diff --git a/buildSrc/src/main/kotlin/datadog/gradle/plugin/testJvmConstraints/TestJvmConstraintsPlugin.kt b/buildSrc/src/main/kotlin/datadog/gradle/plugin/testJvmConstraints/TestJvmConstraintsPlugin.kt
index e505ecb9215..3091227b1bc 100644
--- a/buildSrc/src/main/kotlin/datadog/gradle/plugin/testJvmConstraints/TestJvmConstraintsPlugin.kt
+++ b/buildSrc/src/main/kotlin/datadog/gradle/plugin/testJvmConstraints/TestJvmConstraintsPlugin.kt
@@ -28,6 +28,17 @@ class TestJvmConstraintsPlugin : Plugin<Project> {
       }
 
       inputs.property("testJvm", testJvmSpec.testJvmProperty).optional(true)
+      // Gradle tracks the language version, but not the resolved vendor or full JVM versions.
+      inputs.property("jvmIdentity", javaLauncher.map { launcher ->
+        with(launcher.metadata) {
+          mapOf(
+            "languageVersion" to languageVersion.asInt().toString(),
+            "vendor" to vendor,
+            "runtimeVersion" to javaRuntimeVersion,
+            "vmVersion" to jvmVersion,
+          )
+        }
+      })
 
       val taskExtension = project.objects.newInstance<TestJvmConstraintsExtension>().also {
         configureConventions(it, projectExtension)
diff --git a/buildSrc/src/test/kotlin/datadog/gradle/plugin/testJvmConstraints/TestJvmCacheInputsTest.kt b/buildSrc/src/test/kotlin/datadog/gradle/plugin/testJvmConstraints/TestJvmCacheInputsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e3fbcc90788
--- /dev/null
+++ b/buildSrc/src/test/kotlin/datadog/gradle/plugin/testJvmConstraints/TestJvmCacheInputsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package datadog.gradle.plugin.testJvmConstraints
+
+import datadog.gradle.plugin.GradleFixture
+import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat
+import org.gradle.testkit.runner.TaskOutcome.FROM_CACHE
+import org.gradle.testkit.runner.TaskOutcome.SUCCESS
+import org.gradle.testkit.runner.TaskOutcome.UP_TO_DATE
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource
+
+class TestJvmCacheInputsTest : GradleFixture() {
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @ValueSource(strings = ["vendor", "runtimeVersion", "vmVersion"])
+  fun `test cache follows the selected launcher identity`(changedField: String) {
+    writeSettings(
+      """
+      rootProject.name = "test-jvm-inputs"
+      buildCache { local { directory = file("task-cache") } }
+      """
+    )
+    writeRootProject(
+      """
+      import org.gradle.jvm.toolchain.JavaInstallationMetadata
+      import org.gradle.jvm.toolchain.JavaLauncher
+
+      plugins {
+        id("dd-trace-java.test-jvm-constraints")
+      }
+
+      repositories { mavenCentral() }
+      dependencies {
+        testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.14.1")
+        testRuntimeOnly("org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher")
+      }
+
+      // Keep the executable and major version fixed to isolate each additional input.
+      class SelectedLauncher(
+        private val delegate: JavaLauncher,
+        private val changedField: String,
+      ) : JavaLauncher by delegate {
+        override fun getMetadata(): JavaInstallationMetadata =
+          object : JavaInstallationMetadata by delegate.metadata {
+            override fun getVendor() =
+              if (changedField == "vendor") "different-vendor" else delegate.metadata.vendor
+            override fun getJavaRuntimeVersion() =
+              if (changedField == "runtimeVersion") "different-runtime" else delegate.metadata.javaRuntimeVersion
+            override fun getJvmVersion() =
+              if (changedField == "vmVersion") "different-vm" else delegate.metadata.jvmVersion
+          }
+      }
+
+      val launcher = javaToolchains.launcherFor {}
+      val changedField = providers.gradleProperty("changedJvmField").orElse("")
+      tasks.test {
+        useJUnitPlatform()
+        javaLauncher.set(launcher.map { SelectedLauncher(it, changedField.get()) })
+      }
+      """
+    )
+    writeJavaSource(
+      "ExampleTest",
+      """
+      public class ExampleTest {
+        @org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+        public void passes() {}
+      }
+      """,
+      sourceSet = "test",
+    )
+
+    val first = run("test", "--build-cache")
+    assertThat(first.task(":test")?.outcome).describedAs(first.output).isEqualTo(SUCCESS)
+
+    val unchanged = run("test", "--build-cache")
+    assertThat(unchanged.task(":test")?.outcome).describedAs(unchanged.output).isEqualTo(UP_TO_DATE)
+
+    val restored = run("cleanTest", "test", "--build-cache")
+    assertThat(restored.task(":test")?.outcome).describedAs(restored.output).isEqualTo(FROM_CACHE)
+
+    val changed = run("test", "--build-cache", "-PchangedJvmField=$changedField")
+    assertThat(changed.task(":test")?.outcome).describedAs(changed.output).isEqualTo(SUCCESS)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/buildSrc/src/test/kotlin/datadog/gradle/plugin/testJvmConstraints/TestJvmConstraintsPluginTest.kt b/buildSrc/src/test/kotlin/datadog/gradle/plugin/testJvmConstraints/TestJvmConstraintsPluginTest.kt
index 7e353c61579..be600f0eccd 100644
--- a/buildSrc/src/test/kotlin/datadog/gradle/plugin/testJvmConstraints/TestJvmConstraintsPluginTest.kt
+++ b/buildSrc/src/test/kotlin/datadog/gradle/plugin/testJvmConstraints/TestJvmConstraintsPluginTest.kt
@@ -34,6 +34,21 @@ class TestJvmConstraintsPluginTest {
     assertThat(testTask.extensions.findByName(TEST_JVM_CONSTRAINTS)).isInstanceOf(TestJvmConstraintsExtension::class.java)
   }
 
+  @Test
+  fun `default test launcher is fingerprinted without testJvm`() {
+    val project = ProjectBuilder.builder().build()
+    project.pluginManager.apply("dd-trace-java.test-jvm-constraints")
+    val testTask = project.tasks.named("test", GradleTest::class.java).get()
+    val metadata = testTask.javaLauncher.get().metadata
+
+    assertThat(testTask.inputs.properties["jvmIdentity"]).isEqualTo(mapOf(
+      "languageVersion" to metadata.languageVersion.asInt().toString(),
+      "vendor" to metadata.vendor,
+      "runtimeVersion" to metadata.javaRuntimeVersion,
+      "vmVersion" to metadata.jvmVersion,
+    ))
+  }
+
   @Test
   fun `jacoco is disabled for additional test jvm when coverage is not checked`() {
     val testTask = testTaskWithJacoco()
diff --git a/docs/how_to_work_with_gradle.md b/docs/how_to_work_with_gradle.md
index 48ae406577c..87c111eaa22 100644
--- a/docs/how_to_work_with_gradle.md
+++ b/docs/how_to_work_with_gradle.md
@@ -951,6 +951,9 @@ This project provides several custom Gradle extensions to manage multi-JVM testi
 
 Controls which JVM versions are allowed to run tests. Applied via the `dd-trace-java.test-jvm-constraints` plugin.
 
+Each `Test` task also tracks its selected JVM's vendor, full runtime version and VM version as inputs.
+Changing these values invalidates up-to-date checks and build-cache entries, even when the Java major version stays the same.
+
 ```Gradle Kotlin DSL
 plugins {
     id("dd-trace-java.test-jvm-constraints")