica”) + -on from carbon.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/silicon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Albuquerque": { + "definition": "A surname from Spanish.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish Albuquerque, from Latin albus (“white”) + quercus (“oak”) (white oak). Compare translingual Quercus alba.\n* (New Mexico): Borrowed from Spanish Alburquerque (a town in Spain), named after Spanish viceroy Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque (1619–1676).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Albuquerque", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Mumbai": { + "definition": "A megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India, also known as Bombay.", + "origin": "From Marathi मुंबई (mumbaī), from मुंबा (mumbā, “the goddess Mumba, the local mother goddess”) + आई (āī, “mother”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mumbai", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Trinidadian": { + "definition": "A person from Trinidad or descending from Trinidad.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Trinidad\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānusbor.\nEnglish -ian\nEnglish Trinidadian\nFrom Trinidad + -ian.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Trinidadian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "turquoise": { + "definition": "A sky-blue, greenish-blue, or greenish-gray semi-precious gemstone.", + "origin": "From Middle French turquoise, from Old French (pierre) turquoise (“Turkish (stone)”), from turc + -ois. The stone, mined near Nishapur in the Khorasan region of Persia, was originally brought to Europe through Turkey. Doublet of Turkish.\nCompare typologically copper (<< Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros, “Cyprus”)).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turquoise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nopales": { + "definition": "The leaves of a prickly pear cactus, as used in Mexican cooking.", + "origin": "From Spanish nopales, plural of nopal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nopales", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Assam": { + "definition": "A state in northeastern India. Capital: Dispur. Largest city: Guwahati.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Assamese অসম (oxom), of unclear origin, but generally agreed to be related to Ahom. More at Etymology of Assam on Wikipedia.Wikipedia", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Assam", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "conjunto": { + "definition": "A small Latin American musical ensemble, mainly in Mexico and Cuba.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conjunto", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "antimony": { + "definition": "A chemical element (symbol Sb, from Latin stibium) with an atomic number of 51: in its stable allotrope, a lustrous gray and very brittle metal.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin antimonium, attested in the 11th century; see also the Wikipedia section.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antimony", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Sumerian": { + "definition": "Of, from or pertaining to Sumer.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAkkadian 𒋗𒈨𒊒 (Šumeru)lbor.\nEnglish Sumer\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānusbor.\nEnglish -ian\nEnglish Sumerian\nFrom Sumer + -ian.", + "sentence": "Anyway, Sumerian culture—the society based on me—was another manifestation of the metavirus.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sumerian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, →ISBN, page 371:" + }, + "hypocaust": { + "definition": "An underfloor space or flue through which heat from a furnace passes to heat the floor of a room or a bath.", + "origin": "From Latin hypocaustum, from Ancient Greek ὑπόκαυστον (hupókauston), from Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “underneath”) + καυστόν (kaustón, “burnt offering”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypocaust", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Taoism": { + "definition": "A Chinese mystical philosophy traditionally founded by Lao-tzu in the 6th century B.C.E. that teaches conformity to the tao by wu wei, naturalness, and simplicity, long closely intertwined with Chinese folk religion and influenced by Buddhism, with which it shares five precepts.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Tao\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish Taoism\nFrom Tao + -ism.", + "sentence": "Taoism puts a significant emphasis on noninterference, imbuing the decision not to act with moral quality.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Taoism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022 Jan-Mar, Liam C. Butchart, “Taoism, bioethics, and the COVID-19 pandemic”, in Tzu Chi Medical Journal, volume 34, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 15 Jun 2022:" + }, + "avens": { + "definition": "A plant of the genus Geum, especially Geum urbanum, or herb bennet.", + "origin": "From Middle English avence, from Anglo-Norman avance, Old French avence, from Medieval Latin avencia (“a kind of clover”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avens", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "grebe": { + "definition": "Any of several waterbirds in the family Podicipedidae of the order Podicipediformes. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.", + "origin": "From French grèbe.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grebe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lymphoma": { + "definition": "A malignant tumor that arises in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissue.", + "origin": "From lymph, from Latin lympha (“water”) + -oma (“disease, morbidity”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lymphoma", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pipette": { + "definition": "A small tube, often with an enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, used for transferring or delivering measured quantities of a liquid.", + "origin": "From French pipette, from pipe + -ette.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pipette", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "scandium": { + "definition": "A metallic chemical element (symbol Sc), atomic number 21, obtained from some uranium ores; it is a transition element.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Scandia\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Italic *-om\nLatin -umder.\nEnglish -ium\nEnglish scandium\nFrom Scandia + -ium.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scandium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dendrochronology": { + "definition": "The science that uses the spacing between the annual growth rings of trees to date their exact year of formation.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dóruredup.\nProto-Indo-European *der-drew-om?\nAncient Greek δένδρον (déndron)\nEnglish dendr-\nEnglish dendro-\nAncient Greek χρόνος (khrónos)bor.\nEnglish chrono-\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *lóǵos\nProto-Hellenic *lógos\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin -logialbor.\nFrench -logiebor.\nEnglish -logy\nEnglish chronology\nEnglish dendrochronology\nFrom dendro- + chronology.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dendrochronology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "palomino": { + "definition": "A horse with a golden-colored coat and a white or cream-colored mane and tail.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish palomino, from paloma (“dove, pigeon”) + diminutive suffix -ino.", + "sentence": "I mount my palomino and ride off; his flaxen mane and tail are full of the wind.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/palomino", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009, Percival Everett, I Am Not Sidney Poitier, Influx Press, page 217:" + }, + "Macedonia": { + "definition": "An ancient Greek kingdom in Southeastern Europe in the Balkans, located to the north of Thessaly, comprising the Greek city of Thessaloniki and its surroundings.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía, “Macedonia”), from μακεδονία (makedonía, “highland”), from μακεδνός (makednós, “high, tall”). Doublet of macedoine.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Macedonia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "retinitis pigmentosa": { + "definition": "An inherited degenerative eye disease that causes severe vision impairment and often blindness.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/retinitis%20pigmentosa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "centrifuge": { + "definition": "A device in which a mixture of denser and lighter materials (normally dispersed in a liquid) is separated by being spun about a central axis at high speed.", + "origin": "From French centrifuge, from Latin centrum (“center”) + fugiō (“to flee”). Equivalent to centri- + -fuge.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/centrifuge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "haw": { + "definition": "To turn towards the driver, typically to the left.", + "origin": "Assumed to be interjectory, but compare Old English hawian (“to observe, look”)", + "sentence": "This horse won't haw when I tell him to.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/haw", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Tetrazzini": { + "definition": "An American dish usually including a non-red meat and a white sauce over spaghetti or some similar pasta.", + "origin": "After Luisa Tetrazzini, Italian opera singer.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tetrazzini", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "peplos": { + "definition": "An Ancient Greek garment, worn by women, formed of a tubular piece of cloth, which is folded back upon itself halfway down, until the top of the tube is worn around the waist, and the bottom covers the legs down to the ankles; the open top is then worn over the shoulders, and draped, in folds, down to the waist.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek πέπλος (péplos).", + "sentence": "An obvious question arises: what on earth can Herakles do with a peplos?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peplos", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990, David Martin Halperin, John J. Winkler, Froma I. Zeitlin, eds, Before Sexuality: The Construction of Erotic Experience in the Ancient Greek World:" + }, + "Pleiades": { + "definition": "An open cluster of hot blue stars in the constellation Taurus, and the most easily visible such cluster from Earth.", + "origin": "From Latin Pleiades, from Ancient Greek Πλειάδες (Pleiádes). In the astronomical sense, displaced Old English seofonstierre (literally “the seven stars”).", + "sentence": "The Pleiades and Hyades are sometimes spoken of as constellations, but this is a mistake; they are integral parts of Taurus.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pleiades", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1893, E. W. Bullinger, Witness of the Stars, London: The author, page 121:" + }, + "coccidiosis": { + "definition": "The disease caused by coccidian infection.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Their bodies were buried in the orchard, and it was given out that they had died of coccidiosis.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coccidiosis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1945, George Orwell, chapter VII, in Animal Farm:" + }, + "rooibos tea": { + "definition": "A beverage made from the rooibos plant.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "She departs to make a pot of rooibos tea.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rooibos%20tea", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018, Tsitsi Dangarembga, This Mournable Body, Faber & Faber (2020), page 175:" + }, + "Erlenmeyer flask": { + "definition": "A glass laboratory flask of a conical profile with a narrow tubular neck and a flat bottom, used to manipulate solutions or carry out titrations.", + "origin": "Named after German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer, who invented it in 1861.", + "sentence": "An assistant arrived with a wheeled cart bearing coffee in an Erlenmeyer flask, cups, and a plate of strange muffins.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Erlenmeyer%20flask", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 265:" + }, + "Versailles": { + "definition": "A city, suburb of Paris and capital of Yvelines department, Île-de-France, and the former capital of France.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French Versailles, of uncertain Latin origin (see French entry below), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn around”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Versailles", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Samian": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the island of Samos.", + "origin": "From Latin Samian, from Samos.", + "sentence": "Fill high the cup with Samian wine.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Samian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1819–1824, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London, (please specify |canto=I to XVII):" + }, + "meitnerium": { + "definition": "A transuranic chemical element (symbol Mt) with atomic number 109.", + "origin": "From Meitner + -ium; named for Lise Meitner.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meitnerium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "luciferin": { + "definition": "Any of a class of polycyclic heterocycles that are responsible for the bioluminescence of fireflies, being converted to oxyluciferin by luciferase in the process.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewk-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *léwks\nProto-Italic *louks\nLatin lūx\nProto-Indo-European *bʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰorós\nProto-Italic *-foros\nLatin -fer\nLatin lūcifer\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnusder.\nOld French -inbor.\nMiddle English -in\nEnglish -ineclip.\nEnglish -in\nEnglish luciferin\nFrom Latin lūcifer (“light bringer”) + English -in.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/luciferin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Okefenokee": { + "definition": "A shallow peat-filled wetland straddling the Georgia–Florida line in the United States.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okefenokee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "megaron": { + "definition": "The rectangular great hall in a Mycenaean building, usually supported with pillars.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μέγαρον (mégaron).", + "sentence": "Megaron C had gone through a period of use and a complete reconstruction before the Painted House was built.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/megaron", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1980, Machteld J. Mellink, “VII. Archaic Wall Paintings from Gordion”, in Keith DeVries, editor, From Athens to Gordion: The Papers of a Memorial Symposium for Rodney S. Young, page 91:" + }, + "Shaanxi": { + "definition": "A province of China, including the Wei River valley and the fertile southern half of the Ordos Loop, comprising much of the Loess Plateau. Capital: Xi'an.", + "origin": "From a modified form of the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Chinese 陝西 /陕西 (Shǎnxī, “West of the Shan [Pass]”).\nThe double-a spelling, used certainly to avoid homography with Shanxi (山西, of shān rather than shǎn), is not a feature of Hanyu Pinyin and cannot be observed outside reference to Shaanxi (see also: Ningshaan, Shaanbei, Shaan-Gan-Ning, Shaanzhong). It is likely inherited from the pre-Pinyin Latinxua Sin Wenz system devised and employed by Communist linguists, which was toneless and employed \"irregular spellings\" for undesirable homographs. The pairs Shaansi (陝西 /陕西) and Shansi (山西) appear (for the first time?) in the influential Sin Wenz primer 《中國話寫法拉丁化——理論·原則·方案》 (1935).\nAn alternative theory is that the double-a spelling is from the Gwoyeu Romatzyh romanization system, where the third tone is spelled by doubling a vowel (Shaanshi 陝西 /陕西 vs. Shanshi 山西), but this is less likely considering the history of Gwoyeu Romatzyh and Sin Wenz, including the political and ideological rivalry between the two systems.", + "sentence": "In this special case, one of the provinces is now spelled \"Shaanxi\", to indicate a different tone in the first syllable.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Shaanxi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1979 March 5, Jay Mathews, “China Is China, But Hangchow Is Hangzhou”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 29 Dec 2023:" + }, + "pronaos": { + "definition": "The inner area of the portico of a Greek or Roman temple", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek πρόναος (prónaos, “vestibule of a church”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pronaos", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "a posteriori": { + "definition": "Involving induction of theories from facts.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ā posteriōrī (“involving reasoning from effect to cause, from experience to theory”, literally “from what follows”). Popularized from the 19th century in reference to the work of Immanuel Kant.", + "sentence": "What Locke calls \"knowledge\" they have called \"a priori knowledge\"; what he calls \"opinion\" or \"belief\" they have called \"a posteriori\" or \"empirical knowledge\".", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/a%20posteriori", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1988, R. S. Woolhouse, The empiricists, Oxford University Press:" + }, + "ab aeterno": { + "definition": "From time immemorial; from an infinitely remote point in the past.", + "origin": "Borrowed from New Latin ab aeternō.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ab%20aeterno", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "abraum": { + "definition": "A red ocher used to darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium.", + "origin": "From German abräumen (“to remove”), from ab (“from”) (Old High German aba (“away”)) + raum (“space”) (Old High German rūm).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abraum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "acacia": { + "definition": "A shrub or tree of the tribe Acacieae.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEgyptian kkw\nDemotic Egyptian kky\nCoptic ⲭⲁⲕⲓ (khaki)bor.\nAncient Greek ἀκᾰκίᾱ (akăkíā)der.\nLatin acāciabor.\nEnglish acacia\nFrom Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía, “shittah tree”), either from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) (compare ἀκή (akḗ, “point”)) or more likely a Pre-Greek word. First attested before 1398. Doublet of cassie.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acacia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ague": { + "definition": "An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits.", + "origin": "From Middle English agu, ague, borrowed from Middle French (fievre) aguë, “acute (fever)” (Modern French fièvre aiguë), from Late Latin (febris) acuta (“acute fever”), from Latin acūtus (“sharp, acute”) + febris (“fever”).\nDoublet of acute.", + "sentence": "Ague and lake fever had attacked our new settlement.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ague", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1852, Susanna Moodie, Roughing it in the Bush: or, Forest Life in Canada:" + }, + "ahimsa": { + "definition": "A doctrine of non-violence, concerned with the sacredness of all living things and an effort to avoid causing harm to them.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Sanskrit अहिंसा (ahiṃsā).", + "sentence": "This, in essence, is the Jain doctrine of ahimsa – a direct inversion of Vedic beliefs about the sustaining powers of animal sacrifice.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahimsa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, published 2017, page 9:" + }, + "ahuatle": { + "definition": "corixid eggs used in Mexican cuisine", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahuatle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Ahuehuete": { + "definition": "A Montezuma cypress (Taxodium mucronatum)", + "origin": "From Spanish ahuehuete.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahuehuete", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Ahura Mazda": { + "definition": "The divinity exalted by Zoroaster as the one uncreated Creator, or God.", + "origin": "Transliteration of Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬁 (ahura mazdā). Doublet of Aramazd and Hormuz.", + "sentence": "A relief sculpture of Ahura Mazda stands among the ruins of Persepolis in Iran.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ahura%20Mazda", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, Jeffrey Brodd, World Religions 2003: A Voyage of Discovery, page 181:" + }, + "ailette": { + "definition": "A small square piece of armour, normally made of boiled leather, worn on the shoulders of knights.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French ailette, diminutive of aile (“wing”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ailette", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aistopod": { + "definition": "A snake-like amphibian from the order Aistopoda.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aistopod", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "acerola": { + "definition": "Any tree of species Malpighia glabra, of the West Indies and northern South America.", + "origin": "From Spanish acerola. Doublet of azarole.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acerola", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "acetaminophen": { + "definition": "A white crystalline compound used in medicine as an anodyne to relieve pain and reduce fever.", + "origin": "A shortening of the chemical name para-acetylaminophenol. By surface analysis, acet- + amino- + -phen.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acetaminophen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "acetone": { + "definition": "A colourless, volatile, flammable liquid ketone, (CH₃)₂CO, used as a solvent.", + "origin": "From acet- from acētum (“vinegar”). The -one was taken from margarone but further etymology is unclear. Doublet of ketone.", + "sentence": "You open the salon door and the acetone from yesterday’s manicures immediately stings my nostrils.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acetone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 81:" + }, + "acharya": { + "definition": "an individual who practices or is knowledgeable on any of the prevalent disciplines of customs, learning, rituals, arts, traditions, schools etc., especially one imparting them into pupils.", + "origin": "From Sanskrit आचार (ācāra, “Practice and Discipline”) Sanskrit आर्य (ārya, “Virtuous and Reverend”) Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “Practitioner and Teacher”). Doublet of ajari.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acharya", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Achernar": { + "definition": "The primary component of the binary system Alpha Eridani.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Achernar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "acicula": { + "definition": "One of the needlelike or bristlelike spines or prickles of some animals and plants; also, a needlelike crystal.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin acicula (“pin for a head-dress”)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acicula", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "acoel": { + "definition": "Any of the order Acoela of xenacoelomorphs that resemble flatworms and were originally classified as such.", + "origin": "From group name Acoela, from Ancient Greek ἄκοιλος (ákoilos, “not hollow”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acoel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "acrogeria": { + "definition": "The appearance of senility in the hands or feet.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acrogeria", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "acropachy": { + "definition": "A medical condition characterized by subperiosteal formation of new bone, most commonly manifesting as clubbing of the fingers and toes with soft tissue swelling.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acropachy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ad nauseam": { + "definition": "Having been done or repeated so often that it has become annoying or tiresome.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin ad nauseam, from ad (“to”) + nauseam (“sea-sickness, sickness, nausea”), accusative of nausea.", + "sentence": "A drunk person was repeating the same old story ad nauseam.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ad%20nauseam", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "adiabatic": { + "definition": "Without gain or loss of heat (and thus with no change in entropy, in the quasistatic approximation).", + "origin": "19th-century coinage (introduced by W. J. M. Rankine in the 1860s) based on Ancient Greek ἀδιάβατος (adiábatos, “impassable”), used of terrain (rivers, forests) by Xenophon, from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + διά (diá, “through”) + βατός (batós, “passable”), from βαίνω (baínō, “to go”).", + "sentence": "Talk of dynamic compression and adiabatic gradients didn't carry as much weight as the certainty of its conscious intent.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adiabatic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, page 737:" + }, + "adieu": { + "definition": "Said to wish a final farewell; goodbye.", + "origin": "From Middle English adieu also adew, adewe, adue, from Old French adieu (“to God”), a shortening of a Dieu vous comant (“I commend you to God”), from Medieval Latin ad Deum (“to God”). Doublet of adios.", + "sentence": "Contempt, farewell! and maiden pride, adieu!", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adieu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:" + }, + "adscititious": { + "definition": "Derived or acquired from something extrinsic; not part of the real, inherent, or essential nature of a thing.", + "origin": "From Latin adscitus, from past participle of adscisco (“admit”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adscititious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Aegilops": { + "definition": "An ulcer or fistula in the inner angle of the eye.", + "origin": "From Latin aegilōps, from Ancient Greek αἰγίλωψ (aigílōps, “haver-grass (Aegilops neglecta)”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aegilops", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aegrotat": { + "definition": "A certificate indicating that a student is ill, excusing attendance at lectures and examinations and allowing courses to be passed without finishing the work.", + "origin": "UK 19th century. Latin aegrotat, literally “he/she is ill”, third-person singular present active indicative form of aegrōtō.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aegrotat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aerophilatelic": { + "definition": "Of or relating to aerophilately.", + "origin": "From aero- + philatelic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aerophilatelic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "affiche": { + "definition": "A written or printed notice to be posted, as on a wall; a poster; a placard.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nOld French a-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ-der.\nProto-Italic *feigʷō\nLatin fīvō\nLatin fīgō\nLatin -ic-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nVulgar Latin *fīgicāre\nOld French fichier\nOld French afichier\nMiddle French\nFrench afficherdeverb.\nFrench affichebor.\nEnglish affiche\nBorrowed from French affiche.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affiche", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ageusia": { + "definition": "Absence of the sense of taste.", + "origin": "From a- (negative prefix) + Ancient Greek γεῦσις (geûsis, “taste”) + -ia. See also γεύω (geúō, “to taste”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ageusia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "agitprop": { + "definition": "Political propaganda disseminated through art, drama, literature, etc., especially communist propaganda; (specifically, communism, historical) such propaganda formerly disseminated by the Department for Agitation and Propaganda of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.", + "origin": "The noun is borrowed from Russian агитпро́п (agitpróp, “agitprop”), Агитпро́п (Agitpróp, “Agitprop (Department for Agitation and Propaganda of the Soviet Union)”), short for отде́л агитации и пропаганды (otdél agitacii i propagandy, “Department for Agitation and Propaganda”); analysable as a blend of agitation + propaganda.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "Like most pieces of agitprop, the Lucas and Sargent paper vastly overstated the deficiencies of the old order.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agitprop", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2024, Jeremy B. Rudd, A Practical Guide to Macroeconomics, page 2:" + }, + "Aglaia": { + "definition": "The youngest of the three Graces, daughter of Zeus and Eurynome, spouse of Hephaestus.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek Ἀγλαΐα (Aglaḯa, from ἀγλαΐα (aglaḯa, “splendour, beauty”)). It has the same Indo-European root as γελάω (geláō, “to laugh”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aglaia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "agrypnia": { + "definition": "Persistent loss of sleep; insomnia; sleeplessness.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἀγρυπνία (agrupnía, “sleeplessness, vigilance”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agrypnia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Aitutakian": { + "definition": "Of or relating to the island of Aitutaki.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aitutakian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "anosognosia": { + "definition": "The inability of a person to recognize their own illness or handicap.", + "origin": "From a- (“not”) + noso- (“disease”) + -gnosia (“knowledge”), from Ancient Greek ἁ- (ha-) + νόσος (nósos) + γνῶσις (gnôsis).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anosognosia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aperçu": { + "definition": "A clever or insightful distillation; an aphorism.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French aperçu. Compare with English apperception.", + "sentence": "In this place you can go to a year's worth of dinner parties without hearing anyone quote an aperçu he first heard on Charlie Rose.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aper%C3%A7u", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2001 December, David Brooks, “One Nation, Slightly Divisible”, in Michael Kelly, editor, The Atlantic Monthly, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 04 Sep 2023:" + }, + "ajimez": { + "definition": "A bifora, in Spanish Moorish architecture.", + "origin": "From Spanish ajimez.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ajimez", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "akaryote": { + "definition": "akaryocyte", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/akaryote", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "alate": { + "definition": "Having wings or winglike extensions or parts; winged.", + "origin": "From Latin ālātus, from āla (“wing”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "alcarraza": { + "definition": "a jug, pitcher, etc. made of porous earthenware.", + "origin": "From Spanish alcarraza, from Arabic الكُرَّاز (al-kurrāz), from Aramaic כרז / כרוז (“a type of container”), possibly from Akkadian 𒆳𒍣𒍝𒆪 (/⁠kurziza, kurzizakku⁠/, “a basket, container”), from Sumerian 𒄥𒋛𒁲 (/⁠gursisa⁠/, “basket, container”, literally “normal or standard 𒄥 (gur)”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alcarraza", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Alfvén": { + "definition": "A surname from Swedish.", + "origin": "From Swedish Alfvén.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Alfv%C3%A9n", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "alleluiatic": { + "definition": "Pertaining to or consisting of an alleluia.", + "origin": "From Late Latin alleluiaticus, from Latin alleluia.", + "sentence": "In de Officiis, Isidore described laudes as an alleluiatic chant.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alleluiatic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, Gregory W Woolfenden, Daily Liturgical Prayer, page 231:" + }, + "allochroous": { + "definition": "Changed in color, as plumage after moulting", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἀλλόχροος (allókhroos, “changed in color”) (from ἄλλος (állos) + χρώς (khrṓs, “color”)) + -ous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/allochroous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "altazimuth": { + "definition": "A telescope or surveying instrument that has a mount permitting both horizontal and vertical rotation.", + "origin": "Blend of altitude + azimuth.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/altazimuth", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "amaryllis": { + "definition": "A similar lily in genus Hippeastrum, such as Hippeastrum puniceum, and cultivars.", + "origin": "From Latin Amaryllis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amaryllis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "amour propre": { + "definition": "Self-regard, self-esteem.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French amour-propre.", + "sentence": "How he hated and how he loved the lilt in her voice, the bounce in her step, the serenity of her amour propre!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amour%20propre", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2001, Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections:" + }, + "amuse-gueule": { + "definition": "amuse-bouche; appetizer", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amuse-gueule", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "anaphylaxis": { + "definition": "A severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction to an allergen, causing a constriction of the trachea, preventing breathing; anaphylactic shock.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French anaphylaxie, coined by French physiologist and parapsychologist Charles Richet and French zoologist Paul Portier from the Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ- (ănă-, “(intensifier) thoroughly”) from ᾰ̓νᾰ́ (ănắ, “to, again, upon”) and φύλαξις (phúlaxis, “protection, watching, guarding”).", + "sentence": "He said a bite could send someone into anaphylaxis, which is a narrowing of the airways and lowering of blood pressure, within minutes.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anaphylaxis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 August 16, Rylee Kirk, quoting William Sutton, “Hiker in Tennessee Who Picked Up a Venomous Snake Dies After Being Bitten”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 16 Aug 2025:" + }, + "anathema": { + "definition": "Something which is vehemently disliked by somebody.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂en-\nProto-Hellenic *aná\nAncient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ́ (ănắ)\nAncient Greek ἀνα- (ana-)\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek ἀνᾰτίθημῐ (anătíthēmĭ)\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Hellenic *-mə\nAncient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)\nAncient Greek ἀνάθεμα (anáthema)bor.\nLate Latin anathemabor.\nEnglish anathema\nBorrowed from Late Latin anathema (“curse, person cursed, offering”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάθεμα (anáthema, “something dedicated, especially dedicated to eternal damnation”), from ἀνατίθημι (anatíthēmi, “to set upon, offer as a votive gift”), from ἀνά (aná, “upon”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put, place”). The Ancient Greek term was influenced by Hebrew חרם (herem), leading to the sense of \"accursed,\" especially in Ecclesiastical writers.", + "sentence": "Even three years ago, the thought of spending two hours, let alone a whole day, without my mobile would have been anathema.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anathema", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015 January 18, Monty Munford, “What’s the point of carrying a mobile phone nowadays?”, in The Daily Telegraph:" + }, + "andouille": { + "definition": "A spiced, heavily smoked Cajun pork sausage, often made from the entire gastrointestinal system of the pig.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French andouille, ultimately from Latin indūcō (“to lead in, to bring in”). Doublet of nduja.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/andouille", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "angiitis": { + "definition": "A condition where blood or lymph vessels are inflamed.", + "origin": "From angi- + -itis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/angiitis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aniseikonia": { + "definition": "An ophthalmological condition where there is a significant difference in the perceived size of images.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aniseikonia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Anno Hegirae": { + "definition": "In the year of the Hijra (counted by the Islamic calendar).", + "origin": "From the Latin annō Hegirae (“in the year of the Hijra”), from annō (“in the year”) (the ablative of annus (“year”)) + Hegirae (“of the Hijra”) (genitive of Hegira (“the Hijra”)). Formed in imitation of the Christian Anno Domini.", + "sentence": "This valuable manuscript was copied Anno Hegirae 1100 (a.d. 1688).", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Anno%20Hegirae", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1859, Guillaume Libri, Catalogue of the extraordinary collection of splendid manuscripts, page 154:" + }, + "apocryphal": { + "definition": "Of doubtful authenticity, or lacking authority; not regarded as canonical.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish apocrypha\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish apocryphal\nFrom apocrypha + -al.", + "sentence": "Many scholars consider the stories of the monk Teilo to be apocryphal.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apocryphal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "apophyge": { + "definition": "A curvature found on the top or bottom of certain columns.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἀποφυγή (apophugḗ), from ἀπο- (apo-, “away”) and φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apophyge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Apostolici": { + "definition": "Any of various Christian heretics whose common doctrinal feature was an ascetic rigidity of morals, which made them reject property and marriage.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Apostolici", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "appetitost": { + "definition": "A Danish cheese made from sour buttermilk.", + "origin": "From Danish appetitost: appetit (“appetite”) + ost (“cheese”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/appetitost", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Aramaic": { + "definition": "An Aramean.", + "origin": "From Latin Aramaicus, from Ancient Greek Ἀραμαϊκός (Aramaïkós), itself a calque of Aramaic ܐܪܡܝܐ / אָרָמָיָא (ʾārāmāyā, “Aramean”) using Ἀράμ f (Arám, “Aram”, the name of a land originally covering central regions of what is now Syria) (from Aramaic ܐܪܡ / ארם (ʾarām)) + -ικός (-ikós, adjective suffix) (compare with Ἀραμαῖος (Aramaîos, “Aramean”), and the latter with Χαναναῖος (Khananaîos, “Chananean”), from Χαναάν f (Khanaán, “Canaan”) + -αῖος (-aîos)). By surface analysis, Aram + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aramaic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "arenaceous": { + "definition": "Sandy; characterised by sand.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin arēnāceus, from arēna (“sand”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arenaceous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "aretalogy": { + "definition": "A form of sacred biography in which a deity's attributes are listed, in the form of poem or text, in the first person.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἀρετή (aretḗ, “virtue”) + -logy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aretalogy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ascites": { + "definition": "An accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, frequently symptomatic of liver disease.", + "origin": "From Latin ascītēs, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀσκίτης (askítēs), from ἀσκός (askós, “wineskin”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ascites", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "astaxanthin": { + "definition": "A xanthophyll pigment that occurs widely in plants and animals, especially crustaceans.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astaxanthin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Asura": { + "definition": "One of the power-seeking deities involved in constant conflict with the more benevolent Devas.", + "origin": "Transliteration of Sanskrit असुर (asura). Doublet of Ahura and Æsir.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Asura", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "asylee": { + "definition": "A non-citizen of a country who has been granted asylum in that country.", + "origin": "From asylum + -ee.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/asylee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "attacca": { + "definition": "Without any break between the current movement and the next movement of the work.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nItalian a-\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *trísinflu.\nProto-Indo-European *d(w)is-\nProto-Italic *dis-\nLatin dis-\nOld French des-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)teyg-\nProto-Germanic *stikaną\nProto-West Germanic *stekander.\nOld French atachier\nOld French destachier\nMiddle French destacherbor.\nItalian distaccare\nItalian staccare\nItalian attaccarebor.\nEnglish attacca\nBorrowed from Italian attaccare (“to attach”).", + "sentence": "They played the remaining sections attacca.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/attacca", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "au courant": { + "definition": "Up to date; informed about the latest developments; abreast.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French au courant (literally “to the current”).", + "sentence": "As Hemingway once noted, Paris is an old city—and so even a 1946 film looks au courant: part of the aesthetic air.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/au%20courant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 October 23, Meghan O’Rourke, “Watching American Movies in Paris”, in The Atlantic:" + }, + "au jus": { + "definition": "Jus: a gravy served in or with a meat dish and made from its juices.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French au jus (“in the juice”).", + "sentence": "In supper clubs, a London broil often comes sliced and served on toasted bread with an au jus.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/au%20jus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020, Megan Bannister, Iowa Supper Clubs, Arcadia Publishing, →ISBN, page 106:" + }, + "avgolemono": { + "definition": "Any of a family of Mediterranean sauces and soups made with egg and lemon juice mixed with broth.", + "origin": "From Greek αβγολέμονο /αυγολέμονο (avgolémono), from αβγό /αυγό (avgó, “egg”) + λεμόνι (lemóni, “lemon”).", + "sentence": "Fish may be poached and the liquor used to make an avgolemono sauce.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avgolemono", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2009, Margaret Fulton, Avgolemono: Margaret Fulton's Encyclopedia of Food and Cookery, page 17:" + }, + "azulejo": { + "definition": "A painted tin-glazed ceramic tile of a kind found in Spain and Portugal, often arranged to form geometric patterns.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-der.?\nClassical Persian لاژورد (Lāžvard)\nClassical Persian لَاجَوَرْد (lājaward)bor.\nArabic لَازُوَرْد (lāzuward)\nAndalusian Arabic [Term?]bor.\nOld Spanish azur\nSpanish azul\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -culus\nSpanish -ejo\nSpanish azulejobor.\nEnglish azulejo\nBorrowed from Spanish azulejo. or Borrowed from Portuguese azulejo.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/azulejo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bobolink": { + "definition": "An American migratory songbird (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), resembling a blackbird with the bill of a finch.", + "origin": "Imitative of its song. Compare Bob Lincoln.", + "sentence": "Lethe in my flower / Of which they who drink / In the fadeless orchards / Hear the bobolink.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bobolink", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "a. 1887 (date written), Emily Dickinson, “(please specify the chapter or poem)”, in M[abel] L[oomis] Todd and M[illicent] T[odd] Bingham, editors, Bolts of Melody, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, published 1945, page 330:" + }, + "baccate": { + "definition": "Pulpy throughout, like a berry; said of fruits.", + "origin": "From Latin baccātus (“set or adorned with berries or pearls”), from bacca (“berry; pearl”) + -ātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baccate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Boise": { + "definition": "A river in Idaho; flowing 102 miles from the confluence of the North and Middle forks in the Sawtooth Range into the Snake near Parma.", + "origin": "From French la rivière boisée (“the wooded river”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Boise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bagwyn": { + "definition": "An imaginary heraldic animal, like an antelope but with the tail of a horse and two curved horns.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bagwyn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Bolognese": { + "definition": "A native or inhabitant of the city of Bologna, capital and largest city of Emilia-Romagna, Italy, or the surrounding metropolitan city.", + "origin": "From Italian bolognese.", + "sentence": "The Bologneſe are very frugal in their Pronunciation; they ſeldom give you above half the Word.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bolognese", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1730, Edward Wright, “Bologna”, in Some Observations Made in Travelling through France, Italy, &c. in the Years 1720, 1721, and 1722, London: […] Tho. Ward and E. Wicksteed, […], page 444:" + }, + "boniface": { + "definition": "The proprietor of a hotel or restaurant; an innkeeper.", + "origin": "After Boniface, the innkeeper in George Farquhar's 1707 comedic play The Beaux' Stratagem.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boniface", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bahuvrihi": { + "definition": "A type of nominal compound in which the first part modifies the second but neither part alone conveys the intended meaning.", + "origin": "Transliteration of Sanskrit बहुव्रीहि (bahuvrīhi, “rich, wealthy”, literally “(possessing) much rice”), itself an example of a bahuvrihi.", + "sentence": "It would therefore not be surprising if unambiguous bahuvrihi morphology were to be used occasionally in a governing compound.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bahuvrihi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1986, Alan J[effrey] Nussbaum, Head and Horn in Indo-European (Untersuchungen zur indogermanischen Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft [Studies in Indo-European Language and Culture], New Series; 2), Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 273:" + }, + "bailiwick": { + "definition": "A person's concern or sphere of operations, their area of skill or authority.", + "origin": "From bailie (“bailiff”) and wick (“dwelling”), from Old English wīc.", + "sentence": "I established the fairly well-understood pattern that affairs of state were not in my bailiwick.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bailiwick", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Eleanor Roosevelt, The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt:" + }, + "Bosc": { + "definition": "A particular cultivar of pear.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bosc", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "balata": { + "definition": "Manilkara bidentata, a large South American tree that yields latex and edible yellow berries.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish balatá.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/balata", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bouclé": { + "definition": "A fabric knitted or woven of uneven yarn with a surface of loops and curls.", + "origin": "From French bouclé, from boucler (“to buckle”).", + "sentence": "Argent’s Metropolitan line was a sound investment, with its chemically treated bouclé cushions and Airform core.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boucl%C3%A9", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021, Colson Whitehead, Harlem Shuffle, Fleet, page 18:" + }, + "balbriggan": { + "definition": "An unbleached, knitted, cotton fabric mostly used for underwear.", + "origin": "From Balbriggan, a place in Ireland.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/balbriggan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "boudin": { + "definition": "A structure formed by boudinage: one or a series of elongated, sausage-shaped section(s) in rock.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French boudin. Doublet of pudding. Cf. also poutine.", + "sentence": "The blocks do not penetrate the leucogneiss foliation that surrounds them, and the result is a single boudin with a composite core.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boudin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1995, Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences:" + }, + "bouillon": { + "definition": "A clear seasoned broth made by simmering usually light meat, such as beef or chicken.", + "origin": "First attested 1656, from French bouillon, from the verb bouillir (“to boil”), from Old French boillir, from Latin bullīre (“to bubble, boil”), from bulla (“bubble”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bouillon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "banh mi": { + "definition": "A Vietnamese sandwich, typically served on a baguette, and somewhat resembling a submarine sandwich.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Vietnamese bánh mì (“bread; sandwich”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/banh%20mi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "boulevardier": { + "definition": "A man who frequents the boulevards; thus, a man about town or bon vivant.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French boulevardier, from boulevard + -ier.", + "sentence": "Sitting alone at his window-seat, he was like an old boulevardier fallen on hard times, waspish, inward, slothful.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boulevardier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1977, John Le Carré, The Honourable Schoolboy, Folio Society, published 2010, page 20:" + }, + "Barnumesque": { + "definition": "Reminiscent of P. T. Barnum (1810–1891), American showman and businessman remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and for founding a circus.", + "origin": "From Barnum + -esque.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Barnumesque", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "boutade": { + "definition": "A sudden outbreak or outburst; a caprice, a whim.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French boutade, from bouter (“to thrust”). See butt.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boutade", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Bartókian": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to Hungarian composer and pianist Béla Bartók (1881–1945).", + "origin": "From Hungarian Bartók + -ian.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bart%C3%B3kian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "boutonniere": { + "definition": "A small flower or bunch of flowers worn in a buttonhole or pinned to the lapel of a jacket.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nFrench bouton\nFrench -ière\nFrench boutonnièrebor.\nEnglish boutonniere\nBorrowed from French boutonnière.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boutonniere", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bozzetto": { + "definition": "A small scale model used to make a larger sculpture.", + "origin": "From Italian bozzetto.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bozzetto", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bas-relief": { + "definition": "A low or mostly-flat sculpture which is carved into a wall, or is in the form of a tile mounted flat to a wall, rather than a fully three-dimensional, free-standing figure.", + "origin": "From French bas-relief, from Italian bassorilievo, compound of basso (“low”) + rilievo (“relief”), from Latin relevare (“to raise up, make light”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bas-relief", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Braeburn": { + "definition": "A red crispy apple originating in New Zealand.", + "origin": "Named after Braeburn Orchard, Nelson, New Zealand, where the variety was first developed.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Braeburn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "batamote": { + "definition": "seepwillow", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish batamote", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/batamote", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "brouhaha": { + "definition": "A stir; a fuss or uproar.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French brouhaha, though its earlier origin is disputed. Possibly from Hebrew בָּרוּךְ הַבָּא (barúkh habá, “welcome”, literally “blessed is he who comes”).", + "sentence": "It caused quite a brouhaha when the school suspended one of its top students for refusing to adhere to the dress code.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brouhaha", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "battue": { + "definition": "A form of hunting in which game is forced into the open by the beating of sticks on bushes, etc.", + "origin": "From French battue, ultimately from Latin battere. Doublet of battuta, which arrived via Italian.", + "sentence": "Traditionalists took exception to the extensive slaughter that the grand battue hunt might involve and railed against the introduction of this 'abominable Gallic System'.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/battue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, Emma Griffin, “A New Era Dawns”, in Blood Sport: Hunting in Britain since 1066, New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 120:" + }, + "brume": { + "definition": "Mist, fog, vapour.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *mréǵʰusder.\nProto-Italic *breɣʷis\nLatin brevis\nLatin brūmabor.\nOld French brume\nFrench brumebor.\nEnglish brume\nBorrowed from French brume, from Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”). Brūma is derived from brevima, brevissima (“shortest”), the superlative of brevis (“brief; short”) (the winter solstice being the shortest day of the year), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”).", + "sentence": "For, shou'd you come before the Brume's abated / Th' Opime you'd linquish for the Macerated.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brume", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1737, François Rabelais, “Book V”, in Peter Anthony Motteux, Sir Thomas Urquhart, transl., The Works of Mr. Francois Rabelais […] , volume 2, Navarre Society, published 1921, page 438:" + }, + "bruschetta": { + "definition": "A light Italian dish of toasted bread with a topping of olive oil, garlic and chopped tomatoes.", + "origin": "From Italian bruschetta, from bruscare (“to toast”).", + "sentence": "She fished a napkin out of the basket and put the slice of bruschetta on it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bruschetta", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018, Cerella Sechrist, The Way Back to Erin, Harlequin, →ISBN:" + }, + "bauxite": { + "definition": "The principal ore of aluminium; a clay-like mineral, being a mixture of hydrated oxides and hydroxides.", + "origin": "Derived from the name of Les Baux in France, plus + -ite. The /ks/ in the English pronunciation is from a spelling pronunciation.", + "sentence": "A thin red stream poured down one of the rises, snaking its way around trees; a river turned red with bauxite?", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bauxite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021, Leone Ross, This One Sky Day, Faber & Faber Limited, page 152:" + }, + "buccal": { + "definition": "Of, relating to, near, involving, or supplying the cheek.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nCelticbor.?\nLatin bucca\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish buccal\nFrom Latin bucca (“the cheek”) + -al. By surface analysis, bucc- + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buccal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bavardage": { + "definition": "chatter, banter", + "origin": "Borrowed from French bavardage.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bavardage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Beauceron": { + "definition": "A large dog bred in Northern France for herding and guarding.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Beauceron", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Bunyanesque": { + "definition": "Reminiscent of the allegorical writings of John Bunyan (1628–1688), English Christian writer and preacher, best known for The Pilgrim's Progress.", + "origin": "From Bunyan + -esque.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bunyanesque", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Bêche-de-Mer": { + "definition": "Bislama (language).", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/B%C3%AAche-de-Mer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "becquerel": { + "definition": "In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radioactive activity; the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. Symbol: Bq", + "origin": "Borrowed from French becquerel. Named after the French physicist Henri Becquerel.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/becquerel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Beowulf": { + "definition": "An Anglo-Saxon personal name, usually with reference to the hero of the poem, or to the poem itself.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Old English Bēowulf, probably equivalent to bee + wolf, though the first element is uncertain.", + "sentence": "Beowulf is as great a hero as Sigmund.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Beowulf", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "berceuse": { + "definition": "A composition that resembles a lullaby, often in 6/8 time.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nFrench bercer\nFrench -euse\nFrench berceusebor.\nEnglish berceuse\nBorrowed from French berceuse.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/berceuse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Bernoulli effect": { + "definition": "In a flowing fluid, the occurrence of what is stated by Bernoulli's principle.", + "origin": "After Daniel Bernoulli.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bernoulli%20effect", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bêtise": { + "definition": "silliness, folly, stupidity", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French bêtise.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/b%C3%AAtise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "betony": { + "definition": "Any plant of the genus Stachys.", + "origin": "From Middle English betayny, betanie, from Medieval Latin betōnia (possibly through Old French), from Latin betōnica or ve(t)tōnica, from Vettones, a people in Lusitania. Compare French bétoine.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/betony", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bhangra": { + "definition": "A lively style of music originating from India.", + "origin": "From Punjabi ਭੰਗੜਾ (bhaṅgṛā) / بَھن٘گْڑا (bhaṉgṛā), from ਭੰਗ / بَھن٘گ (bhaṉg, “hemp”) + ـڑا (-ṛā).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bhangra", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "bibelot": { + "definition": "A bauble, knickknack or trinket.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French bibelot.", + "sentence": "Barbara's glance now falls on the bibelot, which she picks up.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bibelot", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1960, Arthur Kober, George Oppenheimer, A Mighty Man is He, Dramatists Play Service, page 31:" + }, + "bibimbap": { + "definition": "A Korean dish of white rice topped with vegetables, beef, a whole egg, and gochujang (chili pepper paste).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Korean 비빔밥 (bibimbap).", + "sentence": "She'd made bibimbap with beansprouts, minced beef, and pre-soaked rice stir-fried in sesame oil.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bibimbap", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015, Han Kang, translated by Deborah Smith, The Vegetarian, Granta, published 2018, page 15:" + }, + "bisbigliando": { + "definition": "Tremolo produced by a bowed or plucked string instrument such as a harp.", + "origin": "From Italian bisbigliando (“whispering”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bisbigliando", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "blatherskite": { + "definition": "A voluble purveyor of nonsense; a blusterer.", + "origin": "From blather + skite (“shit, shite”). Alternatively the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary asserts that the word is of Scottish origin, with blather/blether + skate referring to someone who is \"contemptible\". First use of the term dates to the mid-17th century. Compare cheapskate.", + "sentence": "She was a perfect blatherskite; I mean for jaw, jaw, jaw, talk, talk, talk, jabber, jabber, jabber; but just as good as she could be.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blatherskite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1889, Mark Twain, “Slow Torture”, in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, New York: Charles L. Webster & Company:" + }, + "blottesque": { + "definition": "Characterized by blots or heavy touches; coarsely depicted; lacking delineation.", + "origin": "From blot + -esque.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blottesque", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cantatrice": { + "definition": "A professional female singer.", + "origin": "From French or Italian cantatrice.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cantatrice", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "caprifig": { + "definition": "A hermaphrodite fruit, inedible to humans, of certain usually uncultivated species of Ficus, which is the source of the pollen with which fig wasps pollinate edible female fruit in both cultivated and uncultivated Ficus trees.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin caprifīcus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caprifig", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Caracas": { + "definition": "The capital city of Venezuela.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish Caracas. Named after the Caraca tribe.", + "sentence": "Silence can say many things,” a driver from eastern Caracas told CNN, asking not to be identified for security reasons.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Caracas", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2026 January 3, Ray Sanchez, “Nicolás Maduro’s capture by US met with celebrations in South Florida and apprehension in Caracas”, in CNN, archived from the original on 03 Jan 2026:" + }, + "carrageenan": { + "definition": "A food additive made from a purified extract of red seaweed, commonly used as a thickening agent.", + "origin": "From carrageen + -an, an alternative form of -in.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carrageenan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Carrickmacross": { + "definition": "A town in County Monaghan, Ireland (Irish grid ref H 8303).", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Carrickmacross", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "caryatid": { + "definition": "A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.", + "origin": "From Middle French cariatide, from Latin caryatides, from Ancient Greek Καρυάτιδες (Karuátides), plural of Καρυᾶτις (Karuâtis, “a priestess of Artemis, female figures used as bearing-shafts”), from καρυατίζω (karuatízō, “dance the Karyatid festival dance”) from Καρύαι (Karúai, “a town in Laconia with a temple of Artemis and a festival”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caryatid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Casimir effect": { + "definition": "The effect of the Casimir force.", + "origin": "After Hendrik Casimir, Dutch physicist.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Casimir%20effect", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "catachresis": { + "definition": "A misuse of a word; an application of a term to something which it does not properly denote.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin catachrēsis, borrowed from Ancient Greek κατάχρησις (katákhrēsis, “misuse (of a word)”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/catachresis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cataphora": { + "definition": "The use of a pronoun, or other linguistic unit, before the noun phrase to which it refers, sometimes used for rhetorical effect.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek καταφορά (kataphorá, “a downward motion”), from κατά (katá, “downwards”) + φέρω (phérō, “I carry”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cataphora", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "catarrh": { + "definition": "The discharge (fluid) associated with this condition.", + "origin": "From Middle English catarre, from Medieval Latin catarrus, from Late Latin catarrhus, from Ancient Greek κατάρροος (katárrhoos), which is derived from καταρρέω (katarrhéō, “to flow down”), which is composed of κατά (katá, “down”) and ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”).", + "sentence": "He coughed violently and spat out the catarrh irritating his throat.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/catarrh", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "catjang": { + "definition": "A cowpea native to Africa, Vigna unguiculata, sometimes Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica, a densely-branched shrubby perennial grown for animal fodder or food.", + "origin": "From Indonesian kacang.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/catjang", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "caveola": { + "definition": "A small (50–100 nanometer) invagination of the plasma membrane in many vertebrate cell types.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from New Latin caveola, constructed from cavea (“hollow, cavity; cage”) + -ola (diminutive suffix). Doublet of jail, which is from Late Latin caveola, an earlier, natural formation of the same term. More at cave, cavum, cava and cage.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caveola", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cephalopod": { + "definition": "Any mollusc of the class Cephalopoda, which includes squid, cuttlefish, octopus, nautiloids etc.", + "origin": "From French céphalopode, from Ancient Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”) + ποδός (podós), genitive singular of πούς (poús, “foot, leg”). By surface analysis, cephalo- + -pod.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cephalopod", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cermet": { + "definition": "A composite material composed of ceramic and metal materials, used in such applications as industrial saws and turbine blades.", + "origin": "Blend of ceramic + metal.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cermet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chalaza": { + "definition": "The location where the nucellus attaches to the integuments, opposite the micropyle.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hailstone, lump”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chalaza", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "champignon": { + "definition": "Agaricus bisporus, a species of mushroom commonly used in cooking.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French champignon.", + "sentence": "Galette of champignon with bacon was a wet puff pastry shell holding overcooked mushrooms and, as far as we could tell, no bacon.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/champignon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1978 January 13, “Restaurants”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 26 Jul 2024:" + }, + "cabochon": { + "definition": "A precious stone which has only been polished, not cut into facets.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French cabochon, diminutive form of caboche (“head”), from Old French caboce, from Latin caput (“head”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cabochon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Charon": { + "definition": "The ferryman of Hades, who rowed the shades of the dead across the river Styx.", + "origin": "From Latin Charōn, from Ancient Greek Χάρων (Khárōn). The name of the moon was coined by American astronomer James W. Christy in 1978, in reference to a fictional moon of Pluto in a novel by Edmond Hamilton but also influenced by its similarity to Char, a pet name for Charlene, his wife's name — hence the alternative American pronunciation, which is used at NASA.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Charon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chastushka": { + "definition": "A type of traditional Russian satirical or ironic folk poetry in quatrains.", + "origin": "From Russian часту́шка (častúška).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chastushka", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cacaxte": { + "definition": "A wooden frame carried on a person's back to transport pottery.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cacaxte", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chasuble": { + "definition": "The outermost liturgical vestment worn by clergy for celebrating Eucharist or Mass, equivalent to the phelonion of the Eastern tradition.", + "origin": "From Middle English chesible, from Old French chesible, from Late Latin casubla, an alteration of Latin casula (“little cottage, hooded cloak”), a diminutive of casa (“house”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chasuble", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cachexia": { + "definition": "A systemic wasting of muscle tissue, with or without loss of fat mass, that accompanies a chronic disease.", + "origin": "From Late Latin cachexia or French cachexie, from Ancient Greek καχεξία (kakhexía), from κακός (kakós, “bad; injurious”) + ἕξῐς (héxĭs, “act of having; habit or state of body”) (ultimately from ἔχω (ékhō, “to have”)) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, suffix added to adjectives to form abstract nouns).", + "sentence": "Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome clinically manifest by progressive involuntary weight loss and diminished food intake and characterized by a variety of biochemical alterations.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cachexia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, Lawrence E. Harrison, “Nutritional Support for the Cancer Patient”, in Alfred E. Chang, Patricia A. Ganz, Daniel F. Hayes, Timothy Kinsella, Harvey I. Pass, Joan H. Schiller, Richard M. Stone, Victor Strecher, editors, Oncology: An Evidence-based Approach, New York, N.Y.: Springer Science+Business Media, →ISBN, page 1488:" + }, + "cheongsam": { + "definition": "A tight-fitting Chinese formal woman's dress, usually brightly coloured, patterned and/or embroidered, with a split at the thigh.", + "origin": "From Cantonese 長衫／长衫 (coeng4 saam1, “long robe”).", + "sentence": "France Nuyen, and later Nancy Kwan, sexualized the cheongsam.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cheongsam", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2006, Shirley Jennifer Lim, A Feeling of Belonging: Asian American Women's Public Culture, 1930-1960, NYU Press, →ISBN:" + }, + "cacoëthes": { + "definition": "Dated spelling of cacoethes.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caco%C3%ABthes", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chèvre": { + "definition": "Cheese from goat’s milk, especially", + "origin": "Borrowed from French chèvre (“goat cheese”).", + "sentence": "Different types of goat’s cheese, or chèvre, have different textures, ranging from soft to firm.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ch%C3%A8vre", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017, Salads and Dressings: Over 100 Delicious Dishes, Jars, Bowls & Sides, DK, →ISBN:" + }, + "Caerphilly": { + "definition": "A county borough in Wales formed in 1996.", + "origin": "From Welsh Caerffili (literally “Ffili’s fort”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Caerphilly", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chicanery": { + "definition": "Deception by the use of trickery, quibbling, or subterfuge.", + "origin": "From French chicanerie (“trickery”), from chicaner, from Middle French chicaner, borrowed from Middle Low German schicken, from Old Saxon *skikkian, from Proto-West Germanic *skikkijan (“to order, arrange”).\nRelated to German schicken (“to send, ship”), Middle English skekken (“to send forth, issue”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chicanery", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chopine": { + "definition": "A bottle of wine (usually Bordeaux) containing 0.250 fluid liters, ⅓ of the volume of a standard bottle.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French chopine, diminutive of chope + -ine. Doublet of chopin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chopine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "caique": { + "definition": "A small wooden trading vessel, brightly painted and rigged for sail, traditionally used for fishing and trawling.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French caïque, from Italian caicco, from Ottoman Turkish قایق (kayık), from Proto-Turkic *kiayguk (“boat, oar”). Cognate with modern Turkish kayık.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caique", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "chorten": { + "definition": "A Tibetan stupa, typically spindle-shaped and white.", + "origin": "From Tibetan མཆོད་རྟེན (mchod rten).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chorten", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cairn": { + "definition": "A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument.", + "origin": "From Scots cairn, from Scottish Gaelic càrn, from Old Irish carn, from Proto-Celtic *karnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).\nCompare Welsh carn, Cornish carn. Doublet of carn and horn.", + "sentence": "\"Now here let us place the gray stone of her cairn: / Why speak ye no word!\"—said Glenara the stern.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cairn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1826, Thomas Campbell, “Glenara”, in The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell, page 105:" + }, + "choucroute": { + "definition": "sauerkraut", + "origin": "Borrowed from French choucroute. Doublet of sauerkraut.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/choucroute", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "caisson": { + "definition": "A (permanent) enclosure from which water can be expelled, in order to give access to underwater areas for engineering works etc.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French caisson. Doublet of cassone and cajón.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caisson", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "calabash": { + "definition": "A container made from the mature, dried shell of the fruit of one of the above plants; also, a similarly shaped container made from some other material.", + "origin": "From French calebasse, from Spanish calabaza (“gourd; pumpkin”), possibly from Arabic قَرْعَةٌ يَابِسَةٌ (qarʕatun yābisatun, “dry gourd”) or directly from its etymon Persian خربزه (xarboze, “melon”), possibly ultimately from Sanskrit त्रपुस (trapusa, “colocynth fruit”) (compare Persian تربزه (tarboze, “watermelon”)). The English word is cognate with Catalan carabassa (“pumpkin; orange colour”), Galician cabaza (“gourd, pumpkin, squash; calabash (container)”), Occitan calebasso, carabasso, carbasso, Portuguese cabaça (“gourd; calabash (container)”), Sicilian caravazza (and caramazza).", + "sentence": "Saje put the calabash in the king's hands.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calabash", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997, Olajire Olanlokun, chapter 3, in Karen Morrison, editor, The Missing Calabash, Oxford; Gaborone, Botswana: Heinemann Educational Publishers, →ISBN, page 13:" + }, + "calamondin": { + "definition": "A small decorative evergreen citrus tree, of the hybrid Citrus × microcarpa (syn. ×Citrofortunella mitis), sometimes cultivated for its fruit.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Kapampangan kalamunding.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calamondin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ciliopathy": { + "definition": "Any of a range of genetic disorders involving defects in the cilia or flagella of cells", + "origin": "From cilio- + -pathy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ciliopathy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "calligram": { + "definition": "A word, phrase or longer text in which the typeface or the layout has some special significance.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French calligramme.", + "sentence": "The next calligram, which depicts a horse, presents several interesting problems.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calligram", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1993, Willard Bohn, Apollinaire, Visual Poetry, and Art Criticism, Bucknell University Press, →ISBN, page 99:" + }, + "cioppino": { + "definition": "An Italian-American shellfish and tomato stew.", + "origin": "From Ligurian cioppin, from a Genoese dialect, ciuppin, for a fish stew.", + "sentence": "We nearly regretted our entree selections as we vicariously enjoyed her San Francisco-style Cioppino, a West Coast version of the Cajun Bouillabaise.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cioppino", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1985 April 27, Sue Hyde, “Formal Dining Pleasure”, in Gay Community News, page 8:" + }, + "calvities": { + "definition": "Baldness, the condition of being bald.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin calvitiēs (“baldness”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calvities", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "clerihew": { + "definition": "A humorous rhyme of four lines with the rhyming scheme AABB, usually regarding a person mentioned in the first line.", + "origin": "Named after English humourist and novelist Edmund Clerihew Bentley (1875–1956), who invented the rhyme.", + "sentence": "CNV announces a clerihew contest, with the best examples to be published in this newsletter.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clerihew", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1984, Cum Notis Variorum: The Newsletter of the Music Library, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.: Music Library, University of California, Berkeley, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 115:" + }, + "camarilla": { + "definition": "A secret, usually sinister, group of conspiring advisors close to the leadership; a cabal.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish camarilla, from cámara (“chamber”) and the diminutive suffix -illa.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/camarilla", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cobalamin": { + "definition": "Any of several forms of vitamin B₁₂ depending on the upper axial ligand of the cobalt ion.", + "origin": "Blend of cobalt + vitamin, 1950s.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cobalamin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "coccygeal": { + "definition": "Relating to the coccyx", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Hellenic *kókkūks\nAncient Greek κόκκῡξ (kókkūx)bor.\nLatin coccyxbor.\nEnglish coccyx\nEnglish -al\nEnglish coccygeal\nFrom coccyx + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coccygeal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "canaille": { + "definition": "The lowest class of people; the rabble; the vulgar.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaillebor.\nEnglish canaille\nBorrowed from Middle French canaille.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canaille", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "colcannon": { + "definition": "A traditional Irish dish made from mashed potatoes and cabbage or kale, with scallions, butter, salt and pepper added.", + "origin": "From Irish cál ceannann (literally “white-faced cabbage”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/colcannon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "colloque": { + "definition": "To hold colloquy; to converse.", + "origin": "Apparently from Latin colloquī.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/colloque", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "colporteur": { + "definition": "A peddler of publications, especially of religious books", + "origin": "Borrowed from French colporteur, from comporteur by influence of col (“neck”) (re-analyzed as col + porteur (“porter”)), from verb comporter, from Latin comportō (English comport).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/colporteur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "colubrine": { + "definition": "Snakelike.", + "origin": "From Latin colubrinus, from colubra (“snake”) + -inus (“-ine”).", + "sentence": "A buffle headed sub-chanter having been found guilty of absconsion from his butlership scuddled hastily with colubrine steps into the seclusion of his battish eggery.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/colubrine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1892 May 26, The W.A. Record, Perth, page 4, column 4:" + }, + "concatenate": { + "definition": "To join or link together, as though in a chain.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Italic *katesnā\nLatin catēna\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin catēnō\nLatin concatēnō\nLatin concatēnātus\nEnglish concatenate\nFrom the perfect passive participle stem of Latin concatēnāre (“to link or chain together”), from con- (“with”) + catēnō (“chain, bind”), from catēna (“a chain”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concatenate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "connoisseur": { + "definition": "A specialist in a given field whose opinion is highly valued, especially in one of the fine arts or in matters of taste.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin cognōscens, cognōscentem\nFrench connaiss(ant)\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLatin -(ā)tōrem\nOld French -or\nMiddle French -eur\nFrench -eur\nFrench connoisseurbor.\nEnglish connoisseur\nAround 1705–1715, from French connoisseur, from the verb connoître (obsolete pre-1835 spelling of connaître (“to know”)).", + "sentence": "He admires as a lover, not as a connoisseur.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/connoisseur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1811, [Jane Austen], chapter III, in Sense and Sensibility […], volume I, London: […] C[harles] Roworth, […], and published by T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:" + }, + "consanguine": { + "definition": "Related by birth or \"by blood\", i.e. having close ancestors in common.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥der.\nProto-Italic *sangwens\nLatin sanguis\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nLatin cōnsanguineuslbor.\nFrench consanguinbor.\nEnglish consanguine\nBorrowed from French consanguin. Doublet of consanguineous.", + "sentence": "Pitty away, hence thou conſanguine loue, / Maternall zeale, peccentall piety.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consanguine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1613, Thomas Heywood, The Brazen Age, […], London: […] Nicholas Okes, […], →OCLC, Act II, signature E2, recto:" + }, + "consigliere": { + "definition": "A counselor or advisor, especially to Mafia bosses.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian consigliere, from Italian consiglio (“advice\", counsel”), from Latin cōnsilium (“council”).\nEntered the popular English lexicon through Mario Puzo's “Godfather” novels and the subsequent films made from them.", + "sentence": "I never thought you were a bad consigliere.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consigliere", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1972, Mario Puzo, Francis Ford Coppola, The Godfather, spoken by Don Vito Corleone (Marlon Brando):" + }, + "consommé": { + "definition": "a clear broth made from reduced meat or vegetable stock, served either hot as a soup or chilled as a jelly", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French consommé. Doublet of consummate.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consomm%C3%A9", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "contrapposto": { + "definition": "The position of a human figure whose hips and legs are twisted away from the direction of the head and shoulders; (countable) an instance of this.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian contrapposto (“contrasting; opposing”, adjective), the past participle of contrapporre (“to set against, counter”), from Latin contrāpōnere, the present active infinitive of contrāpōnō (“to oppose; to place opposite”), from contrā (“against; contrary to”) + pōnō (“to place, put”).\nThe plural form contrapposti is borrowed from Italian contrapposti, the masculine plural form of contrapposto.", + "sentence": "The contrapposto flexes one buttock and relaxes the other.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contrapposto", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae: Art and Decadance from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson, London; New Haven, Conn.: Yale Nota Bene, Yale University Press, published 2001, →ISBN:" + }, + "contretemps": { + "definition": "An unforeseen, inopportune, or embarrassing event.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French contretemps.", + "sentence": "\"I see that you are a born American citizen--and an earlier knowledge of that fact would have prevented this little contretemps.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contretemps", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1896, Bret Harte, The Indiscretion of Elsbeth:" + }, + "copernicium": { + "definition": "The transuranic chemical element (symbol Cn) with atomic number 112.", + "origin": "From Copernicus + -ium. Named after Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/copernicium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "corybantic": { + "definition": "frenetic, ecstatic and orgiastic", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Corybant\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish corybantic\nFrom Corybant + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corybantic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "coterie": { + "definition": "A circle of individuals who associate with one another for a common purpose.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *kutąder.\nOld English cotbor.\nMedieval Latin coteriabor.\nFrench coteriebor.\nEnglish coterie\nBorrowed from French coterie.", + "sentence": "The new junior employee joined our merry after-hours coterie.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coterie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "coulibiac": { + "definition": "A loaf of fish, meat, or vegetables baked in a pastry shell.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Russian кулебя́ка (kulebjáka). Compare French koulibiac.", + "sentence": "Coulibiac resembles an oversized turnover made with a rich pastry and, as filling, salmon, meat or cabbage.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coulibiac", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1959 May 28, Craig Claiborne, “Cabbage, Beef, Salmon Appetizing Fillings Used”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:" + }, + "coulisse": { + "definition": "A piece of timber having a groove in which something glides.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French coulisse.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coulisse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "coulrophobia": { + "definition": "The fear of clowns.", + "origin": "Coined in the late 1980s or 1990s, of unknown origin, appearing first, without further explanation, in lists of phobias circulating on the Internet. First use appears c. 1997 according to the OED. According to a widespread theory, the term is based on Ancient Greek κωλοβαθριστής (kōlobathristḗs, “one who goes on stilts”), allegedly chosen for lack of an obvious Ancient Greek equivalent of “clown”, + -phobia (“fear of”). This theory fails to explain the alteration of colo- to coulro-.", + "sentence": "The swaggering rap royal is widely reported to suffer from coulrophobia, an irrational fear of the red-nosed, versized-shoe-wearing, greasepainted circus buffoons.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coulrophobia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002 Jared Paul Stern, with Paula Froelich and Chris Wilson, \"Send out the Clowns\", Page Six (NYT)" + }, + "courgette": { + "definition": "A particular variety of Cucurbita pepo, a small marrow/squash.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French courgette, diminutive of courge (“vegetable marrow, marrow squash”). Ultimately related to zucchini through Latin cucurbita.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/courgette", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "couverture": { + "definition": "Chocolate prepared for covering cakes and sweets; a covering of such chocolate.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French couverture. Doublet of coverture.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/couverture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "crokinole": { + "definition": "A game, popular in Canada, in which wooden discs are flicked towards the centre of a circular board.", + "origin": "From French croquignole (“a flick”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crokinole", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "croquembouche": { + "definition": "A French dessert made by piling profiteroles and other crunchy sweets in a tall shape, then pouring caramel over them to hold them in place.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French croquembouche (literally “crunch-in-mouth”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/croquembouche", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "croustade": { + "definition": "An edible container (often of pastry) filled with a savoury food", + "origin": "Borrowed from French croustade. Doublet of custard.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/croustade", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cryptozoa": { + "definition": "Small animals who live in darkness and under conditions of high relative humidity.", + "origin": "From crypto- + zoa, coined by English zoologist Arthur Dendy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cryptozoa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "cushag": { + "definition": "The ragwort, the national flower of the Isle of Man, which has a large stalk.", + "origin": "From Manx cushag vooar (“big stalk”), from cushag (“stalk”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cushag", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Deseret": { + "definition": "A state, proposed in 1849 and never recognized, which would have included most of Utah and Nevada and parts of other states.", + "origin": "From the Book of Mormon, in which the word is said to mean honey bee in the language of the Jaredites.", + "sentence": "In 1849 the Mormons organized a \"free and independent\" government and erected the \"State of Deseret,\" with Brigham Young as its head.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Deseret", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1872, Mark Twain, “Appendix A”, in Roughing It, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Co.:" + }, + "desiccate": { + "definition": "To remove moisture from; to dry; (sometimes) to dry to an extreme degree.", + "origin": "From Latin dēsiccō (“to dry completely, dry up”) + -ate (verb-forming suffix), from dē- (“completely, to exhaustion”, a prefix) + siccō (“to dry; to drain, exhaust”), from siccus (“dry”) + -ō (first conjugation verb-forming suffix). By surface analysis, de- + siccate.", + "sentence": "Desiccate and dry to a constant weight.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/desiccate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1974 May, James O. Dealy, Arthur M. Killin, “Appendix B: Sampling and Analytical Techniques”, in Engineering and Cost Study of the Ferroalloy Industry (Publication; no. EPA-450/2-74-008), North Carolina: Office of Air and Waste Management, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Environmental Protection Agency, →OCLC, page B-7, column 3:" + }, + "Devanagari": { + "definition": "An abugida script used to write many languages originating in India and Nepal, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Maithili, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, and Nepali.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Sanskrit देवनागरी (devanāgarī), compound of दे॒व (devá, “divine”) + नग॑र॒ (nágara, “town; city”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Devanagari", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dghaisa": { + "definition": "A small boat resembling a gondola, common in Malta.", + "origin": "From Maltese dgħajsa (“boat”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dghaisa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dhole": { + "definition": "An Asian wild dog, Cuon alpinus.", + "origin": "Related to Kannada ತೋಳ (tōḷa, “wolf”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dhole", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dhurrie": { + "definition": "A thick, flat-woven cotton Indian rug or carpet.", + "origin": "From Hindi दरी (darī).", + "sentence": "They were hospitable and loved company We sat on a dhurrie under the open sky.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dhurrie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 359:" + }, + "diapason": { + "definition": "The musical octave.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin diapason, from Ancient Greek διαπασῶν (diapasôn), that is διά (diá, “through”) + πασῶν (pasôn, “all”) (χορδῶν (khordôn, “notes”)), “through all (notes)”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diapason", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "diaphanous": { + "definition": "Transparent or translucent; allowing light to pass through; capable of being seen through.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin diaphanus, from Ancient Greek διαφανής (diaphanḗs), from δια- (dia-, “through”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine, appear”).", + "sentence": "Adam requires a touch of feminine lace and a whisper of diaphanous silk, not a direct vision of the gaping maw of the human vulva.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diaphanous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 23:" + }, + "diastole": { + "definition": "The phase or process of relaxation and dilation of the heart chambers, between contractions, during which they fill with blood; an instance of the process.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek διαστολή (diastolḗ, “separation, drawing asunder”), from διά (diá, “apart”) + στέλλειν (stéllein, “send”).", + "sentence": "In patients with rapid rates, diastole may be sufficiently shortened that the third and fourth heart sounds become superimposed and form a summation gallop.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diastole", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Richard H. Vagelos, Rachel Marcus, J. Edwin Atwood, “35: Signs, Symptoms, and Laboratory Abnormalities in Cardiovascular Diseases”, in Robert M. Wachter, Lee Goldman, Harry Hollander, editors, Hospital Medicine, 2nd edition, page 309:" + }, + "dragée": { + "definition": "A sweet or confection with a hard outer shell, originally used to administer drugs, medicine, etc.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French dragée.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/drag%C3%A9e", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Dubhe": { + "definition": "A multiple star in the constellation of Ursa Major and part of the Plough; Alpha (α) Ursae Majoris.", + "origin": "From the Arabic phrase اَلْظَهْرُ اَلْدُبِّ اَلْأَكْبَر (al-ẓahru l-dubbi l-ʔakbar, “the back of the great bear [i.e. Ursa Major]”), from ظَهْر (ẓahr, “back”) + دُبّ (dubb, “bear”) + أَكْبَر (ʔakbar, “great”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dubhe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Dubuque": { + "definition": "A surname.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dubuque", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "duxelles": { + "definition": "A finely chopped mixture of mushrooms, onions, shallots and herbs sautéed in butter and reduced to a paste, used in stuffings and sauces (as in beef Wellington) or as a garnish.", + "origin": "French d' + Uxelles; the dish is said to have been named for Nicolas Chalon du Blé, marquis d'Uxelles, maréchal de France.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/duxelles", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "daguerreotype": { + "definition": "An early type of photograph created by exposing a silver surface which has previously been exposed to either iodine vapor or iodine and bromine vapors; such a photograph.", + "origin": "From French daguerréotype. Named after French artist Louis Daguerre (1787–1851) who announced the process in 1839. Daguerre developed the process after some years of collaborations with French chemist Nicéphore Niépce.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/daguerreotype", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Darjeeling": { + "definition": "A district of West Bengal, India.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Nepali दार्जिलिङ (dārjiliṅ), from Tibetan རྡོ་རྗེ་གླིང (rdo rje gling), itself a compound of Tibetan རྡོ་རྗེ (rdo rje, “vajra”) and གླིང (gling, “land”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Darjeeling", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "darmstadtium": { + "definition": "A transuranic chemical element (symbol Ds) with atomic number 110.", + "origin": "Named after the German city Darmstadt, where it was first synthesized, + -ium.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/darmstadtium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "de rigueur": { + "definition": "Necessary according to etiquette, protocol or fashion.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French de rigueur (“required”), from de (“of”) + rigueur (“rigour/rigor”).", + "sentence": "Wearing a suit to a job interview is de rigueur.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/de%20rigueur", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "decastich": { + "definition": "A poem of ten lines.", + "origin": "Ancient Greek", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decastich", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "degauss": { + "definition": "To reduce or eliminate the magnetic field from (the hull of a ship, or a computer monitor, etc.).", + "origin": "From de- + gauss (“unit of magnetic field strength”). A neologism coined by then-Commander Charles F. Goodeve, RCNVR, during World War II.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/degauss", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Deimos": { + "definition": "A son of Ares (Latin: Mars), god of terror.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek Δεῖμος (Deîmos), from δειμός (deimós, “terror”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Deimos", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "demitasse": { + "definition": "A small cup of strong black coffee.", + "origin": "From French demi-tasse (literally “half cup”), from demi- (“half-”) + tasse (“cup”).", + "sentence": "He may either accept or decline a demitasse.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demitasse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, John Bridges, Bryan Curtis, A Gentleman at the Table, Thomas Nelson, →ISBN, page 45:" + }, + "démodé": { + "definition": "Outdated, old-fashioned.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French démodé.", + "sentence": "Physical culture has been quite démodé since last Thursday.”", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%C3%A9mod%C3%A9", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1914, A. A. Milne, “Merely Players”, in Once a Week:" + }, + "demurrage": { + "definition": "the detention of a ship or other freight vehicle, during delayed loading or unloading", + "origin": "1640s, from Old French demorage, from demorer (English demur), from Latin dēmorārī (“to tarry”).\nBy surface analysis, demur (“delay”) + -age, with doubled ‘r’ to clarify pronunciation and avoid ambiguity with demure.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/demurrage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dentifrice": { + "definition": "Toothpaste or any other substance, such as a powder or liquid, for cleaning the teeth.", + "origin": "From Middle English dentifricie, from Latin dentifricium (“powder for rubbing the teeth”), from dens (“tooth”) + fricāre (“to rub”). Compare French dentifrice.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dentifrice", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "derring-do": { + "definition": "Valiant deeds in desperate times.", + "origin": "From Middle English daring (to) do, misinterpreted as a noun by Edmund Spenser.", + "sentence": "With a cry of sheer derring-do, the climber leapt across the chasm.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/derring-do", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "dvandva": { + "definition": "A copulative or coordinative type of compound in which members, if not compounded, would be in the same case and connected by the conjunction and. Common in languages such as Sanskrit, Chinese and Japanese, but less so in English.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Sanskrit द्वंद्व (dvaṃdvá).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dvandva", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Dvorak": { + "definition": "A surname from Czech, especially", + "origin": "From Czech Dvořák, from Old Czech dvořák (“attendant, tenant farmer”), equivalent to dvůr (“court, courtyard, estate, farm”) + -ák (“-er, -an: forming related nouns”). The keyboard is named after the American inventor August Dvorak.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dvorak", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dysphasia": { + "definition": "Loss of or deficiency in the power to use or understand language as a result of injury or disease of the brain.", + "origin": "From dys- + -phasia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dysphasia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "dysrhythmia": { + "definition": "A disturbance to an otherwise normal biological rhythm, especially that of the heart.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dews-?\nProto-Indo-European *dus-\nProto-Hellenic *dus-\nAncient Greek δῠσ- (dŭs-)der.\nNew Latin dys-der.\nEnglish dys-\nProto-Indo-European *ser-?\nProto-Indo-European *srew-\nProto-Indo-European *sru-dʰ-mo-s\nProto-Hellenic *hrutʰmós\nAncient Greek ῥῠθμός (rhŭthmós)bor.\nLatin rhythmusder.\nEnglish rhythm\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nLatin -iader.\nEnglish -ia\nEnglish dysrhythmia\nFrom dys- + rhythm + -ia.", + "sentence": "Jet lag is also known as circadian dysrhythmia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dysrhythmia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Esau": { + "definition": "The son of Isaac and Rebekah and the older twin brother of Jacob.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek Ἡσαῦ (Hēsaû), from Biblical Hebrew עֵשָׂו (ʿēśāw).", + "sentence": "And the boyes grew; and Eſau was a cunning hunter, a man of the fielde: and Iacob was a plaine man, dwelling in tents.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Esau", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 25:27, column 2:" + }, + "escarole": { + "definition": "A subspecies or variety of broad-leaved endive (Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia, syn. Cichorium endivia var. latifolium), which is eaten as a vegetable.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French escarole, from Italian scariola, scarola (“chicory; endive”), from Late Latin escariola, scariola, from Latin ēsca (“food; dish prepared for the table”) (from edō (“to eat”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)) + -ola (from -olus, -ulus (suffix forming diminutive nouns)). Doublet of scariole.", + "sentence": "The broad leaf, (which is the Escarole,) for the first crop, and some White Curled for the second crop.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/escarole", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "[1853 July, B. M., “The Kitchen Garden”, in The Cultivator, a Monthly Journal for the Farm and the Garden, […], volume I, number VII (Third Series), Albany, N.Y.: Published by Luther Tucker, at the office of The Country Gentleman […]; from the steam press of C. Van Benthuysen, →OCLC, page 218, column 1:" + }, + "escheator": { + "definition": "A royal officer in medieval and early modern England, responsible for taking escheats from deceased subjects.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English eschetour, itself borrowed from Anglo-Norman eschetour; equivalent to escheat + -or.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/escheator", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "esclandre": { + "definition": "An incident that occasions much disapproving talk; scandalous conduct; a scene.", + "origin": "French. Doublet of slander and scandal", + "sentence": "Louisans were involved to permit the esclandre going very far.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/esclandre", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1904, Claude Hazeltine Wetmore, chapter IV, in The Battle Against Bribery: Being the Only Complete Narrative of Joseph W. Folk's Warfare on Boodlers, Including Also the Story of the Get-rich-quick Concerns and the Exposure of Bribery in the Missouri Legislature:" + }, + "escritoire": { + "definition": "A writing desk with a hinged door that provides the writing surface.", + "origin": "From French escritoire, from escrire (“to write”) (obsolete forms of écritoire and écrire, respectively) + -oire (“a tool or object”). Doublet of scriptorium.", + "sentence": "Rosemary sat at her Public Works Department escritoire, in a sea of fed cats, and tried to write a letter to Vythilingam.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/escritoire", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 561:" + }, + "espadrille": { + "definition": "A light shoe having an upper made of fabric and a sole of rope.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French espadrille.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/espadrille", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "espalier": { + "definition": "A latticework used to shape or train the branches of a tree or shrub into a two-dimensional ornamental or useful design, as along a wall or fence.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French espalier, from Italian spalliera, from spalla (“shoulder”).", + "sentence": "The garment stalls carried the traditional blue vine-dressers' outfits, sunhats, and the great willow pitchforks grown in espalier at villages like Sauve.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/espalier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 223:" + }, + "espial": { + "definition": "An act of noticing or observing.", + "origin": "From Middle English espiaille, from Old French espier (“to watch”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/espial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "esplanade": { + "definition": "A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town.", + "origin": "1590s, from French esplanade (“clear, level space”), from either Spanish esplanada (explanada), form of esplanar (“to flatten, to make level”) or Italian spianata, form of spianare (of the same meaning), both from Latin explānāre, from which English explain; see also plain (“level area, to flatten”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/esplanade", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "estancia": { + "definition": "A large rural estate in Latin America; a kind of ranch.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish estancia. Doublet of stance and stanza.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/estancia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "estovers": { + "definition": "An estover; an allowance made from an estate for a person's support.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/estovers", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "estrepe": { + "definition": "To commit estrepement.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/estrepe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ethylene": { + "definition": "The common name for the organic chemical compound ethene. The simplest alkene, a colorless gaseous (at room temperature and pressure) hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₂H₄.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-der.\nProto-Hellenic *áitʰō\nAncient Greek αἴθω (aíthō)\n▲\nAncient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr)influ.?\nAncient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr)der.\nLatin aethērbor.\nGerman Äther\nGerman Ether\nProto-Indo-European *swel-der.?\nAncient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der.\nGerman -yl\nGerman Ethylbor.\nEnglish ethyl\nEnglish eth-\n▲\nAncient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der.\nFrenchder.\nEnglish -yl\nFrench -ènebor.\nEnglish -ene\nEnglish -ylene\nEnglish ethylene\nFrom eth- + -ylene.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ethylene", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "étouffée": { + "definition": "A spiced Cajun stew of meat (crayfish, shellfish, alligator, chicken or another meat) and vegetables, typically cooked in a closed pot and then served with rice.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Cajun French étouffée, from French (à l’)étouffée (“smothered; dish cooked in a closed pot”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9touff%C3%A9e", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "eudiometer": { + "definition": "A graduated glass tube, closed at one end, that is used for measuring the change in the volume of gases during a chemical reaction.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek εὔδιος (eúdios, “clear (weather)”) + -meter.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eudiometer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Euroclydon": { + "definition": "A stormy northeasterly wind mentioned in the Bible (Acts 27:14); any rough wind or storm.", + "origin": "From Hellenistic Ancient Greek εὐροκλύδων (euroklúdōn), from εὖρος (eûros, “east wind”) + κλύδων (klúdōn, “wave”).", + "sentence": "Euroclydon, nevertheless, is a mighty pleasant zephyr to any one in-doors, with his feet on the hob quietly toasting for bed.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Euroclydon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1851, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick:" + }, + "ecchymosis": { + "definition": "A skin discoloration caused by bleeding underneath the skin, especially one that is remote from a site of trauma or caused by a non-traumatic process (such as neoplasia).", + "origin": "From New Latin ecchymōsis, from Ancient Greek ἐκχύμωσις (ekkhúmōsis), from ἐκχέω (ekkhéō, “I pour out”), from ἐκ- (ek-, “out”) + χέω (khéō, “I pour”).", + "sentence": "Such, for instance, is ecchymosis, a discoloration of the skin due to the extravasation of subcutaneous blood.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ecchymosis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1978, Benjamin Walker, Encyclopedia of Metaphysical Medicine, Routledge, page 273:" + }, + "echelon": { + "definition": "A level or rank in an organization, profession, or society.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French échelon (“rung; echelon”), from échelle (“ladder”) + -on (diminutive suffix). Échelle is derived from Latin scāla (“ladder”), from scandō (“to ascend, climb”), from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to jump”).", + "sentence": "The party was then still struggling, and many of the second echelon died during the wars.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/echelon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, Alfred Kuo-liang Ho, “Deng’s Political Reforms”, in China’s Reforms and Reformers, Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 120:" + }, + "echinoderm": { + "definition": "An animal of the phylum Echinodermata, comprising radially symmetric, spiny-skinned marine animals including seastars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids, and sand dollars.", + "origin": "From French échinoderme, corresponding to echino- + -derm, after plural of 18th-century Latin echinoderma.", + "sentence": "Comparatively few additions were therefore made to the previously known Echinoderm-fauna of Brazil, only a single species, a Leptasterias, being with certainty new to science.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/echinoderm", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1879, Richard Rathbun, A List of the Brazilian Echinoderms: With Notes on Their Distribution, Etc:" + }, + "edamame": { + "definition": "Fresh green soybeans boiled as a vegetable.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 枝(えだ)豆(まめ) (edamame, literally “stem beans”).", + "sentence": "When Americans started eating more sushi in the 1980s, edamame also became more popular.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/edamame", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Karman Meyer, Eat to Sleep, Adams Media, →ISBN, page 81:" + }, + "effete": { + "definition": "Lacking strength or vitality; feeble, powerless, impotent.", + "origin": "From Latin effētus (“exhausted”, literally “that has given birth”), 1620s.", + "sentence": "Most writers merely produce effete works on paper, you might say, but Kerouac went and wrestled with the tree itself.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/effete", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 August 19, Luc Sante, “On the Road Again”, in New York Times:" + }, + "effleurage": { + "definition": "A form of massage involving smooth strokes of the skin with one's hands.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French effleurage, from effleurer (“to stroke lightly”).", + "sentence": "When shampoo is spread on to the hair it is called an effleurage massage movement.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/effleurage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, Stephanie Henderson, Basic Hairdressing: A Coursebook for Level 2, →ISBN, page 97:" + }, + "Egeria": { + "definition": "A nymph or minor goddess from Roman mythology.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin Egeria.", + "sentence": "She was the Egeria of his heart, who taught him all the truth of tenderness.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Egeria", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “A London Life”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 165:" + }, + "eisteddfod": { + "definition": "Any of several annual festivals in which Welsh poets, dancers, and musicians compete for recognition.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from Welsh eisteddfod (“session”), from eistedd (“to sit”) + bod (“to be”), literally “being sitting”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eisteddfod", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "élan": { + "definition": "Spirit; zeal; ardor.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French élan.", + "sentence": "Sam, carried away by the élan of the performance, was unable to resist joining them.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9lan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1916, Booth Tarkington, Penrod and Sam, page 197:" + }, + "eleemosynary": { + "definition": "Relating to charity, alms, or almsgiving.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin eleēmosynārius (“alms dispenser”), from Late Latin eleēmosyna (“alms”), from Ancient Greek ἐλεημοσύνη (eleēmosúnē, “alms”), from ἐλεήμων (eleḗmōn, “merciful”) + -σῠ́νη (-sŭ́nē, “suffix denoting an abstract noun”). Compare Italian elemosina.", + "sentence": "He did some work for the New York Public Library . . . and also dabbled in eleemosynary science for the Russell Sage Foundation.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eleemosynary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1918, Christopher Morley, “Owd Bob”, in Mince Pie:" + }, + "eluate": { + "definition": "A liquid solution that results from elution.", + "origin": "From Latin ēluō + -ate (noun-forming suffix, of participial origin). On the other hand, elute has been borrowed directly from the perfect passive participle of ēluō, ēlūtus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eluate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "embouchure": { + "definition": "The use of the lips, facial muscles, tongue, and teeth when playing a wind instrument.", + "origin": "From French embouchure, from emboucher (“to put in one’s mouth”), from en- (“in”) + bouche (“mouth”), from Latin bucca (“cheek”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/embouchure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "emollient": { + "definition": "Anything soothing the mind, or that makes something more acceptable.", + "origin": "From French émollient, from Latin emolliēns, present active participle of ēmolliō (“make soft”), from ex- + molliō, from mollis (“soft”). By surface analysis, e- + Latin moll- + -i- + -ent.", + "sentence": "Hail, Poetry, thou heav’n-born maid! / Thou gildest e’en the pirate’s trade. / Hail, flowing fount of sentiment! / All hail, divine emollient!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emollient", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1879, W[illiam] S[chwenck] Gilbert, Arthur Sullivan, composer, The Pirates of Penzance […], Philadelphia: J.M. Stoddart & Co., published 1880, →OCLC:" + }, + "emolument": { + "definition": "Payment for employment or an office; compensation for a job, which is usually monetary.", + "origin": "From Middle English emolument, from Old French emolument, from Latin ēmolumentum.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emolument", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "emphysema": { + "definition": "An abnormal accumulation of air or other gas in tissues, most commonly the lungs.", + "origin": "Multiple origins. Partially from post-Classical Latin emphȳsēma (“swelling”), from Ancient Greek ἐμφῡ́σημα (emphū́sēma), from ἐμφῡσάω (emphūsáō, “to puff up”). Also borrowed from Middle French emphysema, from the same Latin source; compare French emphysème. Attested from the late 16th century.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emphysema", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ennui": { + "definition": "A gripping listlessness or melancholia caused by boredom; depression.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-der.\nProto-Italic *odjom\nLatin odium\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLate Latin inodiāre\nOld French enuier?\nOld French enui\nFrench ennuiubor.\nEnglish ennui\nUnadapted borrowing from French ennui, from Old French enui (“annoyance”), from enuier (modern French ennuyer), from Late Latin inodiō, from Latin in odiō (“hated”). Doublet of annoy.", + "sentence": "There have always been individuals who toy with the political extremes out of a sort of high-class ennui.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ennui", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 June 14, Janan Ganesh, “How boredom gave us chaos”, in FT Weekend (Life & Arts section), London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 20:" + }, + "epideictic": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to rhetoric of ceremony, declamation, and demonstration, most often the rhetoric of funerals and other formal events. One of the three branches, or \"species\" (eidē), of rhetoric as outlined by Aristotle.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἐπιδεικτικός (epideiktikós), from ἐπιδείκνυμι (epideíknumi, “to display, exhibit”), from ἐπι- (epi-) + δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “to show”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epideictic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "epistemology": { + "definition": "The branch of philosophy dealing with the study of knowledge; the theory of knowledge, asking such questions as \"What is knowledge?\", \"How is knowledge acquired?\", \"What do people know?\", \"How do we know what we know?\", \"How do we know it is true?\", and so on.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistḗmē, “science, knowledge”), from ἐπίσταμαι (epístamai, “to know”) + -λογία (-logía, “study or logic of”), from λόγος (lógos, “speech, language”). The term was introduced into English by Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864).", + "sentence": "Some thinkers take the view that, beginning with the work of Descartes, epistemology began to replace metaphysics as the most important area of philosophy.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epistemology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "epixylous": { + "definition": "Relating to, growing on, or living on the surface of wood.", + "origin": "From epi- + xyl- + -ous.", + "sentence": "Some moulds prefer to live on bread, but others are epixylous.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epixylous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Equatoguinean": { + "definition": "Equatorial Guinean", + "origin": "From Spanish ecuatoguineano.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Equatoguinean", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Erewhonian": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the fictional land of Erewhon.", + "origin": "From Erewhon + -ian: the country's name is an approximate reversal of nowhere, from the novel Erewhon (1872) by Samuel Butler.", + "sentence": "This seems to be the customary Erewhonian approach to a problem, this time the problem of the incorporeality of God.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Erewhonian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1969, Miriam Strauss Weiss, A Lively Corpse, page 334:" + }, + "Eris": { + "definition": "The goddess of discord and strife, whose apple of discord sparked events that eventually led to the Trojan War; equated by Homer with Enyo (goddess of violent war) and identified with the Roman goddess Discordia;", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἔρις (Éris), from ἔρις (éris, “strife”).\nSee also Eris (mythology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia and Eris (dwarf planet) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia", + "sentence": "Eris is the one who divides gods, mortals, and things from each other; Eros is the one who brings them together.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Eris", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Samuel Ijsseling, “Eros and Eris: The Trojan War and Heidegger on the Essence of Truth”, in Paul van Tongeren, Paul Sars, Chris Bremmers, Koen Boey, editors, Eros and Eris: Contributions to a Hermeneutical Phenomenology Liber Amicorum for Adriaan Peperzak, Kluwer Academic, page 2:" + }, + "erythroblast": { + "definition": "A cell in the bone marrow from which red blood cells develop", + "origin": "From erythro- + -blast.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/erythroblast", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "exchequer": { + "definition": "An available fund of money, especially one for a specific purpose.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *tek-\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati\nProto-Iranian *xšáyati\nOld Persian 𐏋 (XŠ)\nMiddle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ)\nClassical Persian شاه (šāh)bor.\nArabic شَاه (šāh)bor.\nLatin scaccus\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārium\nMedieval Latin scaccarium\nAnglo-Norman eschekerbor.\nMiddle English escheker\nEnglish exchequer\nFrom Middle English escheker, from Anglo-Norman escheker (“chessboard”), from Medieval Latin scaccarium. This is because the cloth on which the treasurer counted money was chequered like a chessboard.", + "sentence": "Well, that's the state of the exchequer.\" Two sixpences and a few coppers were the result of his investigation.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exchequer", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1934, Ernest Bramah, The Bravo of London:" + }, + "farfalle": { + "definition": "pasta in the shape of butterflies or bow ties", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian farfalle (“butterflies; bow ties; farfalle pasta”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/farfalle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "farouche": { + "definition": "Sullen or recalcitrant.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French farouche.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/farouche", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "farrago": { + "definition": "A collection containing a confused variety of miscellaneous things.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin farrāgō (“mixed fodder; mixture, hodgepodge”), from far (“emmer (a kind of wheat), coarse meal, grits”). Doublet of farro.", + "sentence": "Or, This is a farrago of absurdity, I could never feel anything of the sort myself.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/farrago", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1929 September, Virginia Woolf, A Room of One’s Own, uniform edition, London: Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, […], published 1931 (April 1935 printing), →OCLC, page 72:" + }, + "fauchard": { + "definition": "An early European weapon consisting of a curved blade on a long pole.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French fauchard. See also -ard.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fauchard", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Feldenkrais": { + "definition": "A somatic educational system designed to reduce pain or limitations in movement, to improve physical function, and to promote general well-being by increasing students' awareness of themselves and by expanding students' movement repertoire.", + "origin": "Introduced by Moshé Feldenkrais (1904–1984).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Feldenkrais", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fête champêtre": { + "definition": "A garden party (pastoral festival) that was a popular form of entertainment in the 18th century, particularly popular at the French court, at Versailles. In theory it is a simple pastoral festival but in practice it was often contrived and elaborate with orchestras and fancy dress.", + "origin": "French fête champêtre", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/f%C3%AAte%20champ%C3%AAtre", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "fetticus": { + "definition": "corn salad or mâche, Valerianella locusta, a plant whose leaves are used in salads.", + "origin": "From Dutch vette kost (“fat food”).", + "sentence": "Earliest sown or planted — round beet, peas, forcing carrot, lettuce, radish, early cabbage, peppergrass, mustard, spinach, kohlrabi, turnip, scallion, early potato, fetticus.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fetticus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1945, Maurice Grenville Kains, Five acres and independence: a practical guide to the selection and management of the small farm:" + }, + "fibromyalgia": { + "definition": "A condition characterized by chronic pain, stiffness, and tenderness of the muscles, tendons, and joints.", + "origin": "From fibro- (“tissue”) + my- (“muscle”) + -algia (“pain”).", + "sentence": "They have since used the approach to look at the brains of people with fibromyalgia, a mysterious syndrome that causes pain all over the body.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fibromyalgia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016 November 26, Jessica Hamzelou, “Hitting where it hurts”, in New Scientist, number 3101, page 36:" + }, + "Firbolg": { + "definition": "The fourth group of people to settle in Ireland, descended from the Muintir Nemid, an earlier group who abandoned Ireland and went to different parts of Europe.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Firbolg", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "flehmen": { + "definition": "Flaring of the lip in mammals, associated with intensive smelling; flehming.", + "origin": "From German flehmen, from Upper Saxon German flemmen (“to look spiteful”).", + "sentence": "Behaviors recorded included sniffing, flehmen, blowing, avoidance, and penile erections.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flehmen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003, IUCN Asian Elephant Specialist Group, The Living Elephants : Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour, and Conservation, page 99:" + }, + "force majeure": { + "definition": "An overwhelming force.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *méǵh₂s\nBorrowed from French force majeure (“an exceptionally strong or superior force; (law) an unavoidable circumstance that prevents someone from fulfilling a legal obligation”), from force (“a force”) (ultimately from Latin fortis (“powerful, strong”)) + majeure (the feminine singular of majeur (“of great importance, major”), ultimately from Latin maior (“greater; large”),).", + "sentence": "Gen Y is a \"force majeure\" that will determine the future of the housing market.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/force%20majeure", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 October 31, “A&E 2013 Surveys: Weber Thompson”, in Daily Journal of Commerce, Portland, Or.: Daily Journal of Commerce, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 23 Nov 2021:" + }, + "Formica": { + "definition": "A plastic laminate material.", + "origin": "Coined in 1913 as a brand name for the material and the company producing it. Formica was originally intended as a replacement “for mica”, which was then commonly used for electrical insulation.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Formica", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "foudroyant": { + "definition": "Having an awesome and overwhelming effect.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French foudroyant.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foudroyant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "frabjous": { + "definition": "Fabulous, joyous; great, wonderful.", + "origin": "Originally a nonce word in Lewis Carroll's poem “Jabberwocky” (see the quotation); probably a blend of fair + fabulous + joyous.", + "sentence": "It's the frabjous joy of tearing into a well-wrapped bar.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frabjous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017 January 31, Jim Myers, “Nashville's Best Candies for Valentine's Day”, in Tennesseean:" + }, + "fracas": { + "definition": "A noisy disorderly quarrel, fight, brawl, disturbance or scrap.", + "origin": "From French fracas, derived from fracasser, from Italian fracassare, from fra- + cassare, equivalent to Latin infra + quassare.", + "sentence": "To the ranks of wonky risk management professionals who have toiled over the minutia of E.S.G. reports for decades now, the political fracas is perplexing.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fracas", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 February 28, David Gelles, “How E.S.G. Became Public Enemy No. 1 for Conservatives”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:" + }, + "funori": { + "definition": "A kind of glue produced from agar.", + "origin": "From Japanese 府海苔.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/funori", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "furan": { + "definition": "Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms, two double bonds and an oxygen atom; especially the simplest one, C₄H₄O.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nLatin furfur\nAkkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.\nAramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.\nArabic كُحْل (kuḥl)\nAndalusian Arabic كُحُول (kuḥūl)bor.\nLatin alcoholder.\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin de-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Hellenic *údōr\nAncient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der.\nGerman Aldehydbor.\nEnglish aldehydeclip.\nEnglish -al\nEnglish furfural\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish furan\nFrom furfural + -an.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/furan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Furneaux": { + "definition": "A surname from Anglo-Norman.", + "origin": "English surname of Norman origin, from two places in Normandy called Fourneaux (literally “the furnaces”). Compare Furnace, Furnell.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Furneaux", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "furuncle": { + "definition": "A boil or infected, inflamed, pus-filled sore.", + "origin": "Late Middle English, borrowed from Latin fūrunculus (“a petty thief, pilferer; a pointed burning sore, boil”), diminutive of fūr (“a thief”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/furuncle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gabbro": { + "definition": "Originally, a kind of serpentine; now generally a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene and labradorite.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian gabbro.", + "sentence": "Against the dark Ordovician gabbro, the black volcanic base, Rhynie is a streak of technicolour.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gabbro", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 205:" + }, + "gaffe": { + "definition": "A foolish and embarrassing error, especially one made in public; a social blunder; a breach of etiquette.", + "origin": "From French gaffe (“blunder”). Doublet of gaff.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gaffe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gyokuro": { + "definition": "A kind of green tea from Japan, differing from sencha in being grown in the shade.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 玉露 (literally “jade dew”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gyokuro", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gagaku": { + "definition": "the ancient court ritual classical music of Japan, of Chinese origin", + "origin": "From Japanese 雅楽 (gagaku), from Middle Chinese 雅樂 (MC ngaeX ngaewk, “ancient ceremonial music”). Doublet of aak and yayue.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gagaku", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gypsum": { + "definition": "A mineral consisting of hydrated calcium sulphate. When calcinated, it forms plaster of Paris.", + "origin": "From Latin gypsum, from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos). Doublet of gesso.", + "sentence": "Besides being abundant, gypsum is easily refined into a powder for plaster or formed into sheets of wallboard.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gypsum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 7:" + }, + "Gaia": { + "definition": "The ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating superorganism.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek Γαῖᾰ (Gaîă, “Gaea, the Earth personified as a goddess”), from γαῖᾰ (gaîă, “the Earth”), probably related to γῆ (gê, “earth, land; country”).\nSense 1 was coined by the British scientist, environmentalist, and futurist James Lovelock (1919–2022) in his book Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (1979), at the suggestion of the British novelist, playwright, and poet William Golding (1911–1993): see the quotation.", + "sentence": "If we are all—from the lowliest microorganism to the largest whale—a part of Gaia, then we are all potentially important to its well-being.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gaia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1980 July, James E. Lovelock, “Living Planet Earth”, in Omni, volume 2, number 10, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 124, column 3:" + }, + "Galahad": { + "definition": "A male given name from the Celtic languages in occasional use since the 19th century.", + "origin": "From Old French Galahad, of obscure origin and meaning. Suggestions include Old Welsh, or biblical Gilead.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Galahad", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "galatea": { + "definition": "A strong cotton fabric with diagonal twill weave", + "origin": "After Galatea, a British man-of-war, since the material was used for children's sailor suits.", + "sentence": "He wore a blue galatea shirt, corduroy trousers and riding boots.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/galatea", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1912 (date first published), Katherine Mansfield, \"The Woman At The Store\", from Selected Short Stories" + }, + "galena": { + "definition": "A mineral, lead sulphide (PbS), mined as an ore for lead.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin galēna (“dross from smelting lead”).", + "sentence": "You can easily extract lead from galena, a natural mineral which has been used in crystal radio receivers.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/galena", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1939 November, Raymond B. Wailes, “Chemical Engineering for Home Experimenters”, in Popular Science, page 207:" + }, + "gallivat": { + "definition": "A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, used on the Malabar coast.", + "origin": "Probably from Portuguese galeota. Compare English galiot, galley.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gallivat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gambol": { + "definition": "To move about playfully; to frolic.", + "origin": "From earlier gambolde, from Middle French gambade (modern gambade).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gambol", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Gaspesian": { + "definition": "A member of the Mi'kmaq people of Gaspé.", + "origin": "Derived from the Mi'kmaq word Kespek, + -ian.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gaspesian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gasthaus": { + "definition": "A German inn or guesthouse.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Gasthaus.", + "sentence": "Charlene and Jan were two army wives that lived upstairs at the gasthaus.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gasthaus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012, Fa Shepherd, Neubrucke, page 26:" + }, + "gattine": { + "definition": "A disease of silkworms, caused by parasitic fungi.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French gattine.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gattine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Geatish": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the Geats.", + "origin": "From Old English Ġēatisċ, equivalent to Geat + -ish.", + "sentence": "“We have here, newly sprung from the sea, a band of Geatish warriors.”", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Geatish", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Norma Lorre Goodrich, “Beowulf”, in The Medieval Myths, New York: The New American Library, page 24:" + }, + "gegenschein": { + "definition": "A faint brightening of the night sky in the region of the ecliptic directly opposite the Sun.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Gegenschein (“counter-shine”), from gegen- + Schein.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gegenschein", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gendarme": { + "definition": "A rock pinnacle on a mountain ridge.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis\nProto-Italic *gentis\nLatin gentem\nOld French gentder.\nFrench gents\nFrench gens\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nOld French de\nMiddle French de\nFrench d'\nProto-Indo-European *h₂er-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos\nProto-Italic *armosder.\nLate Latin arma\nOld French arme\nMiddle French arme\nFrench armes\nFrench gens d'armes\nFrench gendarmesbf.\nFrench gendarmebor.\nEnglish gendarme\nBorrowed from French gendarme, a back-formation from gendarmes, from gens d'armes (“people of arms, armed people”), from gens + d' + armes.", + "sentence": "The previous attempts foundered when they tried to take this gendarme directly.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gendarme", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1979, Chris Jones, Climbing in North America, →ISBN, page 118:" + }, + "genet": { + "definition": "Any of several Old World nocturnal, carnivorous mammals, of the genus Genetta, most of which have a spotted coat and a long, ringed tail.", + "origin": "From Middle English genet, ionet, from Anglo-Norman genette, Middle French genette, jenette et al., of uncertain origin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "gesellschaft": { + "definition": "A hypothetical mode of society, made up of self-serving individuals linked by impersonal ties; as opposed to Gemeinschaft.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Gesellschaft, from Geselle + -schaft. Compare to English gemeinschaft.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gesellschaft", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ginglymus": { + "definition": "A hinge joint.", + "origin": "From Late Latin, from Ancient Greek γίγγλυμος (gínglumos, “hinge”).", + "sentence": "The Bones of the Fingers are articulated by Ginglymus, and are fifteen in each Hand.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ginglymus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1702, de La Vauguion, A Compleat Body of Chirurgical Operations, Containing The Whole Practice of Surgery, 2nd edition, page 408:" + }, + "Gippsland": { + "definition": "The easternmost prefecture-level primary sub-provincial division of the state of Victoria, Australia.", + "origin": "From Gipps + -land.\nNamed after George Gipps, Governor of New South Wales.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gippsland", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "glabella": { + "definition": "The space between the eyebrows and above the nose.", + "origin": "From Latin glaber (“smooth, hairless, bald”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glabella", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "glacis": { + "definition": "A gentle incline.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French glacis (“slippery surface”), derived from Old French glacier (“to glide; freeze”), the former from Latin glaciāre (“to freeze”), from glaciēs (“ice”), of uncertain origin.\nCognates\n* Medieval Latin glatia (“incline in front of a fortification”)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glacis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "glyceraldehyde": { + "definition": "The aldotriose 2,3-dihydroxypropanal formed by oxidation of glycerol", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glyceraldehyde", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "goanna": { + "definition": "Any of various monitor lizards native to Australia.", + "origin": "A respelling in Australia of guana, from iguana. Rhyming slang sense 2 rhyming on colloquial pronunciation pianner.", + "sentence": "There's a goanna; that's a good sized one; but nothing to the one that I tumbled over when I was coming from the Big River.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/goanna", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1849 April 21, “The Ring”, in Bell's Life in Sydney and Sporting Reviewer, page 2:" + }, + "Gondwana": { + "definition": "A region of central India.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Sanskrit गोण्डवन (goṇḍavana, “Forest of Gondi”). The continent was named after the region in India by Austrian scientist Eduard Suess in 1861.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gondwana", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "griot": { + "definition": "A West African storyteller who passes on oral traditions; a wandering musician and poet.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French griot.", + "sentence": "They prepare themselves for their life's work in a manner altogether different from that of the griot.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/griot", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997, Paul Stoller, Sensuous Scholarship, page 15:" + }, + "Gruyère": { + "definition": "A hard yellow cheese originating from Gruyères, Switzerland and made in the cantons of Fribourg.", + "origin": "(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “the Medieval Latin name's origins need explanation”)\nNamed after the town of Gruyères, Switzerland, from Medieval Latin Gruerius, from Swiss French grue (“crane”).", + "sentence": "Several cheeses fall into the Gruyère family.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000, Paula Lambert, The Cheese Lover’s Cookbook and Guide: Over 150 Recipes, with Instruction on How to Buy, Store, and Serve All Your Favorite Cheeses, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 35:" + }, + "guan": { + "definition": "Any (member) of several species of birds in the genera Aburria, Chamaepetes, Oreophasis, Penelope, Penelopina, and Pipile, of the family Cracidae, limited to the Americas.", + "origin": "From American Spanish, from Kuna kwama.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "guayabera": { + "definition": "A light, open-necked, short-sleeved shirt worn by men in Latin America and the West Indies.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nTaíno *wayababor.\nSpanish guayaba\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Italic *-āzios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -ārius\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin -āria\nSpanish -era\nSpanish guayaberabor.\nEnglish guayabera\nBorrowed from Spanish guayabera.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guayabera", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "guerite": { + "definition": "A projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of works, or the acute angles of bastions.", + "origin": "From French guérite. Doublet of garret.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guerite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "guichet": { + "definition": "A small hatch or grill.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French guichet.", + "sentence": "The door was walled up, his food passed through a guichet above, and a scanty allowance of light admitted through a small, barred window.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guichet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1860, Horace Marryat, A Residence in Jutland, the Danish Isles, and Copenhagen, page 51:" + }, + "Guidonian": { + "definition": "Of or relating to Guido of Arezzo (c. 991 – after 1033), Italian music theorist and pedagogue of the medieval era, regarded as the inventor of modern musical staff notation.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Guidonian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Gurmukhi": { + "definition": "An abugida script, or writing system, designed for writing the Punjabi language used primarily in Punjab, India", + "origin": "Borrowed from Punjabi ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ (gurmukhī) / گُرْمُکھی (gurmukhī), commonly translated as \"from the Mouth of the Guru\", since it was standardised by Guru Angad in the 16th century.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gurmukhi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "halala": { + "definition": "A monetary unit of Saudi Arabia equal to one hundredth of a riyal.", + "origin": "From Arabic هَلَلَة (halala).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/halala", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "halcyon": { + "definition": "Calm, undisturbed, peaceful, serene.", + "origin": "Inherited from Middle English Alceoun, from Latin halcyōn, alcyōn (“kingfisher”), from Ancient Greek ἀλκυών (alkuṓn).", + "sentence": "I had wander’d in rapture beneath them, and bask’d in the Halcyon clime.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/halcyon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1919, H.P. Lovecraft, The City:" + }, + "Hamtramck": { + "definition": "A city in Wayne County, Michigan, United States.", + "origin": "Named for the French-Canadian soldier Jean François Hamtramck, the first American commander of Fort Shelby, the fortification at Detroit.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hamtramck", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hangul": { + "definition": "The phonetic alphabet used to write the Korean language.", + "origin": "[Alt: 한글 ㅎ=h ㅏ=a ㄴ=n ㄱ=g ㅡ=eu ㄹ=l]\nFrom Korean 한글 (han'geul, “Korean script”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hangul", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "haupia": { + "definition": "A traditional Hawaiian dessert based on coconut milk and starch, somewhat resembling blancmange.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Polynesian *sau\nHawaiian hau\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀambia\nProto-Oceanic *ʀabia\nProto-Polynesian *pia\nHawaiian pia\nHawaiian haupiabor.\nEnglish haupia\nBorrowed from Hawaiian haupia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/haupia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hebdomadal": { + "definition": "Weekly, occurring once a week.", + "origin": "From Latin hebdomadālis. According to The Poly-Olbion Project, coined by John Selden in 1612.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hebdomadal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Hebrides": { + "definition": "A sea area that is centred on these islands.", + "origin": "From Latin Hebudes or Haebudes, with u likely turned to ri by scribal error. Earlier origin unknown, potentially Pre-Celtic or Proto-Celtic *boudi. Compare Ancient Greek Ἕβουδαι (Héboudai), islands mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny, likely the Hebrides.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hebrides", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hei-tiki": { + "definition": "An ornamental pendant (typically made of pounamu or greenstone) among the Māori, worn around the neck, representing a human figure traditionally connected with Tiki, the first human in Maori mythology.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Māori heitiki, from hei (“to tie around the neck; scarf, pendant”) + tiki (“carving of a human figure”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hei-tiki", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hellebore": { + "definition": "Any of the common garden flowering plants of the genus Helleborus, in family Ranunculaceae, having supposed medicinal properties.", + "origin": "From Middle English ellebore, from Old French ellebre, elebore, from Medieval Latin eleborus, via Latin from Ancient Greek ἑλλέβορος (helléboros), possibly from ἄλκη (álkē, “elk [moose]”) βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”). The initial h was restored in English to reflect the Ancient Greek etymology.", + "sentence": "Aretæus recommends moderate venæsection to be repeated, if the patient is plethoric, purging with black hellebore, and in some cases emetics; nourishing diet.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hellebore", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1811, Theodric Romeyn Beck, An Inaugural Dissertation on Insanity, page 29:" + }, + "hemorrhage": { + "definition": "A heavy release of blood within or from the body.", + "origin": "From Latin haemorrhagia, from Ancient Greek αἱμορραγία (haimorrhagía, “a violent bleeding”), from αἱμορραγής (haimorrhagḗs, “bleeding violently”), from αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + -ραγία (-ragía), from ῥηγνύναι (rhēgnúnai, “to break, burst”); see ῥήγνῡμῐ (rhḗgnūmĭ) for more.", + "sentence": "We got news that he died of a hemorrhage.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hemorrhage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "henotheism": { + "definition": "Belief in or worship of one deity without denying the existence of other deities.", + "origin": "From German Henotheismus, coined in the 19th century by German philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775–1854) from Ancient Greek ἕν (hén, stem of εἷς (heîs, “one”)) + German Theismus (“theism”, ultimately from Ancient Greek θεός (theós, “god”))).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/henotheism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hepatectomy": { + "definition": "The surgical removal of all or part of the liver.", + "origin": "From hepat- + -ectomy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hepatectomy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Herodotean": { + "definition": "Of or relating to Herodotus (the ancient Greek historian)", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Herodotean", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hiortdahlite": { + "definition": "A rare sorosilicate mineral that contains zirconium, calcium, sodium and fluorine.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hiortdahlite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Hippolyta": { + "definition": "An Amazonian queen who possessed a magic girdle given to her by her father, Ares.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hippolyta", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hirsute": { + "definition": "Covered in hair or bristles; hairy.", + "origin": "From Latin hirsūtus (“shaggy, hairy”).", + "sentence": "At that period, too, the Jew's long beard was far more distinctive than it is in this hirsute generation.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hirsute", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1851, Henry Mayhew, “Of the Jew Old-clothes Men”, in London Labour and the London Poor; […], volume II (The London Street-folk. Book the Second.), London: [Griffin, Bohn, and Company], →OCLC, page 129, column 2:" + }, + "hoi polloi": { + "definition": "The common people; the masses. (Used with or without the definite article.)", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek οἱ πολλοί (hoi polloí, “the many”).", + "sentence": "The clientele is a select species of hoi polloi, intermixed with writers, painters and politicos and the more sophisticated American tourists.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hoi%20polloi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1942 April 5, Elizabeth Fagg, “Cafeteria in Mexico”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:" + }, + "holobenthic": { + "definition": "That inhabits the seafloor during all phases of life", + "origin": "From holo- + benthic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/holobenthic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hominin": { + "definition": "Any member of the taxonomic tribe Hominini, the evolutionary group that includes modern humans and now-extinct bipedal relatives.", + "origin": "From translingual Hominini, from the stem of Latin homo (“man”). Compare hominid.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hominin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "homoscedasticity": { + "definition": "A property of a set of random variables such that each variable has the same finite variance.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Hellenic *homós\nAncient Greek ὁμός (homós)der.\nEnglish homo-\nEnglish scedasticity\nEnglish homoscedasticity\nFrom homo- + scedasticity.", + "sentence": "Thus, Glejser's test also rejects the hypothesis of homoscedasticity.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homoscedasticity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, Chandan Mukherjee, Howard White, Marc Wuyts, Econometrics and Data Analysis for Developing Countries, page 264:" + }, + "hordeolum": { + "definition": "stye, sty. An infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid. This is distinguished from a chalazion, which is not infected, but a cyst formed from an impacted meibomian gland of the eyelid.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin hordeolus, diminutive from hordeum (“barley”) + -olus, referring to its resemblance to a grain of barley in appearance and size.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hordeolum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Hsia": { + "definition": "A surname.", + "origin": "From Mandarin 夏 (Xià) Wade–Giles romanization: Hsia⁴.", + "sentence": "Andrew Hsia, a Kuomintang vice chairman, went to China and met with Wang Huning and Song Tao, two key figures in Beijing’s Taiwan strategy.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hsia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 March 27, Chris Horton, “Taiwan’s Ex-President Heads to China in Historic and Closely Watched Visit”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 Mar 2023, Asia Pacific:" + }, + "huerta": { + "definition": "The area of Murcia and Valencia with fertile ground.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish huerta.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/huerta", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Humboldt": { + "definition": "A surname from German.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Humboldt.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Humboldt", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hutia": { + "definition": "Any of the medium-sized rodents of the subfamily Capromyinae, which inhabit the Caribbean islands.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nTaíno *hutiyabor.\nSpanish jutíabor.\nEnglish hutia\nBorrowed from Spanish jutía.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hutia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hypaethral": { + "definition": "Open-air, outdoor, exposed to the sky.", + "origin": "From Latin hypaethrus, from Ancient Greek ὕπαιθρος (húpaithros), from ὑπό (hupó) + αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “air, ether”).", + "sentence": "There was a dignity in their hypaethral presence kin to summer’s first morning of taurine light in the pepper trees of Uruguay.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypaethral", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1974, Guy Davenport, Tatlin!:" + }, + "hyssop": { + "definition": "Any of several aromatic bushy herbs, of the genus Hyssopus, native to Southern Europe and once used medicinally.", + "origin": "Via Latin hȳsōpum, from Ancient Greek ὕσσωπος (hússōpos), of Semitic origin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hyssop", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hysteresis": { + "definition": "A property of a system such that an output value is not a strict function of the corresponding input, but also incorporates some lag, delay, or history dependence, and in particular when the response for a decrease in the input variable is different from the response for an increase. For example, a thermostat with a nominal setpoint of 75° might switch the controlled heat source on when the temperature drops below 74°, and off when it rises above 76°.", + "origin": "Coined by Sir James Alfred Ewing from Ancient Greek ὑστέρησις (hustérēsis, “shortcoming”), from ὑστερέω (husteréō, “I am late, fall short”), from ὕστερος (hústeros, “later”). By surface analysis, hyster- (“higher, outer, latter, next”) + -esis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hysteresis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "hysteron proteron": { + "definition": "A figure of speech in which a phrase that should come last is put first; hysterology.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek, from ὕστερον (hústeron, “latter, arriving late”) + πρότερον (próteron, “former, before”).", + "sentence": "\"He is well and lives\" is a hysteron proteron.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hysteron%20proteron", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "icosahedron": { + "definition": "A polyhedron with twenty faces.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek εἰκοσάεδρον (eikosáedron), from εἴκοσι (eíkosi, “twenty”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “face of a geometrical solid”). Equivalent to icosa- + -hedron.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/icosahedron", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ikat": { + "definition": "Traditional Indonesian decorative technique in which warp or weft threads, or both, are tie-dyed before weaving.", + "origin": "From Malay ikat (“bind”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ikat", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ikebana": { + "definition": "The Japanese art of flower arrangement.", + "origin": "From Japanese 生け花 (ikebana, literally “living flowers”).", + "sentence": "Along with the island’s 3,000 other Japanese American residents, she celebrated Japanese holidays; learned the art of flower arranging, ikebana; and wore kimonos.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ikebana", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 June 10, Morgan Ome, “What Reparations Actually Bought”, in The Atlantic:" + }, + "immie": { + "definition": "A marble (small ball used in children's games).", + "origin": "Diminutive of imitation agate, + -ie. Compare aggie.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/immie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "in medias res": { + "definition": "In the middle of a storyline.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin in mediās rēs (literally “into the middle of things”).", + "sentence": "This novel begins in medias res.", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in%20medias%20res", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "in silico": { + "definition": "In computer simulation or in virtual reality.", + "origin": "Pseudo-Latinism, derived from in and silicon (from Latin silex (“flint, pebble, stone; crag, rock”)) + Latin -ō, by analogy with English in vitro (“in glass, referring to an experiment conducted in a test tube”). The silico component refers to silicon chips which were used for computing at the time when the term was coined.", + "sentence": "He was able to dissect the frog in silico.", + "part_of_speech": "prep_phrase", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in%20silico", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "incunabula": { + "definition": "Early printed books.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incunabula", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "inglenook": { + "definition": "A nook or corner beside an open fireplace; a chimney corner.", + "origin": "From ingle (“open fireplace”) + nook.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inglenook", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ingot": { + "definition": "A solid block of more or less pure metal, often but not necessarily bricklike in shape and trapezoidal in cross-section, the result of pouring out and cooling molten metal, often immediately after smelting from raw ore or alloying from constituents.", + "origin": "From Middle English ingot (“mould for casting metal”), of uncertain origin. In all likelihood the same word as Middle French lingot, but the direction of borrowing is hard to establish, particularly as the word appears simultaneously (ca. 1390) in both languages.\n* Assuming English origin, from Old English ingoten, past participle of inġēotan (“to pour in”), derived from Proto-Germanic *geutaną (“to pour”, whence archaic English yote). Compare Old English ingyte (“a pouring-in, infusion”), which is formed with a related noun (Proto-Germanic *gutiz, whence German Guss, Swedish göt). Also related with English gote, goit.\n* Assuming French origin, from a diminutive of Old Occitan lenga (“tongue”), so called because of the elongated form. (The presence or absence of initial l- has to do, in any case, with rebracketing of the French definite article.)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ingot", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "insouciance": { + "definition": "Carelessness, heedlessness, indifference, or casual unconcern.", + "origin": "From French insouciance, from in- (“not”) + souciant (“worrying”).", + "sentence": "So Gelernter, with an insouciance he now regrets, also chose a Lovelace as a namesake—Linda, the lead actress in \"Deep Throat.\"", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/insouciance", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1995 May 21, Steven Levy, “The Unabomber and David Gelernter”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:" + }, + "integument": { + "definition": "A shell or other outer protective layer.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin integumentum (“a covering”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/integument", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "internecine": { + "definition": "Mutually destructive; most often applied to warfare.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin internecīnus (“deadly”), from internecium (“a massacre, bloodbath; an eradication”) + -īnus. In Latin, the sememe 'between' was here not expressed by the prefix, it instead either had a somewhat emphatic meaning or meant \"down, under\", comparable to its use in other Latin terms related to death: see interficiō and intereō. The English current sense is thus a reanalysis of the Latin through English inter-.", + "sentence": "Internecine strife in Gaza claimed its most senior victim yesterday when militants assassinated one of the most hated security chiefs there.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/internecine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "interregnum": { + "definition": "A break in continuity; a gap, an intermission.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin interrēgnum, from inter- (prefix meaning ‘between’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”)) + rēgnum (“reign; royal power”) (nominalized from the neuter of *rēgnus, from rēx (“king; ruler”, oblique stem rēg-) + -nus (suffix forming adjectives), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to righten; to straighten”)).\nThe plural form interregna is a learned borrowing from Latin interrēgna.", + "sentence": "Another element leading to the quick-out-of-the-gate second Trump term took place during the four-year interregnum of President Joe Biden.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interregnum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 January 30, Linda Feldmann, “Understanding the Trump chaos: It’s about wielding executive power”, in The Christian Science Monitor:" + }, + "Inugsuk": { + "definition": "A medieval Inuit culture of western Greenland.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Inugsuk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Inuk": { + "definition": "A member of one of the several indigenous peoples from the Arctic who descended from the Thule.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Inuktitut ᐃᓄᒃ (inok, “person”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Inuk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "isagoge": { + "definition": "An introduction, especially (particularly capitalized) Porphyry's introduction to the works of Aristotle.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin īsagōgē, from Ancient Greek εἰσαγωγή (eisagōgḗ, “lead-in”), from εἰς (eis, “into”) + ἀγωγή (agōgḗ, “to lead”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/isagoge", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Ishihara test": { + "definition": "A test for red-green color blindness, using a number of colored plates (Ishihara plates), each of which contains a circle of dots of various colors and sizes. Depending on the person's vision, certain dots within the pattern will appear to form recognizable numbers or shapes.", + "origin": "Devised by Shinobu Ishihara, a professor at the University of Tokyo, who first published his tests in 1917.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ishihara%20test", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "isosceles": { + "definition": "Having (at least) two sides of equal length, used especially of a triangle or trapezoid.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin īsoscelēs, from Ancient Greek ἰσοσκελής (isoskelḗs, “equal-legged”), from ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + σκέλος (skélos, “leg”) + -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix).\nSee also iso-.", + "sentence": "Upon each exterior side draw an Isosceles Triangle of 480 Fathoms.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/isosceles", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1693, Abel Swall, transl., The New Method of Fortification, as Practised by Monsieur de Vavban, Engineer General of France, 2nd edition, \"A New Treatise of Fortification\", page 96:" + }, + "ivermectin": { + "definition": "A compound of the avermectin group, used as an anthelmintic in veterinary medicine and as a treatment for river blindness.", + "origin": "From di- + avermectin.", + "sentence": "Yu has refused the ivermectin requests, he said, but he knows some of his colleagues have not.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ivermectin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 August 30, Emma Goldberg, “Demand Surges for Deworming Drug for Covid, Despite Scant Evidence It Works”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 03 Sep 2021:" + }, + "ichthyology": { + "definition": "A branch of zoology that studies fish.", + "origin": "From ichthyo- + -logy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ichthyology", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jai alai": { + "definition": "a Basque ball game in which the players propel the ball using a long basket attached to the wrist", + "origin": "From Spanish, from Basque jai (“festival”) + alai (“merry”), coined by 19th century writer Serafín Baroja in order to replace the non-native name pilota. However, although jai alai is composed of Basque words, it is not the name actually used in Basque.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jai%20alai", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jalousie": { + "definition": "A component in a ventilation system.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French jalousie. Doublet of jealousy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jalousie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "jasmone": { + "definition": "A colourless or pale yellow liquid compound extracted from the volatile portion of the oil from jasmine flowers, used in perfumery and cosmetics.", + "origin": "From jasmine + -one.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jasmone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "je ne sais quoi": { + "definition": "An indefinable quality that makes something distinctive or attractive.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French je ne sais quoi (literally “I don't know what”).", + "sentence": "She has a certain je ne sais quoi about her.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/je%20ne%20sais%20quoi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "jerboa": { + "definition": "Any of a number of species comprising the family Dipodidae, native to the deserts of Asia and northern Africa, being a small, jumping rodent with a long tufted tail, very small forefeet and very long hind legs.", + "origin": "From Arabic جَرْبُوع (jarbūʕ) or يَرْبُوع (yarbūʕ). Doublet of gerbil.", + "sentence": "The small mammals include typical desert forms such as the burrowing rodents of the jerboa family and the jird or gerbil subfamily.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jerboa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2001, Peter Haggett, editor, China and Taiwan: Animal Life: Desert, River and Forest Specialists: Encyclopedia of World Geography, volume 24, page 2796:" + }, + "joropo": { + "definition": "A musical style resembling the waltz, performed in Venezuela and Colombia.", + "origin": "From Spanish joropo.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/joropo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Jungian": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to the psychology of Carl Jung.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Jung\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānusbor.\nEnglish -ian\nEnglish Jungian\nFrom Jung + -ian.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Jungian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kakapo": { + "definition": "A large flightless parrot, Strigops habroptilus, with greenish plumage, that is nocturnal and native to New Zealand.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nMāori kāredup.\nMāori kākā\nProto-Polynesian *po\nMāori pō\nMāori kākāpōbor.\nEnglish kakapo\nBorrowed from Māori kākāpō.", + "sentence": "Analyses of the DNA fragments preserved in the moa and kakapo coprolites showed that moa and kakapo fed on fungi.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kakapo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2018 April 4, Hanneke Meijer, “On fossil poo and picky eaters: a new study sheds light on New Zealand's past ecosystem”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 04 Apr 2018:" + }, + "kaleidoscope": { + "definition": "An instrument consisting of a tube containing mirrors and loose, colourful beads or other objects; when the tube is looked into and rotated, a succession of symmetrical designs can be seen.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kal-\nProto-Indo-European *kal-wo-s?\nAncient Greek κᾰλϝός (kălwós)\nAncient Greek καλός (kalós)\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *wéydos\nProto-Hellenic *wéidos\nAncient Greek εἶδος (eîdos)\nProto-Indo-European *speḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *spéḱyeti\nProto-Hellenic *sképt͏̌omai\nAncient Greek σκέπτομαι (sképtomai)\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Hellenic *-ós\n▲\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)influ.\nAncient Greek -ός (-ós)\nAncient Greek σκοπός (skopós)\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *-eyéti\nProto-Indo-European *-esyéti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nAncient Greek -έω (-éō)\nAncient Greek σκοπέω (skopéō)der.\nEnglish -scope\nEnglish kaleidoscope\nThe noun is derived from Ancient Greek καλός (kalós, “beautiful, lovely”) + εἶδος (eîdos, “form, image, shape”) + English -scope (suffix denoting an instrument used for examination or viewing), coined by the British scientist David Brewster (1781–1868) in his 1817 patent for the invention: see the quotation.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "The mind of Petrarch was like a kaleidoscope.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kaleidoscope", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1824 April, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “[Contributions to Knight’s Quarterly Magazine.] Criticisms on the Principal Italian Writers. No. II. Petrarch.”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC, page 49:" + }, + "kalimba": { + "definition": "A type of thumb piano, similar to the mbira.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kalimba", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Kannada": { + "definition": "The Dravidian language that is the official language of the state of Karnataka, India.", + "origin": "From Kannada ಕನ್ನಡ (kannaḍa). Doublet of Canara.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kannada", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kapparah": { + "definition": "Atonement.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Hebrew כַּפָּרָה (kapará).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kapparah", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "katakana": { + "definition": "A Japanese syllabary used when writing words borrowed from foreign languages other than Chinese, specific names of plants and animals and other jargon, onomatopoeia, or to emphasize a word or phrase. Also used to write the Ainu language.", + "origin": "From Japanese 片(かた)仮(か)名(な) (katakana).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/katakana", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "katana": { + "definition": "A type of Japanese longsword, having a single edge and slight curvature, historically used by samurai and ninja.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 刀 (katana, “single-edged sword”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/katana", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kathakali": { + "definition": "a spectacular lyric dance drama of southern India performed with acrobatic energy and highly stylized pantomime.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Malayalam കഥകളി (kathakaḷi).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kathakali", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kepi": { + "definition": "A cap with a flat circular top and a visor, particularly associated with French uniforms.", + "origin": "From French képi, from Switzerland German Käppi, diminutive of Kappe, from Middle High German kappe, from Old High German kappa, from Latin cappa. Akin to English cap.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kepi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Keplerian": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to Johannes Kepler, German astronomer and mathematician.", + "origin": "From Kepler + -ian.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Keplerian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Keynesian": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to an economic theory based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, as put forward in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s, and extensively extended by a large body of followers before and after his death in 1946.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Keynes\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānusbor.\nEnglish -ian\nEnglish Keynesian\nFrom Keynes + -ian.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Keynesian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kichel": { + "definition": "a sweet cracker or cookie in Jewish cuisine", + "origin": "Borrowed from Yiddish קיכל (kikhl).", + "sentence": "Even so, in Eastern Europe, the party tended to be very modest, including some herring, kichel and schnapps.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kichel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2024, David Golinkin, “The Origin and History of the Bar/Bat Mitzvah Ceremony”, in Responsa in a Moment, volume 4, page 51:" + }, + "kipuka": { + "definition": "A zone of unharmed land completely surrounded by lava flows.", + "origin": "From Hawaiian kīpuka.", + "sentence": "There’s a word Trevor once told me about, one he learned from Buford, who served in the navy in Hawaii during the Korean War: kipuka.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kipuka", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 171:" + }, + "kiva": { + "definition": "A ceremonial underground chamber in a Pueblo village.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Hopi kíva.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kiva", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Kjeldahl": { + "definition": "A surname from Danish.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kjeldahl", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kobold": { + "definition": "A mischievous elf or goblin, or one connected (and helpful) to a family or household.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Kobold. Doublet of cobalt.", + "sentence": "When the Kobold is about coming into any place, he first, in this way, makes trial of the disposition of the family.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kobold", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume II, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 41:" + }, + "koh-i-noor": { + "definition": "Any very large and valuable diamond.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Classical Persian کوهِ نُور (kōh-i nūr, literally “mountain of light”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Koh-i-Noor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Koine": { + "definition": "The “common” Greek language that developed and flourished between 300 B.C.E. and 300 C.E. (the time of the Roman Empire), and from which Modern Greek descended. It was based on the Attic and Ionian dialects of Ancient Greek.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κοινή (Koinḗ), from ἡ κοινὴ διάλεκτος (hē koinḕ diálektos, “the common dialect”), from κοινός (koinós, “shared, common, public, general, ordinary, usual”). Doublet of koinon.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Koine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "koji": { + "definition": "A substance that is produced by letting a mold, especially Aspergillus oryzae, grow on rice, barley, soybeans, etc., used to make fermented products such as sake, amazake, miso, and soy sauce.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 麹 (kōji).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/koji", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "korrigan": { + "definition": "A long-haired nocturnal and often malevolent Breton fairy princess; such creatures considered collectively.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Breton korrigan, from korr (“dwarf”) + -ig (diminutive suffix) + -an (hypocoristic suffix).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/korrigan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "krewe": { + "definition": "A private organization in New Orleans or elsewhere that exists to stage a Mardi Gras Ball, Mardi Gras Parade, or both.", + "origin": "An intentionally archaic (or fanciful) spelling of crew, from the name of \"The Mistick Krewe of Comus\", the first such private organization.", + "sentence": "“The true solution for sustainable Mardi Gras is not biodegradation, but people's mindset,” he says. “Many krewe members are aware it's time to change.”", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/krewe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2026 February 17, Simmone Shah, quoting Naohiro Kato, “Biodegradable Beads Are Helping Mardi Gras Go Green”, in TIME, archived from the original on 25 Feb 2026:" + }, + "kriegspiel": { + "definition": "A board game used to train military tactics and strategy.", + "origin": "From German Kriegspiel, literally war game.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kriegspiel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kwashiorkor": { + "definition": "A form of malnutrition, found in children, caused by dietary insufficiency of protein in combination with a high-carbohydrate diet.", + "origin": "From Ga kwašiɔkɔ, kwàṣìɔkɔ́ (“the sickness the older child gets when the next baby is born”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kwashiorkor", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "kyphoplasty": { + "definition": "A medical procedure that restores the original height and angle of kyphosis of a fractured vertebra and then stabilizes it with the injection of bone filler material.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek κυφός (kuphós) + -plasty.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kyphoplasty", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "La Tène": { + "definition": "A Swiss commune.", + "origin": "From French La Tène.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/La%20T%C3%A8ne", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "laccolith": { + "definition": "A mass of igneous or volcanic rock found within strata which forces the overlaying strata upwards and forms domes.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, “cistern”) + -lith.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/laccolith", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lanceolate": { + "definition": "Of a class of knapped stone points, made without a stem, shoulders, notches, or other features that aid in attachment to a shaft.", + "origin": "From Latin lanceolātus.", + "sentence": "The stone tools in these levels include Still Bay points, beautifully shaped thin lanceolate spear points, flaked on both sides.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lanceolate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2011, Chris Stringer, The Origin of Our Species, Penguin, published 2012, page 127:" + }, + "langrage": { + "definition": "Scraps of metal used to fire at an enemy in naval warfare.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/langrage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "laterigrade": { + "definition": "Having a mode of locomotion involving sideways movement.", + "origin": "From Latin latus (stem later-) + -grade (“way of walking”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/laterigrade", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Latinxua": { + "definition": "A group of methods of Chinese romanization that uses a set of 28 characters and does not include tone markers.", + "origin": "From the Latinxua romanization Latinxua of Mandarin 拉丁化 (lādīnghuà, literally “Latinization”), the first part of 拉丁化新文字 (lādīnghuà xīn wénzì, literally “Latinized New Script”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Latinxua", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lebensraum": { + "definition": "Hitherto unoccupied “living space” claimed as one’s rightful domain.", + "origin": "A generalised use of Lebensraum.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lebensraum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lebkuchen": { + "definition": "A traditional German Christmas biscuit form of gingerbread.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Lebkuchen, from Middle High German lebekuoche.", + "sentence": "The kettle was coming to the boil, and the tray was ready with two teacups and the little sweet lebkuchen that Rachel liked.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lebkuchen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, Alan Hollinghurst, The Line of Beauty […], London: Picador, →ISBN:" + }, + "lecithin": { + "definition": "The principal phospholipid in animals; it is particularly abundant in egg yolks, and is extracted commercially from soy. It is a major constituent of cell membranes, and is commonly used as a food additive (as an emulsifier).", + "origin": "From French lécithine, coined in 1847 by Theodore Gobley, from Ancient Greek λέκιθος (lékithos, “egg yolk”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lecithin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lefse": { + "definition": "A traditional soft Norwegian flatbread made from potato, flour, and milk or cream (or sometimes lard) and cooked on a griddle.", + "origin": "From Norwegian lefse.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lefse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lierre": { + "definition": "A grayish olive colour.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French lierre (“ivy”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lierre", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lilliputian": { + "definition": "A very small person or being.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nIrish [Term?]bor.?\nEnglish Lilliput\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānusbor.\nEnglish -ian\nEnglish lilliputian\nFrom the name of a fictional island called Lilliput in the novel Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift.", + "sentence": "I reflected what a Mortification it muſt prove to me to appear as inconſiderable in this Nation as one ſingle Lilliputian would be among us.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lilliputian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Great Storm Described, the Long-Boat Sent to Fetch Water, the Author Goes with It to Discover the Country. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag), page 158:" + }, + "limaçon": { + "definition": "A plane curve with polar equation ρ=a+b, sin ,θ or ρ=a+b, cos ,θ, of which the cardioid is a special case.", + "origin": "From French limaçon, ultimately from Latin limax (“snail”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lima%C3%A7on", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Llullaillaco": { + "definition": "A dormant stratovolcano at the border of Argentina and Chile.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Llullaillaco", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lobscouse": { + "definition": "A dish of meat stewed with vegetables and ship biscuit.", + "origin": "Possibly from Yorkshire dialect lob (“boil”, literally “bubbling up”) + scouse, a word of unknown origin.\nCompare lapskaus, Dutch lapskous, Norwegian Bokmål lapskaus, German Labskaus, Danish skipperlabskovs/labskovs; also English loblolly.", + "sentence": "The food was called lobscouse, made up of minced salted beef, and hard biscuits mixed with water.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lobscouse", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1933, Frank Clune, Try Anything Once, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 38:" + }, + "loess": { + "definition": "Any sediment, dominated by silt, of eolian (wind-blown) origin.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Löss (“yellowish-gray soil”), from Alemannic German lösch (“loose”). Cognate with German los and English lease.", + "sentence": "The Yellow River—the “Sorrow of China”—comes down from the loess hills into the great plain of China on a gently sloping fan.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loess", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1951, Herbert Hoover, “Engineering in China 1899–1902”, in The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover, Years of Adventure 1874–1920, New York: Macmillan Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 45:" + }, + "logothete": { + "definition": "Any of various state officials or functionaries in the Byzantine Empire.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *lóǵos\nProto-Hellenic *lógos\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nAncient Greek -της (-tēs)\nAncient Greek θέτης (thétēs)\nByzantine Greek λογοθέτης (logothétēs)bor.\nMedieval Latin logothetalbor.\nEnglish logothete\nLearned borrowing from Medieval Latin logotheta, borrowed from Byzantine Greek λογοθέτης (logothétēs), from Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos) + θέτης (thétēs).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/logothete", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "lokelani": { + "definition": "The damask rose.", + "origin": "From Hawaiian loke lani.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lokelani", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "louche": { + "definition": "Of questionable taste or morality; decadent.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French louche.", + "sentence": "Upstairs Downstairs hosts the Kennedys and Wallis Simpson (these days, in British culture, the archetypal louche American).", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/louche", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012 February 25, “The other half lives: The transatlantic appeal of the British ruling classes”, in The Economist, archived from the original on 28 Apr 2016:" + }, + "loupe": { + "definition": "A magnifying glass, usually mounted in an eyepiece, often used by jewellers and watchmakers.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French loupe.", + "sentence": "The watchmaker himself, a white-haired éminence grise, was bent over his work, a jeweler’s loupe in his eye, when I walked in.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loupe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2026 April 24, Robert Klose, “Fix my watch, tell me a story”, in The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Massachusetts: Christian Science Publishing Society, →ISSN, →OCLC:" + }, + "mortadella": { + "definition": "A smooth-textured Italian pork sausage with lumps of fat, flavoured with spices; eaten cold.", + "origin": "From Italian mortadella, from diminutive of Latin murtatum (“sausage seasoned with myrtle berries”), from myrtatum, from myrtus, from Ancient Greek μύρτος (múrtos).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mortadella", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "macaque": { + "definition": "Any of a group of Old World monkeys of the genus Macaca.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French macaque, from Portuguese macaco, of uncertain origin (see macaco for more). Doublet of macaco.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macaque", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "motherumbung": { + "definition": "The eastern Australian tree Acacia cheelii.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/motherumbung", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "macchiato": { + "definition": "Espresso topped with steamed milk.", + "origin": "From Italian caffè macchiato (“stained coffee”), from macchiato (“stained, marked”), as the coffee is “marked” with a spot of milk. From Latin maculātus (“stained”), form of macula (“stain”).\nCognate to English macula (“[dark] spot”), French maculé.", + "sentence": "Formerly used only in Italy and Seattle, it includes such tongue activators as latte, lungo, cappuccino, ristretto, macchiato, mochaccino and Americano.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macchiato", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1995 July 19, Suzanne Hamlin, “Coffee Drinks That Are Cool and Creamy”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 15 Dec 2022:" + }, + "mozo": { + "definition": "A male servant, especially an attendant to a bullfighter.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish mozo.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mozo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "macigno": { + "definition": "A soft sandstone with calcareous cement.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian macigno.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macigno", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "muesli": { + "definition": "A breakfast dish based on uncooked rolled oats and fruit.", + "origin": "From Alemannic German Müesli, a diminutive of Mues (“a mashed dish”); compare Dutch moes.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/muesli", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mackinaw": { + "definition": "A heavy woolen cloth.", + "origin": "Respelling of Mackinac, a strait between Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, an island in the strait, and an important trading-post on the island; ultimately from Ojibwe mishinii-makinaang (“at the place of many snapping turtles”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mackinaw", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mufti": { + "definition": "A civilian dress when worn by a member of the military or the police, or casual dress when worn by a pupil of a school who normally would wear uniform.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish مفتی (müfti), from Arabic مُفْتِي (muftī, “fatwa-deliverer”, literally “deliverer of formal opinion”).", + "sentence": "Except on special occasions, the British officers are almost always in mufti.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mufti", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1921 October, Maxwell H. H. Macartney, “An Ex-Enemy in Berlin to-Day”, in The Atlantic:" + }, + "macushla": { + "definition": "My darling, my dear.", + "origin": "From Irish mo chuisle (“my pulse”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macushla", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "muktuk": { + "definition": "The skin and blubber of a whale, traditionally used as food by the Inuit.", + "origin": "From Inuktitut (Inuvialuktun) ᒪᖅᑕᖅ (maqtaq) and Inupiaq maktak (“whaleskin with attached blubber”). Spelling influenced by English muck and tuck.", + "sentence": "As tired families load up their share of meat and muktuk, I wonder just how long this tradition will continue.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/muktuk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990 August, Richard Olsenius, “Eskimos pull together for a whale harvest”, in National Geographic, volume 178, number 2, page 29:" + }, + "mademoiselle": { + "definition": "A courtesy title for an unmarried woman in France or a French-speaking country.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French mademoiselle.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mademoiselle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "muliebrity": { + "definition": "The state or quality of being a woman; the features of a woman's nature; femininity, womanhood.", + "origin": "From Late Latin muliebritās (“womanhood; womanliness”), from Latin muliēbris (“feminine, womanly”) + -tās (suffix forming nouns indicating a state of being); or from muliēbris + -ity; compare Middle French muliebrité. Muliēbris is derived from mulier (“woman; wife”) (from mollior (“softer; milder; weaker”), comparative form of mollis (“soft; mild, tender; weak”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“soft; tender; weak”)) + -brīs (noun suffix denoting a person).", + "sentence": "This permanence of muliebrity serves to indicate the requirements of natural law.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/muliebrity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1904 September, H. B. Marriott-Watson [i.e., H[enry] B[rereton] Marriott Watson], “The American Woman: An Analysis”, in James Knowles, editor, The Nineteenth Century and After: A Monthly Review, volume LVI, number CCCXXXI, London: Spottiswoode & Co. Ltd., printers […], →OCLC, page 435:" + }, + "maillot": { + "definition": "A one-piece swimsuit (for women).", + "origin": "Borrowed from French maillot (“shirt, leotard”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maillot", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Muzak": { + "definition": "Recorded background music characterized by soft, soothing instrumental sounds which is transmitted by wire, radio, or recorded media (originally on a subscription basis) to doctors' offices, shops, and other business premises.", + "origin": "The noun is a blend of music + the letters ak from Kodak, a well-known brand in 1934 when the word was coined by the American inventor, scientist, and soldier George Owen Squier (1865–1934), who developed the original technical basis for the service.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "It dawned on her that he was talking about the Muzak.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Muzak", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 5, in The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 105:" + }, + "majuscule": { + "definition": "Capital letters.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French majuscule, from Latin majuscula (littera).", + "sentence": "Up to this point, Loveday appeared to be an exceptionally typical undergraduate, in that he wrote in majuscule what his fellows scribbled in lower case.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/majuscule", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1951, Arthur Calder-Marshall, The Magic of My Youth, R. Hart-Davis, page 111:" + }, + "myeloma": { + "definition": "A malignant tumour arising from cells of the bone marrow, specifically plasma cells.", + "origin": "From myelo- + -oma.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myeloma", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "malaise": { + "definition": "A feeling of general bodily discomfort, fatigue or unpleasantness, often at the onset of illness.", + "origin": "From French malaise (“ill ease”), from mal- (“bad, badly”) + aise (“ease”). Compare ill at ease.", + "sentence": "It also became synonymous with a lack of respect for passengers, a disregard for planning in stations, and a general malaise in the rail industry.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malaise", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2025 November 12, Tom Edwards, “Tackling the 'Euston Rush'”, in RAIL, number 1048, page 32:" + }, + "Mandelbrot set": { + "definition": "the set of complex numbers c for which the orbit of 0 under iteration of the complex quadratic polynomial zₙ₊₁ = zₙ² + c remains bounded. The boundary of this set is a fractal.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mandelbrot%20set", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mandorla": { + "definition": "A vesica piscis-shaped aureola that surrounds the figures of Christ and the Virgin Mary, or represents God the Father (who is not traditionally depicted) in traditional Eastern Christian art.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian mandorla. Doublet of almond, amygdala, and amygdale.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mandorla", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mandragora": { + "definition": "The root of such a plant, traditionally used as a narcotic.", + "origin": "From Medieval Latin mandragora, from Latin mandragorās.", + "sentence": "The worst fodder for a President is not poppy and mandragora, but strychnine and adrenalin.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mandragora", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1933 January 30, H.L. Mencken, “The Coolidge Mystery”, in H.L. Mencken On Politics, published 1996, →ISBN, page 136:" + }, + "mangonel": { + "definition": "A traction trebuchet (trebuchet operated by manpower).", + "origin": "From Old French mangonel, from Latin manganellus, manganum, from Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mangonel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Manu": { + "definition": "A title accorded to the progenitor of mankind, first king to rule this earth, who saved mankind from a great global flood.", + "origin": "Transliteration of Sanskrit मनु (manu, “man, mankind”). Doublet of man and mann.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Manu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "maquillage": { + "definition": "Makeup, cosmetics, or its application, especially in theatrical or excessive use.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French maquillage.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maquillage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Marathi": { + "definition": "An Indo-Aryan language that is the predominant language spoken in the state of Maharashtra, India.", + "origin": "From Marathi मराठी (marāṭhī). Doublet of Maharashtri.", + "sentence": "I made a pact with her that she would teach me more Marathi and I could teach her the English alphabet.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Marathi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 110:" + }, + "marcel": { + "definition": "A hairstyle characterized by deep waves made by a curling iron.", + "origin": "Apparently from the French name Marcel, but accounts vary regarding who invented the style.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marcel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "marcescent": { + "definition": "Withered, but still attached.", + "origin": "From Latin marcescens, present participle of marcescere.", + "sentence": "How often is the flower of human life marcescent, tenacious of its old estate when the blooming-time is past.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marcescent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "a. 1893, Edith M. Thomas, The Undertime of the Year, published in The Atlantic Monthly, volume 72 (October 1893), page 452" + }, + "mascarpone": { + "definition": "A soft, creamy Italian cheese that is not pressed or aged; often used in desserts.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian mascarpone, from Lombard.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mascarpone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mediobrome": { + "definition": "A variant of the bromoil process.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "For darkening any print area larger than a spot, mediobrome is the best friend of the bungling tyro with ten thumbs!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mediobrome", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1949, PSA Journal, volume 15, page 604:" + }, + "medulla": { + "definition": "The soft inner part of something, especially the pith of a fruit.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin medulla (“pith, marrow”), perhaps from medius (“middle”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/medulla", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "megacephalic": { + "definition": "Having an extremely large head.", + "origin": "From mega- + -cephalic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/megacephalic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "megrims": { + "definition": "Chiefly preceded by the: depression, low spirits, unhappiness.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Thou art properly my cephalick ſnuff, and art no bad medicine againſt megrims, vertigoes, and profound thinking—ha, ha, ha.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/megrims", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1766, George Colman, David Garrick, The Clandestine Marriage, a Comedy. […], London: […] T. Becket and P. A. De Hondt, […]; R[oberts] Baldwin, […]; R. Davis, […]; and T[homas] Davies, […], →OCLC, Act IV, scene ii, page 58:" + }, + "meiosis": { + "definition": "A figure of speech in which something is presented as smaller or less significant than it actually appears.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek μείωσις (meíōsis, “a lessening”), from μειόω (meióō, “I lessen”), from μείων (meíōn, “less”). The biological sense was coined by British biologists John Bretland Farmer and John Edmund Sharrock Moore in 1905 as maiosis in a paper in the Quarterly Journal of Microscopic Science, with the spelling corrected on etymological grounds later that year. Doublet of miosis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meiosis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mele": { + "definition": "A chant in Polynesia, especially Hawaii, typically in praise of a leader or to commemorate some significant event.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Hawaiian mele.", + "sentence": "Lili‘u set to work assisting Fornander by translating mele and legends for him.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mele", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012, Julia Flynn Siler, Lost Kingdom, Grove Press, page 49:" + }, + "mellifluous": { + "definition": "Sweet, smooth and musical; pleasant to hear (generally used of a person's voice, tone or writing style).", + "origin": "From Middle English mellifluous, mellyfluous, from Latin mellifluus (“flowing like honey”) + -ous, from mel (“honey”) + fluō (“flow”). Compare superfluous and fluid, from same root, and with dulcet (“sweet speech”), alternative Latinate term with a similar meaning.", + "sentence": "Radio proved a perfect fit for the mellifluous tones of Mr.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mellifluous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2022 July 12, Simon Montlake, “In Jan. 6 spotlight, Mike Pence navigates a tricky post-Trump path”, in The Christian Science Monitor:" + }, + "meringue": { + "definition": "A mixture consisting of beaten egg whites and either sugar or other flavorings; it is often baked to brown the surface and may be used as a topping or in other ways, most often as a dessert.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French meringue. Historically, it was believed that meringue was invented in and named for the Swiss village of Meiringen, but the term is now thought to derive instead from Middle Dutch meringue (“light evening meal”), of unclear origin:\n* perhaps from Latin merenda (“light evening meal”), or\n* perhaps from Middle Dutch *meren (“to dip or soak bread”), from Old Dutch *meren, itself of unclear origin:\n** perhaps from Proto-Germanic *marjaną (“to grind, pound”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to rub, pack”).\n** perhaps from Proto-Germanic *marhin (“soup of bread and wine or water”), from Proto-Indo-European *mark-, *merk- (“wet”).\nCompare Middle Low German meringe (from mern (“to dip bread in wine”)), Middle High German merunge (from mëren (“to soak bread in wine or water for dinner”)), Old English merian (“to purify, cleanse, test”). Doublet of merengue.", + "sentence": "The key to a good baked Alaska is the meringue topping.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meringue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Metonic cycle": { + "definition": "A particular approximate common multiple of the tropical year and the synodic month; in other words, the 19-year period over which the lunar phases occur on the same dates.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "According to the Metonic cycle, a lunar calendar begins on the same solar date every 19 years.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Metonic%20cycle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "microfiche": { + "definition": "A device used to magnify and read these sheets.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nFrench micro-\nFrench fiche\nFrench microfichebor.\nEnglish microfiche\nBorrowed from French microfiche.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/microfiche", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Mirach": { + "definition": "A red giant, visible as a second-magnitude orange-red star marking the waist or girdle of the chained woman in the northern constellation of Andromeda.", + "origin": "Perhaps a corruption of Arabic مِئْزَر (miʔzar).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mirach", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "miscible": { + "definition": "Able to be mixed together in all proportions.", + "origin": "From Middle English miscible, from Late Latin miscibilis (“that can be mixed”), from Latin miscēre (“to mix”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/miscible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "mittimus": { + "definition": "A warrant issued for someone to be taken into custody.", + "origin": "From Latin mittimus (the opening word of such a document), first-person plural of mittō (“send”).", + "sentence": "Away George, away, raise the watch at Ludgate, and bring a Mittimus from the Iustice for this desperate villaine.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mittimus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1607 (first performance), [Francis Beaumont], The Knight of the Burning Pestle, London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Walter Burre, […], published 1613, →OCLC, Act III, signature F2, verso:" + }, + "moiety": { + "definition": "A specific segment of a molecule.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Middle French moytié, from Old French meitié (“half”) (modern French moitié (“half”)), from Late Latin medietās (“centre, midpoint; half”), from Latin medius (“half; middle”) + -tās (from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts (suffix forming nouns indicating a state of being)). Medius is ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”), possibly from *me-dʰi- (“among; with”), from *me (“in the middle of; among; with”). The word is a doublet of mediety.", + "sentence": "Aniline has both a phenyl and an amino moiety.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moiety", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "mondegreen": { + "definition": "A form of (possibly intentional) error arising from mishearing a spoken or sung phrase, possibly in a different language.", + "origin": "Coined by American journalist and editor Sylvia Wright in 1954 in Harper's Magazine from mishearing a line in the Scottish ballad The Bonnie Earl o' Moray: “They have slain the Earl o' Moray, / And laid him on the green”, the second line being misheard as, “And Lady Mondegreen”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mondegreen", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "moraine": { + "definition": "An accumulation of rocks and debris carried and deposited by a glacier.", + "origin": "From French moraine, from Savoyard Italian morena, from Franco-Provençal mor, morre (“muzzle, snout”), from Vulgar Latin *murrum. Compare morion.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moraine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "moribund": { + "definition": "Approaching death; about to die; dying; expiring.", + "origin": "From Latin moribundus (“dying”).", + "sentence": "These moribund shapes were free as air—and nearly as thin.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moribund", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 206, column 2:" + }, + "morion": { + "definition": "A kind of open brimmed helmet used by footsoldiers in the 16th and 17th centuries, having no visor or bevor.", + "origin": "From Middle French morion, from, Spanish morrión, from morra (“upper part of the head”), from morro (“muzzle, snout”), from Vulgar Latin *murrum (“muzzle, snout”). Related to moraine (“an amassment of rocks on a glacier”).", + "sentence": "The morion is a kind of open helmet, without visor or bever, somewhat resembling a hat; it was commonly worn by the harqubussiers and musqueteers.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/morion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 12:" + }, + "Nabal": { + "definition": "A nobleman described in the first book of Samuel (chapter 25) as defying David before he was king.", + "origin": "From Hebrew נָבָל (Nāḇāl).", + "sentence": "His name was Nabal and his wife’s name was Abigail.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nabal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1984, The Holy Bible, New International Version, Zondervan, →ISBN, 1 Samuel 25:3:" + }, + "nacelle": { + "definition": "The compartment that holds passengers on a dirigible, hot-air balloon, or other aerostat; a gondola.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *néh₂us\nBorrowed from French nacelle (“rowing boat, skiff; gondola (of a hot-air balloon, etc.); structure on an aircraft to house an engine”), Middle French nacelle (“rowing boat, skiff”), from Old French nacele, from Late Latin naucella, nāvicella (“small boat or ship”), from Latin nāvis (“a ship”) (from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us (“a boat”)) + -ella (diminutive suffix).\nCognates\n* Anglo-Norman naucele, naucle (“small boat”)\n* Late Latin nacella (“small boat”)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nacelle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nahcolite": { + "definition": "An evaporite, consisting of sodium bicarbonate.", + "origin": "From its chemical formula NaHCO₃, named in 1929.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nahcolite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "naïveté": { + "definition": "Lack of sophistication, experience, judgement or worldliness; artlessness; gullibility; credulity.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French naïveté. See also nativity.", + "sentence": "For his naïveté, he was systematically misled and bamboozled.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/na%C3%AFvet%C3%A9", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1995, Carl Sagan, “The Most Precious Thing”, in The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark, 1st edition, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 5:" + }, + "naricorn": { + "definition": "rhinotheca", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/naricorn", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Naugahyde": { + "definition": "An artificial leather made with a knit fabric backing and PVC coating.", + "origin": "A marketing coinage of the 1930s, from Naugatuck, Connecticut, where it was first produced, and hide; it was humorously marketed as being the skin of an animal called a Nauga.", + "sentence": "The floor was of plain yellow tile, the chairs and sofa of what looked like light green Naugahyde.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Naugahyde", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1990, Robert Klitgaard, Tropical Gangsters: One Man's Experience with Development and Decadence in Deepest Africa:" + }, + "naumachia": { + "definition": "The recreation of a sea battle staged for entertainment.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin naumachia, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ναυμαχία (naumakhía). Compare naumachy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/naumachia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "neophyte": { + "definition": "A beginner; a person who is new to a subject, skill, or belief.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin neophytus, from Ancient Greek νεόφυτος (neóphutos, “newly planted”), from νέος (néos, “new”) + φυτόν (phutón, “plant, child”). By surface analysis, neo- + -phyte.", + "sentence": "Full of the neophyte's zeal for vegetarianism, I decided to start a vegetarian club in my locality, Bayswater.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neophyte", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1927, M[ohandas] K[aramchand] Gandhi, chapter XVII, in Mahadev Desai, transl., The Story of My Experiments with Truth: Translated from the Original in Gujarati, volume I, Ahmedabad, Gujarat: Navajivan Press, →OCLC:" + }, + "Ner Tamid": { + "definition": "An \"eternal lamp\" found within Jewish synagogues, illuminating the area before or near the Torah ark.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ner%20tamid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nescience": { + "definition": "The absence of knowledge, especially of orthodox beliefs.", + "origin": "From Latin nescientia, from the present participle of nescire.", + "sentence": "Better to have honest nescience than to have militant ignorance.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nescience", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Nethinim": { + "definition": "A servant of the priests and Levites in the menial services about the tabernacle and temple.", + "origin": "From Hebrew נְתִינִים (nəṯīnīm), plural of נָתִין (“given; granted; a slave of the temple”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nethinim", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nictitate": { + "definition": "to wink or blink", + "origin": "Back-formation from nictitating.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nictitate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nidicolous": { + "definition": "Tending to stay at the nest or birthplace for a long time after birth, due to dependence on the parents for feeding and protection.", + "origin": "From Latin nīdus (“nest”) + -colous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nidicolous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nimiety": { + "definition": "State of being in excess, more than is needed.", + "origin": "Latin nimietās, from nimius (“excessive”) and nimis (“excessively”).", + "sentence": "I was only once faced with the task of auditioning a nimiety of sopranos.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nimiety", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008, Denis Norden, chapter 8, in Clips from a Life, →ISBN:" + }, + "niminy-piminy": { + "definition": "Overtly or excessively prim.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "Inside were many fine pictures, not in the niminy-piminy manner, but strong, full-coloured, and just.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/niminy-piminy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1902, Hilaire Belloc, The Path To Rome:" + }, + "nival": { + "definition": "Abounding with snow; snowy; snow-covered (now especially in reference to plant habitats).", + "origin": "From Latin nivalis, from nix, nivis (“snow”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nival", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ni-Vanuatu": { + "definition": "A citizen of Vanuatu, regardless of specific ethnic group, though usually refers to native Melanesians.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Bislama ni-Vanuatu, from French né (“born”) + Bislama Vanuatu.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ni-Vanuatu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "niveau": { + "definition": "level, grade, standard", + "origin": "From French niveau; see there for more. Doublet of level and libella.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/niveau", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nodosity": { + "definition": "A knotty swelling.", + "origin": "From nodose + -ity, from Latin nodositas.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nodosity", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nonpareil": { + "definition": "A person or thing that has no equal; a paragon.", + "origin": "From Late Middle English non-parail (“unparalleled, nonpareil”) [and other forms], from Middle French nonpareille, nonpareil (“unparalleled”) (obsolete), from non- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + pareil (“alike, like, same”). Pareil is derived from Old French pareil, from Late Latin pāriculus (“equal; like; of a number: even”), from Latin pār (“equal; like; of a number: even; suitable”) + -culus (a variant of -ulus (suffix forming diminutives)).\nNoun sense 4 (size of type standardized at 6-point) is usually taken to derive from the attractive type cut by the brothers Giovanni and Gregorio De Gregori (fl. 1482–1503 and 1496–1527 respectively) for their 1498 edition of the divine offices in Venice; it was for a long time the smallest-sized type in use.", + "sentence": "O, such love / Could be but recompens'd though you were crown'd / The nonpareil of beauty!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonpareil", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):" + }, + "notturno": { + "definition": "A nocturne.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian notturno (“nocturnal, nightly”), from Latin nocturnus, from noctū (“by night”), from nox (“night”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Doublet of nocturne.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/notturno", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "noumenon": { + "definition": "A thing as it is independent of any conceptualization or perception by the human mind, postulated by practical reason but existing in a condition which is in principle unknowable and unexperienceable.", + "origin": "From German Noumenon, from Ancient Greek νοούμενον (nooúmenon, “thing that is known”), passive present participle of νοέω (noéō, “I know”).", + "sentence": "That, we have seen, is what prevents the two truths from collapsing into an appearance/reality or phenomenon/noumenon distinction.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/noumenon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2003 January, Jay L. Garfield, Graham Priest, “Nāgārjuna and the Limits of Thought”, in Philosophy East & West, volume 53, number 1, page 16:" + }, + "nouveau": { + "definition": "New, fashionable.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau. Recognized as English in 1828. Doublet of novel.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nouveau", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nudibranch": { + "definition": "A sea slug belonging to the order Nudibranchia.", + "origin": "Circa 19th century, borrowed from translingual Nudibranchia, from Latin nudus (“naked”) + branchia (“gills”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nudibranch", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "nyctinasty": { + "definition": "The movement of leaves or petals in response to darkness; the closing of a flower at night.", + "origin": "From nycti- + -nasty. By surface analysis, nycti- + -nast + -y.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nyctinasty", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "obeisant": { + "definition": "Courteously deferential and respectful.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/obeisant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "odontiasis": { + "definition": "The growing of the teeth; teething: dentition.", + "origin": "From odonto- + -iasis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/odontiasis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "oeuvre": { + "definition": "A substantial or complete corpus of works produced by an artist, composer, or writer.", + "origin": "From French œuvre, from Old French uevre, from Latin opera (plural of Latin opus), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- (“work”). Doublet of opera, opus, and ure.", + "sentence": "Let’s “fictionalize” Foucault’s life by turning it into a biographical account of Foucault and his oeuvre or work.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oeuvre", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1997, Chris Horrocks, Introducing Foucault, Totem Books, Icon Books, →ISBN, page 7:" + }, + "ogival": { + "definition": "Having the curved, pointed shape of an ogive.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish ogive\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish ogival\nFrom ogive + -al.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ogival", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "olecranon": { + "definition": "The bony process at the top of the ulna forming the point of the elbow.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek ὠλένη (ōlénē)\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\n?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-ō\nProto-Indo-European *ḱérh₂sō\nProto-Hellenic *kárahə\nAncient Greek *κρᾱν- (*krān-)\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nAncient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)?\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ον (-ĭ́on)\nAncient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon)\nAncient Greek ὠλέκρανον (ōlékranon)bor.\nEnglish olecranon\nBorrowed from Ancient Greek ὠλέκρανον (ōlékranon).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/olecranon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "oleiculture": { + "definition": "The agricultural production of oils.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oleiculture", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "onomatopoeia": { + "definition": "The property of a word that sounds like what it represents.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥\nProto-Hellenic *ónomə\nAncient Greek ὄνομᾰ (ónomă)\nProto-Indo-European *kʷey-der.\nProto-Hellenic *kʷoiwéyō\nAncient Greek ποιέω (poiéō)\nAncient Greek ὀνομᾰτοποιός (onomătopoiós)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek ὀνομᾰτοποιῐ́ᾱ (onomătopoiĭ́ā)der.\nLatin onomatopoeïabor.\nEnglish onomatopoeia\nBorrowed from Latin onomatopoeïa, from Ancient Greek ὀνοματοποιία (onomatopoiía, “the coining of a word in imitation of a sound”), from ὀνοματοποιέω (onomatopoiéō, “to coin names”), from ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”) + ποιέω (poiéō, “to make, to do, to produce”). By surface analysis, onomato- + -poeia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onomatopoeia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "onychorrhexis": { + "definition": "fingernail and toenail brittleness and breakage, such as may be due to excessive strong soap and water exposure, nail polish remover, hypothyroidism, anemia, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or after oral retinoid therapy.", + "origin": "From onycho- + -rrhexis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onychorrhexis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "oolite": { + "definition": "A rock consisting of spherical grains within a mineral cortex accreted around a nucleus, often of quartz grains.", + "origin": "From oo- + -lite, after German Oolit.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oolite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "oopuhue": { + "definition": "globefish", + "origin": "Borrowed from Hawaiian oopuhue.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oopuhue", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Oort cloud": { + "definition": "A roughly spherical region of space composed of comet-like bodies and other minor planets and asteroids that orbit distantly in a planetary system.", + "origin": "A cloud-like structure, named after Dutch astronomer Jan Oort, who proposed it.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Oort%20cloud", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "oppidan": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to a town or conurbation.", + "origin": "From Latin oppidānus (“of a town, provincial”), from oppidum (“town which is not an urbs”) + -ānus (“-an”, adjective-forming suffix), by surface analysis, oppid(um) + -an.", + "sentence": "In terms of socio-economic impact, it appears that the water mill was an oppidan development in the Roman possessions, including Dacia.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oppidan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1982, Ion Miclea, Corneliu Bucur, An Ages-old Civilization:" + }, + "Orinoco": { + "definition": "A South American river flowing 1600 miles (2410 km) from Brazil through Venezuela to the Atlantic Ocean.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Orinoco", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ormolu": { + "definition": "Golden or gilded brass or bronze used for decorative purposes.", + "origin": "From French or moulu (literally “ground gold”).", + "sentence": "It is an old-fashioned space of pink-and-green trellis carpet and French ormolu, half-concealed by heavy brocade curtains.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ormolu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 September 23, Lauren Indvik, “God is in the details”, in FT Weekend (Life & Arts section), London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:" + }, + "orogeny": { + "definition": "The process of mountain building by the upward folding of the Earth's crust.", + "origin": "From French orogénie, from Ancient Greek ὄρος (óros, “mountain, high ground”) + γενεια (geneia, “creation, birth, making”). By surface analysis, oro- + -geny.", + "sentence": "The effects of Acadian orogeny are concentrated in central Newfoundland, decreasing in intensity to the east and west (Williams, this volume).", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/orogeny", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1993, P. A. Cawood, “Acadian orogeny in west Newfoundland: Definition, character, and significance”, in David C. Roy, James William Skehan, editors, The Acadian Orogeny: Recent Studies in New England, Geological Society of America, page 138:" + }, + "orphéon": { + "definition": "A French male choral society.", + "origin": "From French orphéon.", + "sentence": "Every orphéon had its emblems, uniforms (an expression of uniformity, as in schools), banners, medals, conviviality, and shared memories.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/orph%C3%A9on", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015, Sophie-Anne Leterrier, “Choral Societies and Nationalist Mobilization in Nineteenth-Century France”, in Krisztina Lajosi, Andreas Stynen, editors, Choral Societies and Nationalism in Europe (National Cultivation of Culture; volume 9), Brill, →ISBN, page 51:" + }, + "ostium": { + "definition": "A small opening or orifice, as in a body organ or passage.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin ōstium.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ostium", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "otiose": { + "definition": "Having no effect.", + "origin": "From Latin ōtiōsus (“idle”), from ōtium (“ease”).", + "sentence": "But that does little except render a separate term otiose.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/otiose", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1929, Richard Hughes, A High Wind in Jamaica:" + }, + "Ouagadougou": { + "definition": "The capital city of Burkina Faso.", + "origin": "From French Ouagadougou, from a local name such as Moore Waogdgo and Farefare Wɔgdɔgɔ.", + "sentence": "Perhaps he was there right now, in Ouagadougou, taking a last detour to revisit friends before passing on to eternity, wherever that is.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ouagadougou", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Helon Habila, Oil on Water, AudioGO (2011), page 250:" + }, + "oud": { + "definition": "A short-necked and fretless plucked stringed instrument of the lute family, of Arab and Turkish origin.", + "origin": "From Arabic عُود (ʕūd). Doublet of lute.", + "sentence": "The oud's origins are unknown, although myths attribute either celestial or magical beginnings, it more likely came from ancient Persia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oud", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010, Randy Raine-Reusch, Play The World: The 101 Instrument Primer, Mel Bay Publications, →ISBN, page 22:" + }, + "outré": { + "definition": "Beyond what is customary or proper; extravagant.", + "origin": "French outré, form of outrer (“to go to excess”); see also outre (“beyond”).", + "sentence": "Her career as a performer, a model and a high priestess of the outré has been rooted for decades in catwalk-Kabuki mischief and provocation.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/outr%C3%A9", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2015 October 22, Jeff Gordinier, “‘I’ll Never Write My Memoirs,’ Grace Jones’s Memoirs”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:" + }, + "oviparous": { + "definition": "Depositing eggs that develop and hatch outside the body as a reproductive strategy.", + "origin": "Adapted borrowing of Late Latin ōviparus + -ous. By surface analysis, ovi- + -parous.", + "sentence": "The echidna is a monotreme, which is the extremely small subset of oviparous mammals.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oviparous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "oxyacetylene": { + "definition": "A mixture of oxygen and acetylene, which burns at a high temperature and is used for cutting and welding metals.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-der.?\nAncient Greek ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s)bor.\nEnglish oxy-\nFrench acétylènebor.\nEnglish acetylene\nEnglish oxyacetylene\nFrom oxy- + acetylene.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oxyacetylene", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "parterre": { + "definition": "A flowerbed, particularly an elevated one.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French parterre (“on the ground”), from par (“on”) + terre (“ground”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parterre", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pratique": { + "definition": "Permission to use a port given to a ship after compliance with quarantine or on conviction that she is free of contagious disease.", + "origin": "Originated 1600–10. Borrowed from Middle French practique, pratique, from Medieval Latin prāctica. Doublet of practice.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pratique", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pas seul": { + "definition": "A solo dance.", + "origin": "From French pas seul.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pas%20seul", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "prêt-à-porter": { + "definition": "Ready-to-wear.", + "origin": "First use appears c. 1957 in Punch. See cite below. Reborrowed from French prêt-à-porter (1951), itself a calque of English ready-to-wear.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pr%C3%AAt-%C3%A0-porter", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pasilla": { + "definition": "A variety of chili (a dried chilaca), used especially in sauces.", + "origin": "From the Spanish pasilla, diminutive of pasa (“raisin”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pasilla", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "prion": { + "definition": "A self-propagating misfolded conformer of a protein that is responsible for a number of diseases that affect the brain and other neural tissue.", + "origin": "From (a reordering of) the initial letters of proteinaceous infectious particle. Coined by American neurologist and biochemist Stanley B. Prusiner in 1982.", + "sentence": "Prion disease shares many features.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1987, Molecular Biology of the Human Brain: Proceedings of an Upjohn-UCLA Symposium, Held in Keystone, Colorado, April 19–26, 1987, volume 72, page 168:" + }, + "Promethean": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to Prometheus, a demigod in Greek mythology who created mortals from clay and stole fire from Zeus to give to them, for which Zeus punished him by chaining him to a rock and having an eagle feed on his liver which grew back each night; he was later rescued by Heracles.", + "origin": "The adjective is derived from Prometheus (“demigod in Greek mythology”) + -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming agent nouns). Prometheus is a learned borrowing from Latin Promētheus, and from its etymon Ancient Greek Προμηθεύς (Promētheús), from προμηθής (promēthḗs, “having forethought”) (from προ- (pro-, prefix meaning ‘before’) + μᾰνθᾰ́νω (mănthắnō, “to learn; to know, understand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to mind; to think”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”), in the sense of putting one’s mind to something)) + -εύς (-eús, suffix forming a masculine noun of the person concerned with a thing).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Promethean", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "patois": { + "definition": "Jargon or cant.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French patois (“regional dialect or language”), c. 1635.", + "sentence": "In the patois of insurance, the winery will go bare into this year’s burning season, which experts predict to be especially fierce.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/patois", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 July 18, Christopher Flavelle, “Scorched, Parched and Now Uninsurable: Climate Change Hits Wine Country”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 01 Aug 2021:" + }, + "promyshlennik": { + "definition": "A Russian or indigenous Siberian worker, typically from the state serf or townsman class, who took part in the fur trade.", + "origin": "From Russian промышленник (promyšlennik).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/promyshlennik", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pruritus": { + "definition": "Itching; especially, severe itching of undamaged skin; caused by allergy, infection, lymphoma, etc.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin prūrītus (“an itch, an itching”), from prūriō (“to itch”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pruritus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pejorate": { + "definition": "To become or make (something) worse; to deteriorate, to worsen.", + "origin": "From Latin peiōrāt-, the participle stem of peiorō (“worsen”), from peior (“worse”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pejorate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "psalmody": { + "definition": "The singing or the writing of psalms.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin psalmōdia, from Koine Greek ψαλμῳδίᾱ (psalmōidíā), from Ancient Greek ψαλμός (psalmós, “psalm”) + ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/psalmody", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pekoe": { + "definition": "A high-quality black tea made using young leaves, grown in Sri Lanka, India, Java and the Azores.", + "origin": "Unclear; possibly from Hokkien 白毫 (pe̍h-ho, “white hair”) or Hokkien 白花 (pe̍h-hoe, “white flower”). See Tea leaf grading#Etymology. Compare to Russian ба́йховый (bájxovyj).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pekoe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pschent": { + "definition": "The double crown of ancient Egypt, combining the white crown of Upper Egypt with the red crown of Lower Egypt, worn by pharaohs after the union of the two kingdoms in around 3000 BC.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek ψχέντ (pskhént), from Late Egyptian pꜣ-sḫmtj (“the two powerful ones”), from pꜣ (“definite article”) + sḫmtj, dual of sḫmt (“powerful one”), from sḫm (“to be powerful, to have power over”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pschent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Pepysian": { + "definition": "Of or pertaining to Samuel Pepys (1633–1703), English naval administrator and Member of Parliament, famed for his diary kept during the time of the Great Plague of London and Great Fire of London.", + "origin": "From Pepys + -ian.", + "sentence": "His memoir In the Sixties (2002) sets out the philosophy of the revolution, while recording its absurdities with a Pepysian eye.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pepysian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2010 March 20, James Campbell, “Barry Miles: 'I think of the 60s as a supermarket of ideas. We were looking for new ways to live'”, in The Guardian:" + }, + "psoriasis": { + "definition": "A noncontagious disease whose main symptom is gray or silvery flaky patches on the skin which are red and inflamed underneath when scratched.", + "origin": "From Late Latin psōriasis (“mange, scurvy, psoriasis”), from Koine Greek ψωρίασις (psōríasis), from Ancient Greek ψώρα (psṓra, “itch”) + -σις (-sis, “-sis: forming nouns of action & medical disorders”). Cognate with psora.", + "sentence": "He suffers from a skin complaint, psoriasis, which has rendered his hands scaly, hard and red.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/psoriasis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016, Ian McEwan, Nutshell, Vintage, page 11:" + }, + "ptyxis": { + "definition": "The way in which an individual leaf is folded in the bud.", + "origin": "From New Latin ptyxis, from Ancient Greek πτύξις (ptúxis, “a folding”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ptyxis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "perianth": { + "definition": "The sterile, tubelike tissue that surrounds the female reproductive structure in a leafy liverwort.", + "origin": "From French périanthe, from New Latin perianthium.", + "sentence": "Archegonia are surrounded early in their development by the juvenile perianth, through the slender beak of which the elongated neck of the fertilized archegonium protrudes.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perianth", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 5:" + }, + "pudibund": { + "definition": "Shy, bashful; prudish.", + "origin": "From Latin pudibundus, from pudeō (“make ashamed, be ashamed”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pudibund", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "petechia": { + "definition": "A small spot, especially on an organ, caused by bleeding underneath the skin.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from New Latin petechia, from Italian petecchie (“skin eruptions”, plural), probably from a popular Latin diminutive of petigo (“scab, eruption”) (from impetīgo).", + "sentence": "All my authorities agree – weakness, diffused muscular pain, petechia, tender gums, ill breath – and M’Alister has no doubt of it.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/petechia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1973, Patrick O’Brian, HMS Surprise:" + }, + "puerilely": { + "definition": "In a puerile manner; childishly.", + "origin": "From puerile + -ly.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puerilely", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Philistine": { + "definition": "A non-Semitic person from ancient Philistia, a region in the southwest Levant in the Middle East.", + "origin": "The noun is derived from Middle English Philistyne, Philisten [and other forms], from Old English Filistina (genitive plural), from Old French Philistin (modern French Philistin) and Late Latin Philistinus, from Koine Greek Φυλιστῖνοι (Phulistînoi), a variant of Φυλιστιίμ (Phulistiím), Φυλιστιείμ (Phulistieím) (compare Koine Greek Παλαιστῖνοι (Palaistînoi)), from Hebrew פְּלִשְׁתִּים (p'lishtím, plural noun), from פְּלִשְׁתִּי (p'lishtí, “Philistine”, adjective), from פְּלֶשֶׁת (p'léshet, “Philistia”). An Anatolian origin should be considered, compare Hittite 𒁄𒄭𒅖 (pal-ḫi-iš /⁠palḫis⁠/, “wide, broad”), nominalized as lowland, plain + 𒊭𒀀𒆠𒄑𒍣 (ša-a-ki-ez-zi /⁠šākizzi⁠/, “seeks out”), nominalized as explorer, colonist, which would yield something like palḫis-sak or palḫis-sku.\nIn light of the Philistines’ likely Aegean origins, several scholars have proposed Greek etymologies for the ethnonym:\n* Thomas Schneider proposes that it is derived from an archaic Greek term πλωϝιστοι (plōwistoi, “sailors,seafarers”) (cf. Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀫𐀹𐀵 (po-ro-wi-to /⁠plōwistos⁠/)).\n* Jan Driessen connects the Philistines with the people of the settlement of Pyla, yielding the term Πυλαϝαστοι (Pulawastoi, “inhabitants of Pyla”). Furthermore, Driessen suggests a link between the Philistine migration to the Levant and the abandonment of Pyla which occurred within the timespan described in the Medinet Habu reliefs.\nThe English word is cognate with Akkadian 𒆳𒉿𒇺𒋫 (ᴷᵁᴿpi-lis-ta, “Pilistu”), 𒆳𒉺𒆷𒊍𒌓 (ᴷᵁᴿpa-la-as-tu₂ /⁠Palastu⁠/), 𒆳𒉿𒇺𒋫𒀀𒀀 (ᴷᵁᴿpi-liš-ta-a-a /⁠Pilištayu⁠/, “(people) of the Pilištu lands”), and is a doublet of Palestine.\nThe archaic noun plural form Philistim is from Middle English Philistiim [and other forms], from Late Latin Philisthiim, from Koine Greek Φυλιστιίμ (Phulistiím), Φυλιστιείμ (Phulistieím); see further above.\nThe adjective is derived from the noun. For the etymology of the \"ignorant person\" sense, see philistine.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Philistine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pylorus": { + "definition": "In vertebrates, including humans, a zone at the lower end of the stomach that leads to and opens into the duodenum.", + "origin": "From Latin pylōrus, from Ancient Greek πυλωρός (pulōrós, “gatekeeper”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pylorus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "philopatry": { + "definition": "The tendency of an animal to return to, or stay in, its home area or birthplace.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/philopatry", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Pythagorean": { + "definition": "A follower of Pythagoras; someone who believes in or advocates Pythagoreanism.", + "origin": "From Latin Pȳthagorēus (“pertaining to Pythagoras”) + -an. Compare Pythagoric.", + "sentence": "He could speak it, because he was a Pythagorean, and myth was their technical language.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pythagorean", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 268:" + }, + "phloem": { + "definition": "A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot.", + "origin": "First attested in 1872. From German Phloëm, coined by Swiss botanist Carl Nägeli in 1858 from Ancient Greek φλόος (phlóos, “husk, bark”) + a Greek-sounding ending -em (cf. System).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phloem", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Pyxis": { + "definition": "A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the compass of a ship. It is associated with the larger Argo Navis, although it was never officially part of that constellation.", + "origin": "Named by the French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille in 1763, and originally called Pyxis Nautica (“nautical compass”), from Latin pyxis (“little box”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pyxis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Phobos": { + "definition": "A son of Ares (Mars). Also the Greek god of fear.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek Φόβος (Phóbos, “Fear”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Phobos", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "photovoltaic": { + "definition": "Producing a voltage when exposed to light.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂os\nProto-Hellenic *pʰáwos\nAncient Greek φᾰ́ος (phắos)\nAncient Greek φῶς (phôs)\nAncient Greek φωτο- (phōto-)der.\nEnglish photo-\nItalian Voltabor.\nEnglish Volta\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish voltaic\nEnglish photovoltaic\nFrom photo- + voltaic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/photovoltaic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "piccata": { + "definition": "A dish of food sliced, sautéed and served with lemon, parsley and butter sauce; or an individual slice of such a dish.", + "origin": "From Italian piccata (“larded”), past participle of piccare (“to prick; to lard”).", + "sentence": "“(grunts) Frankie put glass in the piccata and the restaurant comped us, so we got all these chips.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/piccata", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 September 16, Sarah Naftalis, “The Casino” (6:40 from the start), in What We Do in the Shadows, season 3, episode 1, spoken by Sean Rinaldi (Anthony Atamanuik):" + }, + "pierrot": { + "definition": "Any of various lycaenid butterflies of the genera Tarucus and Castalia, notable for white contrasting with brown or black on the underwings.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pierrot", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pachyderm": { + "definition": "An elephant.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French pachyderme, equivalent to pachy- (“thick”) + -derm (“skin”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pachyderm", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pinniped": { + "definition": "A marine mammal belonging to the parvorder Pinnipedia, comprising walruses, eared seals and earless seals, characterized by four limbs modified into flippers.", + "origin": "From\nLatin pinna (“fin”) + pes (“foot”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pinniped", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "paella": { + "definition": "A savory Valencian dish made of rice, cooked in a frying pan with vegetables and meat or shellfish.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Catalan paella (“pot; pan”), from Old French paelle, from Latin patella (“plate, small pan”). Doublet of patella and possibly pail.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paella", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "piscivorous": { + "definition": "That feeds on fish; fish-eating.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin piscivorus. By surface analysis, piscivore + -ous or pisci- + -vorous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/piscivorous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pahoehoe": { + "definition": "A form of lava flow of basaltic rock, usually dark-colored with a smooth or ropey surface. It is one of two chief forms of lava flow emitted from volcanoes of the Hawaiian type, the other form being aa.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Hawaiian pāhoehoe.", + "sentence": "The twisty, ropy kind that personifies flow – all congealed motion – is called pahoehoe.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pahoehoe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 44:" + }, + "pistou": { + "definition": "A Provençal cold sauce made from cloves of garlic, fresh basil, and olive oil, similar to pesto.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French pistou.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pistou", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "palaver": { + "definition": "A village council meeting.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Hellenic *pərai\nAncient Greek πᾰρᾰ́ (părắ)\nAncient Greek παρα- (para-)\nProto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der.\nProto-Hellenic *gʷəlnō\nAncient Greek βάλλω (bállō)\nAncient Greek παραβάλλω (parabállō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ)bor.\nLate Latin parabola\nOld Galician-Portuguese paravla\nOld Galician-Portuguese palavra\nPortuguese palavrabor.\nEnglish palaver\nOriginally nautical slang, from Portuguese palavra (“word”), from Late Latin parabola (“parable, speech”). The term's use (especially in Africa) mimics the evolution of the word moot. As such, for sense development, see moot. Doublet of parable, parole, and parabola.", + "sentence": "Here we remained four days, on account of a palaver which was held on the following occasion.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/palaver", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1799, Mungo Park, Travels in the Interior of Africa:" + }, + "Plantagenet": { + "definition": "A member of the dynasty which held the English throne from 1154 to 1485.", + "origin": "Originally a sobriquet of Geoffrey of Anjou (1113-1151), founder of the line, who was said to have worn a yellow broom blossom in his hat, Old French plante genest (French plante genêt), from Latin planta genista (“sprig of broom”), whence Medieval Latin Plantagenistae; subsequently adopted as a surname.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Plantagenet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "palooka": { + "definition": "Someone incompetent or untalented.", + "origin": "Used in the US since the 1920s, originally primarily of boxers. Popularized by Jack Conway of Variety, who also popularized baloney and bimbo. Further popularized by Ham Fisher in his comic strip Joe Palooka about a boxer (published in newspapers since 1930, particularly popular in 1940s).", + "sentence": "Vincent: I ain't your friend, palooka.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/palooka", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1994, Quentin Tarantino, Roger Avary, Pulp Fiction:" + }, + "pneumatocyst": { + "definition": "A sac or other structure containing air and used for flotation by a marine organism, chiefly used in reference to those of kelps and siphonophores.", + "origin": "From pneumato- + cyst.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pneumatocyst", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pampootie": { + "definition": "A traditional shoe, formerly made and worn on the Aran Islands of County Galway, Ireland, consisting of a single piece of untanned hide folded around the foot and stitched with twine or a leather strap.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pampootie", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pochoir": { + "definition": "A technique in visual art consisting of applying various stencils (perforated templates).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nFrench pocher\nFrench -oir\nFrench pochoirbor.\nEnglish pochoir\nBorrowed from French pochoir.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pochoir", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "panacea": { + "definition": "A solution to all problems.", + "origin": "From Latin panacēa, from Ancient Greek πανάκεια (panákeia), from πανακής (panakḗs, “all-healing”), from πᾶν (pân, “all”) (equivalent to English pan-) + ἄκος (ákos, “cure”).", + "sentence": "A monorail will be a panacea for our traffic woes.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panacea", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "podagra": { + "definition": "Gout in the big toe.", + "origin": "Ultimately from Ancient Greek ποδάγρα (podágra, “foot trap; podagra”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/podagra", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Panathenaea": { + "definition": "A festival formerly held annually in Athens to honour the city's patron goddess Athena, involving animal sacrifices, a grand procession, and, every fourth year, athletic and musical contests.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin Panathēnaea, and from its etymon Ancient Greek Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ (Pănăthḗnaiă), a noun use of the neuter plural of Παναθηναῖος (Panathēnaîos, “Panathenian”) (in Παναθήναια ἱερᾰ́ (Panathḗnaia hierắ, “Panathenian solemnities”)), from πᾰν- (păn-, prefix meaning ‘all; every’) + Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos, “of or relating to Athens, Athenian”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos) is derived from either Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, “Athens”) or Ᾰ̓θήνη (Ăthḗnē, “Athena, patron goddess of Athens”) + -ῐος (-ĭos, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Panathenaea", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Panchen Lama": { + "definition": "The second-highest-ranking lama of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism, after the Dalai Lama.", + "origin": "Tibetan པན་ཆེན་བླ་མ (pan chen bla ma). From Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita, “scholar”) + Tibetan ཆེན་པོ (chen po, “big”) + Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma).", + "sentence": "Both envoys went to the Panchen Lama’s residence near Shigatse (Jihkatse), but neither visited the Dalai Lama at Lhasa.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Panchen%20Lama", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1985, Alastair Lamb, “Introduction”, in India and Tibet, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page v:" + }, + "Ponzi": { + "definition": "Pertaining to a scheme whereby investors' returns are paid for directly by later investors' investments, giving the false impression that the investment is viable.", + "origin": "Named after con artist Charles Ponzi (1882–1949) who notoriously ran such type of scam.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ponzi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "panettone": { + "definition": "A soft Italian sourdough brioche from Milan, with candied fruit, usually prepared for Christmas as a dessert.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian panettone, from Lombard panaton, an augmentative of pan (“bread”).", + "sentence": "In this tasty holiday recipe, traditional panettone is stuffed with a creamy filling.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panettone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Anthony Parkinson, Italian Desserts, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 39:" + }, + "portmanteau": { + "definition": "A word formed by putting two words together and thereby their meaning.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *-téh₂\nProto-Indo-European *pr̥téh₂\nProto-Italic *portā\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nProto-Italic *portāō\nLatin portāre\nOld French porter\nMiddle French porte\nLatin mantellum\nMiddle French manteau\nMiddle French portemanteaubor.\nEnglish portmanteau\nFrom Middle French portemanteau (“coat stand”), from porte (“he carries”, third-person singular present indicative of porter (“to carry”)) + manteau (“coat”), literally “[that which] carries coat”.\nThe lexical sense (sense 2) was first used figuratively by Lewis Carroll in Through the Looking-Glass (1871) to describe the words he coined in the poem “Jabberwocky”, based on the concept of two words packed together, similar to a portmanteau (etymology). Sense 3 (“portmanteau film”) is derived from this.", + "sentence": "Well then, ‘mimsy’ is ‘flimsy and miserable’ (there’s another portmanteau for you).", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/portmanteau", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1871 December 27 (indicated as 1872), Lewis Carroll [pseudonym; Charles Lutwidge Dodgson], “Humpty Dumpty”, in Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, pages 128–129:" + }, + "panjandrum": { + "definition": "An important, powerful or influential person; muckamuck.", + "origin": "Coined as a nonce word in the 18th century by British dramatist Samuel Foote.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panjandrum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pannose": { + "definition": "Similar in texture or appearance to felt or woollen cloth.", + "origin": "From Latin pann- + -ose.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pannose", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "papillon": { + "definition": "A small dog of a certain toy spaniel breed having large upright ears with a shape that resembles butterfly wings.", + "origin": "From French papillon (“butterfly”), from Latin pāpiliō (“butterfly, moth”). Doublet of papilio and pavilion.", + "sentence": "The researchers tested various breeds, including border collies, golden retrievers, pit bulls, labradors and even Jackson's own little papillon.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/papillon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014 November 29, Rachel Nuwer, “Lassie gets an upgrade”, in New Scientist, number 2997, page 47:" + }, + "pot-au-feu": { + "definition": "A thick soup of meat and vegetables cooked together in a large pot.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French pot-au-feu.", + "sentence": "The meat and vegetables for our pot-au-feu cost only twelve sous, or sixpence sterling — a cheap dish indeed!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pot-au-feu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1824, Thomas Gill, The Technical Repository, page 180:" + }, + "pappardelle": { + "definition": "A broad form of fettuccine, or a narrow form of lasagne, traditionally eaten with a meat sauce (especially one made with hare).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian pappardelle, plural of pappardella, from pappare (“to gobble up, tuck into (food)”).", + "sentence": "Place the pappardelle (the strips of paste) on a hot dish, grate a little Parmesan cheese over them, add the hare condiment, and serve hot.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pappardelle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1899, Janet Ross, “Pappardelle with Hare”, in Leaves from Our Tuscan Kitchen or How to Cook Vegetables, London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent and Co., 29 & 30 Bedford Street, W.C., →OCLC, page 66:" + }, + "parallax": { + "definition": "An apparent shift in the position of two stationary objects relative to each other as viewed by an observer, due to a change in observer position.", + "origin": "From Middle French parallaxe, from Ancient Greek παράλλαξις (parállaxis, “alteration”) from παραλλάσσω (parallássō, “to cause to alternate”) from ἀλλάσσω (allássō, “to alter”) from ἄλλος (állos, “other”). See also para- and allo-.", + "sentence": "Planes farther back on the z-axis scroll more slowly than those in front of them, producing a parallax effect.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parallax", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008, Bernard Perron, Mark J. P. Wolf, The Video Game Theory Reader 2, page 157:" + }, + "potpourri": { + "definition": "A collection of various things; an assortment, mixed bag or motley.", + "origin": "From French pot-pourri (“stew, potpourri”), a calque of Spanish olla podrida (“stew”, literally “rotten pot”). Doublet of olla podrida.", + "sentence": "A convention of sorts, the evening was an exciting potpourri of education, entertainment and political consciousness.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/potpourri", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1977 December 24, Richard Burns, “It Was a 'Big Splash' at The Aquarium”, in Gay Community News, volume 5, number 25, page 9:" + }, + "paramahamsa": { + "definition": "A Hindu spiritual teacher who has become enlightened.", + "origin": "From Sanskrit परम (parama, “supreme”) and Sanskrit हंस (haṃsa, “swan”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paramahamsa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pou sto": { + "definition": "A place to stand upon; a locus standi; a foundation or basis for operations.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek, literally \"where I may stand\", in reference to the reputed saying of Archimedes: \"Give me where I may stand and I will move the whole world with my steelyard.\"", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pou%20sto", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pareidolia": { + "definition": "The tendency to interpret a vague stimulus as something known to the observer, such as interpreting marks on Mars as canals, seeing shapes in clouds, or hearing hidden messages in music.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Pareidolie, constructed from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “alongside”) + εἴδωλον (eídōlon, “image”) + -ία (-ía). By surface analysis, par- + eidolia.", + "sentence": "Kahlbaum, changing hallucination, partial hallucination, perception of secondary images, or pareidolia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pareidolia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1868 July, John Sibbald, The British Journal of Psychiatry, volume 13, page 238:" + }, + "Parmentier": { + "definition": "A surname from French, equivalent to English Taylor or Snyder.", + "origin": "From French Parmentier.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Parmentier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "prajna": { + "definition": "Wisdom; understanding; insight.", + "origin": "From Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prajna", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "parquet": { + "definition": "A wooden floor made of wooden tiles or veneers arranged in a decorative geometrical pattern.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEarly Medieval Latin par(ri)cus\nOld French parc\nMiddle French parc\nFrench parc\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Italic *-tosder.?\nLate Latin -ittus\nOld French -et\nMiddle French -et\nFrench -et\nFrench parquetbor.\nEnglish parquet\nBorrowed from French parquet.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parquet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "pralltriller": { + "definition": "A melodic embellishment consisting of the quick alternation of a principal tone with an auxiliary tone above it, usually the next in the scale.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Pralltriller.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pralltriller", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "qiyas": { + "definition": "The use of analogy as precedent in Shari'a jurisprudence.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from Arabic قِيَاس (qiyās, “measurement, analogy”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/qiyas", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Quaoar": { + "definition": "the Tongva god of creation.", + "origin": "From Gabrielino-Fernandeño Kwaʼuwar.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Quaoar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "quasar": { + "definition": "An extragalactic object, starlike in appearance, that is among the most luminous and (putatively) the most distant objects in the universe.", + "origin": "Blend of quasi- + stellar, from quasi-stellar radio source. Coined by American astrophysicist Hong-Yee Chiu in 1964 in an article in Physics Today. By surface analysis, quasi- + -ar.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quasar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "quattrocento": { + "definition": "The 1400s, the fifteenth-century Renaissance Italian period.", + "origin": "From Italian quattrocento (“four hundred”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quattrocento", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Quito": { + "definition": "A historical province of colonial South America, corresponding to present-day Ecuador.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish Quito. Named after the Quitu tribe. The name is a combination of two Tsafiki words: quitso (“center”) + to (“the world”); roughly translating as \"center of the world.\"", + "sentence": "The conquest of the northern provinces of Quito was undertaken by one of Pizarro’s lieutenants, Sebastian de Benalcazar.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Quito", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1992, Edwin Williamson, The Penguin history of Latin America, London; New York: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 27:" + }, + "quokka": { + "definition": "A cat-sized wallaby, Setonix brachyurus, of southwestern Australia.", + "origin": "From Nyunga kwaka.", + "sentence": "Older unburnt areas (more than 25 years) on their own appear unable to sustain a quokka population.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quokka", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012, Ken Richardson, Australia's Amazing Kangaroos: Their Conservation, Unique Biology and Coexisternce with Humans, page 125:" + }, + "quonk": { + "definition": "Unwanted noise picked up by a microphone in a broadcasting studio.", + "origin": "Imitative.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quonk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Quonset": { + "definition": "A prefabricated building having a roof of corrugated iron and semicircular cross section.", + "origin": "Named after Quonset Point, the place they were manufactured; the placename derives from an Algonquian language.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Quonset", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "raclette": { + "definition": "A dish, of Swiss origin, similar to a fondue, consisting of melted cheese traditionally served on boiled potatoes and accompanied with pickles.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French raclette, the diminutive form of racler.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/raclette", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rajpramukh": { + "definition": "An appointed governor in Part B states of India, from independence in 1947 until 1956.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rajpramukh", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rapprochement": { + "definition": "The reestablishment of cordial relations, particularly between two countries; a reconciliation.", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from French rapprochement (“act or process of getting closer together; link (between two things)”).", + "sentence": "It was the Nixon administration that saw the rapprochement between the United States and China.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rapprochement", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "Rastafarian": { + "definition": "An adherent of Rastafarianism.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Semitic *raʔš-\nAmharic ራስ (ras)\nAmharic ተፈሪ (täfäri)\nEnglish Rastafari\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish Rastafarian\nFrom Rastafari + -an.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Rastafarian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Rayleigh wave": { + "definition": "A kind of surface acoustic wave that travels on solids.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Rayleigh%20wave", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "realpolitik": { + "definition": "Pragmatic, often expansionist, diplomacy and politics focused on perceived national interests of the state to the near exclusion of ethical, moral, and theoretical objectives.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Realpolitik (literally “practical, realistic, fact-based, realism-based politics”).", + "sentence": "Most European empires were born of the realpolitik of power, mostly the treaties of Utrecht (1713) and Paris (1763).", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/realpolitik", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 August 14, Simon Jenkins, “Gibraltar and the Falklands deny the logic of history”, in The Guardian:" + }, + "recamier": { + "definition": "An old-fashioned couch with headrest and footrest.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French récamier, named after the 19th century French socialite Juliette Récamier.", + "sentence": "When it read five thirty and no one had come into the room, I got off the recamier and quietly started to work.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recamier", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008, Linda L. Richards, Death Was the Other Woman: A Mystery, →ISBN:" + }, + "redingote": { + "definition": "A long coat or greatcoat for men.", + "origin": "From French redingote, itself from English riding-coat.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/redingote", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rembrandt": { + "definition": "A variety of tulip whose petals have lines or flashes of a second color.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Rembrandt", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rennet": { + "definition": "An enzyme used as the first step in making cheese, to curdle the milk and coagulate the casein in it, derived by soaking the fourth stomach of a milk-fed calf in brine.", + "origin": "From Middle English rennet, from Old English *rynnet, *ġerynnet, from Proto-West Germanic *garunniþu (“coagulation, curdling, rennet”), cognate with Old Saxon girunnida (“a running together, coagulation”), Old High German girunnida (“rennet, coagulation”), Middle High German gerinnede (“that which is curdled”).\nCompare also Middle English renelesse, renels, renlys, rendlys (“rennet”), Middle Dutch rinsel, runsel (“rennet”), German Rennsel; further to Middle English irennen (“to curdle; to run”), Old English ġerennan (“to coagulate”), Old High German girunst (“rennet”), German gerinnen (“to coagulate; congeal”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rennet", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "renvoi": { + "definition": "A situation in which a court, tasked with deciding which state's law should apply to a case, decides to apply the law of the forum, based on the determination that a court from another involved state would also apply the law of the forum.", + "origin": "From French renvoi.", + "sentence": "As has been shown, the renvoi, if logically carried out, involves a perpetual deadlock.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/renvoi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1908, Edwin Hale Abbot, Is the Renvoi a Part of the Common Law?, page 8:" + }, + "rescissible": { + "definition": "Liable to rescission.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rescissible", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "revanche": { + "definition": "Revenge or retaliation.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French revanche. Doublet of revenge.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/revanche", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "reveille": { + "definition": "The sounding of a bugle or drum early in the morning to awaken soldiers.", + "origin": "From French réveillez, imperative form of réveiller (“to wake”).", + "sentence": "A bugler and his brisk reveille woke them most mornings.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reveille", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet, page 53:" + }, + "rhyton": { + "definition": "A container from which fluids are intended to be drunk, having one handle and usually a base in the form of a head.", + "origin": "Ancient Greek ῥυτόν (rhutón), ultimately from ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”)", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rhyton", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rissole": { + "definition": "A ball of meat, some variants covered in pastry, which has been fried or barbecued.", + "origin": "From French rissole. Australian slang noun, from phonetic similarity; Australian slang verb, euphemistic for arsehole (verb).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rissole", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Robigalia": { + "definition": "An Ancient Roman religious festival held on April 25, involving the sacrifice of a dog to protect grain fields from disease.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Robigalia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rocaille": { + "definition": "Artificial rockwork made of rough stones and cement, as for gardens.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French rocaille.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rocaille", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "roi fainéant": { + "definition": "A leader with only nominal power.", + "origin": "From French roi fainéant (“lazy king”).", + "sentence": "Although Jacques Chirac more recently gave the role a distinctly sleepy, roi fainéant flavor, it remains a throne more than a mere office.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/roi%20fain%C3%A9ant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2012 May 7, Adam Gopnik, “Vive La France”, in The New Yorker:" + }, + "rond de jambe": { + "definition": "The movement of a leg in a semicircular motion, either on the ground (par terre) or in the air (en l'air).", + "origin": "Borrowed from French rond de jambe (literally “circle of the leg”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rond%20de%20jambe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rondeau": { + "definition": "A fixed form of verse based on two rhyme sounds and consisting usually of 13 lines in three stanzas with the opening words of the first line of the first stanza used as an independent refrain after the second and third stanzas.", + "origin": "From Middle French rondeau, from Old French rondel. Doublet of rondo.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rondeau", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ronin": { + "definition": "A masterless samurai (who often becomes a mercenary to make ends meet).", + "origin": "From Japanese 浪人 (rōnin), in turn from Middle Chinese 浪人 (MC langH nyin, “dissolute, wasteful, unrestrained + person”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ronin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rooseveltite": { + "definition": "A monoclinic-prismatic mineral containing arsenic, bismuth, and oxygen.", + "origin": "From Roosevelt + -ite. Named after American politician Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rooseveltite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rosemaling": { + "definition": "A Norwegian style of stylized floral decoration with scrollwork and geometric elements.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Norwegian Bokmål rosemaling (“rose painting”), from rose (“rose”) + maling (“painting”) (from male (“to paint”) (cognate with Old Danish malæ (Danish male), Old Norse mála, Old Swedish mala (Swedish mala), from Middle Low German mālen (“to paint”)) + -ing (suffix used to form nouns from verbs)).\nThe form rosemåling is borrowed from Norwegian Nynorsk rosemåling with unadapted script.", + "sentence": "Rosemaling is the most recent of the Norwegian peasant crafts.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rosemaling", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1957, Sons of Norway, volume 54, Minneapolis, Minn.: Grand Lodge, Sons of Norway, →OCLC, page 209:" + }, + "roseola": { + "definition": "A rosy rash occurring in measles, typhoid fever, syphilis and some other diseases.", + "origin": "From New Latin roseola, from diminutive of Latin rosa (“a rose”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/roseola", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rouille": { + "definition": "A type of sauce from Provence, France, often served with fish dishes, consisting of egg yolk and olive oil with breadcrumbs, chili peppers, garlic, and saffron.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French rouille (“rouille (sauce); rust”); the sauce is so named because its colour resembles that of rust.", + "sentence": "ROUILLE SAUCE / Strongly flavored, served with fish soups or bouillabaisse.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rouille", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1975, Irma S[tarkloff] Rombauer, Marion Rombauer Becker, “Savory Sauces and Salad Dressings”, in Joy of Cooking, 1st Scribner edition, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, published 1995, →ISBN, page 366, column 1:" + }, + "rubato": { + "definition": "A tempo in which strict timing is relaxed, the music being played near, but not on, the beat.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian rubato (“robbed, stolen”), since the time is \"borrowed\".", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rubato", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rubefacient": { + "definition": "Making red.", + "origin": "From Latin rubefaciens, present participle of rubefacere (“to make red”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rubefacient", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "runcible spoon": { + "definition": "A fork-like spoon that has a cutting edge.", + "origin": "1871, coined by Edward Lear with no definition, but was applied to the following by 1926.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/runcible%20spoon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rupicolous": { + "definition": "Growing on or among rocks.", + "origin": "From Latin rūpēs (“rock”) + -colous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rupicolous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "rutabaga": { + "definition": "The swede, or Swedish turnip; the European plant Brassica napus var. napobrassica", + "origin": "First attested in 1799, borrowed from Swedish rotabagge, a dialectal word from Västergötland, from rot (“root”) + bagge (“lump, bunch”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rutabaga", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Ryeland": { + "definition": "A sheep breed originating in England.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ryeland", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Ryukyu": { + "definition": "A chain of islands in Japan roughly between Kyushu and Taiwan.", + "origin": "From Japanese 琉球 (Ryūkyū), from Middle Chinese 流求 (MC ljuw gjuw), a Chinese exonym for the island kingdom, of unclear origin. Doublet of Liuqiu.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ryukyu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Sbrinz": { + "definition": "A hard Swiss cheese similar to parmesan", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sbrinz", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "stupa": { + "definition": "A Buddhist monument used to house relics of the Buddha or others, especially dome-shaped monuments in the Indian style.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa). Doublet of tope.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stupa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "scaberulous": { + "definition": "slightly scabrous or roughened", + "origin": "See scabrous and -ule.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scaberulous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "scagliola": { + "definition": "Plasterwork imitating marble, granite, etc.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nItalian scaglia\nItalian -ola\nItalian scagliolabor.\nEnglish scagliola\nBorrowed from Italian scagliola, a diminutive of scaglia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scagliola", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "stygian": { + "definition": "Infernal or hellish.", + "origin": "From Latin stygius + -ian, from Ancient Greek Στύγιος (Stúgios, “relating to Styx”), from Στύξ (Stúx, “Styx, chief river of underworld”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stygian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Schedar": { + "definition": "A red giant, visible as a second-magnitude orange star marking the breast of the figure in the northern constellation of Cassiopeia, a part of the constellation's prominent W asterism, used for celestial navigation.", + "origin": "From Arabic صَدْر (ṣadr, “breast, chest”), in reference to its position within Cassiopeia.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Schedar", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "styptic": { + "definition": "Bringing about contraction of tissues; harsh, raw, austere.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin stypticus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek στυπτικός (stuptikós), from στύφω (stúphō, “to contract”).", + "sentence": "Boyles turns to look over his shoulder, squinting into the styptic sun, and then flags a hand over his head.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/styptic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 328:" + }, + "succès fou": { + "definition": "A tremendous success.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French succès fou (literally “mad success”).", + "sentence": "A succès fou is right,” added Gates.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/succ%C3%A8s%20fou", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2001, Davis Dyer, Daniel Gross, The Generations of Corning: The Life and Times of a Global Corporation, →ISBN:" + }, + "sciatica": { + "definition": "Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, characterised by pain radiating down through the buttocks and the back of the thigh.", + "origin": "Late Middle English, from Late Latin sciatica, feminine of sciaticus, from Ancient Greek ἰσχιαδικός (iskhiadikós), the adjective of ἰσχίον (iskhíon, “hip”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sciatica", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sciolistic": { + "definition": "Of or relating to sciolism, or a sciolist; showing only superficial knowledge.", + "origin": "From sciolism + -istic or sciolist + -ic.", + "sentence": "An English clique of literati and sciolistic scientists, headed by a sciolistic pretender named Dr.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sciolistic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1900, Transactions of the Dental Society of the State of New York, Albany, N.Y.: Argus Co., printers, →OCLC, page 147:" + }, + "sclaff": { + "definition": "A poor golf shot, where the club hits the ground before it hits the ball.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Scots sclaff (“to slap, shuffle”), of onomatopoeic origin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sclaff", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Sufi": { + "definition": "A mystic Muslim; a Muslim ascetic; a practitioner of Sufism.", + "origin": "From Ottoman Turkish صوفی (sufi), from Arabic صُوفِيّ (ṣūfiyy, “man of wool”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sufi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "scobiform": { + "definition": "Resembling sawdust, filings or shavings.", + "origin": "From Latin scobs, or scobis (“sawdust, scrapings”) + -form. Compare French scobiforme.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scobiform", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "supercilious": { + "definition": "Arrogantly superior; showing contemptuous indifference; haughty.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin superciliōsus (“haughty”).", + "sentence": "Now he was a sturdy, straw haired man of thirty with a rather hard mouth and a supercilious manner.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/supercilious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1925, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, chapter 1, in The Great Gatsby, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published 1953, →ISBN:" + }, + "scrofula": { + "definition": "A form of tuberculosis, most common in women 30-40 years of age, tending to cause enlarged and degenerated lymph nodes, especially in the neck, and often chronic, intractable skin inflammation as well.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin scrōfulae, a diminutive form of scrōfa (“breeding sow”), because swine were supposed to be subject to the complaint; or by fanciful comparison of the glandular swellings to little pigs.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scrofula", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "surimi": { + "definition": "A white paste, made from ground fish, that is used to make formed and textured food products.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese すり身 (surimi, “ground meat”).", + "sentence": "In Singapore, the most popular surimi-based product is the fish ball, which is used in a local application, Yong Tau Foo.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surimi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Jae W. Park, editor, Surimi and Surimi Seafood, 2nd edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 388:" + }, + "scurrilous": { + "definition": "Unscrupulous, evil.", + "origin": "From Latin scurrīlis (“buffoon-like”) + -ous, from scurra (“a buffoon”).", + "sentence": "We have had our address used by scurrilous crooks in the past to gain assets by fraud.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scurrilous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "surreptitious": { + "definition": "Stealthy, furtive, well hidden, covert (especially movements).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin surrēptīcius (“furtive, clandestine”), from surrēpō (“to creep along”).", + "sentence": "Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surreptitious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:" + }, + "seine": { + "definition": "A long net having floats attached at the top and sinkers (weights) at the bottom, used in shallow water for catching fish.", + "origin": "From Old English seġne, from Proto-West Germanic *sagīna, from Latin sagēna, from Ancient Greek σαγήνη (sagḗnē, “dragnet”), of unknown origin.", + "sentence": "They were too busy hauling at ropes, collectively drawing a large seine across the bay before them – and singing their hearts out.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 169:" + }, + "svarabhakti": { + "definition": "The epenthesis of a vowel, as in the football chant Engerland for England; anaptyxis.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वरभक्ति (svára-bhakti, “vowel separation”), a compound of स्वर (svára, “vowel”) + भक्ति (bhaktí, “separation”).", + "sentence": "Svarabhakti is a common feature of northern Indian languages such as Hindi and Bengali.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/svarabhakti", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "selah": { + "definition": "A word occurring between verses or paragraphs in parts of the Hebrew Bible, namely in Habakkuk and the Psalms; perhaps indicating a pause, either for contemplation or for clearing the throat in singing.", + "origin": "From Biblical Hebrew סֶלָה (sélā), of unknown origin.", + "sentence": "God commeth from Theman, and the holy one from mount Paran, Selah. his glorie couereth the heauens, and the earth is full of his prayse.", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/selah", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1568, Matthew Parker, The holie. Bible. Conteynyng the Olde Testament and the Newe [The Bishops' Bible], London: Imprinted at London in povvles Churchyarde by Richarde Iugge, printer to the Queenes Maiestie, →OCLC, Habakkuk 3:3:" + }, + "semaphore": { + "definition": "Any equipment used for visual signalling by means of flags, lights, or mechanically moving arms, which are used to represent letters of the alphabet, or words.", + "origin": "The noun is borrowed from French sémaphore, from Ancient Greek σῆμα (sêma, “mark, sign, token”) + French -phore (from Ancient Greek -φόρος (-phóros, suffix indicating a bearer or carrier)). By surface analysis, sema- + -phore.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", + "sentence": "N's Semaphore has been placed in the Repository of the Society.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/semaphore", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1821, “[Papers in Mechanics.] No. V. Improved Semaphore.”, in Transactions of the Society, Instituted at London, for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce; […], volume XXXIX, London: Sold by the housekeeper, at the Society’s House, […]; printed by T[homas] C[urson] Hansard, […], →OCLC, page 104:" + }, + "sybaritic": { + "definition": "Of or having the qualities of a sybarite (“a person devoted to luxury and pleasure”); dedicated to excessive comfort and enjoyment; decadent, hedonistic, self-indulgent.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from Latin Sybarīticus (“of or pertaining to Sybaris or its inhabitants”) + English -ic (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, forming adjectives from nouns). Sybarīticus is derived from Ancient Greek Συβαρῑτικός (Subarītikós), from Σῠβᾰρῑ́της (Sŭbărī́tēs, “(noun) inhabitant of Sybaris; (adjective) decadent; self-indulgent”) (from Σῠ́βᾰρῐς (Sŭ́bărĭs, “Sybaris”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, suffix forming demonyms)) + -κός (-kós, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as Sybarite (“inhabitant of Sybaris”) + -ic. Sybaris, a city of Magna Graecia (the coastal parts of Sicily and southern Italy once colonized by Greek settlers), was known for its wealth and the excesses and hedonism of its inhabitants.", + "sentence": "Mike took a slow sybaritic sip. \"We do use liquor.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sybaritic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1961, Robert A. Heinlein, chapter XXXVI, in Stranger in a Strange Land, New York: Avon, →OCLC, page 392:" + }, + "synanthrope": { + "definition": "An animal that lives near, and benefits from human habitation", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/synanthrope", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "serin": { + "definition": "Any of various small finches in the genus Serinus, with largely yellow plumage.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French serin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/serin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "syncope": { + "definition": "A loss of consciousness when fainting.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱómder.?\nProto-Indo-European *sem-der.?\nProto-Hellenic *ksún\nAncient Greek σύν (sún)\nAncient Greek συν- (sun-)\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kep-?\nProto-Hellenic *kopt͏̌ō\nAncient Greek κόπτω (kóptō)\nAncient Greek συγκόπτω (sunkóptō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ)bor.\nLatin syncopēlbor.\nEnglish syncope\nLearned borrowing from Late Latin syncopē, from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ), from συγκόπτω (sunkóptō, “cut up”) + -η (-ē, nominalization suffix), from σύν (sún, “beside, with”) + κόπτω (kóptō, “strike, cut off”). Partly continues the (near-)doublets syncopis and sincopin, both from the Old French sincopin (“faintness”) (itself from Late Latin accusative syncopen), with the pathological meaning \"a loss of consciousness accompanied by a weak pulse\", attested from the fifteenth century.\nUsage in the form syncope, with the phonological meaning \"contraction of a word by omission of middle sounds or letters\" attested from the 1520s. Syncopis and sincopin were \"re-Latinized\" to the form syncope in English in the sixteenth century. The musical usage first occurs after the 1660s, following the musical usage of syncopation and syncopate.", + "sentence": "Schneider, the father of rhinology, mentions a woman in whom the odor of orange-flowers produced syncope.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/syncope", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1896, George M. Gould, Walter Lytle Pyle, Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine:" + }, + "sesquipedalian": { + "definition": "Long; polysyllabic.", + "origin": "From sesquipedal + -ian (adjective- and noun-forming suffix), root from Latin sēsquipedālis (literally “a foot and a half long”), from Latin sēsqui (“one and a half times”) + Latin pedālis (“measuring a foot, foot (relational)”) (an adjective from pēs (“foot”)).", + "sentence": "The most common use of \"antidisestablishmentarianism\" is as an example of a sesquipedalian word.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sesquipedalian", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sessile": { + "definition": "Permanently attached to a substrate; not free to move about.", + "origin": "From Latin sessilis (“sitting”), from sessus, perfect passive participle of verb sedeō (“to sit”), + adjective suffix -ilis. Compare session.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sessile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "seton": { + "definition": "A few silk threads or horsehairs, or a strip of linen etc., introduced beneath the skin by a knife or needle, so as to induce suppuration; also, the issue so formed.", + "origin": "From Middle English seton, setoun, from Medieval Latin sētō, sētōn-.", + "sentence": "The animal was lean and tall, and had a moth-eaten mane, rough hoofs and loose shoes; a seton bobbed up and down on its breast.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seton", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1904, Gustave Flaubert, Over Strand and Field:" + }, + "sforzando": { + "definition": "A mark that indicates that a note is to be played with a strong initial attack.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian sforzando.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sforzando", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Shawwal": { + "definition": "The tenth month of the Islamic calendar.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Arabic شَوَّال (šawwāl).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Shawwal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Shiba Inu": { + "definition": "A dog of a small, agile Japanese breed originally used for hunting.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 柴犬 (shibainu).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Shiba%20Inu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "shubunkin": { + "definition": "A Japanese variety of goldfish", + "origin": "Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 朱文金 (“shubunkin”), literally \"red brocade\".", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shubunkin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "silique": { + "definition": "A long dry fruit (seed capsule), length more than twice the width, typical to cruciferous plants and consisting of two fused carpels that separate when ripe.", + "origin": "From French silique, from Latin siliqua (“a pod or husk, a very small weight or measure”). Doublet of siliqua.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/silique", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Skeltonic": { + "definition": "Employing or relating to Skeltonics.", + "origin": "From Skelton + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Skeltonic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "skerrick": { + "definition": "A very small amount or portion; the least bit.", + "origin": "Origin uncertain, possibly a variant of scuddick (“(Northern England, Southwestern England, slang) very small amount; small coin or other object”), possibly related to scud (“(UK, dialectal, dated) piece of twisted straw used to stop up a drain”, noun), scud (“(UK, dialectal, dated) to form straw into scuds”, verb); further etymology unknown.", + "sentence": "It had been filtered through porcelain and centrifuged until every last skerrick of life had succumbed.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skerrick", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1969, Clive Barry, Fly Jamskoni, London: Faber and Faber […], →ISBN, page 54:" + }, + "sororal": { + "definition": "Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a sister or sisters; sisterlike, sisterly.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥\nProto-Indo-European *su-h₁ésh₂-ōr?\nProto-Indo-European *swé\nProto-Indo-European *-sōr\n?\nProto-Indo-European *swésōr\nProto-Italic *swezōr\nLatin soror\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish sororal\nFrom Latin soror (“sister”) + English -al (adjectival suffix).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sororal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "saccharide": { + "definition": "The unit structure of carbohydrates, of general formula CₙH₂ₙOₙ. Either the simple sugars or polymers such as starch and cellulose. The saccharides exist in either a ring or short chain conformation, and typically contain five or six carbon atoms.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂\nProto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH\nProto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH\nSanskrit शर्क॑रा (śárkarā)\nPali sakkharābor.\nAncient Greek σάκχαρ (sákkhar)bor.\nLatin saccharon\nLatin saccharum\nEnglish saccharo-\nEnglish -ide\nEnglish saccharide\nFrom saccharo- + -ide.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saccharide", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sorrel": { + "definition": "A drink, consumed especially in the Caribbean around Christmas, made from the flowers of Hibiscus sabdariffa: hibiscus tea.", + "origin": "From Middle English sorel, from Old French sorel, surele (“sorrel”), from Old French sur (“sour”), of Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sūraz (“sour”); equivalent to sour + -el (diminutive suffix). Compare Old English sūre (“sorrel”), Icelandic súra (“sorrel”), Dutch zuring (“dock (plant), sorrel”). More at sour.", + "sentence": "Sorrel was prepared over a long period, not as quickly as it is now.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sorrel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007, African and Caribbean Celebrations, →ISBN, page 56:" + }, + "saeta": { + "definition": "A Spanish religious song evoking strong emotion, usually sung during public processions.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saeta", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sostenuto": { + "definition": "played in a sustained manner beyond the note's normal value", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian sostenuto.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adverb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sostenuto", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Sagittarius": { + "definition": "A constellation of the zodiac traditionally figured as a centaur drawing a bow. It contains the stars Kaus Australis, Kaus Borealis and Nunki.", + "origin": "From Latin sagittārius (“archer”), calque of Ancient Greek τοξότης (toxótēs); possibly adapted from Akkadian 𒀯𒉺𒉋𒊕 (pabilsaĝ, “the bow-armed god Pabilsaĝ”) (see Pabilsaĝ), from Sumerian 𒀯𒉺𒉋𒊕 (ᴹᵁᴸPA.BIL₂.SAG).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sagittarius", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "souchong": { + "definition": "Any of several varieties of aromatic black tea from China.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Cantonese 小種 /小种 (siu² zung², “subvariety”). See also Hokkien 小種茶 /小种茶 (sió-chióng-tê).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/souchong", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sakura": { + "definition": "cherry tree", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 桜(さくら) (sakura, “cherry tree”).", + "sentence": "Sakura represent the short-lived beauty of life.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sakura", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Meg Greene, Japan: A Primary Source Cultural Guide, New York, N.Y.: PowerPlus Books, The Rosen Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 19:" + }, + "salmagundi": { + "definition": "Hence, any mixture of various ingredients; an olio or medley; a potpourri; a miscellany.", + "origin": "From French salmigondis (“seasoned salt meats”), from Middle French salmigondin, probably related to Middle French salomene (“hodgepodge of meats or fish cooked in wine”), from Old French salemine.", + "sentence": "This is not, however, a mere salmagundi of alphabetical arcana.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/salmagundi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013 September 14, Jane Shilling, “The Golden Thread: the Story of Writing, by Ewan Clayton, review [print edition: Illuminating language]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), page R29:" + }, + "spodumene": { + "definition": "The mineral lithium aluminium inosilicate (LiAl(SiO₃)₂), a pyroxene and ore of lithium, sometimes regarded as a gemstone, which may be greenish, yellowish or pinkish in appearance.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek σποδούμενος (spodoúmenos, “burnt to ashes”).", + "sentence": "Spodumene alone was found to be too refractory to produce vitrification at cone 11.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spodumene", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000, Mimi Obstler, Out of the Earth, Into the Fire, American Ceramic Society, page 59:" + }, + "sambal": { + "definition": "A hot relish made from chili peppers and other ingredients.", + "origin": "Borrowed, either directly or via Afrikaans sambal, from Malay sambal, from Javanese ꦱꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ (sambel).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sambal", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "sprechstimme": { + "definition": "A dramatic vocal style midway between speaking and singing.", + "origin": "From German Sprechstimme.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sprechstimme", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "samsara": { + "definition": "In Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and some other eastern religions, the ongoing cycle of birth, death, and rebirth endured by human beings and all other mortal beings, and from which release is obtained by achieving the highest enlightenment.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra).", + "sentence": "Until we are released from the law of karma and reach moksha or deliverance, we will be in samsara or the time process.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/samsara", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1957, S. Radhakrishnan, C. A. Moore, editors, A Sourcebook in Indian Philosophy, Princeton Univ. Press, page 38:" + }, + "sravaka": { + "definition": "A holy disciple.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Sanskrit श्रावक (śrāvaka).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sravaka", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Sangamon": { + "definition": "A river originating in central Illinois, United States, a tributary to the Illinois River.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sangamon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "stevedore": { + "definition": "A dockworker involved in loading and unloading cargo, or in supervising such work.", + "origin": "From Spanish estibador (cognate with Portuguese estivador, and compare Medieval Latin stivator), from estivar, estibar (“to load”), from Medieval Latin stivare, stīpāre (compare Italian stivare, stipare), the present active infinitive of stīpō (“to cram, fill, stuff”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *steypos, which is from the root Proto-Indo-European *steyp-. It is cognate with stiff through Proto-Indo-European.\nAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word was attested in 1788 in the early form stowadore (see the quotations). It was included in the 1st edition of Webster’s Dictionary (1828) as stevedore.", + "sentence": "The stevedore superintendent and hatch foreman occupy strategic positions from a safety viewpoint.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stevedore", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1956, Maritime Cargo Transportation Conference (U.S.), “The Longshore Industry and Its Hazards”, in Longshore Safety Survey: A Survey of Occupational Hazards in the Stevedore Industry: By the Maritime Cargo Transportation Conference. As Part of a Program Undertaken at the Request of the Departments of Defense and of Commerce (National Research Council; publication 459), Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences; National Research Council, →OCLC, page 15:" + }, + "sangfroid": { + "definition": "Composure, self-possession or imperturbability especially when in a dangerous situation.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French sang-froid, from sang (“blood”) + froid (“cold”).", + "sentence": "He handled the stressful situation with great sangfroid.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sangfroid", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "sannyasi": { + "definition": "A man in the stage of sannyasa; a wandering ascetic, a religious mendicant.", + "origin": "Via Hindi संन्यासी (sannyāsī), ultimately from Sanskrit संन्यासिन् (saṃnyāsin).", + "sentence": "Only a householder could do the rites, they said – not a sannyasi.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sannyasi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2016, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, published 2017, page 56:" + }, + "stretto": { + "definition": "The presence of two close or overlapping statements of the subject of a fugue, especially towards the end.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian stretto. Doublet of strait and strict.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stretto", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Saoshyant": { + "definition": "An eschatological savior figure in Zoroastrianism.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬊𐬳𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬝 (saoš́iiaṇt̰).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Saoshyant", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Sapporo": { + "definition": "The capital and largest city of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 札幌 (Sapporo), from Ainu サッ・ポロ・ペッ (sat poro pet, literally “dry, great river”).", + "sentence": "Gong’s inspiration comes from exploring the great outdoors in Sapporo, the mountainous capital city of Hokkaido in northern Japan.", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sapporo", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2017 July 16, Jenny Marc, Katy Scott, “Revolutionary gel is five times stronger than steel”, in CNN, archived from the original on 02 Jul 2025:" + }, + "stroganoff": { + "definition": "A dish of sautéed pieces of beef served in a sauce with sour cream.", + "origin": "From French stroganoff, ellipsis of bœuf Stroganoff (whence English beef stroganoff), from bœuf (“beef”) + Stroganoff (from Russian Стро́ганов (Stróganov)), named after one of the members of the Stroganov family, a distinguished Russian family involved in the settlement of Siberia. It has been debated whether it is named after the diplomat Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov or the politician Alexander Stroganov. For the French-style postpositive placement of Stroganoff, compare chicken Kiev and bananas Foster.", + "sentence": "With its creamy texture and unique taste, our version is certain to win over even the most diehard stroganoff fans.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stroganoff", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2002, Hope Ricciotti, Vincent Connelly, The Pregnancy Cookbook:" + }, + "struthious": { + "definition": "like an ostrich or other ratite", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek στρουθίων (strouthíōn)bor.\n▲\nLatin strūthiocamēlusinflu.\nLatin strūthiō\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish struthious\nFrom Latin strūthiō (“ostrich”) + English -ous (“relating to”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/struthious", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tachycardia": { + "definition": "A rapid resting heart rate, especially one above 100 beats per minute; palpitations.", + "origin": "Learned borrowing from New Latin tachycardia, from Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “swift”) + καρδία (kardía, “heart”). By surface analysis, tachy- + -cardia. Compare French tachycardie.", + "sentence": "The heart becomes irritable, there is nervous palpitation, or attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tachycardia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1896 June, E[dwin] M. Hale, “The Heart at the Beginning and Ending of the Menstrual Life: Reprinted from the Hahnemannian Monthly, June, 1896”, in The Hahnemannian Monthly, Philadelphia, Pa.: Homœopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, →OCLC, page 1:" + }, + "tachyon": { + "definition": "A hypothetical particle that travels faster than the speed of light.", + "origin": "Formed as: tachy- + -on, from ταχύς (takhús, “swift”, “rapid”).\nCoined by American physicist Gerald Feinberg in 1967.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tachyon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "taedium vitae": { + "definition": "Profound ennui or weariness of one's life.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin taedium (“boredom”) + vītae (“of life”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taedium%20vitae", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tamarack": { + "definition": "Any of several North American larches, of the genus Larix.", + "origin": "From Canadian French tamarac, believed to derive from an Algonquian word.\nIn European languages there was contamination between tacamahac, from Nahuatl, and various Algonquian words containing the final Proto-Algonquian *-a·xkw- (“hardwood or deciduous tree”), including the sources of tamarack and hackmatack, as was already recognized by Chamberlain 1902. This makes the precise Algonquian words involved difficult to recover.", + "sentence": "The women peeled tamarack bark for tea, dug through the deep snow in hopes of finding a few dried fiddleheads.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tamarack", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Joseph Boyden, Three Day Road, Penguin, published 2008, page 36:" + }, + "tamari": { + "definition": "A type of soy sauce made without wheat, having a rich flavor.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 溜まり.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tamari", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tambour": { + "definition": "In real tennis, a buttress-like obstruction in the main wall.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French tambour (“drum”), from Arabic طُنْبُور (ṭunbūr), from the Middle Persian ancestor of Classical Persian تنبور (tanbūr). Doublet of tabor and tanbur. Compare Armenian տաւիղ (tawiġ), and tabla.", + "sentence": "One hazard is the tambour, a buttress which juts out and causes the ball to bounce unpredictably.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tambour", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2019, Simon Horobin, Bagels, Bumf, and Buses, page 150:" + }, + "tanager": { + "definition": "Any of numerous species of often colorful passerine birds that inhabit New World forests within the family Thraupidae.", + "origin": "From translingual Tanagra, from Portuguese tangará, from Old Tupi tangará.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tanager", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tandoori": { + "definition": "An Indian restaurant, especially one with a tandoor.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Hindustani तन्दूरी (tandūrī) / تندوری (tandūrī), from Classical Persian تنوری (tanūrī).", + "sentence": "He's done those lads at a tandoori when they started giving him grief.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tandoori", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1991 03, Punch:" + }, + "tannined": { + "definition": "Containing or treated with tannin.", + "origin": "From tannin + -ed.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tannined", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "taoiseach": { + "definition": "A chieftain or leader.", + "origin": "See Taoiseach.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taoiseach", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tapetum": { + "definition": "A membranous layer of tissue.", + "origin": "From Latin tapētum. Further from Ancient Greek τάπης (tápēs). Doublet of tapet.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tapetum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tardigrade": { + "definition": "Sluggish; moving slowly.", + "origin": "From Latin tardigradus (“slowly stepping”), from tardus (“slow”) + gradior (“step, walk”), equivalent to Latin tardus + -i- + -grade.", + "sentence": "In sorrow, its voice is tardigrade but loud, dragging time at a snail's pace before our eyes.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tardigrade", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2001, Richard S. Conde, “The Metronome”, in Century One, →ISBN, page 92:" + }, + "tarpaulin": { + "definition": "A heavy, waterproof sheet of material, often cloth or plastic sheet, used as a cover or blanket (often as weatherproofing, or to keep loose cargo from blowing off a lorry).", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dóruder.\nProto-Germanic *terwą\nOld English teoru\nMiddle English ter\nEnglish tar\nProto-Indo-European *pel-\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\n?\nLatin pallium\nOld French pailebor.\nOld English pæl\nMiddle English pal\nEnglish pall\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish tarpaulin\nFrom tar + pall (“heavy canvas”) + -ing. The sailor sense reflects that sailors of centuries past often wore garments made of tarred cloth (for weatherproofing).", + "sentence": "Throw a tarpaulin over that woodpile before it gets wet.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tarpaulin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "taurine": { + "definition": "Pertaining to a bull; bull-like.", + "origin": "From Latin taurīnus, from taurus (“bull”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taurine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Tegucigalpa": { + "definition": "The capital city of Honduras.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish Tegucigalpa, from Classical Nahuatl.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tegucigalpa", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "telamon": { + "definition": "A figure of a man (often Atlas) used as a pillar for support.", + "origin": "From Latin telamon, from Ancient Greek τελαμών (telamṓn, “pillar shaped as a male figure, strap used for carrying”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/telamon", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "teledu": { + "definition": "A stink badger, a mammal endemic to the island of Java, Mydaus javanensis.", + "origin": "From Malay teledu.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/teledu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "telegnosis": { + "definition": "Knowledge of events outside of normal sensory perception.", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek τηλε (tēle, “at a distance, far off, far away, far from”) + γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/telegnosis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "temalacatl": { + "definition": "A gladiatorial platform believed to have been used by Mesoamerican civilizations, consisting of a large stone disc with a handle in the center where a prisoner was tied for combat.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/temalacatl", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tempeh": { + "definition": "An Indonesian food made from partially-cooked soybeans fermented by a fungus (either Rhizopus oligosporus or Rhizopus oryzae).", + "origin": "From Indonesian tempe, from Malay tempe, possibly from Old Javanese tumpi (“a food made from starch and tempeh”), or Malay tapai (“fermentation”).", + "sentence": "Usually sporulation occurred when the tempeh had been exposed to air ( e.g. as the result of uncovering of the pan too frequently ) .", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tempeh", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1960, Bwee-Hwa Yap, Nutritional and Chemical Studies on Tempeh, Cornell University, page 28:" + }, + "terai": { + "definition": "A belt of marshy land, which lies between the foothills of the Himalayas and the plains.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Nepali तराइ (tarāi) and/or Hindustani (Hindi तराई (tarāī) / Urdu ترائی (tarāī, “marsh, foothills”)), from Prakrit *तलघट्टिका- (*talaghaṭṭikā-), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan *taras (“plain, plateau”), possibly related to Sanskrit तल (tala, “level”); cognate to Nepali तराइ (tarāi). Possibly later associated with Classical Persian تر (tar, “humid”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terai", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "teratism": { + "definition": "Any severe congenital malformation", + "origin": "From terato- + -ism.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/teratism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "terra nullius": { + "definition": "Empty land; land not legally belonging to anyone; no man's land.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin terra nūllīus (“nobody's land”).", + "sentence": "When Aboriginal people showed up which they inevitably did they had to be subjected, incarcerated or eradicated: to keep the myth of terra nullius alive.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terra%20nullius", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1993, Patrick Dodson, ‘Welcome Speech to Conference on the Position of Indigenous People in National Constitutions’, in Heiss & Minter, Macquarie PEN Anthology of Aboriginal Literature, Allen & Unwin 2008, p. 146" + }, + "Waf": { + "definition": "Represents the sound of a fox barking.", + "origin": "Onomatopoeic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "interjection", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/waf", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wahine": { + "definition": "A Polynesian or Maori woman.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Māori wahine (“woman”), from Proto-Polynesian *fafine.", + "sentence": "One Way Wahine was the next beach movie, after Ride the Wild Surf, to be filmed on the sands of Hawaii.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wahine", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2005, Thomas Lisanti, Hollywood Surf and Beach Movies: The First Wave, 1959–1969, McFarland & Company, page 224:" + }, + "Wampanoag": { + "definition": "A member of a Native American tribe located in southeastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island.", + "origin": "From Massachusett Wôpanâak, wôpanâak.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wampanoag", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wapiti": { + "definition": "The American elk (Cervus canadensis).", + "origin": "From Shawnee waapiti (“elk; white rump”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wapiti", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wassail": { + "definition": "Revelry.", + "origin": "From Middle English wassail, from Old Norse ves heill (“be healthy!”), from the imperative of vesa (“to be”) + heill (“healthy”). The earliest documented use of the term is from the first part of the 12th century CE, in Geoffroy of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (see page's citations).", + "sentence": "The victors abandoned themselves to feasting and wassail.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wassail", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1855–1858, William H[ickling] Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain, volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson, and Company, →OCLC:" + }, + "weka": { + "definition": "Gallirallus australis, a flightless bird of New Zealand in the family Rallidae with brown plumage.", + "origin": "From Māori weka.", + "sentence": "A superb weka feather cloak.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/weka", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1983, Keri Hulme, The Bone People, Penguin, published 1986, page 374:" + }, + "Wensleydale": { + "definition": "The valley of the River Ure in Richmondshire district, North Yorkshire, England.", + "origin": "From Wensley (“a village”) + dale (“valley”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wensleydale", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wentletrap": { + "definition": "Any of numerous species of elegant, usually white, marine shells of the family Epitoniidae, especially Epitonium scalare, which were formerly highly valued.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Dutch wenteltrap (“a winding staircase”); compare German Wendeltreppe.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wentletrap", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "whippoorwill": { + "definition": "A nocturnal insectivorous bird of North America (Antrostomus vociferus, syn. Caprimulgus vociferus), a type of nightjar, named after its characteristic call.", + "origin": "Imitative of its note.", + "sentence": "“Seems like I heard a whippoorwill callinʼ, and I thought to myself, Go on away from here, weʼll whip ole Will when we find him.”", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whippoorwill", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 55:" + }, + "whydah": { + "definition": "Any of various black and white African birds with distinctive drooping long tailfeathers on males in mating season, suitable as cage birds.", + "origin": "Alteration of the first component of widow bird, after Whydah (now Ouidah) in Benin.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whydah", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wigan": { + "definition": "A canvas-like cotton fabric, often coated with latex rubber, used to stiffen and protect the lower part of trousers, dresses, etc.", + "origin": "From Wigan (“town in Greater Manchester”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wigan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wildebeest": { + "definition": "The gnu.", + "origin": "Borrowed in the early 19th century from early Afrikaans wildebeest, modern wildebees (literally “wild ox”), with influence from beast.", + "sentence": "Later that morning, they wrapped Ian in a wildebeest skin and buried him near a shepherd tree.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wildebeest", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2013, Eleanor Morse, White Dog Fell From the Sky:" + }, + "witch of Agnesi": { + "definition": "A cubic plane curve defined from two diametrically opposite points of a circle.", + "origin": "Named after Italian mathematician Maria Gaetana Agnesi, who wrote about such curves, and from a mistranslation of Italian versiera, the term she used for them which means \"rope\", but which is spelled the same as versiera (“witch”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/witch%20of%20Agnesi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "wushu": { + "definition": "Any Chinese martial art.", + "origin": "From Mandarin 武術／武术 (wǔshù, “martial techniques”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wushu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "xerogel": { + "definition": "A solid formed by the dehydration of a gel.", + "origin": "From xero- + gel.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xerogel", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "xyloglyphy": { + "definition": "The art of carving in wood.", + "origin": "From xylo- + Ancient Greek γλυφή (gluphḗ, “carving”) + -y.", + "sentence": "Xyloglyphy is a form of sculpture, whereas xylography is engraving in wood.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xyloglyphy", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "yakitori": { + "definition": "A Japanese shish kebab-type dish made with small pieces of chicken or other ingredients cooked on skewers, often marinated in soy sauce or seasoned with salt.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 焼(や)き鳥(とり) (yakitori), from 焼(や)き (yaki, “grilled, toasted”) + 鳥(とり) (tori, “bird”).", + "sentence": "He passed yakitori stands and massage parlors, a franchised coffee shop called Beautiful Girl, the electronic thunder of an arcade.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yakitori", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1984, William Gibson, Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 10:" + }, + "yosenabe": { + "definition": "A Japanese hot pot with chicken, seafood, and vegetables.", + "origin": "From Japanese 寄せ鍋 (yosenabe).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yosenabe", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "yttriferous": { + "definition": "Containing or producing yttrium.", + "origin": "From yttrium + -i- + -ferous.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yttriferous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "yuloh": { + "definition": "A large, heavy sculling oar with a socket on the underside of its shaft to fits over a stern-mounted pin, creating a pivot that allows the oar to swivel and rock from side to side.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yuloh", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "yuzu": { + "definition": "A citrus fruit originating in East Asia, Citrus ichangensis x Citrus reticulata var. austera.", + "origin": "From Japanese 柚子 (yuzu).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yuzu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Terre Haute": { + "definition": "A city in and the county seat of Vigo County, Indiana, United States.", + "origin": "From French terre haute.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Terre%20Haute", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tessitura": { + "definition": "The most acceptable and comfortable vocal range for a singer or musical instrument; the range in which a given type of voice presents its best-sounding timbre.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian tessitura. Doublet of texture.", + "sentence": "He started writing a bravura / Opera based on Cleopatra’s death, / Exploiting all Maria’s tessitura, / With a high F before her final breath.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tessitura", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1995, Anthony Burgess, Byrne:" + }, + "tetrachoric": { + "definition": "Between two dichotomous variables", + "origin": "From tetra- + Ancient Greek χῶρος (khôros) + -ic. First used in statistical theory in the early 20th century.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tetrachoric", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "trouvaille": { + "definition": "A lucky find, a windfall.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French trouvaille.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trouvaille", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Teutonic": { + "definition": "Relating to the ancient Germanic people, the Teutons.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *tewtéh₂\n1580, from Latin Teutonicus, from Teutonēs, Teutonī (“the Teutons”, name of a Germanic tribe that inhabited coastal Germany and devastated Gaul between 113–101 B.C.), equivalent to Teuton + -ic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Teutonic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tryptophan": { + "definition": "An essential amino acid with an indole side chain; present in many foods, especially chocolate, oats, banana and milk; it is essential for normal growth and development and is the precursor of serotonin and niacin; any specific form of this compound, or any derivative of it.", + "origin": "From German Tryptophan, from Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to appear”).", + "sentence": "The quickest way to raise serotonin levels again is to send more tryptophan into the brain, because serotonin is made from tryptophan.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tryptophan", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 169:" + }, + "thalassic": { + "definition": "of or relating to seas and oceans", + "origin": "From French thalassique, from Ancient Greek θάλασσα (thálassa, “sea”) + -ique.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thalassic", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tsukupin": { + "definition": "A kind of large outrigger canoe used for fishing around Yap.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tsukupin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "theca": { + "definition": "The pollen-producing organ usually found in pairs and forming an anther.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti\nAncient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)\nAncient Greek θήκη (thḗkē)bor.\nLatin thēca\nEnglish theca\nFrom New Latin, from Latin thēca, from Ancient Greek θήκη (thḗkē, “a case, box, receptacle”), from τίθημι (títhēmi, “put, set, place”). Doublet of tay.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/theca", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Theravada": { + "definition": "The oldest surviving school of Buddhism based on the earliest recorded teachings of the historical Buddha found in the Pali canon, widely practised in Southeast Asia.", + "origin": "Transliteration of Pali theravāda, inherited from Sanskrit स्थविरवाद (sthaviravāda, literally “doctrine of the elders”), from स्थविर (sthavira, “elder”) + वाद (vāda, “doctrine”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Theravada", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "turmeric": { + "definition": "An Indian plant (Curcuma longa), with aromatic rhizomes, part of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae).", + "origin": "From Middle English turmeryte, tarmaret, of uncertain origin. Possibly corrupted from Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum, “Curcuma”) or from Old French terre mérite (“deserving earth”), potentially as a folk etymology of the Arabic.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turmeric", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tusche": { + "definition": "A black liquid used in lithography for drawing and painting and in etching and the silk-screen process as a resist.", + "origin": "Borrowed from German Tusche, from tuschen, from French toucher.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tusche", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Thomism": { + "definition": "The philosophy and theology of Thomas Aquinas and his followers.", + "origin": "From Thom(as) + ism. Named after Thomas Aquinas.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Thomism", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tic douloureux": { + "definition": "Trigeminal neuralgia.", + "origin": "From French, literally, “painful tic”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tic%20douloureux", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tikka": { + "definition": "A marinade made from various aromatic spices usually with a yoghurt base; often used in Indian cuisine prior to grilling in a tandoor.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Hindustani टिक्का (ṭikkā, “piece”) / ٹِکّہ (ṭikka), ultimately from Classical Persian تکه (tikka).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tikka", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tikkun": { + "definition": "A night of (usually communal) Torah study.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Hebrew תִּקּוּן (tikún).", + "sentence": "When we stay up learning all night at a tikkun every Shavuot, we do it because it is fun!", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tikkun", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2000, David Golinkin, “The Whys and Hows of Conservative Halakhah”, in Responsa in a Moment, volume 3, page 17:" + }, + "tilleul": { + "definition": "A pale yellowish-green color.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French tilleul (“linden”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tilleul", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tinamou": { + "definition": "Any of the birds belonging to the South American family Tinamidae, the only family in the order Tinamiformes. They are related to the ratites, together with which they form the superorder Paleognathae.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French tinamou, from Kari'na tinamú (“great tinamou”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tinamou", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tinnient": { + "definition": "Having a ringing or clinking sound.", + "origin": "From Latin tinnīo + -ent.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tinnient", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tintinnabulary": { + "definition": "A bell-ringer.", + "origin": "From tintinnabular + -ary. Noun sense possibly also under the influence of Latin tintinnabularius (“bell-ringer”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tintinnabulary", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tiramisu": { + "definition": "An Italian semifreddo dessert, originally from Veneto, made from ladyfinger biscuits, cocoa, mascarpone cheese, Marsala wine, eggs (or sometimes cream), sugar and espresso coffee.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian tiramisù (literally “pick-me-up”).", + "sentence": "Numerous variations of tiramisu exist.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tiramisu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2021 October 31, Lorenzo Tondo, “Italy’s father of tiramisu dies aged 93”, in The Guardian:" + }, + "tmesis": { + "definition": "The insertion of one or more words between the components of a compound word.", + "origin": "From Late Latin tmēsis, from Ancient Greek τμῆσις (tmêsis, “a cutting”), from τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”). First attested in 1586.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tmesis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "toccata": { + "definition": "A piece of music (usually for a keyboard instrument) designed to emphasise the dexterity of the performer.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian toccata.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toccata", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "toile": { + "definition": "plain or simple twilled fabric", + "origin": "Borrowed from French toile. Doublet of tela.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toile", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Tok Pisin": { + "definition": "One of the official languages of Papua New Guinea.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Tok Pisin Tok Pisin, from English talk + pidgin or business.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tok%20Pisin", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tokonoma": { + "definition": "A recess in a domestic interior in which things are displayed, such as kakemono (hanging scrolls) or ikebana (flower arrangements).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 床の間 (tokonoma).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tokonoma", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tomahawk": { + "definition": "An axe used by Native American warriors, originally made of stone, bone, or antler.", + "origin": "From an Eastern Algonquian word, most likely Powhatan tumahák; compare also Malecite-Passamaquoddy tomhikon (“axe”), Abenaki temahigan, demahigan (“axe”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tomahawk", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tomalley": { + "definition": "The hepatopancreas of a crustacean.", + "origin": "Derived from Kari'na tamali /tumale (“a sauce of lobster liver”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tomalley", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tonsillitis": { + "definition": "Inflammation of the tonsils.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish tonsil\nProto-Indo-European *-tósder.\nAncient Greek -της (-tēs)der.\nAncient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis)lbor.\nNew Latin -itisder.\nEnglish -itis\nEnglish tonsillitis\nFrom tonsil + -itis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tonsillitis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "topazolite": { + "definition": "A yellowish form of andradite", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek τόπαζος (tópazos) + -lite. Equivalent to topaz + -lite.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/topazolite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "toque": { + "definition": "A type of hat with no brim.", + "origin": "From Middle French toque (“toque”), from Arabic طَاقِيَّة (ṭāqiyya).", + "sentence": "A toque is that which if it had strings would be a bonnet, and if it had brim, would be a hat.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toque", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1903, Janet Elder Rait, Alison Howard, Archibald Constable & Co., page 273:" + }, + "toreutics": { + "definition": "The art of making relief or intaglio designs, especially by chasing, carving or embossing in metal", + "origin": "From Ancient Greek τορευτικός (toreutikós, “of metal work”), from τορευτός (toreutós, “worked in relief”), from τορέω (toréō, “I work in relief”), from τορευς (toreus, “a boring tool”), from Proto-Indo-European *terə-.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toreutics", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "torii": { + "definition": "A traditional Japanese gate at Shinto shrines, symbolically marking the transition from the profane to the sacred.", + "origin": "From Japanese 鳥居 (torii, literally “bird abode”).", + "sentence": "The torii marks the entrance to the sacred grounds of a shrine.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/torii", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1994 November 22, Stuart D. B. Picken, Essentials of Shinto: An Analytical Guide to Principal Teachings, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 146:" + }, + "toril": { + "definition": "A bullpen, especially one attached to a bullfighting arena where the bull is held prior to the fight.", + "origin": "From Spanish toril.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toril", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tourelle": { + "definition": "A turret.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French tourelle. Doublet of tor, tower, and turret.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tourelle", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "zacate": { + "definition": "Swamp ricegrass, Leersia hexandra, a grass cultivated for green forage.", + "origin": "From Philippine Spanish zacate, from Mexican Spanish zacate, from Classical Nahuatl zacatl (“dry weeds or grass; fodder, forage”), from Uto-Aztecan *saka-t.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zacate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tournedos": { + "definition": "Filet mignon.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French tournedos, from tourner (“to turn”) + dos (“back”).", + "sentence": "He loves grilled chops, sole meunière, rare tournedos and fresh vegetables.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tournedos", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 January 19, Elaine Sciolino, “The French Know Where 007 Acquired His Savoir-Faire”, in New York Times:" + }, + "zaibatsu": { + "definition": "A large business conglomerate founded under the Empire of Japan, generally controlled by a single family or individual.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Japanese 財閥(ざいばつ) (zaibatsu), coined from Middle Chinese 財 (d͡zoj, “wealth”) + 閥 (bjot, “powerful family”).", + "sentence": "He wondered briefly what it would be like, working all your life for one zaibatsu.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zaibatsu", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1984, William Gibson, Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 37:" + }, + "towhee": { + "definition": "Any of several species of birds of the genera Pipilo and Melozone.", + "origin": "Imitative of the call of the eastern towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/towhee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Zamboni": { + "definition": "An ice resurfacing machine used to groom skating rinks, especially for professional use.", + "origin": "From the surname of the inventor, Frank J. Zamboni, and his brand of such machines. Zamboni was originally (and may still be) a trademark of Frank J. Zamboni & Co., Inc.. Its use in the general sense is an example of trademark erosion. The surname itself is of Italian origin, as a northeastern dialectal variant (possibly Venetan) of Giambono, comprised of a reduced form of Gianni (from Giovanni (“John”)) + Bono or buono (“good”). Frank Zamboni's father originated from Arsio in Trentino, northern Italy.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Zamboni", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "trichinosis": { + "definition": "A disease characterized by headache, chills, fever, and soreness of muscles, caused by the presence of nematodes of genus Trichinella in the intestines and muscular tissues.", + "origin": "From New Latin trichinōsis. By surface analysis, trichina + -osis.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trichinosis", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Zanni": { + "definition": "A surname from Italian.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Italian Zanni.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Zanni", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "triduum": { + "definition": "A period of three days (especially in Roman Catholic liturgy).", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin trīduum, from trēs (“three”) + diēs (“day”).", + "sentence": "I’m much more comfortable on Maundy Thursday, the beginning of the Triduum, the holiest three days in the Christian calendar.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/triduum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2023 April 8, Esau McCaulley, “On Hope, Hate and the Most Radical Claim of the Easter Season”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:" + }, + "zapateado": { + "definition": "A Mexican dance of Spanish-Indo origin characterized by a lively rhythm punctuated by the striking of the dancer's shoes.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Spanish zapateado.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zapateado", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Zdarsky tent": { + "definition": "A type of shelter prepared from a light sheet of cloth that is used instead of a tent.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Zdarsky%20tent", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "triquetra": { + "definition": "A shape formed of three vesicae piscium, sometimes with an additional circle, a symbol of things and persons that are threefold (including the Christian Trinity), and a symbol of protection in Wicca.", + "origin": "From Latin triquētrus (“having three corners”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/triquetra", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "zemi": { + "definition": "Any of various local deities, human or animal and represented by small idols, once worshipped by the Caribbean peoples of the Taino culture.", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zemi", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "triskelion": { + "definition": "A figure composed of three interlocked spirals (or three bent human legs), with threefold rotational symmetry.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek τρισκέλιον (triskélion).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/triskelion", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "tristeza": { + "definition": "A damaging viral disease of citrus plants, caused by Closterovirus.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Portuguese tristeza (“sadness”), referring to the devastation it caused in South America in the 1930s.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tristeza", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "trochee": { + "definition": "A metrical foot in verse consisting of a stressed or heavy syllable followed by an unstressed or light syllable.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French trochée, via Latin trochaeus from the Ancient Greek τροχαῖος (trokhaîos), derived from τρέχω (trékhō, “run”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trochee", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "zugzwang": { + "definition": "A situation in which someone is forced to make a disadvantageous move.", + "origin": "From German Zugzwang, from Zug (“move”) + Zwang (“compulsion”).", + "sentence": "Here, too, it is Russia that, ironically, is in Zugzwang.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zugzwang", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014, Alexander J. Motyl, “PUTIN'S ZUGZWANG: The Russia-Ukraine Standoff”, in World Affairs, volume 177, number 2, page 60:" + }, + "ubiquinone": { + "definition": "any of several isoprenyl quinones that have a role in cellular respiration", + "origin": "A documented origin is not yet available for this word.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ubiquinone", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "ullage": { + "definition": "In a cask or barrel, the empty space, occupied by air, that is created by not completely filling the cask or barrel, or through spillage.", + "origin": "From Middle English ulage, from Anglo-Norman ulliage, from *ullier (“to fill a partially empty cask”), from Old French oel (“bunghole”, literally “eye”), from Latin oculus (“eye”). See French ouillage.", + "sentence": "The dry ullage will be obtained in the same manner, the dry inches being used instead of the wet.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ullage", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1840, Joseph Bateman, The Excise Officer's Manual and Improved Gauger:" + }, + "ululate": { + "definition": "To howl loudly or prolongedly in lamentation or joy.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Latin ululō, ululātus, of imitative origin. Cognate with Spanish aullar (“to howl”) and ulular (“to hoot”), and French ululer (“to howl”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ululate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "unakite": { + "definition": "An altered granite composed of pink orthoclase feldspar, green epidote, and generally colorless quartz.", + "origin": "From Unakas + -ite.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unakite", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "unguiculate": { + "definition": "Having nails or claws, as distinguished from hoofs.", + "origin": "Borrowed from New Latin unguiculātus.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unguiculate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "uraeus": { + "definition": "A representation of the sacred asp, symbolising supreme power in ancient Egypt.", + "origin": "From Latin uraeus, from Ancient Greek οὐραῖος (ouraîos). This is traditionally assumed to be from Egyptian jꜥrt (“cobra in threat posture”), i-a:r:*t-I12, from jꜥr (“to rise, climb”); however, on phonetic grounds, Gundacker, following Fecht, argues for an origin in Egyptian wrrt (“White Crown, uraeus”, literally “the great one”) instead.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uraeus", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "urushiol": { + "definition": "An oil found in plants of the family Anacardiaceae, causing an allergic skin rash on contact; consists of a variable mixture of several related organic compounds.", + "origin": "From Japanese 漆 (うるし, urushi, “lacquer tree”) + -ol (“oil”).", + "sentence": "All three produce an oil, called urushiol, that is a potent allergen.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/urushiol", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1986, Francine Brown, Skin Care:" + }, + "ushabti": { + "definition": "In Ancient Egypt, a figurine of a dead person, placed in their tomb to do their work for them in the afterlife.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Egyptian w-S-b-t:y-A53 (wšbtj, “ushabti”, literally “answerer”), by folk etymology from earlier SA-wA-b-t:y-A53 (šꜣwꜣbtj), perhaps from S-wA-b-M1 (šwꜣb, “persea (tree)”), which may have been the material they were originally made from. The variant forms shawabti, shabti are borrowed directly from the earlier Egyptian forms šꜣwꜣbtj and šꜣbtj, respectively.", + "sentence": "The air was all at once full of Egyptian and Greek tear-bottles, Ushabti, and Sèvres.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ushabti", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1957, Lawrence Durrell, Justine:" + }, + "Ushuaia": { + "definition": "A city in southern Argentina, the capital of Tierra del Fuego province.", + "origin": "From Yámana ush + waia (“bay; cove”), meaning “deep bay” or “bay to background”.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "proper noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ushuaia", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "usufruct": { + "definition": "The legal right to use and derive profit or benefit from property that belongs to another person, as long as the property is not damaged.", + "origin": "From Late Latin ūsufrūctus, from ūsus + frūctus (“usage of the fruits of production”). Cognate with French usufruit, Italian usufrutto, usofrutto, Occitan usufrug, Portuguese usufruto, Spanish usufructo.", + "sentence": "International law recognizes a use right that is akin to the civil law usufruct or the common law life estate, lease, or profit.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/usufruct", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2014, John G. Sprankling, “An International Definition of ‘Property’”, in The International Law of Property, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN:" + }, + "varicella": { + "definition": "Any of various other eruptive diseases, such as swinepox, hives, and varioloid.", + "origin": "From New Latin varicella, diminutive of variola (“pox”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/varicella", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "velouté": { + "definition": "A mother sauce in French cuisine, consisting of a light stock thickened with a blond roux.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French velouté (“velvety, smooth”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/velout%C3%A9", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "verisimilitude": { + "definition": "Faithfulness to its own rules; internal cohesion.", + "origin": "From Middle French vérisimilitude, from Latin vērīsimilitūdō (“likeness to truth”), more correctly written separately as vērī similitūdō; from vērī, genitive singular of vērus (“true, real”), + similitūdō (“likeness, resemblance”).", + "sentence": "Other adulteries were noted in the interest of verisimilitude.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verisimilitude", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1973, Gore Vidal, chapter 16, in Burr:" + }, + "vermeil": { + "definition": "Vermilion; bright red.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wr̥mis\nProto-Italic *wormis\nLatin vermis\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -culus\nLatin vermiculus\nVulgar Latin *vermiclus\nOld French vermeilbor.\nMiddle English vermayle\nEnglish vermeil\nFrom Middle English vermayle, from Old French vermeil (“vermilion”), from Latin vermiculus (“little worm”), from vermis (“worm”), ultimately in reference to Kermes vermilio, a type of scale insect used to make a crimson dye. Doublet of vermicule.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vermeil", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "Véronique": { + "definition": "Prepared with wine, grapes, and a cream sauce.", + "origin": "French", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vexillologist": { + "definition": "One who studies flags.", + "origin": "Etymology tree\nEnglish vexillology\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nEnglish vexillologist\nFrom vexillology + -ist.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vexillologist", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "viaticum": { + "definition": "Provisions, money, or other supplies given to someone setting off on a long journey.", + "origin": "From Latin viāticum (“travelling-money, provisions for a journey”), from viāticus (“of a road or journey”), from via (“road”). Doublet of voyage.", + "sentence": "Towards night-fall he entered a town called Sa’adiyah where he alighted and took out somewhat of his viaticum and ate.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viaticum", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "1885, “Night 20”, in Sir Richard Burton, transl., The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night (fiction), Kama Shastra Society, translation of أَلْفُ لَيْلَةٍ وَلَيْلَةٌ [ʔalfu laylatin walaylatun, One Thousand and One Nights] (in Arabic); republished 1978, →ISBN:" + }, + "vigneron": { + "definition": "A person who grows vines for wine production, a winegrower", + "origin": "Borrowed from French vigneron.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vigneron", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vignette": { + "definition": "A small sticker affixed to a vehicle windscreen to indicate that tolls have been paid.", + "origin": "First attested in 1751. From French vignette, diminutive of vigne (“vine”), from Latin vīnea, from vīnum (“wine”). Replaced earlier Middle English vynet.", + "sentence": "In order to drive on Bulgarian roads outside Sofia you'll need to purchase a vignette which must be displayed in the windscreen.", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vignette", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2008, Sofia In Your Pocket, In Your Pocket, →ISBN, page 7:" + }, + "vilipend": { + "definition": "To treat (something) as inconsequential or worthless; to despise, to look down on.", + "origin": "From Middle English vilipenden (“to treat (something) as contemptible”) [and other forms], from Old French vilipender (modern French vilipender (“to condemn, despise, revile, scorn, vilipend, vilify”)), or its etymon Latin vilipendō, from vīlis (“cheap, inexpensive; base, mean, vile, worthless”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to buy, sell”)) + pendō (“to hang, suspend; to weigh, weigh out; (figuratively) to consider, ponder”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to stretch”)). The English word is cognate with Italian vilipendere (“to despise, scorn, vilipend”), Portuguese vilipendiar (“to vilify”), Spanish vilipendiar (“to vilify”).", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vilipend", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vinaceous": { + "definition": "Containing wine.", + "origin": "Borrowed from Late Latin vinaceus, from Latin vinum.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vinaceous", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vinaigrette": { + "definition": "A sauce, made of an acidic liquid such as vinegar or lemon juice; oil; and other ingredients, used as a salad dressing, or as a marinade for cold meats.", + "origin": "Borrowed from French vinaigrette. Sense 4 (“type of Russian salad”) is a semantic loan from Russian винегре́т (vinegrét), whence also the doublet vinegret.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "noun", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vinaigrette", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + }, + "vitiate": { + "definition": "To spoil, make faulty; to reduce the value, quality, or effectiveness of something.", + "origin": "PIE word\n *dwóh₁\nFrom Latin vitiātus, the perfect passive participle of vitiō (“damage, spoil”), from vitium (“vice”).", + "sentence": "Unfortunately, as Anderson and Sørenson (1996) and Bowsher (2002) document, instrument proliferation can vitiate the test.", + "part_of_speech": "verb", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vitiate", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "2007 August, David Roodman, “A Short Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments”, in Center for Global Development Working Paper 125, page 9:" + }, + "vituperative": { + "definition": "Marked by harsh abuse; abusive, often with ranting or railing.", + "origin": "Formed from vituperātus, perfect passive participle of Latin vituperō (“to blame, to censure”) + -ive; by surface analysis, vituperate + -ive.", + "sentence": "Floris gave the play a vituperative review laced with frequent personal insults.", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vituperative", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "Wiktionary contributors" + }, + "vizierial": { + "definition": "Of, pertaining to, or issued by, a vizier", + "origin": "Compare French vizirial.", + "sentence": "", + "part_of_speech": "adjective", + "source": "Wiktionary via Kaikki", + "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vizierial", + "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", + "sentence_reference": "" + } +} diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/scripts/build_hint_catalog.py b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/scripts/build_hint_catalog.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf318d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/scripts/build_hint_catalog.py @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +"""Build attributed hints from a local Kaikki/Wiktionary extract. + +Usage: python scripts/build_hint_catalog.py +The source extract is intentionally excluded from git. The checked-in catalog, +reviewed overrides, and coverage report are the deployable outputs. +""" +import json +import re +from collections import Counter +from pathlib import Path +from urllib.parse import quote + +ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] +DATA = ROOT / 'data' +BAD = {'obsolete', 'archaic', 'vulgar', 'offensive', 'derogatory', 'slang'} +POS = {'noun':'noun', 'verb':'verb', 'adj':'adjective', 'adv':'adverb', 'name':'proper noun', 'intj':'interjection', 'prep':'preposition'} + + +def exact(text, word): + return re.search(r'(? 300: + continue + if not re.match(r'[A-Z“\"]', sentence) or not re.search(r'[.!?][”\"]?$', sentence): + continue + if any(c in sentence for c in ('\n', '[', '…', '...')) or not exact(sentence, word): + continue + if re.search(r'\b(fuck|sexual|nigger|shit|bitch|whore|naked|rape|porn|penis)\b', sentence, re.I): + continue + ref = ex.get('ref', '') + if ex.get('type') != 'example' and (not ref or budgets[ref] + len(sentence.split()) > 25): + continue + return sentence, ref or 'Wiktionary contributors' + return '', '' + + +def build(): + extract = json.loads((DATA / 'dictionary_extract.json').read_text()) + words = [w for level in json.loads((DATA / 'words.json').read_text())['levels'].values() for w in level] + overrides = json.loads((DATA / 'reviewed_hints.json').read_text()) + catalog = {} + budgets = Counter() + gaps = {'definition': [], 'origin': [], 'sentence': []} + for word in words: + entries = extract.get(word.casefold(), []) + literal = [e for e in entries if e.get('word') == word] + entries = literal or entries + if word[0].islower(): + entries = [e for e in entries if e.get('pos') != 'name'] + candidates = [] + for ei, entry in enumerate(entries): + for si, sense in enumerate(entry.get('senses', [])): + if BAD.intersection(sense.get('tags', [])) or sense.get('alt_of') or sense.get('form_of'): + continue + gloss = (sense.get('glosses') or [''])[-1] + if not 8 <= len(gloss) <= 600 or exact(gloss, word) or gloss.startswith(('Synonym of ', 'Alternative ', 'Obsolete ')): + continue + sentence, reference = example(sense, word, budgets) + score = (0 if sentence else 20) + ei * .4 + si * .2 + candidates.append((score, entry, gloss, sentence, reference)) + if candidates: + _, entry, definition, sentence, reference = min(candidates, key=lambda x: x[0]) + origin = entry.get('etymology_text', '') + # Only share histories within the SAME numbered etymology, never + # across unrelated homographs such as bow (ship) and bow (weapon). + if not origin: + origin = next((e['etymology_text'] for e in entries if e.get('etymology_number') == entry.get('etymology_number') and e.get('etymology_text')), '') + record = {'definition': definition, 'origin': origin, 'sentence': sentence, + 'part_of_speech': POS.get(entry.get('pos'), entry.get('pos', '')), + 'source': 'Wiktionary via Kaikki', 'source_url': 'https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/' + quote(entry['word'], safe=''), + 'license': 'CC BY-SA 4.0', 'sentence_reference': reference} + if reference and reference != 'Wiktionary contributors': + budgets[reference] += len(sentence.split()) + else: + record = {'definition': '', 'origin': '', 'sentence': '', 'part_of_speech': '', 'source': 'BeeBright'} + record.update(overrides.get(word, {})) + for field in gaps: + if not record.get(field): + gaps[field].append(word) + # Keep missing fields explicit. Never replace them with fabricated content. + if record['definition']: + record['origin'] = record.get('origin') or 'A documented origin is not yet available for this word.' + catalog[word] = record + report = {'total_words': len(words), 'definitions': len(words)-len(gaps['definition']), + 'origins': len(words)-len(gaps['origin']), 'sentences': len(words)-len(gaps['sentence']), + 'missing': gaps, 'note': 'Coverage counts are not a claim of individual editorial verification. Missing fields need research.'} + (DATA / 'word_hints.json').write_text(json.dumps(catalog, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) + '\n') + (DATA / 'hint_coverage.json').write_text(json.dumps(report, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) + '\n') + print({k:v for k,v in report.items() if k != 'missing'}) + +if __name__ == '__main__': + build() diff --git a/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_hint_catalog.py b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_hint_catalog.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7600b2a --- /dev/null +++ b/BeeBright-Full-Stack/beebright-spelling-bee/backend/tests/test_hint_catalog.py @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +import json +import re +from pathlib import Path + +from app.models import DictionaryResult +from app.services.merriam_webster import _local_hints, _safe_dictionary_result, lookup_word + + +def test_every_catalog_example_has_an_exact_answer_and_survives_masking(): + for word, record in _local_hints().items(): + if not record.get('sentence'): + continue + masked = _safe_dictionary_result(record, word)['sentence'] + assert '___' in masked, word + assert not re.search(r'(?{hint === "definition" ? "Definition" : hint === "origin" ? "Word origin" : "In a sentence"}

{hint === "definition" && visibleDictionary.part_of_speech && {visibleDictionary.part_of_speech}: }{safeHints[hint]}

} - {visibleDictionary.source_url &&

{visibleDictionary.source}{visibleDictionary.license && <> · {visibleDictionary.license} · Adapted for spelling practice}

} + {visibleDictionary.source_url &&

{visibleDictionary.source}{visibleDictionary.license && <> · {visibleDictionary.license} · Adapted for spelling practice}{visibleDictionary.sentence_reference && <> · Example: {hideSpelling(visibleDictionary.sentence_reference, currentWord)}}

} {feedback && (